DOCSLIB.ORG

Thesis Vol. I (David Heffernan).Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Thesis Vol. I (David Heffernan).Pdf UCC Library and UCC researchers have made this item openly available. Please let us know how this has helped you. Thanks! Title Tudor ‘reform’ treatises and government policy in sixteenth century Ireland Author(s) Heffernan, David Publication date 2013 Original citation Heffernan, D., 2012. Tudor ‘reform’ treatises and government policy in sixteenth century Ireland. PhD Thesis, University College Cork. Type of publication Doctoral thesis Rights © 2012, David Heffernan http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ Item downloaded http://hdl.handle.net/10468/1019 from Downloaded on 2021-09-25T18:40:56Z Tudor ‘Reform’ Treatises and Government Policy in Sixteenth Century Ireland David Heffernan, BA Student No.: 104483405 Thesis submitted for the degree of PhD National University of Ireland, Cork School of History Vol. 1 of 2 Supervisor: Dr. David Edwards Head of School: Prof. Geoffrey Roberts August, 2012 Contents Abbreviations v Note on Conventions vii List of Tables viii Introduction 1 1 The ‘Reform’ Treatise 13 The Old English ‘Reform’ Authors 15 The New English ‘Reform’ Authors 23 The ‘Reform’ Treatise A. Quantity 28 The ‘Reform’ Treatise B. Form 31 The ‘Reform’ Treatise C. Type 36 The ‘Reform’ Treatise D. Composition 43 The ‘Reform’ Treatise and the Tudor State 45 2 Conquest and Conciliation in Henrician Ireland, 1509-1546 54 The Campaign for the ‘Reduction’ of Leinster 55 ‘Surrender and Regrant’ 67 Regional Problems: Colonies and Presidencies? 79 3 The mid-Tudor period, 1546-1565 87 Leinster: Militarisation and Plantation 90 Sussex and Political Discourse 100 Ulster: Shane O’Neill and the Scots 108 ‘O let your matie be substancially ware of gardyner’s crafty sect, that wude sey and vnsey with one brethe’ 117 4 ‘Reform’ and the Lord Deputyships of Henry Sidney, 1565-1578 127 The growth of the ‘public sphere’ in Elizabethan Ireland 130 Presidencies and Colonies? 142 From ‘Coign and Livery’ to Composition 159 Religious Reform 170 ii 5 ‘Reform’ in the aftermath of the Second Desmond Rebellion, 1579-1594 182 The Munster Plantation 184 The Viceroyalty of John Perrot 192 Literatures of Complaint and Justification 199 6 ‘Reform’ and Ulster, 1594-1609 217 The Crown’s Ulster Question 218 Military Strategy during the Nine Years War 226 ‘Reform’ post-1603 238 Conclusion 250 Bibliography 254 iii Declaration by Candidate I, the undersigned, hereby declare that this thesis is my own work and has not been submitted for any other degree, either at University College Cork or at any other institution. Signature: __________________________________ iv Abbreviations Add. MSS. Additional Manuscripts (British Library) AJLH American Journal of Legal History Anal. Hib. Analecta Hibernica Archiv. Hib. Archivium Hibernicum AU W.M. Hennesy and B. McCarthy (eds.), Annals of Ulster, 4 Vols. (Dublin, 1887-1901) BL British Library Bod. Lib. Bodleian Library Brit. Ac. Proc. Proceedings of the British Academy Cal. Carew MSS. J.S. Brewer, et. al., Calendar of the Carew Manuscripts, 1515- 1624, 6 Vols. (London, 1867-1873). Cal. Ormond Deeds Edmund Curtis (ed.), Calendar of Ormond Deeds, 1172-1603, 6 Vols. (Dublin, 1932-1934) CLB Chichester Letter Book CPRI James Morrin (ed.), Calendar of the Patent and Close Rolls of Chancery in Ireland, Henry VIII-Elizabeth, 3 Vols. (Dublin, 1861-1863) CSPI H.C. Hamilton, et. al. (eds.), Calendar of State Papers, Ireland, 1509-1670, 24 Vols. (1860-1912) DIB Dictionary of Irish Biography ed./eds. editor/editors EHR English Historical Review ELH English Literary History EL Ellesmere Manuscripts f./ff. folio/folios Fiants Kenneth Nicholls (ed.), The Irish Fiants of the Tudor Sovereigns, during the reigns of Henry VIII, Edward VI, Philip and Mary and Elizabeth I, 4 Vols. (Dublin, 1994). HJ Historical Journal HM Harleian Miscellany HMC Historical Manuscripts Commission HT History Today Hunt. Lib. Huntington Library IAS Irish Archaeological Society IER Irish Ecclesiastical Review IHS Irish Historical Studies IJ Irish Jurist IMC Irish Manuscripts Commission. Ir. Econ. Soc. Hist. Irish Economic and Social History JBS The Journal of the Butler Society JCHAS Journal of the Cork Historical and Archaeological Society JCLAS Journal of the County Louth Archaeological Society Jn. Eccl. Hist. Journal of Ecclesiastical History JNMAS Journal of the North Munster Archaeological Society JRSAI Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland L.P. Letters and Papers, foreign and domestic, Henry VIII 21 Vols. (London, 1862-1932) v Lib. Muner. Rowley Lascelles (ed.), Liber Munerum Publicorum Hiberniae, 2 Vols. (London, 1852) LPL Lambeth Palace Library MS./MSS. Manuscript/Manuscripts NAS The National Archives of Scotland No. Number ODNB Oxford Dictionary of National Biography PAIS Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society PMLA Publications of the Modern Language Association Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society PRIA Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy TNA: PRO The National Archives: Public Records Office SP State Papers SP Henry VIII State Papers during the reign of Henry VIII, 11 Vols. (London, 1830-1852) Stud. Hib. Studia Hibernica TAPS Transactions of the American Philosophical Society TCD Trinity College Dublin UJA Ulster Journal of Archaeology Vol. Volume WLB Walsingham Letter Book vi Note on Conventions The year is taken as beginning on 1st January, as opposed to 25th March, as was the convention in early modern Ireland owing to the retention of the Julian Calendar. When referring to the nobility I have generally utilised personal names when discussing events prior to an individual’s elevation to the peerage, etc. and used their title thereafter. Thus, for example, William Cecil is referred to as such prior to 1571, and to as Burghley thereafter. In some instances, given the scope of the study, multiple individuals bore the same title. Efforts have been made in such cases to differentiate between these individuals by using first names, etc.. As such, for instance, Walter and Robert Devereux are distinguished by their differing first names and as first and second earls of Essex, respectively. Generally recognisable modern spellings have been used for personal names and place names. Thus, for example, Carrickfergus is given as such, despite being just as often referred to as Knockfergus in the sixteenth century. In other instances, often for more obscure family names or place names, the contemporary usage has been applied. As such Tyrrye has been retained as such given that the modern spelling, Terry, appears not to have been in widespread use in the sixteenth century. When quoting the original spelling has been, for the most part, retained, while all figures are given in Arabic numerals, even when appearing as Roman in the original documents. When citing items from amongst the State Papers the title given in the original Calendars has been utilised. When referring to the foliation of the State Papers I have followed the bold printed letters generally located on the top right hand corner of the leaves. The folio numbering for the Cotton MSS. utilised here is that found in the top corner of the leaves with a line through it. Throughout the community of the Pale and the urban districts have been referred to as the Old English, while the magnates of English descent have generally been termed Anglo-Irish, a distinction owing to the general belief amongst political analysts in Dublin and its environs that figures such as the Geraldine earls had degenerated in contrast to their own cultural rigidity. References to documents which are transcribed in the Appendix within the footnotes of the text are supplemented by reference to the numbering of the document in the Appendix following the citation in square brackets, e.g. John Alen, ‘Lord Chancellor Alen to Mr Comptroller William Paget’, 1548, TNA:PRO, SP 61/1/129 [App. no. 4]. vii List of Tables 1.1 Number of extant treatises for select years, 1515-1609 2.1 Number of extant treatises by year, 1532-1543 3.1 Number of extant treatises for select years, 1547-1568 4.1 Number of extant treatises by decade, 1510-1579 5.1 Number of extant treatises for select years, 1576-1587 6.1 Number of extant treatises for select years, 1570-1600 viii Introduction During the sixteenth century hundreds of treatises were written on the political, social, economic and religious state of Ireland. Composed by a broad array of New English, Old English and Gaelic Irish writers, these tracts attempted to analyse the Irish polity and put forward ideas on how the crown might shape that polity into the future. Central to these studies was an intrinsic belief that Ireland was a deeply troubled place, though not all were agreed on what the cause of that turmoil was. Some, for instance, suggested that it was the survival of bastard feudalism, or ‘coign and livery’ as contemporaries termed the system of private military exactions, which was at the heart of Ireland’s supposed anarchy. Others believed that the greatest obstacle facing the Tudor state in Ireland was variously the independence of the powerful lords of Ulster; the Scots incursions in the northeast of the country; the allure of Irish social and cultural mores which could lead even civil Englishmen to degenerate into barbarism; or the self-interest and naked corruption of crown servants in Ireland, which were responsible for the instability and disorder of the country. The solutions put forward were equally varied. These included regional conquest to reduce adversarial lordships; plantation, or targeted colonisation; the appointment of provincial presidents; and attempts to inculcate the peoples of Ireland to the virtues of English social, economic and cultural practices through a programme of social engineering and the establishment of regional garrisons. Later, these alleged solutions created further problems, notably in relation to the issue of financing the army and regulating the conduct of its constituent parts, to which the writers of political discourses responded by putting forward a variety of schemes to introduce an improved crown taxation system in Ireland or to cut back on expenditure by reducing the size of the garrison.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland
    COLONEL- MALCOLM- OF POLTALLOCH CAMPBELL COLLECTION Rioghachca emeaNN. ANNALS OF THE KINGDOM OF IEELAND, BY THE FOUR MASTERS, KKOM THE EARLIEST PERIOD TO THE YEAR 1616. EDITED FROM MSS. IN THE LIBRARY OF THE ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY AND OF TRINITY COLLEGE, DUBLIN, WITH A TRANSLATION, AND COPIOUS NOTES, BY JOHN O'DONOYAN, LLD., M.R.I.A., BARRISTER AT LAW. " Olim Regibus parebaut, nuuc per Principes faction! bus et studiis trahuntur: nee aliud ad versus validiasiuias gentes pro uobis utilius, qnam quod in commune non consulunt. Rarus duabus tribusve civitatibus ad propulsandum eommuu periculom conventus : ita dum singnli pugnant umVersi vincuntur." TACITUS, AQBICOLA, c. 12. SECOND EDITION. VOL. VII. DUBLIN: HODGES, SMITH, AND CO., GRAFTON-STREET, BOOKSELLERS TO THE UNIVERSITY. 1856. DUBLIN : i3tintcc at tije ffinibcrsitn )J\tss, BY M. H. GILL. INDEX LOCORUM. of the is the letters A. M. are no letter is the of Christ N. B. When the year World intended, prefixed ; when prefixed, year in is the Irish form the in is the or is intended. The first name, Roman letters, original ; second, Italics, English, anglicised form. ABHA, 1150. Achadh-bo, burned, 1069, 1116. Abhaill-Chethearnaigh, 1133. plundered, 913. Abhainn-da-loilgheach, 1598. successors of Cainneach of, 969, 1003, Abhainn-Innsi-na-subh, 1158. 1007, 1008, 1011, 1012, 1038, 1050, 1066, Abhainn-na-hEoghanacha, 1502. 1108, 1154. Abhainn-mhor, Owenmore, river in the county Achadh-Chonaire, Aclionry, 1328, 1398, 1409, of Sligo, 1597. 1434. Abhainn-mhor, The Blackwater, river in Mun- Achadh-Cille-moire,.4^az7wre, in East Brefny, ster, 1578, 1595. 1429. Abhainn-mhor, river in Ulster, 1483, 1505, Achadh-cinn, abbot of, 554.
    [Show full text]
  • Perrot Notes;
    PERROT NOTES; O& SOME ACCOUNT OF THE VARIOUS BRANCHES OF THE PERROT FAMILY. :BY ED\VARD LOWRY BARNWELL, M.A. JtintdJ fat tbe ·Q!:a;mhrian <!rrbreolagital '!ssociation. LONDON: .J. RUSSELL SMITH, 36, SOHO SQUARE. J. H. & J. PARKER, 377, STRAND. MDCCCLXVII. LONDON: T, BICHAitDB, 37, GREAT QUEli:N S'l'ltJ-;1;:'I', W.C, PREFACE. 'fHE Perrot" N otes,"which have ~lready heen published by the Cambrian Archreological Association in the Arckceolo9ia Oambrensis, are now reissued to the public, to the limited number of one hundred large paper copies. The subject may not be one of popular character; but by descendants of a famil"y once of no small distinction, and especially by those connected with- South Wales, they may be considered as not ' altogether devoid of local or personal interest. For so long a period did the family of l?errot flourish in Pembrokeshire, and so numerous ,vere i~s marriages ,vith the leading families of " little England beyond Wales," that there are fe,v descendants of those fan1ilies still remaining within the Principality, or else\vhere, ,vho are not connected by blood ,vith the Perrots. One object of the ,vriter of the "Notes" has been to correct the errors, and supply the deficiencies, ,v hich too frequently occur in n1ost of the printed or unprinted genealogies 'fhese corrections and additions have been effected partly by careful con1 parison of the various accounts, and partly by reference to deeds or . IV PREFACE. records, most of ,vhich had not been previously exa­ n1ined. Even if there may still remain errors, or doubt­ ful statements, in the "Notes," yet the present collec­ tion may, perhaps, claim the credit of being at least the n1ost complete, and least incorrect, of existing no.tices.
    [Show full text]
  • Copyright Material: Irish Manuscripts Commission
    ‘REFORM’ TREATISES ON TUDOR IRELAND Commission Edited by DAVID HEFFERNAN Manuscripts Irish Material: Copyright IRISH MANUSCRIPTS COMMISSION 2016 Tudor Ireland Reform TreatisesREV IMC.indd 3 11/06/2016 07:43 CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS X ABBREVIATIONS XII LIST OF PLATES XIV INTRODUCTION XV FORMAL TREATISE XXIV INFORMAL TREATISE XXIV LETTER-TRACT CommissionXXV INTERNAL GOVERNMENT MEMORANDA AND WORKING DOCUMENTS XXV DIARIES, CAMPAIGN JOURNALS AND ACCOUNTS OF SERVICE XXV EDITORIAL NOTE XXVIII THE ‘REFORM’ TREATISES 1 1. Anonymous: ‘Devices for the ordering of the Kavanaghs, the Byrnes, Tooles and ‘Omayles’ [Imaals] for such lands as they shall have within the countyManuscripts of Carlow and the marches of the same county, and also of the marches of the county of Dublin’, 1537 3 2. Thomas Walshe: ReportIrish on the state of Ireland, 1552 7 3. Anonymous: ‘Articles to be inquired of concerning the state and affairs of Ireland’, 1553 16 4. John Alen?: ‘A description of the power of the Irishmen of Leinster made in these days’, c. 1556 19 5. Thomas Alen?: ‘Matters for the good government of Material:Ireland’, 1558 28 6. James Barnewall?: Proposals for provisioning, 1559 36 7. James Barnewall?: Proposals for acts to be passed through parliament and other measures to be taken in Ireland, 1559 42 8. John Walshe: ‘Information given by your orator John Walshe of Youghal in Ireland for the reformation of the enormities of the said realm and to bring the same Copyright unto civility’, 1559 49 9. Thomas Radcliffe, 3rd earl of Sussex: ‘Articles of advice sent from the lord lieutenant, from Drogheda, by Gilbert Gerrard, attorney general’, 1561 52 10.
    [Show full text]
  • To Plant and Improve: Justifying the Consolidation of Tudor and Stuart Rule in Ireland, 1509 to 1625
    To Plant and Improve: Justifying the Consolidation of Tudor and Stuart Rule in Ireland, 1509 to 1625 Samantha Watson A thesis in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Humanities and Languages Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences September 2014 THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES Thesis/Dissertation Sheet Surname or Family name: Watson First name: Samantha Other name/s: Abbreviation for degree as given in the University calendar: PhD School: School of Humanities and Languages Faculty: Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences Title: To plant and improve: justifying the consolidation of Tudor and Stuart rule in Ireland, 1509 to 1625. Abstract 350 words maximum: (PLEASE TYPE) This thesis aims to examine the ideologies employed in justifying English conquest and plantation of Ireland between 1509 and 1625. It adopts the methodology of a contextualist intellectual history, which situates the sources within the intellectual and material world, and in relation to the publically approved paradigms, available to the authors. The thesis encompasses a range of source material - correspondence, policy papers and published tracts - from major and minor figures in government and undertakers of colonisation schemes. The source material will be examined with respect to the major upheavals in intellectual culture in late medieval and early modern England and, in particular, the impact of major pan- European movements, the Protestant Reformation and the Renaissance. Focussing on the ethics associated with the spread of Renaissance humanism and Calvinist Protestantism, it explores socio-political ideas in England and examines the ways that these ideas were expressed in relation to Ireland.
    [Show full text]
  • Genre and Identity in British and Irish National Histories, 1541-1691
    “NO ROOM IN HISTORY”: GENRE AND IDENTIY IN BRITISH AND IRISH NATIONAL HISTORIES, 1541-1691 A dissertation presented by Sarah Elizabeth Connell to The Department of English In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the field of English Northeastern University Boston, Massachusetts April 2014 1 “NO ROOM IN HISTORY”: GENRE AND IDENTIY IN BRITISH AND IRISH NATIONAL HISTORIES, 1541-1691 by Sarah Elizabeth Connell ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in English in the College of Social Sciences and Humanities of Northeastern University April 2014 2 ABSTRACT In this project, I build on the scholarship that has challenged the historiographic revolution model to question the valorization of the early modern humanist narrative history’s sophistication and historiographic advancement in direct relation to its concerted efforts to shed the purportedly pious, credulous, and naïve materials and methods of medieval history. As I demonstrate, the methodologies available to early modern historians, many of which were developed by medieval chroniclers, were extraordinary flexible, able to meet a large number of scholarly and political needs. I argue that many early modern historians worked with medieval texts and genres not because they had yet to learn more sophisticated models for representing the past, but rather because one of the most effective ways that these writers dealt with the political and religious exigencies of their times was by adapting the practices, genres, and materials of medieval history. I demonstrate that the early modern national history was capable of supporting multiple genres and reading modes; in fact, many of these histories reflect their authors’ conviction that authentic past narratives required genres with varying levels of facticity.
    [Show full text]
  • Marriage Between the Irish and English of Fifteenth-Century Dublin, Meath, Louth and Kildare
    Intermarriage in fifteenth-century Ireland: the English and Irish in the 'four obedient shires' Booker, S. (2013). Intermarriage in fifteenth-century Ireland: the English and Irish in the 'four obedient shires'. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy: Section C, Archaeology, Celtic Studies, History, Linguistics, Literature, 113, 219-250. https://doi.org/10.3318/PRIAC.2013.113.02 Published in: Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy: Section C, Archaeology, Celtic Studies, History, Linguistics, Literature Document Version: Peer reviewed version Queen's University Belfast - Research Portal: Link to publication record in Queen's University Belfast Research Portal Publisher rights © 2013 Royal Irish Academy. This work is made available online in accordance with the publisher’s policies. Please refer to any applicable terms of use of the publisher. General rights Copyright for the publications made accessible via the Queen's University Belfast Research Portal is retained by the author(s) and / or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing these publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. Take down policy The Research Portal is Queen's institutional repository that provides access to Queen's research output. Every effort has been made to ensure that content in the Research Portal does not infringe any person's rights, or applicable UK laws. If you discover content in the Research Portal that you believe breaches copyright or violates any law, please contact [email protected]. Download date:25. Sep. 2021 Intermarriage in fifteenth century Ireland: the English and Irish in the ‘four obedient shires’ SPARKY BOOKER* Department of History and Humanities, Trinity College Dublin [Accepted 1 March 2012.] Abstract Many attempts have been made to understand and explain the complicated relationship between the English of Ireland and the Irish in the later middle ages.
    [Show full text]
  • Elizabeth I and Irish Rule: Causations For
    ELIZABETH I AND IRISH RULE: CAUSATIONS FOR CONTINUED SETTLEMENT ON ENGLAND’S FIRST COLONY: 1558 - 1603 By KATIE ELIZABETH SKELTON Bachelor of Arts in History Oklahoma State University Stillwater, Oklahoma 2009 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS May, 2012 ELIZABETH I AND IRISH RULE: CAUSATIONS FOR CONTINUED SETTLEMENT ON ENGLAND’S FIRST COLONY: 1558 - 1603 Thesis Approved: Dr. Jason Lavery Thesis Adviser Dr. Kristen Burkholder Dr. L.G. Moses Dr. Sheryl A. Tucker Dean of the Graduate College ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page I. INTRODUCTION ...................................................................... 1 II. ENGLISH RULE OF IRELAND ...................................................... 17 III. ENGLAND’S ECONOMIC RELATIONSHIP WITH IRELAND ...................... 35 IV. ENGLISH ETHNIC BIAS AGAINST THE IRISH ................................... 45 V. ENGLISH FOREIGN POLICY & IRELAND ......................................... 63 VI. CONCLUSION ...................................................................... 90 BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................ 94 iii LIST OF MAPS Map Page The Island of Ireland, 1450 ......................................................... 22 Plantations in Ireland, 1550 – 1610................................................ 72 Europe, 1648 ......................................................................... 75 iv LIST OF TABLES Table Page
    [Show full text]
  • HU1 MAYNOOTH Oitecoil R»A Heirearwi M I Nuad
    L'O ^tS-U HU1 MAYNOOTH Oitecoil r»a hEirearwi M i Nuad THE IMPACT OF EX BRITISH SOLDIERS ON THE I RISH VOLUNTEERS AND FREE STATE ARMY 1913-1924 BY MICHAEL JOSEPH WHELAN IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MA DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF IRELAND MAYNOOTH HEAD OF DEPARTMENT: PROFESSOR R.V.COMERFORD SUPERVISOR OF RESEARCH: DR IAN SPELLER July 2006 Abstract The aim of this thesis is to highlight the service of ex-British soldiers in the Irish Army and to examine some of their experiences during the period 1913-1924 with particular emphasis on the Irish Civil War. There was a constant utilisation of ex-British servicemen for their skills and also their intimidation by republicans throughout the period but their involvement may have been one of the factors that helped the IRA to bring the British government to negotiate. This is also true for the Free State Army and its defeat of the IRA during the Civil War. The Irish Volunteers and IRA was a guerrilla force combating a conventional army in many cases by using British military skills learned from ex-British soldiers. The Free State Army fought the IRA, which it had also evolved from, portraying a conventional military force using many more ex-British soldiers and lessons they had learned from the War of Independence against the British and those learned during the Great War. The ex-British soldiers helped to transform the army from a guerrilla force into a conventional army and it was probably their impact that had the greatest influence on the Irish Free State Army in defeating the republican forces and helped win the Irish Civil War.
    [Show full text]
  • Robert Boyle 1 Robert Boyle
    Robert Boyle 1 Robert Boyle Robert Boyle Robert Boyle (1627–91) Born 25 January 1627 Lismore, County Waterford, Ireland Died 31 December 1691 (age 64) London, England Fields Physics, chemistry Known for Boyle's law, founder of modern chemistry [1] Influences Galileo Galilei, Otto von Guericke, Francis Bacon, Samuel Hartlib Influenced Isaac Newton; Is considered the founder of modern chemistry Notable awards Fellow of the Royal Society Robert Boyle, FRS, (25 January 1627 – 31 December 1691) was a 17th-century natural philosopher, chemist, physicist, and inventor, also noted for his writings in theology. He has been variously described as Irish, English and Anglo-Irish, his father having come to Ireland from England during the time of the Plantations. Although his research clearly has its roots in the alchemical tradition, Boyle is largely regarded today as the first modern chemist, and therefore one of the founders of modern chemistry, and one of the pioneers of modern experimental scientific method. He is best known for Boyle's law,[2] which describes the inversely proportional relationship between the absolute pressure and volume of a gas, if the temperature is kept constant within a closed system.[3][4] Among his works, The Sceptical Chymist is seen as a cornerstone book in the field of chemistry. Biography Early years Boyle was born in Lismore Castle, in County Waterford, Ireland, the seventh son and fourteenth child of Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork and Catherine Fenton. Richard Boyle arrived in Dublin from England in 1588 during the Tudor plantations of Ireland and obtained an appointment as a deputy escheator.
    [Show full text]
  • Transactions the Leicestershire
    TRANSACTIONS THE LEICESTERSHIRE anfc SOCIETY. VOL. VII. — PART III. LEICESTER: CLARKE AND HODGSON. 5, GALLOWTREE GATE, 1891. Contents. PAGE. LIST OF OFFICERS, &c. 1890 .. .. .. .. 201 SUBSCRIBING MEMBERS .. .. .. .. ... 203 MEMBERS DECEASED IN 1890-91 .. .. .. .. 205 RULES .. .. .. .. .. .. 205 ANNUAL MEETING, 2;th January, 1890 .. .. .. 207 THIRTY-FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT .. .. .. .. 207 TREASURER'S ACCOUNT .. .. .. .. .. 208 BI-MONTHLY MEETING, 3ist March, 1890 .. .. .. 210 BI-MONTHLY MEETING, igth May, i8go .. .. .. 211 ANNUAL SUMMER MEETING, SHREWSBURY, I7th and iSth June, 1890.. 212 VISIT TO URICONIUM, HAUGHMOND ABBEY, BATTLEFIELD, &c. .. 215 BI-MONTHLY MEETING, 28th July, i8go .. .. .. 217 BI-MONTHLY MEETING, 2gth September, i8go .. .. .. 218 HALLATON CHURCH, AND THE RECENT DISCOVERIES THERE, by Colonel Bellairs .. .. .. .. .. ..218 BI-MONTHLY MEETING, 24th November, 1890 .. .. .. 222 THE FAMILY OF GOODACRE, OF LEICESTERSHIRE, by Hugh Goodacre, Esq. 223 THE PARISH REGISTERS OF ST. NICHOLAS, LEICESTER, (Continued from page 200), by the Rev. T. W. Owen, M.A. .. .. .. 227 SOME FURTHER NOTES ON THE FAMILY OF BAINBRIGGE, OF LOCKINGTON, by the Rev. W. G. D. Fletcher, M.A., F.S.A. .. .. .. 233 THE LEICESTERSHIRE ARCHITECTURAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOCIETY, 1890. patrons. His Grace the DUKE OF RUTLAND, K.G., G.C.B. The Eight Eev. the LORD BISHOP OF PETERBOROUGH, D.D. The High Sheriff of Leicestershire. The Worshipful the Mayor of Leicester. The Most Noble the Marquis of Granby, M.P. The Eight Honourable the Earl Howe, C.B. The Eight Honourable the Earl of Denbigh. The Right Honourable the Earl Ferrers. The Eight Honourable the Earl of Dysart. The Eight Honourable the Earl of Lanesborough. The Kight Honourable Lord Braye. The Eight Eev.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparative Study of the Lives of Church of Ireland and Roman Catholic Clergy in the South-Eastern Dioceses of Ireland from 1550 to 1650
    A comparative study of the lives of Church of Ireland and Roman Catholic clergy in the south-eastern dioceses of Ireland from 1550 to 1650 by ÁINE HENSEY, BA Thesis for the degree of PhD Department of History National University of Ireland Maynooth Supervisor of Research: Professor Colm Lennon Head of Department: Professor Marian Lyons May 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Acknowledgements ii Abbreviations iv Introduction 1 Chapter One: ‘Tender youths:’ the role of education in the formation and 15 development of the clergy Chapter Two: 60 Material Resources: the critical importance of property and other sources of income in the empowerment of the clergy Chapter Three: 138 The clergy in the community Chapter Four: 211 Church of Ireland institutional support and organisation Chapter Five: 253 Roman Catholic institutional support and organisation Conclusion 318 Appendix 1: 334 A database of Roman Catholic priests believed to be working in the south-eastern dioceses between 1557 and 1650 Bibliography 386 i Acknowledgements I would like to acknowledge the support and co-operation of staff in the following research facilities: the Manuscripts Room and Early Printed Books Department of Trinity College, Dublin; the Royal Irish Academy; the Representative Church Body Library; Lambeth Palace Library, London; the county libraries in Carlow, Kilkenny and Wexford; the significant online resources of Waterford County Library; and the Russell and John Paul II libraries in NUI Maynooth. I would like to add a special word of thanks to an tAth Séamus de Bhál, archivist at St Peter’s College, Wexford, to Fr David Kelly, archivist of the Irish Augustinians, and to Dr Jason McHugh for generously sharing his research on the Catholic clergy of the Dublin archdiocese in the seventeenth century.
    [Show full text]
  • Scotch and Irish Seeds in American Soil
    Scotch and Irish Seeds In American Soil: THE EARLY HISTORY OF THE SCOTCH AND IRISH CHURCHES, AND THEIR RELATIONS TO THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF AMERICA. BY THE Rev. J. G. CRAIGHEAD, D.D. PHILADELPHIA: PRESBYTERIAN BOARD OF PUBLICATION, No. 1334 Chestnut Stkeet. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1878, by THE TRUSTEES OF THE PRESBYTERIAN BOARD OF PUBLICATION, In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. .- Westcott & Thomson, Stereotypers and Electrotypers, Philada. PREFACE. Two objects have been before my mind while preparing this volume: First, to show the indebtedness of the Amer- ican Presbyterian Church to the churches of Scotland and Ireland for the elements which entered into its original constitution, as also for its subsequent rapid growth and influence. In attempting this it was thought to be more im- portant to bring clearly to view the principles and character of the ministers and members of those churches who came to this country, and iden- tified themselves with the Presbyterian Church, than simply to point out their number or the *^ periods of their arrival. Numbers alone might £ have been of comparatively little value, as they might have proved the means of discord, and ^ consequently a source of weakness rather than j of strength. But if the character of a people is : > strong, reliable, courageous, based on correct prin- 3 3751 4 rREFACE. ciples and built up into symmetry by conscientious adherence to convictions of right and duty, their numbers may be small and yet their influence be powerful and permanent. If, then, we would understand how valuable was the contribution that Scotland and Ireland made to the Presbyterian ism of this country, we must consider the previous religious condition of each, and the influences, favorable or otherwise, under which the religious life of the people was developed.
    [Show full text]