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Senior administration officials will trY to end a row between. , gOvernment officiall\ and univer­ sities over technological leaks c;J;~ to the SOviet Union and wheth~, lii':;8. ,neWe secrecy' rules are,' l"neededto curhthem; accordiDg: ~to. Georg", A. Keyworth II, , head of the White House(If· fice of ScienCe and Techno!­ ,oIlYPolicy. Keyworth saidlast week that he and other key defense and diplomatic officials wanted to switch the focus of the debate to their real concern: leaks from industry. He saida new policy statement "on the president's desk" states that the way to GEORGE A.KEl'wOR,iin control the leakage of basic reo I ••. backs university research search is through the current classification system, not by concerned that excessive secre­ creating a newcategory of"sen­ cy will hurt U,S. companies in ... '. sitive" but unclassified material. the marketplace. Defense Department 'of­ *: *: 'R ficials, reportedly including RECONSIDERING' CY· IUchard N. Perle, assistant CLAI\fATE'••• In another:·' secretary for internationalse­ step that is <expected' to help" ' curity policy, and RichardD. transform .cyclamate. to a legal ' DlilLauer, undersecretary, for articifical sweetener, the Foocl research and engineering, have' and ,Drug, Adminiatratioa' approved the policy. has asked the National Academy "In general. the university of Sciences to check the FDA's environment does not represent preliminary finding that' eycla-' an area of major leakage," Key..· "mate is not harmful. worth said. Of far more con­ The sweetener was, banned cern, he said, is Soviet spying more than a decade ago because' , and technology "leaks overseas of evidence that it caused can­ through U.S. companies." " cer in arumats. Keyworth said the president • Since then, Abbott labora­ had spontaneously expressed tories and an industry group his support for openness in re-. called the Calorie Control Coun­ search. "1 would be' extremely cil have filed' new informatiol\' surprised if the academic reo and .test results to try to get' search environment'is in'any cyclamate back on the market. way constrained" in the future, The industry petition is still KeYworthsaid. under review, but the FDA's A key point in the debate' Committee on Food Safety and ' ?/over basic researcb came with Applied Nutrition has reviewed ~, thecompletion ofa study by the the scientific studies and found ~', Niltional Aca!lemy of Sci. no reason why the cyclamate ~;ence'8, now called the,"Corson ban should continue, according ,~ieport" after the study commit­ to FDA spokesman Jim Green. ,~·tee's chairman, Dale R. Corson, The academy will hold a pub­ '''' former president of CornellUni­ lic hearing this Tuesday. versity'. That report recom­ Its committee is supposed to mended that.httle or'no action report to the FDA by Decem-." areexpect-: be taken to constrain scientific ber, and its findings \.. information, but instead that the ed to play .. crucial role in the FDA's decision,'; United States stay ahead, in the technology race. *: 1:r 1:r Keyworth said it would be a MEANWHILE ... Amer­ good idea now to convene a sim­ ica's prenner science journal, ilar panelto look at technology . Science Magazinl!' which is pub­ leakage in industry. The, nation­ lished by the' American Asso­ al academy's governing board, ciationfor the Advancement of in fact, recently did just that. Science, has anew editor: Dan­ Meanwhile, One key industry iet E. Koshland sr., a bioche­ player said much work was go­ mist atthe University of Cal· ing on behind the scenes to find ifornia at Berkeley. Koshland common' ground, between,Pen­ succeeds Philip H. Abelson, tagon officialsworried about the the editor for 22 years. problem and industry officials '::"'Philip J. Hilts AN"EJ)UCATOR'SOPINION When Bureaucracies Rille, LeamingIoses .ByMary Hatwood Futrell, President National Education Association -... ., . nea The bell rings. The class enters=25 students, a Compromise, Sizer lists five imperatives for better kaleidoscope of personalities, all "unique, each a schools, his primary recommendation is· that we bundle of idiosyncracies, different strengtha.differ- fI "allow teachers and principals to adapt their schools ent attitudes .and aptitudes.. differenrneeds.- ." to th', . ,..' of You begin the day'silesscn-c-and a day-longD b elrparticular studenrs... .The deeentralization ~ dialogue with yourself: A.m I movi.ng t.00 quickly Isubstantial authority to the ersons closest to tbe for Jonathan? Too slowly for Janice? Does Danie stu entsls essenttat. need some remedial work? Would tougher home • Ernest! Boyer echoes S!zer's.view: Heavy :loses 0: work assignmenrs catch Alan's attention? Or is it bureaucracy, he argues In HIgh School, stifl re- time to ease up? Would Anna flourish in an 'vit and block teachers and . am exer- Advanced Placement course? cising t eir est pro essional judgment on matters For America's teachers, these are the. sorts of that should be ~eci?ed ~t. the school building level. questions that never stop. But there's a other ues- Boyer:and SIzer s cmlqu~s reflect more than a tion th ociety need to ask' 0 IS mas decade of research o~ ef~ectlve schools. Derrick A. li y to have the answers to .t e daily questions Bell: dean of the 1!nJvets1~y of Oregon Law School, very teacher faces? . SUCCinctly summarized this research when he ob- .Th bvi . f he r h served that teachers at effective schools are "rnaver- . e a VIOUS answer IS: a course, t e ~eac. er- icks.' They become forces for educational excel. t?e person on the scene, In the classroom, In touch. lence precisely because they-like their principals- ~ y convince. t at, In t IS .ca , ous are "willing to give priority to a vision of education answ~r IS also the .nght answer: !eachers have the even over policy decisions coming from a central eXpene?CC, the insight, the training to know what board." i They're rebels-swirh a cause. And the works In the classroom-and when. " cause is an instructional program and school climate Unfortunately, our conte or school s stems tailored to the needs of students-not to the de. seldom reco ntze this obvious..truth. One a the mands of bureaucrats. ba.ffling ironies of modern times IS. In act, the Surely teachers and principals should not have to extent to which control over classroom declSlonshas risk insubordinarion in order to advance the cause been wrenched tWill the hands. of teachers and of educational excellence. And the change that panCipals.: leaching methods and matenals, assess- would render such rebellion unnecessary is in no' menr tools, 'diSClphnarycodes, and even. entire way radical. Returning decision-making power to curricula are frequently dicrated by officials sitting the local school is, in fact, consonant with the in district offIces comfottably at a distance from the prescription for success put forth in Thomas Peters clasSroom and tts challenges. DecISIOns drop down and Robert Waterman's In Search of Excellence: from on high, Teachers and principals lose autono- Lessons from America's Best Run Companies. my. Learning is the casualty. Jonarhan and his America's corporate leaders are learning the de- classmates are the victims. tralization lesson that management analysts like The result: a tyranny of inefficiency that's been eters arid Waterman strive to reach. They're begin- noted-and denounced-by virtually every major ing to iunderstand that common sense demands education reform report over the last two years. Ted treating .ernployees as adults deserving of respect' Sizer, for instance, charges that "hierarchical bu. and capable of making intelligent judgments. reaucracy" is "paralyzing American education." It's time centralized school district bureaucracies And when,' in the'concluding... .. chapter.'., of Horace's,1. )earnedthat lesson, too. .~ NEA • 1201 Sixteenth Ste.t; N.W.•r Washington, D.C. 20036e(202) 822·,1200 Sfro/{ger ties . between industryand ,um.'versity callfor AMERICA'S Iclear understanding jofroles . I RISING. RESEARCH I I I ALlIA·NCE •• byLewis M. Branscomb I . Wa "ted: ["II h'e'~ity to set 11 p lncrative ence and engineering-bothofwhich improves coverage by academic reo I partnership leith bueilIess desi,i IIg ,·e· are essential to a company'. ability to searchers of industrially relevant I Isearcn in '!elt'tech"o{ogie.~. JIilliollS innovate and increase it. productivity. areas of in\-estiption. I in!ltlldillg arailable, COlitact director Strong and dependable federal sup­ The National Science Board'. l';th rfcorporate contribnlions. port for a broad spectrum ofacademic annual report to the president and , research is a major factor in making Congress ton which this article is .i our universities fruitful places for in­ based)sets out to illuminate the corn- i he advertisement. from a re­ dustrial collaboration. On the other plex but important processes whereby : cent article in l:.S. 'velt·s.1: hanc!. since private investment in a university scientists participate in the I lro,4dReport, isfi'ctitious. competitive marketplace is the best solution ofimportant industrial prob- but it dramatizes an ex- _ means for allocatingthe scientific and lems and the industrial community : panding partnership be- L~ engineering resources of industry. it avails itself.,fthe vital public invest- J; tween re search universities and appropriate that government leave to ment in academic science, private companies. industry the task ofexploiting This long and fruitful relationship the knowledge base created by our uantitati\'e asse..ment of the j has rested and continues to rest (IIIin· universities. university-industr, research dustry's need for highly qualified new The moreeffectively industry car­ connection is difficult. owing scientists and engineers. (or there­ ries out this task. the greaterthe ec0­ to the~ dh em mecnan!3rr.$ of ex­ 1(( sults offundamental researcllin sci- nomic leverage ofourpublic invest­ change:contracts, grant? pW"Chase l ment in university research. Further. orders.

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