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Terrestrial Vegetation and Soils Monitoring at Fort Davis National Historic Site Status Report

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Terrestrial Vegetation and Soils Monitoring at Fort Davis National Historic Site Status Report National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Terrestrial Vegetation and Soils Monitoring at Fort Davis National Historic Site Status Report Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/CHDN/NRTR—2013/753 ON THE COVER Vegetation and soils monitoring at Fort Davis NHS (with Fort Davis in the background). Photograph courtesy of Chihuahuan Desert Network. Terrestrial Vegetation and Soils Monitoring at Fort Davis National Historic Site Status Report Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/CHDN/NRTR—2013/753 Authors Cheryl L. McIntyre National Park Service - Chihuahuan Desert Network 3655 Research Dr., Genesis Building D Las Cruces, NM 88003 Sarah E. Studd National Park Service - Sonoran Desert Network 12661 E. Broadway Blvd. Tucson, AZ 85748 Editor Nina Chambers Chihuahuan Desert Inventory & Monitoring Network Las Cruces, NM 88003 June 2013 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate high-priority, current natural resource management information with managerial application. The series targets a general, diverse audience, and may contain NPS policy considerations or address sensitive issues of management applicability. All manuscripts in the series receive the appropriate level of peer review to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and designed and published in a professional manner. Data in this report were collected and analyzed using methods based on established, peer-reviewed protocols and were analyzed and interpreted within the guidelines of the protocols. This report received informal peer review by subject matter experts who were not directly involved in the collection, analysis, or reporting of the data. Views, statements, findings, conclusions, recommendations, and data in this report do not necessarily reflect views and policies of the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the U.S. Government. This report is available from the Chihuahuan Desert Network website (http://science.nature.nps. gov/im/units/chdn/) and the Natural Resource Publications Management website (http://www. nature.nps.gov/publications/nrpm/). Please cite this publication as: McIntyre, C. L. and S. E. Studd. 2013. Terrestrial vegetation and soils monitoring at Fort Davis National Historic Site: status report. Natural Resource Technical Report NPS/CHDN/NRTR– 2013/753. National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado. NPS 418/12, June 20896013 ii Terrestrial Vegetation and Soils Monitoring: Fort Davis National Historic Site Contents Executive Summary .........................................................................................................ix Acknowledgments ..........................................................................................................x List of Acronyms ..............................................................................................................xi 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................1 1.1 Background ....................................................................................................................1 1.2 Goals and Objectives ......................................................................................................1 1.3 Scope of this Report .......................................................................................................2 1.4 Overview of Terrestrial Ecosystems at Fort Davis NHS .................................................2 1.4.1 Park Establishment and Purpose................................................................................................2 1.4.2 Biogeographic and Physiographic Context ................................................................................2 1.4.3 Local Geology and Soils ............................................................................................................3 1.4.3.1 Biological Soil Crusts ......................................................................................................4 1.4.3.2 Site and Soil Stability ......................................................................................................4 1.4.5 Climate .....................................................................................................................................5 1.4.6 Army Occupation of Fort Davis ................................................................................................6 1.4.7 Other Long-term Monitoring and Related Ecological Research at Fort Davis NHS .......................6 1.5 Leading Natural Resource Management Issues at Fort Davis NHS .............................8 1.5.1 Invasive Exotic Plants .................................................................................................................8 1.5.2 Fire ...........................................................................................................................................8 1.5.3 Historic Landscape ....................................................................................................................8 1.5.4 Adjacent Land Use ..................................................................................................................10 2 Methods ......................................................................................................................11 2.1 Response Design ..........................................................................................................11 2.1.1 Vegetation and Soil Cover, Line-point Intercept .......................................................................11 2.1.2 Vegetation Frequency, Subplots ..............................................................................................12 2.1.3 Soil Aggregate Stability ...........................................................................................................12 2.1.4 Biological Soil Crust Cover and Frequency, Point Quadrats ......................................................12 2.1.5 Soil and Site Characterization .................................................................................................12 2.2 Sampling Design ..........................................................................................................12 2.2.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................12 2.2.2 Spatial Balance .......................................................................................................................14 2.2.3 Sampling Frame ......................................................................................................................14 2.2.4 Management Assessment Points as the Link Between Science and Management ....................14 2.2.5 Statistical Power to Distinguish Status from Management Assessment Points ..........................15 2.2.6 Statistical Power to Detect Trends ...........................................................................................16 2.2.7 Evaluation of Strata ................................................................................................................16 3 Results ......................................................................................................................17 3.1 Evaluation of Strata, Fire Effects, and Species Detectability .....................................17 3.1.1 Were the Strata Effective? ......................................................................................................17 3.1.2 Evaluation of Potential Fire Effects...........................................................................................17 3.1.3 Plant Species Detectability ......................................................................................................17 3.2 Vegetation ....................................................................................................................17 3.2.1 Cover and Frequency of Exotic Species ...................................................................................17 3.2.2 Cover of Plant Lifeforms ........................................................................................................21 3.2.3 Cover and Frequency of Perennial Plant Species .....................................................................22 3.2.4 Patterns of Vegetation Similarity .............................................................................................23 3.3 Soils ...............................................................................................................................25 3.3.1 Soil Stability ...........................................................................................................................25 3.3.2 Soil Cover ..............................................................................................................................25
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