98 ECO-CHRONICLE

ECO CHRONICLE ISSN: 0973-4155 RNI No. KERENG/2006/19177 Vol. 14, No. 1, March, 2019 PP: 98 - 108 Review Article

CHECKLIST ON PARASITIC ISOPODS INFECTING FARMED FISHES

Athira Radhakrishnan and Balamurali, R. S. Postgraduate Department of Zoology & Research centre, Mahatma Gandhi College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT A checklist on parasitic isopods (Crustacea) infecting farmed fishes was compiled from records published between1979 to 2018. The checklist was arranged alphabetically, providing family details and authentic names of parasite species, details of host, its capture sites, author details and the date of publication. A total of 109 host species belonging to 48 families are listed. The list has been made exhaustive by bringing parasites which are not identified to species level; parasite species which are not having host data or parasites whose locality was unknown. Key words: Crustacea, Check list, Parasitic Isopods, Farmed fishes.

INTRODUCTION

Parasitic crustaceans are among the most harmful Isopods belong to the superorder Peracarida, which pests of marine, estuarine and fresh water fishes. contains approximately 50% of all described Certain parasitic species cause mass infestation and crustaceans. The order Isopoda contains about 9500 mortality in various fish culture systems, sometimes species that inhabit marine, fresh water and terrestrial in nature, resulting in considerable economic losses. ecosystems. The pathological conditions resulting from Fish culture now includes raising fish not only in man- parasitic infection often reach a significant extent under made ponds and tanks, but also in cages and pens both natural and controlled conditions in aquaculture. built or suspended in large bodies of water such as Loss of weight, loss of fat content and changes in the reservoirs, lakes, and even in marine coastal areas. water content of various tissues affect growth, The practice of introducing infected fish into large metabolism, reproduction and visceral mass, and also water bodies’ results in the transfer of parasites from result in abnormal behavior of the host (Lester and the introduced fish to the wild populations, and vice Roubal, 1995). The commercial aspects of harvesting versa. Parasites introduced into the water body fishes and crustaceans are greatly influenced by the through fish may become established in the natural presence of parasitic isopods on these hosts. As fish populations of the water body. Measures and decapod farming become more widespread, the recommended for eradicating the parasites are often effects of parasitic isopods should become more inapplicable or impractical in large water bodies. To apparent (Kabata, 1984). Weight loss reduces the protect large aquatic bodies against dangerous volume of the catch without reducing the number of parasitic species, entry of the parasites into the aquatic fish and also the poor quality fish are less acceptable habitat must be prevented. In fish culture systems, to the customer (Sinderman, 1958; Sparks, 1972; high stocking density is among the most important Murchalam, 1980), resulting in economic losses. factors facilitating disease outbreaks. When Parasitic diseases in fishes seriously limit aquaculture environmental conditions become more favorable for production and its economic viability. Knowledge of fish the mass reproduction of the parasites, the disease diseases and parasites is essential for successful may spread very quickly from one individual to another. aquaculture. ECO-CHRONICLE 99

Table 1. Parasite-host list Family of Species Hosts Localities Authors parasite ChanosChanos Philippine Kabata (1985) Del Mundo et. al. Nile Tilapia Philippines (1996) Oreochromis niloticus Ophiocara aporos Philippine Lopez (2001) Apogon thermalis Lakes silvery theraponid Red tilapia Thailand Chinabut (2002) (Oreochromis niloticus) Tialapia Bangladesh Mc. Andrew (2002) Vellar Tilapia mossambica estuary, Rameshkumar, (Cichlidae) Southeast (2010) coast of India Chana marulius Alitropus typus Chanda baculis Cirrhinus mrigala Crossocheilus lalius Cyprinus carpio Gudusia chapra Chashma Labeo calbasu Lake, Iftikhar Ahmad, et.al. Aegidae Labeo gonius northwest of (2016) Labeo rohita Pakistan. Notopterus notopterus Ompok pabda Puntius sophore Sperata sarwari Wallago attu Xenentodon cancilla Southern Stepien and Brusca Cirolana diminuta Seabass California (1985) Sattar island Asian seabass, in the Cochin (Lates calcarifer) backwaters, Sanil et al. (2009) Cirolanidae southwest coast of India Rabbit fish (Siganus Nerocilia sp Chua (1979) rivulatus Sea bass Diana pond in Bragoni et al. (1983) dicentrarchus labrax corsica Nerocila orbignyi Diana pond in Bragoni et al. wild mullet corsica (1984) Salmo salar Alvarado et al. (1990) Tothoa gaudichaudii farms in Ceratothoa gaudichaudii Salmo salar Salmon Roa (1992) Tothoa gaudichaudii farms chile

Province of Ceratothoa gaudichaudii Salmo salar Roa (1992) llanquihue. Salmo salar Ceratothoa gaudichaudii Salmon Inostroza et al. (1993) farms chile Salmo salar Ceratothoa gaudichaudii Salmon Sievers et al. (1996) farms chile Emetha audouini Sea bass Sea bass Papapanagiotou et al. Emetha audouini Sea bass farms in (1999) juveniles Sparidae greece Cymathoidae Centracanthidae Sea bass Sea bass Ceratothoa oestroides (Dicentrarchus labrax) farms in Saruˇsic.(1999) sea bream croatia Cymathoa oestrum Salmon Caribbean Williams Jr & 100 ECO-CHRONICLE

Table 1. Parasite-host list Family of Species Hosts Localities Authors parasite Sea bass Sea bass Ceratothoa oestroides (Dicentrarchus labrax) farms in Saruˇsic.(1999) sea bream croatia Salmon Williams Jr & Cymathoa oestrum Caribbean Bunkley-Williams Caranx lugubris (2000) seabass (Dicentrarchus Mediterranea Athanassopoulou Anilocra physodes labrax L) n region (2001) Gilthead sea bream Papapanagiotou and Ceratothoa parallela Greece sparus aurata Trilles (2001) Turkish sea bass Tammy Horton and Ceratothoa oestroides Turkey (dicentrarchus labrax) Beth Okamura (2001) Dicentrarchus labrax Aegean sea Tammy Horton and Ceratothoa oestroides near Sparus auratus Beth Okamura (2001) çesme. Sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) Ivona Mladineo Ceratothoa oestroides Croatia sea bream (Sparus (2003) aurata) Sea bream (sparus Tammy Horton and Ceratothoa oestroides Turkey auratus) Beth Okamura (2003) Ichthyoxenus amurensis Batasi Bangladesh Chandra (2006) Cymathoidae Cymothoidae gen sp Kukurjib Isopoda gen. sp. Catla, Silong Asian seabass (lates calcarifer) Rajkumar, et.al. Cymothoa indica India Catfish (mystus gulio) (2005) Larvae of the asian seabass Hemiramphus Glossobius hemiramphi South florida Bakenhaster (2006) brasiliensis Sea Panos varvarigos Ceratothoa oestroides Greece bream (sparus auratus) (Year not given) Ceratothoa oestroides,

anilocra physodes, Sea bass and/or sea Greece Vagianou. s.t. (2006) nerocila orbignyi, bream emetha audouini, Ceratothoa parallela Karingalakkandy Cymothoa sp fin fish India Poochirian (2008) Parangipettai Ravi and Rajkumar Cymathoa indica Oxyurichthys microlepis coastal (2007) waters Mediterranea Athanassopoulo, C. oestroides Dicentrarchus labrax L. n aquaculture et.al.(2001) Nerocila sp Seabass India Sobhana (2009) Vellar Tilapia mossambica estuary, Rameshkumar. G. Cymothoa indica (Cichlidae) Southeast (2010) coast of India Farms in Sea bass dicentrarchus Ceratothoa oestroides middle Čolak. (2012) labrax adriatic sea. Eastern Ceratothoa oestroides Argyrosomus regius Čolak (2017) Adriatic Sea Pacific bluefin tuna, Kazuya Nagasawa Nerocila phaiopleura Japan and Sho shirakashi Thunnus orientalis, (2017) South Williams, Jr & Gnathia Eels and salmonids america Bunkley-Williams ECO-CHRONICLE 101

Table 1. Parasite-host list Family of Species Hosts Localities Authors parasite Williams, Jr & South Gnathia Eels and salmonids Bunkley-Williams america (2000) Gnathia Seabass. India Sobhana 2009 Sea bream (Sparus aurata Linnaeus), White sea bream (Diplodus sargus Linnaeus), Coral Hispano, et.al. Gnathia maxillaris Saddle bream (Oblada Barcelona (2014) Gnathidae melanura Linnaeus), Giant goby (Gobius cobitis Pallas) Conger [Conger conger (Linnaeus)]

MATERIALS AND METHODS Parasitic isopods are the dominant group, belonging to the crustacean ectoparasites infecting fish. Recently the The list of parasitic isopods in farmed fishes was based parasites have been recognized as an important on extensive search of published records. The available component of global biodiversity and research efforts published literature present in the form of research directed towards their documentation has increased. articles, monographs, books, species checklists and Parasites affected fish health, growth, behavior, fecundity technical reports for the period 1979to 2018 were and mortality and also regulate host population dynamics reviewed. Several library visits were carried out. The and their community structure. These parasites are nomenclature given in the records have been updated. blood-feeding. Several species settle in the buccal cavity Species names mentioned in the checklist follow Brusca, of fish, others live in the gill chamber or on the body Coelho and Taiti (2001). The species of isopod parasites surface, including the fins. Parasites can substantially are arranged according to taxonomic categories, within alter host fitness by negatively affecting physiological, which the families are presented in alphabetical order, behavioral and morphological trait. Isopods infect many followed by hosts (valid names and synonyms), localities species of commercially important fishes around the and references (ascending order of years). In addition, world and cause significant economic losses. Maximum the checklist also included parasite species identified number of species until now was found on the branchial only at the genus level. Records by different authors of chamber (37), 30 were attached in the body surface and the same parasite species inhabiting the same or 24 in the buccal cavity. Some buccal or branchial different fish species are arranged. The host-parasite parasites were often reported moving out of their normal list was also arranged alphabetically, according to localization, particularly after the capture of host. In taxonomic categories. The fish taxonomy follows the Fish future, it will be necessary to report exactly the standard Base (Froese and Pauly, 2011). Specific distributions of localization of the collected parasites. parasite species in host fishes are arranged in alphabetic order. CONCLUSION RESULTS AND DISCUSSION By reviewing the studies reported about the isopod This checklist was compiled from records published infestation in farmed fishes, Most reports have focused within the period 1979 to 2018. The present paper on Adriatic sea, Aegean sea, Bangladesh, Barcelona, provides an updated taxonomic list of species of parasitic California, Caribbean, Corsica, Croatia, Greece, India, isopods from farmed fishes (23 species belonging to 4 Japan, Mediterranean region, Philippine, Province of families). The parasite species of families Aegidae, llanquihue, South America, South Florida and Thailand. Cymothoidae, Cirolanidae and Gnathiidae have been Studies by Pillai, Tammy Horton and Beth Okamura, reported. Majority of isopods listed were belonging to Williams etc gave a greater contribution into the field of the family Cymothoidae. Results are presented as a isopod parasitology. Continuous efforts from various parasite-host list (Table 1) and a host-parasite list (Table parts of the world were made to study the isopod fauna. 2). The specific distribution of species in host fishes is A proper understanding of the parasitic isopod also recorded (Table 3). infestation, their prevention and control measures, the 102 ECO-CHRONICLE

Table 2. Host-parasite list (Names of fishes are in taxonomical order) Host fish Parasite species Order Family Genus Species Trachinocephalus Aulopiformes Synodontidae Trachinocephalus Cymothoa indica myops Anguilliformes Muraenidae Strophidon Strophidon sathete Anopsilana sp. Cymothoa frontalis Tylosurus leiurus Lironeca puhi Mothocya renardi Strongylura Cymothoa frontalis Strongylura strongylura Mothocyakarobran Belonidae Mothocya collettei Tylosurus crocodilus Mothocya renardi Tylosurus crocodilus Cymothoa parupenei Nerocila exocoeti Exocoetus Exocoetus volitans Nerocila trichiura Exocoetidae Cypselurus Cypselurus oligolepis Glossobius auritus Glossobius imbricatus Parexocoetus Parexocoetus mento Nerocila exocoeti Ceratothoa retusa Codonophilus hemiramphi Hemiramphus far Glossobius hemiramphi Beloniformes Mothocya far Hemiramphus Glossobius Hemiramphus lutkei hemiramphi Hemiramphus Mothocya Hemiramphidae marginatus plagulophora Rhynchorhamphus Rhynchorhamphus Nerocila exocoeti malabaricus Hyporhamphus Hyporhamphus Ceratothoa angulata dussumieri Hyporhamphus Codonophilussp. xanthopterus Chirocentrus dorab Nerocila phaiopleura Chirocentridae Chirocentrus Chirocentrus nudus Nerocila phaiopleura Amblygaster leiogaster Livoneca circularis Nerocila phaiopleura Nerocila pigmentata Amblygaster Amblygaster sirm Ryukyua circularis Livoneca circularis Anodontostoma Anilocra dimidiata Anodontostoma chacunda Indusa pustulosa Agarnasp. Joryma brachysoma Escualosa Escualosa thoracata Nerocila loveni Hilsa Hilsa kelee Joryma hilsae Agarna malayi Nematalosa Nematalosa nasus Nerocila pigmentata Livoneca redmani Sardinella albella Nerocila phaiopleura Nerocila sp. Agarna brachysoma Clupeidae Sardinella brachysoma Nerocila phaiopleura Sardinella fimbriata Nerocila trivittata Clupeiformes Nerocila depressa Nerocila phaiopleura Sardinella gibbosa Norileca triangulate Sardinella Ryukyua globosa Anilocra dimidiate Sardinella longiceps Nerocila phaiopleura Sardinella sindensis Nerocila phaiopleura Tenualosa ilisha Nerocila phaiopleura Agarna malayi Tenualosa Tenualosa toil Anilocra leptosoma ECO-CHRONICLE 103

Table 2. Host-parasite list (Names of fishes are in taxonomical order) Host fish Parasite species Order Family Genus Species Dussumieria acuta Nerocila phaiopleura Dussumieriidae Dussumieria Dussumieria Nerocila trivittata elopsoides Coilia Coilia dussumieri Nerocila depressa Stolephorus Joryma hilsae Stolephorus commersonnii Livoneca redmani Agarna engraulidis Thryssa dussumieri Nerocila phaiopleura Nerocila loveni Thryssa malabarica Engraulidae Nerocila phaiopleura Thryssa Nerocila pigmentata Thryssa mystax Nerocila phaiopleura Agarna engraulidis Clupeiformes Thryssa setirostris Joryma engraulidis Ilisha megaloptera Catoessa boscii Anilocra leptosoma Anilocra longicauda Joryma sawayah Joryma tartoor Ilisha Ilisha melastoma Nerocila phaiopleura Nerocila sundaica Agarna tardoore Pristigasteridae Nerocila depressa Opisthopterus Opisthopterus tardoore Nerocila phaiopleura Joryma hilsae Pellona Pellona ditchela Joryma sawayah Cypriniformes Cyprinidae Cyprinus Cyprinus carpio Alitropus typus Cyprinodontiformes Poecilidae Poecilia Poecilia reticulate Alitropus typus Nerocila madrasensis Olencira praegustator Elopiformes Elopidae Elops Elops machnata Pentidotea resecata Chanos Chanos chanos Cymothoa krishnai Channa orientalis Alitropus typus Gonorhynchi- Channidae Channa punctate Alitropus typus formes Channa Channa striata Alitropus typus Myliobatiformes Mobulinae Mobula Mobula mobular Barybrotes indus Ambassidae Ambassis Ambassis ambassis Nerocila longispina Anabantidae Anabas Anabas testudineus Alitropus typus Carangoides Catoessa boscii Carangoides malabaricus Nerocila depressa Carangoides oblongus Cymothoa eremita Glossobius sp. Decapterus Decapterus russelli Nerocila phaiopleura Joryma tartoor Cymothoa eremite Parastromateus Parastromateus niger Nerocila phaiopleura Nerocila sigani Carangidae Selar Selar Norileca indica crumenophthalmus Nerocila depressa Nerocila phaiopleura Selaroide Selaroide leptolepis Nerocila sundiaca Perciformes Gnathia sp. Chaetodontidae Heniochus Heniochus acuminatus (Pranzia larvae) Cymothoa indica Etroplus maculatus Alitropus typus Etroplus Cymothoa indica Etroplus suratensis Cichlidae Alitropus typus Oreochromis Oreochromis Alitropus typus mossambicus Gerres Gerres erythrourus Glossobius sp. 104 ECO-CHRONICLE

Table 2. Host-parasite list (Names of fishes are in taxonomical order) Host fish Parasite species Order Family Genus Species Agarna sp. Glossogobius Glossogobius giuris Alitropus typus Cymothoa indica Gerreidae Oxyurichthys Oxyurichthys Cymothoa indica microlepis Stigmatogobius Stigmatogobius minima Cymothoa indica Nerocila loveni Haemulidae Pomadasys Pomadasys maculatus Nerocila sundaica Istiophoridae Istiophorus Istiophorus platyptrus Nerocila phaiopleura Cirolana fluviatilis Latidae Lates Lates calcarifer Cymothoa indica Nerocila loveni Catoessa gruneri Eubleekeria Eubleekeria splendens Nerocila phaiopleura Gazza Gazza minuta Nerocila phaiopleura Leiognathidae Leiognathus sp. Secutor Secutor insidiator Norileca indica Lutjanus Lutianus Cymothoa krishnai argentimaculatus Lutjanidae Lutjanus Lutjanus johnii Cymothoa krishnai Lutjanus Lutjanus rivulatus Argathona Macronema Moolgarda Moolgarda seheli Cymothoa eremita Agarna malayi Indusa malayi Valamugil cunnesius Valamugil Indusa ophueseni Mugilidae Valamugil speigleri Agarna malayi Liza Liza parsia Nerocila phaiopleura Perciformes Mullidae Upeneus Upeneus sulphureus Livoneca sp. Nemipterus japonicus Nerocila arres Nemipteridae Nemipterus Nemipterus randalli Nerocila sp. Pseudosphromenus Osphronemidae Pseudosphromenus Alitropus typus cupanus Eleutheronema Anilocra longicauda Polynemidae Eleutheronema tetradactylum Cymothoa krishnai Priacanthidae Priacanthus Priacanthus hamrur Nerocila priacanthusi Sciaenidae Otolithes Otolithes ruber Nerocila sundaica Norileca indica Joryma brachysoma Rastrelliger Rastrelliger kanagurta Nerocila phaiopleura Scomberomorus Scomberomorus Nerocila phaiopleura guttatus Epinephelus Epinephelus Argathona Macronema Scombridae malabaricus Mycteroperca Mycteroperca Argathona sp. acutirostris Paranthias Paranthias furcifer Nerocila acuminata Sciaenidae Otolithes Otolithes cuvieri Cymothoa bosii Siganidae Siganus Siganus canaliculatus Nerocila sigani Cymothoa indica Sphyraena jello Nerocila phaiopleura Sphyraenidae Sphyraena Amblycephalon indicus Sphyraena obtusata Cymothoa indica Stromateidae Pampus Pampus argenteus Cymothoa cinerea Terapon jarbua Nerocila sundiaca Terapontidae Terapon Terapon theraps Nerocila sigani Trichiuridae Trichiurus Trichiurus lepturus Glossobius sp. Laeops Pleuronectiformes Bothidae Laeops Pseudirona laeopsi macrophthalmus Samaridae Samaris Samaris cristatus Elthusa samariscii Scorpaeniformes Platycephalidae Platycephalus Platycephalus indicus Cymothoa krishnai ECO-CHRONICLE 105

Table 2. Host-parasite list (Names of fishes are in taxonomical order) Host fish Parasite species Order Family Genus Species Hexanematichthys Ariinae Hexanematichthys Nerocila serra sagor Arius jella Nerocila orbignyi Nerocila trichiura Arius Arius maculatus Nerocila serra Ariidae Cymothoa krishnai Siluriformes Nemapteryx Nemapteryx nenga Nerocila trivittata Alitropus typus Bagridae Mystus Mystus gulio Cymothoa indica Plotosidae Plotosus Plotosus canius Nerocila pulicatensis Syngnathiformes Fistulariidae Fistularia Fistularia petimba Cymothoa bychowskyi Table 3. Specific distribution of species in host fishes

Branchial parasites Buccal parasites Body surface parasites Agarna brachysoma Agarna malayi Agarna engraulidis Agarna engraulidis Anopsilana sp Amblycephalon indicus Agarna malayi Barybrotes indus Anilocra leptosoma Agarna pustulosa Catoessa boscii Anilocra longicauda Alitropus typus Ceratothoa angulata Anilocra dimidiate Anopsilana sp Ceratothoa imbricata Anopsilana sp Catoessa boscii Ceratothoa retusa Argathona Macronema Catoessa gruneri Codonophilus hemiramphi Cymothoa indica Cymothoa frontalis Cymothoa assymetrica Glossobius imbricatus Cymothoa indica Cymothoa bychowskyi Ichthyoxenus montanus Cymothoa krishnai Cymothoa cinerea Joryma brachysoma Elthusa raynaudii Cymothoa eremita Livoneca sp. Elthusa samariscii Cymothoa frontalis Nerocila acuminata Glossobius auritus Cymothoa indica Nerocila arres Glossobius hemiramphi Cymothoa krishnai Nerocila depressa Indusa malayi Cymothoa parupenei Nerocila exocoeti Joryma brachysoma Glossobius auritus Nerocila phaeopleura Joryma engraulidis Glossobius hemiramphi Nerocila poruvae Joryma hilsae Gnathia sp. Nerocila longispina Joryma tartoor Indusa pustulosa Nerocila loveni Joryma sawayah Joryma brachysoma Nerocila pigmentata Livoneca circularis Mothocya renardi Nerocila priacanthusi Lironeca puhi Norileca indica Nerocila pulicatensis Livoneca redmani Nerocila recurvispina Mothocya collettei Nerocila serra Mothocya far Nerocila sigani Mothocyakarobran Nerocila sundaica Mothocya plagulophora Nerocila trichiura Mothocya renardi Nerocila trivittata Nerocila phaeopleura Pseudirona laeopsi Norileca indica Norileca triangulate Olencira praegustator Ourozeuktes bopyroides Pentidotea resecata Pseudirona laeopsi Ryukyua circularis Ryukyua globose 106 ECO-CHRONICLE

Table 4. Localities cited in the records listed pathological changes they induced in the host fish etc are very important while considering the economic Study sites Author of the work aspects of aquaculture.

Adriatic sea Čolak. (2012)&(2017) Several host fish are infested by a single species of (Middle) &Eastern Adriatic Sea isopod while some other fishes are parasitized by more Aegean sea near Tammy Horton and Beth than one species of parasitic isopods. The specific çesme. Okamura (2001) distribution include, body surface, the branchial Bangladesh Mc. Andrew(2002) chamber and the buccal cavity of the host fishes. A Chandra (2006) maximum of species were found on the branchial Barcelona Coral Hispano, et.al. (2014) chamber is 37, 30 were attached in the body surface California Stepien and Brusca (1985) Caribbean Williams Jr & Bunkley-Williams and only 24 in the buccal cavity. A thorough (2000) understanding of pathogens, disease process, Corsica Bragoni et al. (1983), (1984). diagnosis, epidemiology and control measures are Croatia Saruˇsic.(1999) essential for better health management of farmed fishes Ivona Mladineo (2003) and successful aquaculture. Greece Papapanagiotou et al. (1999),(2001) REFERENCES Panos varvarigos (Year not given) Alvarado, V., Schäfer, J. W., Enriquez, R., Monras, M., Vagianou. s.t. (2006) 1990. Salmonicultura en Chile, estado actual, India Rajkumar, et.al. (2005) proyecciones yestado sanitario. Medio Ambiente 11, pp: Karingalakkandy Poochirian 9–14. (2008) Ravi and Rajkumar (2007) Athanassopoulou, F., Bouboulis, D., Martinsen, B., 2001. Sobhana (2009) In vitro treatments of deltamethrin against the isopod Rameshkumar. G. (2010) Japan Kazuya Nagasawa and Sho parasite Ceratothoa oestroides, a pathogen of sea bass shirakashi (2017) Dicentrar- chus labrax L. Bull Eur Assoc Fish Pathol 21, Mediterranean Athanassopoulou (2001) pp:26–29. region Philippine Kabata (1985) Bakenhaster, Micah & McBride, Richard & Price, Wayne, Del Mundo et. al. (1996) 2009. Life History of Glossobius Hemiramphi (Isopoda: Lopez (2001) Province of Roa (1992) Cymothoidae): Development, Reproduction, and llanquihue. Symbiosis with Its Host Hemiramphus Brasiliensis South America Williams, Jr & Bunkley- (Pisces: Hemiramphidae). Journal of Crustacean Williams (2000) Biology. 26. 283-294. 10.1651/C-2573.1. South Florida Bakenhaster (2006) Thailand Chinabut (2002) Bragoni, G., Romestand, B., Trilles, J. Turkey Tammy Horton and Beth P. 1983. Parasitoses à Cymothoadien Okamura (2001), (2003) chez le loup (Dicentrarchus labrax Lin- naeus, 1758) en élevage. II. Fig 1. World Map showing localities cited in the records listed. Ecophysiologie parasitairedans le cas de l’étang de Diana (Haute-Corse). Ann Para-sitol Hum Comp 58(6), pp: 593– 609 (English Abstract)

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