DOCSLIB.ORG

Iron Transport Strategies of the Genus Burkholderia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Iron Transport Strategies of the Genus Burkholderia Zurich Open Repository and Archive University of Zurich Main Library Strickhofstrasse 39 CH-8057 Zurich www.zora.uzh.ch Year: 2015 Iron transport strategies of the genus Burkholderia Mathew, Anugraha Posted at the Zurich Open Repository and Archive, University of Zurich ZORA URL: https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-113412 Dissertation Published Version Originally published at: Mathew, Anugraha. Iron transport strategies of the genus Burkholderia. 2015, University of Zurich, Faculty of Science. Iron transport strategies of the genus Burkholderia Dissertation zur Erlangung der naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorwürde (Dr. sc. nat.) vorgelegt der Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Zürich von Anugraha Mathew aus Indien Promotionskomitee Prof. Dr. Leo Eberl (Vorsitz) Prof. Dr. Jakob Pernthaler Dr. Aurelien carlier Zürich, 2015 2 Table of Contents Summary .............................................................................................................. 7 Zusammenfassung ................................................................................................ 9 Abbreviations ..................................................................................................... 11 Chapter 1: Introduction ....................................................................................... 14 1.1.Role and properties of iron in bacteria ...................................................................... 14 1.2.Iron transport mechanisms in bacteria ...................................................................... 14 1.2.1 Iron chelation by siderophores ........................................................................... 15 1.2.2 Ferric reduction and transport of ferrous iron..................................................... 16 1.2.3 ATP-binding Cassette (ABC) type metal transporters .......................................... 17 1.3 Iron transport systems in different environments ...................................................... 17 1.3.1 Iron acquisition by pathogens ............................................................................ 17 1.3.2 Iron acquisition by plant-associated as well as soil microbes ............................... 19 1.4 The genus Burkholderia ............................................................................................ 19 1.4.1 The Bcc as human opportunistic pathogens ........................................................ 22 1.4.2 Iron transport systems in Burkholderia............................................................... 25 1.5 Preliminary results leading to this study .................................................................... 26 Chapter 2. Objective of the study ........................................................................ 36 Chapter 3: Results I. A novel siderophore-independent strategy of iron uptake in the genus Burkholderia ............................................................................................... 38 3.1 Abstract ................................................................................................................... 39 3.2 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 39 3.3 Results ..................................................................................................................... 41 3.3.1 Both pyochelin and ornibactin are dispensible for the growth of B. cenocepacia H111 .......................................................................................................................... 41 3.3.2 A novel iron uptake system in Burkholderia ....................................................... 43 3.3.3 A siderophore null mutant of H111 depends on the FtrBccABCD system to grow in iron limited conditions ............................................................................................... 44 3.3.4 FtrBccABCD is not required for uptake of ferrous iron in Bcc H111 ........................ 45 3.3.5 FtrBccABCD is not involved in the uptake of complex iron substrates such as, hemin and lactoferrin ........................................................................................................... 46 3.3.6 FtrBccABCD is a high affinity iron transporter ....................................................... 48 3.3.7 Heterologous expression of ftrBccABCD rescues the growth of an E. coli strain lacking all known high affinity iron uptake systems ..................................................... 49 3.3.8 All four components of FtrBccABCD are essential for iron uptake.......................... 50 3.3.9 Transcription of ftrBccABCD is regulated by iron limitation, not by pH .................. 52 3.3.10 The role of FtrBccABCD for virulence in Galleria mellonella infection model ........ 53 3.3.11 Distribution of FtrBccABCD in Burkholderia species ............................................ 53 3.4 Discussion ................................................................................................................ 56 3.5 Materials and Methods ............................................................................................ 60 3.6 Unpublished results .................................................................................................. 85 3 Chapter 4. Results II: Ornibactin production increases the pathogenic potential of the environmental isolate, Burkholderia sacchari ................................................ 96 4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 96 4.2 Results ..................................................................................................................... 98 4.2.1 Construction of transgenic B. tuberum and B. sacchari strains that produce ornibactin .................................................................................................................. 98 4.2.2 Production of siderophores renders B. sacchari pathogenic in a G. mellonella infection model........................................................................................................ 104 4.2.3 B. sacchari producing ornibactin can grow inside G. mellonella ......................... 106 4.2.4 Ornibactin does not contribute towards pathogenicity in C. elegans ................. 107 4.3 Discussion .............................................................................................................. 108 4.4 Materials and Methods .......................................................................................... 111 Chapter 5: Results III. Role of the Ftr system and siderophores in different habitats of Burkholderia .................................................................................................. 122 5.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 122 5.2 Results ................................................................................................................... 124 5.2.1 The Ftr system is unnecessary for nodulation and symbiosis of Burkholderia with legumes ................................................................................................................... 124 5.2.2 Ornibactin production does not increase the efficiency of nodulation of legumes by B. tuberum .......................................................................................................... 126 5.2.3 Ornibactin provides a competitive advantage for nodule occupancy ................. 127 5.2.4 The Ftr system is important for growth of Burkholderia in a soil microcosm ...... 128 5.3 Discussion .............................................................................................................. 130 5.4 Materials and methods ........................................................................................... 133 Chapter 6. Results IV: The role of Burkholderia siderophores in metal homeostasis .......................................................................................................................... 141 6.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 141 6.2 Results ................................................................................................................... 143 6.2.1 H111 producing siderophores can tolerate toxic metals better than non-producers. ................................................................................................................................ 143 6.2.2 The Toxic effect of metals can be relieved by the exogenous addition of ornibactin in Burkholderia strains lacking siderophores ............................................................. 146 6.2.3 Copper and aluminium induce siderophore production .................................... 148 6.3 Discussion .............................................................................................................. 150 6.4 Material and methods ............................................................................................ 153 Chapter 7. Discussion and outlook ..................................................................... 157 7. 1 Discussion ............................................................................................................. 157 7.2 Outlook .................................................................................................................. 158 Chapter 8. Material and methods
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Phylogenetic Analysis Reveals an Ancient Gene Duplication As The
    1 Phylogenetic analysis reveals an ancient gene duplication as 2 the origin of the MdtABC efflux pump. 3 4 Kamil Górecki1, Megan M. McEvoy1,2,3 5 1Institute for Society & Genetics, 2Department of MicroBiology, Immunology & Molecular 6 Genetics, and 3Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, 7 United States of America 8 Corresponding author: [email protected] (M.M.M.) 9 1 10 Abstract 11 The efflux pumps from the Resistance-Nodulation-Division family, RND, are main 12 contributors to intrinsic antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria. Among this family, the 13 MdtABC pump is unusual by having two inner membrane components. The two components, 14 MdtB and MdtC are homologs, therefore it is evident that the two components arose by gene 15 duplication. In this paper, we describe the results obtained from a phylogenetic analysis of the 16 MdtBC pumps in the context of other RNDs. We show that the individual inner membrane 17 components (MdtB and MdtC) are conserved throughout the Proteobacterial species and that their 18 existence is a result of a single gene duplication. We argue that this gene duplication was an ancient 19 event which occurred before the split of Proteobacteria into Alpha-, Beta- and Gamma- classes. 20 Moreover, we find that the MdtABC pumps and the MexMN pump from Pseudomonas aeruginosa 21 share a close common ancestor, suggesting the MexMN pump arose by another gene duplication 22 event of the original Mdt ancestor. Taken together, these results shed light on the evolution of the 23 RND efflux pumps and demonstrate the ancient origin of the Mdt pumps and suggest that the core 24 bacterial efflux pump repertoires have been generally stable throughout the course of evolution.
    [Show full text]
  • Biofilm Formation and Cellulose Expression by Bordetella Avium 197N, the Causative Agent of Bordetellosis in Birds and an Opportunistic Respiratory Pathogen in Humans
    Accepted Manuscript Biofilm formation and cellulose expression by Bordetella avium 197N, the causative agent of bordetellosis in birds and an opportunistic respiratory pathogen in humans Kimberley McLaughlin, Ayorinde O. Folorunso, Yusuf Y. Deeni, Dona Foster, Oksana Gorbatiuk, Simona M. Hapca, Corinna Immoor, Anna Koza, Ibrahim U. Mohammed, Olena Moshynets, Sergii Rogalsky, Kamil Zawadzki, Andrew J. Spiers PII: S0923-2508(17)30017-7 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2017.01.002 Reference: RESMIC 3563 To appear in: Research in Microbiology Received Date: 17 November 2016 Revised Date: 16 January 2017 Accepted Date: 16 January 2017 Please cite this article as: K. McLaughlin, A.O. Folorunso, Y.Y. Deeni, D. Foster, O. Gorbatiuk, S.M. Hapca, C. Immoor, A. Koza, I.U. Mohammed, O. Moshynets, S. Rogalsky, K. Zawadzki, A.J. Spiers, Biofilm formation and cellulose expression by Bordetella avium 197N, the causative agent of bordetellosis in birds and an opportunistic respiratory pathogen in humans, Research in Microbiologoy (2017), doi: 10.1016/j.resmic.2017.01.002. This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Page 1 of 25 ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 1 For Publication 2 Biofilm formation and cellulose expression by Bordetella avium 197N, 3 the causative agent of bordetellosis in birds and an opportunistic 4 respiratory pathogen in humans 5 a* a*** a b 6 Kimberley McLaughlin , Ayorinde O.
    [Show full text]
  • Accurate and Rapid Identification of the Burkholderia Pseudomallei Near-Neighbour, Burkholderia Ubonensis, Using Real-Time PCR
    Accurate and Rapid Identification of the Burkholderia pseudomallei Near-Neighbour, Burkholderia ubonensis, Using Real-Time PCR Erin P. Price1*, Derek S. Sarovich1, Jessica R. Webb1, Jennifer L. Ginther2, Mark Mayo1, James M. Cook2, Meagan L. Seymour2, Mirjam Kaestli1, Vanessa Theobald1, Carina M. Hall2, Joseph D. Busch2, Jeffrey T. Foster2, Paul Keim2, David M. Wagner2, Apichai Tuanyok2, Talima Pearson2, Bart J. Currie1 1 Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia, 2 Center for Microbial Genetics and Genomics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America Abstract Burkholderia ubonensis is an environmental bacterium belonging to the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc), a group of genetically related organisms that are associated with opportunistic but generally nonfatal infections in healthy individuals. In contrast, the near-neighbour species Burkholderia pseudomallei causes melioidosis, a disease that can be fatal in up to 95% of cases if left untreated. B. ubonensis is frequently misidentified as B. pseudomallei from soil samples using selective culturing on Ashdown’s medium, reflecting both the shared environmental niche and morphological similarities of these species. Additionally, B. ubonensis shows potential as an important biocontrol agent in B. pseudomallei-endemic regions as certain strains possess antagonistic properties towards B. pseudomallei. Current methods for characterising B. ubonensis are laborious, time-consuming and costly, and as such this bacterium remains poorly studied. The aim of our study was to develop a rapid and inexpensive real-time PCR-based assay specific for B. ubonensis. We demonstrate that a novel B. ubonensis-specific assay, Bu550, accurately differentiates B. ubonensis from B.
    [Show full text]
  • Bordetella Petrii Clinical Isolate Isolates of This Species Have Been Previously Reported from 4
    routine laboratory protocols. Initial susceptibility testing Bordetella petrii using disk diffusion indicated apparent susceptibility of the isolate to erythromycin, gentamicin, ceftriaxone, and Clinical Isolate piperacillin/tazobactam. The isolate was resistant to amox- icillin, co-amoxiclav, tetracycline, clindamycin, ciproflo- Norman K. Fry,* John Duncan,* Henry Malnick,* xacin, and metronidazole. After initial sensitivity results, a Marina Warner,* Andrew J. Smith,† 6-week course of oral clarithromycin (500 mg, 8 hourly) Margaret S. Jackson,† and Ashraf Ayoub† was begun. We describe the first clinical isolate of Bordetella petrii At follow-up appointments 3 months and 6 months from a patient with mandibular osteomyelitis. The only pre- after antimicrobial drug therapy ceased, clinical and radi- viously documented isolation of B. petrii occurred after the ographic findings were not unusual, and the infected area initial culture of a single strain from an environmental healed successfully. Despite the successful clinical out- source. come, the isolate was subsequently shown to be resistant to clarithromycin in vitro (Table). Improvement of the 67-year-old man visited an emergency dental clinic, osteomyelitis may also have been facilitated by the biopsy Awhere he complained of toothache in the lower right procedure, during which a sequestrum of bone was mandibular quadrant. Examination showed a root-filled removed. lower right canine tooth that was mobile and tender to per- The gram-negative bacillus (designated strain cussion. The tooth was extracted uneventfully under local GDH030510) was submitted to the Health Protection anesthesia. The patient returned after several days with Agency, Centre for Infections, London, for identification. pain at the extraction site. A localized alveolar osteitis was Preliminary tests results were consistent with those diagnosed, and local debridement measures were institut- described for members of the genus Bordetella.
    [Show full text]
  • Burkholderia Cenocepacia
    DECODING THE REGULATORY MECHANISMS OF TWO QUORUM SENSING PROTEINS, CepR AND CepR2, OF Burkholderia cenocepacia A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Gina Therese Ryan August 2012 © 2012 Gina Therese Ryan ii DECODING THE REGULATORY MECHANISMS OF TWO QUORUM SENSING PROTEINS, CepR AND CepR2, OF Burkholderia cenocepacia Gina Therese Ryan, Ph. D. Cornell University 2012 Burkholderia cenocepacia is an opportunistic pathogen of humans that encodes two LuxR-type acylhomoserine (AHL) synthases and three LuxR-type AHL receptors. Of these, cepI and cepR are tightly linked and form a cognate synthase/receptor pair, as do cciI and cciR. In contrast, CepR2 is unlinked from the other four genes, and lacks a genetically linked cognate AHL synthase gene. In the first study, a CepR-binding site (cep box) was systematically altered to identify nucleotides essential for CepR activity in vivo and CepR binding in vitro. The consensus cep box determined from these experiments was used to screen the genome and identify CepR-regulated genes containing this site. Four new regulated promoters were found to be induced by OHL and required the cep box for induction and CepR binding. In the second study, the regulatory mechanism of CepR2 at two divergently transcribed genes predicted to direct the synthesis of secondary metabolites was investigated. These cepR2-linked genes were induced by OHL and required CepR2, indicating CepR2 acts as a repressor at these promoters and is antagonized by OHL. A lacZ reporter fused to the divergent promoters was used to confirm these hypotheses.
    [Show full text]
  • Isolation, Cloning and Co-Expression of Lipase and Foldase Genes of Burkholderia Territorii GP3 from Mount Papandayan Soil
    J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. (2019), 29(6), 944–951 https://doi.org/10.4014/jmb.1812.12013 Research Article Review jmb Isolation, Cloning and Co-Expression of Lipase and Foldase Genes of Burkholderia territorii GP3 from Mount Papandayan Soil Ludwinardo Putra1, Griselda Herman Natadiputri2, Anja Meryandini1, and Antonius Suwanto1,2* 1Graduate School of Biotechnology, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia 2Biotechnology Research and Development, PT Wilmar Benih Indonesia, Bekasi 17530, Indonesia Received: December 8, 2018 Revised: May 1, 2019 Lipases are industrial enzymes that catalyze both triglyceride hydrolysis and ester synthesis. Accepted: May 1, 2019 The overexpression of lipase genes is considered one of the best approaches to increase the First published online enzymatic production for industrial applications. Subfamily I.2. lipases require a chaperone or May 14, 2019 foldase in order to become a fully-activated enzyme. The goal of this research was to isolate, *Corresponding author clone, and co-express genes that encode lipase and foldase from Burkholderia territorii GP3, a Phone: +62-812-9973-680; lipolytic bacterial isolate obtained from Mount Papandayan soil via growth on Soil Extract E-mail: [email protected] Rhodamine Agar. Genes that encode for lipase (lipBT) and foldase (lifBT) were successfully cloned from this isolate and co-expressed in the E. coli BL21 background. The highest expression was shown in E. coli BL21 (DE3) pLysS, using pET15b expression vector. LipBT was particulary unique as it showed highest activity with optimum temperature of 80°C at pH 11.0. The optimum substrate for enzyme activity was C10, which is highly stable in methanol solvent.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of the Relatedness of Brucella Spp. and Ochrobactrum Anthropi and Description of Ochrobactrum Intermedium Sp
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Dadun, University of Navarra International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology (1 998), 48, 759-768 Printed in Great Britain Evaluation of the relatedness of Brucella spp. and Ochrobactrum anthropi and description of Ochrobactrum intermedium sp. nov., a new species with a closer relationship to Brucella SPP. Julian Velasco,’ Conchi Romero,’ lgnacio Lopez-Got%,’ Jose Leiva,2 Ramon Diaz1f2and lgnacio Moriydn’ Author for correspondence : Ignacio Moriyon. Tel : + 34 48 425600. Fax : + 34 48 425649. e-mail : [email protected] Departamento de The relatedness of Brucella spp. and Ochrobactrum anthropi was studied by M icrob io I og ia, Un ive rs id ad protein profiling, Western blot, immunoelectrophoresis and 16s rRNA analysis. de Navarra, Aptdo 1771 and Servicio de Microbiologia, Whole-cell and soluble proteins of brucellae and 0. anthropi showed Clinica Universitaria de serological cross-reactivities quantitatively and qualitatively more intense Navarraz, Pamplona, Spain than those existing with similar extracts of Agrobacterium spp. Numerical analysis of Western blot profiles of whole-cell extracts showed that 0. anthropi LMG 3301 was closer to Brucella spp. than to 0. anthropi LMG 3331T, a result not obtained by protein profiling. These differences were not observed by Western blot with soluble fractions, and immunoelectrophoretic analyses suggested that this was due to destruction of conformational epitopes in Western blot procedures with the subsequent simplification of antigenic profile. Analysis of the 165 rRNA sequences of strains previously used in the species definition confirmed that strain LMG 3301, and also LMG 3306, were closer to the brucellae, and that LMG 3331Twas in a separate cluster.
    [Show full text]
  • Insights Into the Pathogenicity of Burkholderia Pseudomallei
    REVIEWS Melioidosis: insights into the pathogenicity of Burkholderia pseudomallei W. Joost Wiersinga*, Tom van der Poll*, Nicholas J. White‡§, Nicholas P. Day‡§ and Sharon J. Peacock‡§ Abstract | Burkholderia pseudomallei is a potential bioterror agent and the causative agent of melioidosis, a severe disease that is endemic in areas of Southeast Asia and Northern Australia. Infection is often associated with bacterial dissemination to distant sites, and there are many possible disease manifestations, with melioidosis septic shock being the most severe. Eradication of the organism following infection is difficult, with a slow fever-clearance time, the need for prolonged antibiotic therapy and a high rate of relapse if therapy is not completed. Mortality from melioidosis septic shock remains high despite appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Prevention of disease and a reduction in mortality and the rate of relapse are priority areas for future research efforts. Studying how the disease is acquired and the host–pathogen interactions involved will underpin these efforts; this review presents an overview of current knowledge in these areas, highlighting key topics for evaluation. Melioidosis is a serious disease caused by the aerobic, rifamycins, colistin and aminoglycosides), but is usually Gram-negative soil-dwelling bacillus Burkholderia pseu- susceptible to amoxicillin-clavulanate, chloramphenicol, domallei and is most common in Southeast Asia and doxycycline, trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, ureido- Northern Australia. Melioidosis is responsible for 20% of penicillins, ceftazidime and carbapenems2,4. Treatment all community-acquired septicaemias and 40% of sepsis- is required for 20 weeks and is divided into intravenous related mortality in northeast Thailand. Reported cases are and oral phases2,4. Initial intravenous therapy is given likely to represent ‘the tip of the iceberg’1,2, as confirmation for 10–14 days; ceftazidime or a carbapenem are the of disease depends on bacterial isolation, a technique that drugs of choice.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification of Bordetella Spp. in Respiratory Specimens From
    504 Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Volume 14 Number 5, May 2008 isolates of extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase-producing Original Submission: 27 October 2007; Revised Sub- Shigella sonnei. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 2007; 101: 511–517. mission: 5 December 2007; Accepted: 19 December 21. Rice LB. Controlling antibiotic resistance in the ICU: 2007 different bacteria, different strategies. Cleve Clin J Med 2003; 70: 793–800. Clin Microbiol Infect 2008; 14: 504–506 22. Boyd DA, Tyler S, Christianson S et al. Complete nucleo- 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2008.01968.x tide sequence of a 92-kilobase plasmid harbouring the CTX-M-15 extended spectrum b-lactamase involved in an outbreak in long-term-care facilities in Toronto, Canada. Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004; 48: 3758–3764. disease, characterised by defective chloride ion channels that result in multi-organ dysfunction, most notably affecting the respiratory tract. The RESEARCH NOTE alteration in the pulmonary environment is asso- ciated with increased susceptibility to bacterial infection. Recent advances in bacterial taxonomy and improved microbial identification systems Identification of Bordetella spp. in have led to an increasing recognition of the respiratory specimens from individuals diversity of bacterial species involved in CF lung with cystic fibrosis infection. Many such species are opportunistic T. Spilker, A. A. Liwienski and J. J. LiPuma human pathogens, some of which are rarely found in other human infections [1]. Processing Department of Pediatrics and Communicable of CF respiratory cultures therefore employs Diseases, University of Michigan Medical selective media and focuses on detection of School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA uncommon human pathogens.
    [Show full text]
  • Volcanic Soils As Sources of Novel CO-Oxidizing Paraburkholderia and Burkholderia: Paraburkholderia Hiiakae Sp
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Frontiers - Publisher Connector ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 21 February 2017 doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00207 Volcanic Soils as Sources of Novel CO-Oxidizing Paraburkholderia and Burkholderia: Paraburkholderia hiiakae sp. nov., Paraburkholderia metrosideri sp. nov., Paraburkholderia paradisi sp. nov., Edited by: Paraburkholderia peleae sp. nov., Svetlana N. Dedysh, Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology and Burkholderia alpina sp. nov. a (RAS), Russia Reviewed by: Member of the Burkholderia cepacia Dimitry Y. Sorokin, The Federal Research Centre Complex “Fundamentals of Biotechnology” of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1, 2 1 Russia Carolyn F. Weber and Gary M. King * Philippe Constant, 1 Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA, 2 College of Health Sciences, Des INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Moines University, Des Moines, IA, USA Canada Paulina Estrada De Los Santos, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico Previous studies showed that members of the Burkholderiales were important in *Correspondence: the succession of aerobic, molybdenum-dependent CO oxidizing-bacteria on volcanic Gary M. King [email protected] soils. During these studies, four isolates were obtained from Kilauea Volcano (Hawai‘i, USA); one strain was isolated from Pico de Orizaba (Mexico) during a separate Specialty section: study. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, the Pico de Orizaba isolate This article was submitted to Terrestrial Microbiology, and the isolates from Kilauea Volcano were provisionally assigned to the genera a section of the journal Burkholderia and Paraburkholderia, respectively. Each of the isolates possessed a form Frontiers in Microbiology I coxL gene that encoded the catalytic subunit of carbon monoxide dehydrogenase Received: 09 December 2016 (CODH); none of the most closely related type strains possessed coxL or oxidized Accepted: 30 January 2017 Published: 21 February 2017 CO.
    [Show full text]
  • Targeting the Burkholderia Cepacia Complex
    viruses Review Advances in Phage Therapy: Targeting the Burkholderia cepacia Complex Philip Lauman and Jonathan J. Dennis * Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-780-492-2529 Abstract: The increasing prevalence and worldwide distribution of multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens is an imminent danger to public health and threatens virtually all aspects of modern medicine. Particularly concerning, yet insufficiently addressed, are the members of the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc), a group of at least twenty opportunistic, hospital-transmitted, and notoriously drug-resistant species, which infect and cause morbidity in patients who are immunocompromised and those afflicted with chronic illnesses, including cystic fibrosis (CF) and chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). One potential solution to the antimicrobial resistance crisis is phage therapy—the use of phages for the treatment of bacterial infections. Although phage therapy has a long and somewhat checkered history, an impressive volume of modern research has been amassed in the past decades to show that when applied through specific, scientifically supported treatment strategies, phage therapy is highly efficacious and is a promising avenue against drug-resistant and difficult-to-treat pathogens, such as the Bcc. In this review, we discuss the clinical significance of the Bcc, the advantages of phage therapy, and the theoretical and clinical advancements made in phage therapy in general over the past decades, and apply these concepts specifically to the nascent, but growing and rapidly developing, field of Bcc phage therapy. Keywords: Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc); bacteria; pathogenesis; antibiotic resistance; bacterio- phages; phages; phage therapy; phage therapy treatment strategies; Bcc phage therapy Citation: Lauman, P.; Dennis, J.J.
    [Show full text]
  • Epidemiology of Burkholderia Cepacia Complex in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis, Canada David P
    RESEARCH Epidemiology of Burkholderia cepacia Complex in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis, Canada David P. Speert,* Deborah Henry,* Peter Vandamme,† Mary Corey,‡ and Eshwar Mahenthiralingam* The Burkholderia cepacia complex is an important group of pathogens in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Although evidence for patient-to-patient spread is clear, microbial factors facilitating transmission are poorly understood. To identify microbial clones with enhanced transmissibility, we evaluated B. cepacia complex isolates from patients with CF from throughout Canada. A total of 905 isolates from the B. cepacia complex were recovered from 447 patients in 8 of the 10 provinces; 369 (83%) of these patients had genomovar III and 43 (9.6%) had B. multivorans (genomovar II). Infection prevalence differed substantially by region (22% of patients in Ontario vs. 5% in Quebec). Results of typing by random amplified polymor- phic DNA analysis or pulsed-field gel electrophoresis indicated that strains of B. cepacia complex from genomovar III are the most potentially transmissible and that the B. cepacia epidemic strain marker is a robust marker for transmissibility. urkholderia cepacia complex is an important group of and genomovar VII = B. ambifaria. Genomovars I and III can- B pathogens in immunocompromised hosts, notably those not be differentiated phenotypically, nor can B. multivorans with cystic fibrosis (CF) or chronic granulomatous disease and genomovar VI; these species must be distinguished by (1,2). Lung infections with B. cepacia complex in certain genetic methods. Bacteria from each of the genomovars have patients with CF result in rapidly progressive, invasive, fatal been recovered from patients with CF, but the predominant bacteremic disease (3).
    [Show full text]