Title X Philosophy Coercive Sex • Science based health advice/promotion • Forced sex acts • Emphasis on self determination –Slight acquaintance • Respect for individuals – • Promotion of reproductive responsibility • Voluntary sex acts • Family planning not just contraception –Statutory • Accessibility to a wide range of FP methods –Voluntary but feel no other choice • Knowledgeable workers

In Medieval England Are Alabama Teens 700 years ago… Sexually Active? • Ever had intercourse: • Illegal to “ravish” a maiden –55% males, 47% females –Under the age of 12 • Four or more partners: –WITH or WITHOUT her –21% males, 10% females

• First intercourse before age 13: –13% males, 5% female

AL Teen Details Statutory Rape Key Concept: Ages 10-19 • 11,518 total teen “Voluntary” (willingness) • 5,777 out of wedlock births (~70%) vs • 2,570 got less than adequate prenatal care “Consensual” • 1,428 low birth weight babies (able to consent under the law)

• 3,696 and pregnancy losses (~30%)

1 Teens in Statutory Rape Relationships Statutory Rape as First Sex Are More Likely to Meet Partner • First sex for 14% girls, 5% boys Outside of Social Networks • Casual relationship 38% girls, 83% Sttattuttory RapeOtther Sexualllly Experiienced boys 60% 49% –With agemates: 19% girls, 45% 50% 42% boys 40% 36% 34% • 44% of girls get pregnant 30% –With agemates: 26% 20% • Girls whose first sex was statutory 10% rape have more repeat teen 0% pregnancies Femalle Malle

Teens and Adult Partners He's 13 She's 34 • Low self esteem • Low level of education • Emotional immaturity Dad's 14 • Married 2005, he’s 22, she’s 43; two • Irresponsibility children • Lack of proper male or female role • In 2006, Vili sentenced for drunk models driving. “Plans to get his GED, and is • Lack of resources to care for negotiating with an art gallery to show possible offspring his work.”

Females and Males in Effects of by a Statutory Rape First Relationships are More Likely to Drop Out of High School* Female Offender On Males Sttattuttorry Rape Ottherr Sexualllly Experriienced • Threat to the victim’s masculine 50% 40% gender identity 40% 29% 30% • Exaggerated masculine role 20% 16% 20% 14% characteristics 10% 0% • May become more aggressive and Femalles Malles *Measured as males and females aged 20-24 who dominant in intimate relationships completed less than 12 years of high school and did not complete a GED. with females

2 Effects of Sexual Assault by a Computers and Sex Crimes Female Offender On Males • Not a special type of offender • Sexualizing relationships with other • Computer is just a tool to facilitate actions females in authority • Increases the speed of grooming • Compulsive masturbation behaviors • Greatly increases access to potential victims • Shy and awkward around women • Supportive online community of offenders • Evidence is extractable

Alabama Legal Issues Service Providers Hesitate • Fear of breaking confidentiality with teen • What do Alabama statutes prohibit? • Fear of causing teen to abandon services • What is required to be reported? • Belief that prosecution is not the answer • How should the report be made? • Belief that nothing will be done • Overwhelmed by parents’ approval • Don’t think reporting is required

3 Psychosocial Issues 2005 Alabama Stats • Worry • 284 pregnancies of children aged 14 • Regret / and YOUNGER • Loss of self respect • Debasement of sex • If 70% result of statutory rape: 199 • Fear of commitment criminal cases • over betrayal • Ruined relationships • Escapism-self medication

Public Information Goals of Publicity • Prevent these relationships. • Statutory rape is a crime. • Change the attitude that it’s a private • Statutory rape is harmful. matter. • Provide information regarding the • Statutory rape is not “consensual” consequences. sex. • Encourage reporting to police. • Statutory rape is not a “victimless” • Explain why prosecution is crime. important.

Education of Youth Coercive Sex with Agemates • Theme of predatory sex • Dating violence- illegal • Forced sexual activity-illegal • Definition of statutory rape • Coercive is more difficult for teen to • Effects on victims and their children recognize-often not illegal • Criminal penalties –Voluntary • Ways to report –Often out of guilt –Often out of fear of social • Peer pressure as a deterrent consequences

4 Alabama Students The Undetected Rapist Physically Abused by BF/GF: • Plans crime 14% • Uses multiple strategies to make victim vulnerable

• Uses alcohol deliberately Alabama Students Forced to Have Sex • Increases violence as needed 10 % • Believes rape myths • Women are objects to be conquered

Undetected Rapist Predators: What They Do • Uses elaborate ruses to get victim 1. Violate personal space alone 2. “Social” touching • Tests victim with sexually intrusive 3. Make inappropriate remarks acts 4. Gauge responses at each step • Changes from pleasant to angry and threatening 5. Inappropriate touching 6. Often offer alcohol/drugs • Sophisticated threats of harm 7. Attempt to isolate and assault • Strong need for dominance 8. the victim • Uses body weight and restraint

How to Respond to Predators How to Avoid Being a Victim • Do NOT tolerate inappropriate behavior • What did your granny tell you?? • Be clear with “NO” and “STOP” • Use assertive body language and tone • Dating older guys • NEVER be alone with predator • Being alone with dates • Expect blame from predator • Being with people you don’t know • Alcohol and drug use –Increases vulnerability • Avoid drugs/alcohol –Decreases ability to respond • Avoid places with bad reputations appropriately

5 Post Traumatic Stress PTSD: Traumatic Event Disorder (PTSD) Re-experienced • Extreme distress lasts longer than one month • Involuntary intrusive thoughts • Chronic stress for more than six months • Recurrent distressing dreams of the event • Person’s response involves intense fear, helplessness or horror • Flashback episodes • About 20% of victims will experience PTSD • Intense psychic or physical distress • Anyone can develop PTSD after trauma to cues that are like part of the event

PTSD: Emotional Numbness PTSD: Two or More Chronic Stress Symptoms • Decreased interest in important activities • Hyper alert • Feeling of detachment from others • Chronic sleep problems • Guilt • Sense of a foreshortened future • Trouble thinking –(e.g., does not expect to have a career, marriage, or a normal • Avoidance of similar situations lifespan) • Intense feeling when confronted with similar situations

Post Traumatic Stress Guilt Trip Sex Disorder • If you REALLY loved me • Victims need professional therapy. • You got me all hot; now you’re a tease • You can help by reminding victim • Susie always let me… she doesn’t deserve to live with this distress. • What’s wrong with YOU? • Look what I did for you! Can’t you • You can help by urging victim to get just…? professional help. • You did it with John ~ why not me?

6 “It’s Not Really Sex” What Are the Risks?

• Oral sex • Can lead to penile/vaginal sex • Anal sex • Disease • Mutual masturbation • All the ill effects of intimacy in teens • You won’t get pregnant! –Sad, depressed, anxious • You will still be a virgin! –Feelings of worthlessness –Isolation - no one understands • It is no big deal –Can’t go back • Every one’s doing it

Fear of Social Consequences New Ways to • Feeling of being abnormal Torment Someone Online • No one will ever want to be my friend • Refuse to “be their friend” • Everyone will think I am stupid/lame • Post ugly remarks • Ugly rumors • Post ugly photos • Harassment –Phone calls • A few mean people can wreak havoc

–Emails • Say mean things on your own –Instant messages website without identifying target

Sexual Harassment Make It STOP • Tell them to stop in writing • Physical contact • Review school harassment policy • Sexual name calling • Report per policy, chain of authority • Sexual gestures • Journal each incident • Sexual propositions –What, when, where –Witnesses • Constant flattering contact –How you felt • Same or other sex –What you did

7 v. Flirting Flirting

• Unwanted attention • Welcomed attention

• One-sided • Reciprocal/mutual

• You feel ugly or put down • Makes you feel attractive/flattered

• Feelings of powerlessness • You feel in control

• Sexual harassment is a violation of • Flirting is legal behavior in schools workplace and school rules

Resources Who Is Vulnerable? • Single parent, working full time • Nat’l Crime Victim Bar Association 202-467-8753 • High rate of residential turnover • Single mother’s dating/cohabitation • Nat’l Center for Victims of Crime status 1-800-FYI-CALL • Having older friends/boyfriends www.ncvc.org/gethelp • Older sister who gave birth • Importance of

Teen Choices Early Adolescence • Watching large amount of TV with Ages 10-14 sexual content • Peers with sexual activity • Interest in opposite sex • Dating alone • Interested in physical development • Dating older persons • Unconventional or delinquent • May begin to masturbate behavior • May begin to experiment with sex • Perceived benefits to sexual activity • Kissing/necking

8 How to Help Ages 10-14 Older Adolescents 14-19 • Reproductive education • Increased sexual interest • Abstinence planning • May struggle with sexual identity • Negotiation skills • Avoiding peer pressure • Drugs and alcohol • Academic success / life planning • May be introduced to

• Alternative “rite of passages” • Get information from peers, media • Protect from !

How to Help Ages 14-19 Conversational Approach • What do your friends think about…? • Discuss delaying sexual involvement • What have you heard about…? • Support questioning youth • What does “abstinence” mean to • Support positive peer relationships you? • Why would a person choose to • Reproductive education abstain? • Techniques to minimize conflicts • Why would a girl date an older guy?

• More concrete life planning • Why would a guy rather date a younger girl?

Life Planning Approach #1 Teachable Moment • What do you see yourself doing in • Pregnancy test visit when the test is the next year, two years, three years- negative: five years? –How do you feel about not being pregnant? (looking for motivation) • How would getting pregnant affect –What made you think you might be your plans? pregnant? (myths, sexual practices) –When would be the best time for • How would getting an STD/HIV affect you to be pregnant? (life goals and your plans? plans)

9 Helping Parents Help Teens Group Outreach Objectives • Actions speak louder than words • Clear definition of sexual coercion • Context of family beliefs/traditions • Continuum of behavior reviewed • Honest discussions of life choices • Common attitudes are identified and consequences • Parent involvement in everyday life • Attitudes challenged • Support for struggling parents by • Risk factors identified larger community: • Activities are interactive and role –Tutoring and safe activities playing –Non-tolerance of statutory rape • Model appropriate behaviors

Markers For Concern

• Adversarial sexual beliefs

• Sex role stereotyping

• Acceptance of interpersonal violence

www.teenpregnancy.org

www.acar.org

10 Speak with authority from a position of knowledge.

You are the public health professional.

Don’t be afraid to tell people what is healthy or unhealthy!

www.ojp.usdoj.gov/ovc/

Who Is a Child?

Reporting Child • A child is anyone under 18 years old!

The right thing to do… the legal thing to do…

Defining Abuse Defining Abuse

• Child abuse is harm or threatened • Abuse occurs when a child is harm to a child’s health or welfare. –Actually harmed; or Harm or threatened harm to a child’s –Subject to a serious threat of harm. health or welfare can occur through • Kinds of harm include: nonaccidental physical or mental –Physical injury injury, or attempted –Mental injury sexual abuse or sexual exploitation –Sexual abuse or attempted sexual exploitation. –Sexual exploitation

11 Defining Sexual Abuse Defining Sexual Abuse • Sexual Abuse is the employment, , inducement, enticement, or • Sexual abuse occurs any time coercion of any child to engage in, or anyone: having a child assist any other person to engage in sexually explicit conduct or any –Attempts to involve a child in a simulation of the conduct for the purpose sexual situation of any kind. of producing any visual depiction of the conduct; or the rape, molestation, –Actually does involve a child in a , or other form of sexual sexual situation of any kind. exploitation of children, or with children as those acts are defined by Alabama law.

Defining Sexual Exploitation Defining Sexual Exploitation • Sexual exploitation is allowing, • Sexual exploitation occurs when an abuser: permitting, or encouraging a child to –Directly causes a child to engage in prostitution [or] allowing, participate in prostitution or . permitting, encouraging or engaging –Allows somebody else to cause a in the obscene or pornographic child to participate in prostitution or pornography. photographing, filming or depicting –Encourages a child to participate of a child for commercial purposes. in prostitution or pornography.

Defining Neglect Defining Neglect

• Neglect is the negligent treatment or • Neglect occurs when an abuser either: maltreatment of a child, including the –Hurts a child. failure to provide adequate food, –Allows a child to suffer physical or medical treatment, supervision, mental injury through their clothing, or shelter. inaction.

12 Remember Remember • Child abuse can occur without direct • Any situation may involve several contact between the child and the abuser. different types of harm: for example, sexual abuse, mental abuse, and • Any situation may involve several neglect could all be occurring different abusers: the person who simultaneously. did the act, the person who allowed the act, and the person who encouraged the act to be performed.

Crimes You May Be Reporting What About Statutory Rape?

• By reporting an incident of • A person commits the crime of rape regardless of the appearance of suspected harm to a child, you may consent if: be reporting any combination of a –They are over sixteen and their number of crimes including: assault, partner is under twelve. rape, or child abuse. –They are over sixteen and their partner is both under sixteen and greater then two years younger then the actor.

What About Statutory Rape? Who Should Report? • A person commits the crime of • All hospitals, clinics, sanitariums, sodomy if: doctors, physicians, surgeons, medical examiners, coroners, dentists, –They are over sixteen and engage osteopaths, optometrists, chiropractors, in deviate with a podiatrists, nurses, school teachers and person under the age of sixteen. officials, peace officers, law –Deviate sexual intercourse is “any enforcement officials, pharmacists, act of sexual gratification between social workers, day care workers or persons not married to each other employees, mental health professionals, involving the sex organs of one members of the clergy…or any other person and the mouth or anus of person called upon to render aid or another.” medical assistance to a child…”

13 Who Should Report? Who Should Report? • In addition to ‘mandatory reporters,’ “any person may make such a report YOU! if such person has reasonable cause to suspect that a child is being abused or neglected.”

How Do I Report? What Do I Report?

• Immediately call your local office of • The child’s name the Department of Human Resources • The child’s location (DHR) or the police. • The names and addresses of • After you speak with DHR or the parents/guardians/caretakers police, prepare a written statement of • The character and extent of his the information to send to them. injuries

What Do I Report? Why Should I Report? • Reporting child abuse is the right • Any evidence of previous injuries to thing to do…you could help save the the child life of a child.

• Any other information that could help • Reporting child abuse is the legal establish the cause of the injuries, thing to do…there is no risk to you including the identities of the for making a report. However, failure abusers to report can subject you to up to SIX MONTHS IMPRISONMENT and a $500 FINE!

14 What If I Have Questions? • If you’re interested in reading this information, the Child Reporting Act can be found in Alabama Code Sections 26-14-1 through Alabama Code Sections 26-14-13.

• If you have any legal questions, please call the Office of General Counsel at (334) 206- 5209, and ask to speak with an attorney.

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