PAPERS of the NAACP Supplement to Part 5, Residential Segregation, General Office Files, 1956-1965
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A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of BLACK STUDIES RESEARCH SOURCES Microfilms from Major Archival and Manuscript Collections General Editors: John H. Bracey, Jr. and August Meier PAPERS OF THE NAACP Supplement to Part 5, Residential Segregation, General Office Files, 1956-1965 UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA A Guide to the Microfilm Edition of BLACK STUDIES RESEARCH SOURCES Microfilms from Major Archival and Manuscript Collections General Editors: John H. Bracey, Jr. and August Meier PAPERS OF THE NAACP Supplement to Part 5, Residential Segregation, General Office Files, 1956-1965 Edited by John H. Bracey, Jr. and August Meier Project Coordinator Randolph Boehm Guide compiled by Randolph Boehm A microfilm project of UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA An Imprint of CIS 4520 East-West Highway * Bethesda, MD 20814-3389 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. Papers of the NAACP. [microform] Accompanied by printed reel guides. Contents: pt. 1. Meetings of the Board of Directors, records of annual conferences, major speeches, and special reports, 1909-1950 / editorial adviser, August Meier; edited by Mark Fox--pt. 2. Personal correspondence of selected NAACP officials, 1919-1939 / editorial--[etc.]--pt. 19. Youth File. 1. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People--Archives. 2. Afro-Americans--Civil Rights--History--20th century--Sources. 3. Afro- Americans--History--1877-1964--Sources. 4. United States--Race relations--Sources. I. Meier, August, 1923- .II. Boehm, Randolph. III. Title. E185.61 [Microfilm] 973'.0496073 86-892185 ISBN 1-55655-545-8 (microfilm: Supplement to pt. 5) Copyright © 1996 by University Publications of America. All rights reserved. ISBN 1-55655-545-8. TABLE OF CONTENTS Scope and Content Note v Note on Sources vii Editorial Note vii Abbreviations ix Reel Index Reels 1-16 Group III, Series A, Administrative File General Office File--Housing Group III, Boxes A-154-A-170 1 Principal Correspondents Index 47 Subject Index 71 SCOPE AND CONTENT NOTE The files in this edition are the complete Housing files from Series A, "Administrative File," Group III (1956-1965), of the NAACP collection. The Administrative File constitutes the central subject file of the national office. Some related materials can be found in Legal Department Files (microfilmed by UPA as Papers of the NAACP, Part 23) and in NAACP Branch files that have not yet been microfilmed. The Housing file series is arranged in alphabetical order. Included in the alphabetical listing are the names of states, organizations, and files designated by alphabetical letters, as well as a few miscellaneous subjects. The state files comprise the largest bulk of the series and most states are represented. These files provide an in-depth view of housing discrimination and housing policies from the mid 1950s through 1965. The period witnessed the expansion of federal programs such as homeowners' mortgage assistance and urban redevelopment initiatives. These programs were undertaken, however, in the absence of federal antidiscrimination legislation. As a result, the state files are filled with complaints about racial discrimination in federal housing programs, including discrimination in loan processing, segregation in public housing, and complaints about the destruction of African American communities by local urban renewal authorities. Many southern states' files document the use of slum clearance programs to undermine public school integration accomplished by razing African American neighborhoods and relocating their occupants in segregated residential districts. The files also show that jurisdictions outside the South used urban renewal programs to destroy African American communities in order to segregate residential housing stock. Documentation can often be found on grass-roots opposition to these practices by African American homeowner associations and local NAACP branches. The state files also document the national NAACP Housing Department's effort to cultivate local activists to investigate housing discrimination for NAACP branches. The NAACP provided detailed instructions on investigation techniques and responded to local leaders with advice on how to proceed against discrimination after it was proven. In the absence of federal fair housing legislation, the advice generally pointed local complaints toward local administrators rather than to the courts. However, litigation might be recommended in states or municipalities where fair housing codes had been enacted. The national office also encouraged local leaders to press for local or state fair housing legislation in their jurisdictions. In some cases the files document local fair housing coalitions among the NAACP branches and groups such as the American Jewish Committee or the United Auto Workers. The next most voluminous materials after the state files are files by alphabetical letter, "A," "B," etc. (these are identified in the guide as Housing "A" or Housing "B"). These contain letters from individuals, organizations, and government agencies arranged according to the name of the sender. Letters from individuals are sometimes letters of complaint and sometimes letters of inquiry about housing policy. The responses of the Housing Department detail the NAACP's strategies against housing discrimination. The correspondence in these files touch upon a wide range of topics including campaigns for fair housing legislation, coalition building, conferences to discuss housing issues, local urban renewal programs, and the responsiveness of government housing officials. The subject index of the user guide can direct researchers to the relevant alphabetical files for specific geographical areas. In addition to the states and alphabetical letter files, the series contains a number of files under the headings of government or private agency names. Public agencies include the Federal Housing Administration (FHA), the Housing and Home Finance Agency, the New York City Housing Authority, and the New York State Committee Against Discrimination (NY-SCAD). These files include complaints about discriminatory loan and mortgage policies, complaints about discrimination and segregation in public housing, and questions of staffing the agencies and implementing fair housing policies. Private organizations with separate files in the edition include Metropolitan Life Insurance Co., Modern Community Developers, Inc., National Association of Housing and Redevelopment Officials, National Association of Intergroup Relations Officers (NAIRO), National Association of Real Estate Brokers, National Committee Against Discrimination in Housing, National Urban League, New York Citizens Housing and Planning Council, New York Commission on Intergroup Relations, New York City Metropolitan Housing Council, and New York City United Housing Foundation. Many of these files contain private studies on housing patterns and housing discrimination between 1956 and 1965, as well as assessments on the impact of fair housing laws in selected jurisdictions. In addition to the files on states, alphabetical letters, and agencies, there are scattered miscellaneous files on Articles and Pamphlets, Bills (mostly New York State and City), College Campuses, Conferences, Films, Interoffice Memos, Pamphlets and Publicity Material, Policy and Programs (of the NAACP), Press Releases (also of the NAACP), Real Estate Offers, Regional Housing Conferences, Reports, Resolutions, and Statements. Many of these files contain NAACP position papers and statements on various aspects of housing policy between 1956 and 1965. NOTE ON SOURCES All documents reproduced for this edition are from Group III (1956-65) of the NAACP collection held by the Manuscript Division of the Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. EDITORIAL NOTE The files in this microfilm publication were selected by Professors John H. Bracey Jr. and August Meier. They include the entire Housing files series of Series A, Administrative File, from Group III (1956-1965) of the collection. All files have been included and each file is reproduced in its entirety. ABBREVIATIONS The following abbreviations are used frequently throughout this guide and are spelled out here for the convenience of the researcher. ACTION American Council to Improve Our Neighborhoods AFSC American Friends Service Committee CBS Columbia Broadcasting System CORE Congress of Racial Equality D.C. District of Columbia FHA Federal Housing Administration HHFA Housing and Home Finance Agency NAACP National Association for the Advancement of Colored People NAHRO National Association of Housing and Redevelopment Officials NAIRO National Association of Intergroup Relations Officials pp. Pages UAW United Auto Workers UN United Nations VA Veteran's Administration REEL INDEX The following is an alphabetical listing of the folders comprising Papers of the NAACP, Part 5 Supplement; Residential Segregation, General Office Files, 1956-1965 compiled by the NAACP. The four- digit number on the far left is the frame number at which a particular file folder begins. This is followed by the file title, the date(s) of the file, and the total number of pages. Information in brackets has been added to further assist the researcher in accessing the contents of the files. Reel 1 File Folder Frame No. Group Ill, Series A, Administrative File General Office File--Housing Group III, Box A-154 0001 Housing "A," [1956-1963]. 48pp. Major Topics: Proposed executive order prohibiting discrimination