The Open Door: Early Modern Wajorese Statecraft and Diaspora

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Open Door: Early Modern Wajorese Statecraft and Diaspora THE OPEN DOOR: EARLY MODERN WAJORESE STATECRAFT AND DIASPORA A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI'I IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN HISTORY AUGUST 2003 By Kathryn Gay Anderson Dissertation Committee: Leonard Y. Andaya, Chairperson Barbara Watson Andaya David A. Chappell Jerry H. Bentley Jonathan Okamura Abstract This study focuses on the relations between Wajoq, a confederative Bugis polity in South Sulawesi, Indonesia, and overseas groups ofWajorese migrants in Makassar, western Sumatra, the Straits ofMelaka and eastern Kalimantan during the century following the Makassar War (1666-1669). Itargues that these outlying communities interacted with the center in ways similar to those ofthe local constituents, and that the diaspora can therefore can be seen as part ofthe state. The ability ofthe Wajorese government to incorporate these groups rested on a long-standing mechanisms for holding its various components together and on its definition ofmembership within the state. Wajorese migrants exhibited remarkable versatility in adapting to local conditions in the areas where they settled. While each community developed along its own lines, they employed similar strategies. Foremost among these were intermarriage, diplomacy and warfare. The various communities also cooperated with each other by sharing intelligence, establishing a commercial code oflaw and providing military assistance. Such cooperation was facilitated by the Bugis concept ofpesse meaning solidarity or commiseration. Pesse was the cultural and emotional glue that bound the migrants to the homeland. It was therefore key to the maintenance oflinks between the constituents ofWajoq. Relations between Wajorese migrants and their homeland intensified in the early eighteenth century when successive rulers in Wajoq deliberately sought to harness the military and commercial potential ofthe migrant communities. This effort culminated in the l730s when the exile La Maddukelleng returned from eastern Kalimantan, assumed the leadership ofWajoq, rallied the support of the Wajorese communities in Makassar and Sumbawa and attempted to expel the Dutch from South Sulawesi. While ultimately unsuccessful, his campaign exemplifies the manner in which the overseas Wajorese remained an essential part ofWajoq well into the eighteenth century. iii Table ofContents Abstract " ", .iii List ofMaps vii List ofAbbreviations " '" viii Chapter I: Introduction 1 Concepts ofStates .3 Bugis Statecraft 8 Wajorese Political Structure 12 Sources 20 The Study .32 Chapter 2: Wajorese History and Migration .35 Physical and Social Geography 35 Early Wajorese History , 40 Shifting Balance ofPower .43 The Makassar War .46 Wajorese Impressions ofthe War 51 Attack on Wajoq 53 The Torment ofWajoq 58 Chapter Conclusion 60 Chapter 3: Wajorese Society and Entrepreneurship in Makassar 62 Kampong Wajoq 64 The Wajorese Administration in Makassar 66 Commerce '" " 69 Wajorese Commercial Law 72 The Commercial Practices ofTo Anko and To Uti. 77 The Flowering ofWajorese Commerce 82 Chapter Conclusion 86 iv Chapter 4: The Wajorese in Western Sumatra 88 The Political Geography ofWestern Sumatra 91 The Arrival ofDaeng Maruppa 93 Sultan Endey, Daeng Mabela and the Bugis in the Service ofthe EIC 96 Daeng Mabela and the Bugis in the Service ofthe VOC 106 Daeng Mabela's Descendants and Their Legacy 108 Chapter Conclusion 114 Chapter 5: The Wajorese in the Straits ofMelaka 1I7 The Political Geography ofthe Malay Peninsula and Surrounding Areas 118 The Riau Bugis 121 Daeng Matekko 123 Commerce and Conflicts with the Dutch 129 The Riau Bugis in the Malay World 131 The Wajorese in Eighteenth Century Siak.. 134 Chapter Conclusion 13 8 Chapter 6: The Wajorese in Eastern Kalimantan 141 The Political Economy ofthe Eastern Coast ofKalimantan 141 The Earliest Histories ofthe Wajorese in Eastern Kalimantan 144 Kutai. 145 Pasir 149 La Maddukelleng 151 The Violence ofLa Maddukelleng's Conquest.. 153 La Maddukelleng's Legacy: Views from East Kalimantan 154 Pegatan 159 A Wajorese Itinerant in Eastern Kalimantan 161 The Rise to Power 166 Chapter Conclusion 168 v Chapter 7: The Repatriate Arung Matoa 171 The Role ofExpatriates in Wajorese Society 171 The Return ofLa Maddukelleng 174 Acquittal by the Tellumpocco 176 Counterattack 192 Civil War 195 Chapter Conclusion 198 Chapter 8: Conclusion .200 Unifying the Constituents , 200 The Open Door 207 Conclusion , 210 Appendix: The Origin Myths ofWajoq 211 Glossary .214 Bibliography 216 vi Lis/afMaps Map 1: Wajoq 18 Map 2: South Sulawesi. 36 Map 3: Western Sumatra 90 Map 4: The Malay World 119 Map 5: The Makassar Strait.. 142 vii List of Abbreviations ANRI Arsip Negara Republik Indonesia BKI Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch-Indie CRL Center for Research Libraries (Chicago) EIC (English) East India Company IG De Indische Gids JAS The Journal ofAsian Studies JMBRAS Journal of the Malay Branch ofthe Royal Asiatic Society JSBRAS Journal ofthe Straits Branch ofthe Rnyal Asiatic Society JSEAH Journal ofSoutheast Asian History JSEAS Journal ofSoutheast Asian Studies MBRAS Malay Branch ofthe Royal Asiatic Society RIMA Review ofIndonesian and Malaysian Affairs TAG Tijdschrift van het Aardrijkskundige Genootschap TBG Tijdschrift voor Indische Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde TNI Tijdschrijft voor Nederlandsch-Indie SFR Sumatra Factory Records SWK Sumatras West Kust VOC Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie (United Dutch East India Company) viii Chapter 1 Introduction A number ofnineteenth century observers noted the tendency among the people ofWajoq, a Bugis polity in South Sulawesi, Indonesia, to migrate. Among them was B. F. Matthes, one ofthe leading Dutch philologists of South Sulawesi languages upon whose pioneering efforts virtually all subsequent textual research has been based. He described the people ofWajoq as "born traders [who] wander around everywhere in the archipelago and settle in those places where they can find the most advantage and at least be guaranteed some protection by the local ruler against piracy, which at home leaves much to be desired.'" This statement implies that Wajorese emigration resulted from a lack in the Wajorese system of government, specifically the absence ofprotection from piracy. What I would like to suggest in this study is that Wajorese emigration resulted not so much from a lack but rather from particular features in Wajorese government and society that encouraged migration. Figuratively speaking Wajoq had an open door that allowed people to come and go as they pleased. This facilitated the establishment ofa far-flung network ofWajorese migrants and merchants across the Southeast Asian archipelago. When I began this study I intended to investigate the development ofthe Wajorese diaspora as an aspect ofchange in Wajoq from the Makassar War (1666-69) until the Wajorese repatriate La Maddukelleng attempted to expel the Dutch from South Sulawesi in the 1730s. While I have remained consistent in terms ofsubject matter during the long course ofits preparation, my understanding ofWajoq as a polity and its relationship with the Wajorese overseas' settlements bas changed. Five years ago I saw Wajoq as an insular agrarian community and Wajorese migration as a result ofchanges in the Indonesian Archipelago during the early modern era, especially the advance ofthe United (Dutch) East indian Company (VOC), and I intended to study them separately. During the course ofmy research, however, it I B. F. Matthes, "Eenige opmerkingen omtrent en naar anleiding van dat gedeelte van Dr. J. J. de Holander's Handleiding bij de Beoefening der Land- en Volkenkunde van Nederlandsch Oost-Indie, hetwelk handelt over het Gouvemement van Celebes en Onderhoorigheden," BKI, 19 (1872), p. 18. This translation is from David E. Sopher, The Sea Nomads: A Study o/the Maritime Boat Peoples o/Southeast Asia, Singapore: National Museum Singapore, 1977, pp. 159-160 which led me to this reference. , Throughout this study "overseas" is used loosely to describe areas at a distance from a given reference point. Thus the Wajorese community at Makassar is referred to as an overseas settlement even though it is technically not overseas from Wajoq. became apparent that the Wajorese homeland and overseas communities were linked by a sense of community, family ties, commercial relations, a representative council and a legal code. Family relations, money, leaders and weapons crossed Wajoq's territorial boundaries to such an extent that these boundaries appeared irrelevant. This is not to say that the boundaries were not important to Wajorese politicians because quite the opposite is true. Rather, it is that the Wajorese people within and outside these boundaries were significant to the state and its goals. In an attempt to understand the relationship between Wajoq and outlying communities of Wajorese migrants, I sought parallels in existing literature about mobile social formations including diasporas, semi-diasporas, deterritorialized nation states, transnations and ethooscapes. I generally found these concepts restrictive because oftheir tendencies either to describe a basically apolitical social formation, such as a cultural or religious diasporas, or to regard spatial dispersal as a feature of late modernity. Indeed, much ofthis discourse positions diasporas squarely in the late modern era.' While I use the term diaspora to denote a social formation consisting ofdispersed migrant groups that both
Recommended publications
  • Akademia Baru Social and Behavioural Sciences
    Journal of Advanced Research in Social and Behavioural Sciences 9, Issue 2 (2017) 50-67 Journal of Advanced Research in Penerbit Akademia Baru Social and Behavioural Sciences Journal homepage: www.akademiabaru.com/arsbs.html ISSN: 2462-1951 Geo -political and geo -cultural epistemologies of the Nomadic Open society in the global south Access 1,∗ 1 Aris Arif Mundayat , Suleiman Dahiru 1 Universiti Putra Malaysia , 43400 UPM Serdang , Selangor Darul Ehsan , Malaysia ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: This study explores the profound nomadic communities’ dimension of Sea Nomad in Received 23 July 2016 Southeast Asia and Land Nomad in West Africa in the past and present. It highlights Received in revised form 22 July 2016 their geo-political and geo-cultural epistemologies to their complex and dynamic Accepted 25 September 2017 interaction with terrestrial communities. Their epistemologies are relevant to Available online 15 August 2017 understanding the wider context of historical and contemporary issues in the global South mobility. Since the decolonisation of the Western colonised territories and the industrial restructuration in Western countries, the Global South countries were experiencing the so called “development program”. The Western reason to implement the development program is to improve the life quality of the people who are living in impoverish condition due to the limitation of knowledge capitals to utilise the resources for developing the nation. The development program believed as the key to advance the nation in the post-colonial states of the Global South. In reality this program consists of concepts, theories and its implementation to reinstall the power of Global North in the Global South by the post-colonial states through any means of indirect control.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification of Buffalo Purchases in Bone District, South Sulawesi
    et International Journal on Emerging Technologies 11 (5): 621-622(2020) ISSN No. (Print): 0975-8364 ISSN No. (Online): 2249-3255 Identification of Buffalo Purchases in Bone District, South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia to meet the needs of the Toraja Traditional Party Ilham Rasyid 1, Sitti Nurani Sirajuddin 1, Veronica Sri Lestari 1 and Nirwana 2 1Department of Socio Economics, Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia. 2Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business, Hasanuddin University, Makassar. (Corresponding author: Sitti Nurani Sirajuddin) (Received 21 September 2020, Revised 23 November 2020, Accepted 10 December 2020) (Published by Research Trend, Website: www.researchtrend.net) ABSTRACT: The customary party of the death of the Toraja community requires buffalo cattle in large enough numbers to be slaughtered. Buffaloes are slaughtered from several districts including Bone Regency. This study aimed to identify buffalo purchases in Patimpeng sub-district, Bone district to fulfill the customary party of the Toraja people. This research was conducted in May to June 2020. The population is breeders who maintain buffalo by buying buffalo from outside Bone Regency. Samples are breeders who buy buffalo in Jeneponto Regency. Data analysis was quantitative descriptive. The results showed the purchase of buffalo to fulfill the Toraja traditional party with criteria: motive, body posture and vortex feathers. Farmers in Bone regency should buy buffaloes based on buffalo motivation by consumers in Toraja Regency. Keywords: purchase, buffalo, traditional party, Toraja. I. INTRODUCTION animals in other areas or regions. The high and low value of buffalo depends on the characteristics Buffalo cattle are a social symbol for their owners in possessed by the buffalo.
    [Show full text]
  • Analysis of Water Balance to Determine Cropping Patterns of Food Crop in Sub-Watershed Tenggarong, Kutai Kartanegara Regency
    215 Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 25 (No 1) 2019, 215–221 Analysis of water balance to determine cropping patterns of food crop in sub-watershed Tenggarong, Kutai Kartanegara regency Akas Pinaringan Sujalu1*, M. Hidayanto2, Yossita Fiana2, Akas Yekti Pulihasih3 1Faculty of Agriculture, University of 17 Agustus 1945, Samarinda, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia 2Agency for Agriculture Research and Development, Samarinda, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia 3Faculty of Management, Kartini University, Surabaya, Indonesia *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Sujalu, A. P., Hidayanto, M., Fiana, Y., & Pulihasih, A. Y. (2019). Analysis of water balance to determine cropping patterns of food crop in sub-watershed Tenggarong, Kutai Kartanegara regency. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 25(1), 215–221 Growing periods can be determined using water balance analysis to decrease harvest risk in certain area. Generally, there are two types of land use for crop, i.e. irrigated land and non-irrigated land. This research was aimed to determine water input, water use and water loss, consumptive use crop water balance and designing a cropping pattern on rainfed paddy fi eld at Wa- tershed Tenggarong. Determination of fi eld capacity and permanent wilting point using soil texture data was input through Bouyoucos hydrom- eter methods. The calculation of land water balance according to Thornthwaite and Mather (1957) was employed to determine the agro-climate condition, particularly the dynamics of soil moisture content to plan a general cropping patterns was used based on monthly data. The planting time period is the water holding capacity > 50% from available water. Water balance monthly indicated that this area has potential growing season about 9 months, water surplus 8 months (439.6 mm year-1) and water defi cits about 3 months (59.7 mm year-1).
    [Show full text]
  • Gouverneur-Generaals Van Nederlands-Indië in Beeld
    JIM VAN DER MEER MOHR Gouverneur-generaals van Nederlands-Indië in beeld In dit artikel worden de penningen beschreven die de afgelo- pen eeuwen zijn geproduceerd over de gouverneur-generaals van Nederlands-Indië. Maar liefs acht penningen zijn er geslagen over Bij het samenstellen van het overzicht heb ik de nu zo verguisde gouverneur-generaal (GG) voor de volledigheid een lijst gemaakt van alle Jan Pieterszoon Coen. In zijn tijd kreeg hij geen GG’s en daarin aangegeven met wie er penningen erepenning of eremedaille, maar wel zes in de in relatie gebracht kunnen worden. Het zijn vorige eeuw en al in 1893 werd er een penning uiteindelijk 24 van de 67 GG’s (niet meegeteld zijn uitgegeven ter gelegenheid van de onthulling van de luitenant-generaals uit de Engelse tijd), die in het standbeeld in Hoorn. In hetzelfde jaar prijkte hun tijd of ervoor of erna met één of meerdere zijn beeltenis op de keerzijde van een prijspen- penningen zijn geëerd. Bij de samenstelling van ning die is geslagen voor schietwedstrijden in dit overzicht heb ik ervoor gekozen ook pennin- Den Haag. Hoe kan het beeld dat wij van iemand gen op te nemen waarin GG’s worden genoemd, hebben kantelen. Maar tegelijkertijd is het goed zoals overlijdenspenningen van echtgenotes en erbij stil te staan dat er in andere tijden anders penningen die ter gelegenheid van een andere naar personen en functionarissen werd gekeken. functie of gelegenheid dan het GG-schap zijn Ik wil hier geen oordeel uitspreken over het al dan geslagen, zoals die over Dirck Fock. In dit artikel niet juiste perspectief dat iedere tijd op een voor- zal ik aan de hand van het overzicht stilstaan bij val of iemand kan hebben.
    [Show full text]
  • Indonesia Post Compact Monitoring and Evaluation Plan JUNE 2018
    Millennium Challenge Account – Indonesia Post Compact Monitoring and Evaluation Plan JUNE 2018 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Preamble ........................................................................................................................................... 3 2. Indonesian Glossary and List of Acronyms ....................................................................................... 4 3. Compact and Objectives Overview ................................................................................................... 6 3.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 6 3.2. Program Logic........................................................................................................................... 6 3.2.1. Community-Based Health and Nutrition to Reduce Stunting Project Overview .................. 8 3.2.2. Procurement Modernization Project Overview ................................................................. 17 3.2.3. Green Prosperity Project Overview .................................................................................. 24 3.3. Projected Economic Benefits ................................................................................................... 36 3.3.1. Nutrition Project .............................................................................................................. 36 3.3.2. Procurement Modernization Project ................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Families and Their Social Worlds 2Nd Edition Seccombe Test Bank
    Families and their Social Worlds 2nd Edition Seccombe Test Bank Full Download: https://alibabadownload.com/product/families-and-their-social-worlds-2nd-edition-seccombe-test-bank/ Chapter 2 Families Throughout the World: Marriage, Family, and Kinship 2.1 Multiple Choice Questions 1) According to anthropologist William Stephens, the definition of marriage includes four important components. Which is NOT one of them? A) a socially legitimate sexual union B) a public announcement C) contains some ideas about permanence D) involves one man and one woman E) assumes an explicit marriage contract that spells out reciprocal obligations between spouses, and between spouses and their children Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 41 2) Families are found throughout the world. Despite their diversity, there are many critical universal features of families. Which is NOT one of these universal features? A) marriage B) regulation of sexual behavior C) reproduction and socializing children D) taking care of the elderly E) property and inheritance Answer: D Diff: 2 Page Ref: 41-43 3) Deeya is a graduate of Yale University. This is an example of a/an: A) ascribed status B) achieved status C) bilateral status D) exogamy E) gemeinschaft Answer: B Diff: 2 Page Ref: 42 4) Laurel is a White teenager who lives in Beverly Hills, CA with her wealthy parents. Her sex, race, and social class are examples of a/an: A) ascribed status B) achieved status C) neolocal status D) endogamy E) gesellschaft Answer: A Diff: 2 Page Ref: 42 5) As a student, you usually take notes in class. Student is your ________; taking notes is your ________.
    [Show full text]
  • Response: Race As a Semi-Measurable Component of Social Status
    \\jciprod01\productn\H\HLC\55-2\HLC211.txt unknown Seq: 1 23-SEP-20 14:37 Response: Race as a Semi-Measurable Component of Social Status Michael L. Radelet* Numerous studies have found strong correlations between racial attributes and death sentencing. While much of the strength of these correlations reflects overt racism, the correlations also reflect a more general rule that the death penalty is most likely to be imposed on defendants with lower status for crimes against those with higher status. Indeed, race can be conceptualized as one component of social status. The increasing difficulty of measuring defendants’ and victims’ races also presents challenges for future researchers. These challenges invite researchers to find new ways to study the basic question: Is the death penalty reserved for the worst of the worst? TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION .................................................. 675 I. RACE AS A COMPONENT OF SOCIAL STATUS ............... 676 R II. THE FUTURE OF RACE RESEARCH ......................... 678 R CONCLUSION .................................................... 680 R INTRODUCTION It is an honor to comment on the thought-provoking paper by my fellow Coloradans, Scott Phillips and Justin Marceau,1 and I thank the editors of the Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Law Review for providing a space to do so. I briefly discuss two issues related to the body of research on which Phillips and Marceau are building. First, I reflect on some of the broader issues that the statistical correlations between race and death sentencing are capturing. Second, I offer some observations about how research of this sort needs to evolve. We have come a long way since the early post-Gregg research on race and death sentencing,2 but we need to continue to develop this research, as Phillips and Marceau are doing, if we are to deepen our understanding of contemporary disparities in death sentencing.
    [Show full text]
  • And Bugis) in the Riau Islands
    ISSN 0219-3213 2018 no. 12 Trends in Southeast Asia LIVING ON THE EDGE: BEING MALAY (AND BUGIS) IN THE RIAU ISLANDS ANDREW M. CARRUTHERS TRS12/18s ISBN 978-981-4818-61-2 30 Heng Mui Keng Terrace Singapore 119614 http://bookshop.iseas.edu.sg 9 789814 818612 Trends in Southeast Asia 18-J04027 01 Trends_2018-12.indd 1 19/6/18 8:05 AM The ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute (formerly Institute of Southeast Asian Studies) is an autonomous organization established in 1968. It is a regional centre dedicated to the study of socio-political, security, and economic trends and developments in Southeast Asia and its wider geostrategic and economic environment. The Institute’s research programmes are grouped under Regional Economic Studies (RES), Regional Strategic and Political Studies (RSPS), and Regional Social and Cultural Studies (RSCS). The Institute is also home to the ASEAN Studies Centre (ASC), the Nalanda-Sriwijaya Centre (NSC) and the Singapore APEC Study Centre. ISEAS Publishing, an established academic press, has issued more than 2,000 books and journals. It is the largest scholarly publisher of research about Southeast Asia from within the region. ISEAS Publishing works with many other academic and trade publishers and distributors to disseminate important research and analyses from and about Southeast Asia to the rest of the world. 18-J04027 01 Trends_2018-12.indd 2 19/6/18 8:05 AM 2018 no. 12 Trends in Southeast Asia LIVING ON THE EDGE: BEING MALAY (AND BUGIS) IN THE RIAU ISLANDS ANDREW M. CARRUTHERS 18-J04027 01 Trends_2018-12.indd 3 19/6/18 8:05 AM Published by: ISEAS Publishing 30 Heng Mui Keng Terrace Singapore 119614 [email protected] http://bookshop.iseas.edu.sg © 2018 ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute, Singapore All rights reserved.
    [Show full text]
  • International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding (IJMMU) Vol
    Comparative Study of Post-Marriage Nationality Of Women in Legal Systems of Different Countries http://ijmmu.com [email protected] International Journal of Multicultural ISSN 2364-5369 Volume 7, Issue 1 and Multireligious Understanding February, 2020 Pages: 734-741 Food Security Policy Implementation Network in Bone Novayanti Sopia Rukmana S; Alwi; Gita Susanti 1 Public Administration, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Hasanuddin University, Indonesiaaf 6666 http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v7i1.1415 Abstract This study aims to explain the structure in the network of food security policy implementation in Bone Regency and explain the coordination in the network of food security policy implementation in Bone Regency. This research uses a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques for in-depth interviews, documentation, and observation. Data were analyzed with data reduction techniques, data presentation, conclusion making, and verification. The results showed the structure in the network organization for implementing food security policies which included non-government officials and CBOs (Community-Based Organization). The actor interaction pattern is measured by the frequency of contacts in the food security policy network including the contribution of actors, namely providing resources, the high intensity of actor introductions and the utility obtained by the Community Based Organization in the implementation of the program. The second sub-dimension is the low level of trust between actors, seen from the ineffective program implementation. The quality of information sharing in the food security policy network is still low. Resources exchange in food security policy is still limited. Keywords: Public Policy Network; Implementation; Food Security Introduction The network of public policy implementation basically involves government and non-government parties to be involved in the implementation process which is considered capable of solving various complex problems and improving the quality of meeting public needs.
    [Show full text]
  • Schinne, 1683-1855
    Nummer Toegang: 1.10.75.01 Inventaris van het archief van de familie Van Schinne, 1683-1855 Versie: 15-08-2019 J.H. Rombach Nationaal Archief, Den Haag 1962 This finding aid is written in Dutch. 1.10.75.01 Schinne, van 3 INHOUDSOPGAVE Beschrijving van het archief......................................................................................5 Aanwijzingen voor de gebruiker................................................................................................6 Openbaarheidsbeperkingen.......................................................................................................6 Beperkingen aan het gebruik......................................................................................................6 Materiële beperkingen................................................................................................................6 Andere toegang........................................................................................................................... 6 Aanvraaginstructie...................................................................................................................... 6 Citeerinstructie............................................................................................................................ 6 Archiefvorming...........................................................................................................................7 Geschiedenis van de archiefvormer............................................................................................7
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix Appendix
    APPENDIX APPENDIX DYNASTIC LISTS, WITH GOVERNORS AND GOVERNORS-GENERAL Burma and Arakan: A. Rulers of Pagan before 1044 B. The Pagan dynasty, 1044-1287 C. Myinsaing and Pinya, 1298-1364 D. Sagaing, 1315-64 E. Ava, 1364-1555 F. The Toungoo dynasty, 1486-1752 G. The Alaungpaya or Konbaung dynasty, 1752- 1885 H. Mon rulers of Hanthawaddy (Pegu) I. Arakan Cambodia: A. Funan B. Chenla C. The Angkor monarchy D. The post-Angkor period Champa: A. Linyi B. Champa Indonesia and Malaya: A. Java, Pre-Muslim period B. Java, Muslim period C. Malacca D. Acheh (Achin) E. Governors-General of the Netherlands East Indies Tai Dynasties: A. Sukhot'ai B. Ayut'ia C. Bangkok D. Muong Swa E. Lang Chang F. Vien Chang (Vientiane) G. Luang Prabang 954 APPENDIX 955 Vietnam: A. The Hong-Bang, 2879-258 B.c. B. The Thuc, 257-208 B.C. C. The Trieu, 207-I I I B.C. D. The Earlier Li, A.D. 544-602 E. The Ngo, 939-54 F. The Dinh, 968-79 G. The Earlier Le, 980-I009 H. The Later Li, I009-I225 I. The Tran, 1225-I400 J. The Ho, I400-I407 K. The restored Tran, I407-I8 L. The Later Le, I4I8-I8o4 M. The Mac, I527-I677 N. The Trinh, I539-I787 0. The Tay-Son, I778-I8o2 P. The Nguyen Q. Governors and governors-general of French Indo­ China APPENDIX DYNASTIC LISTS BURMA AND ARAKAN A. RULERS OF PAGAN BEFORE IOH (According to the Burmese chronicles) dat~ of accusion 1. Pyusawti 167 2. Timinyi, son of I 242 3· Yimminpaik, son of 2 299 4· Paikthili, son of 3 .
    [Show full text]
  • Environment, Trade and Society in Southeast Asia
    Environment, Trade and Society in Southeast Asia <UN> Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde Edited by Rosemarijn Hoefte (kitlv, Leiden) Henk Schulte Nordholt (kitlv, Leiden) Editorial Board Michael Laffan (Princeton University) Adrian Vickers (Sydney University) Anna Tsing (University of California Santa Cruz) VOLUME 300 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/vki <UN> Environment, Trade and Society in Southeast Asia A Longue Durée Perspective Edited by David Henley Henk Schulte Nordholt LEIDEN | BOSTON <UN> This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution- Noncommercial 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-NC 3.0) License, which permits any non-commercial use, distri- bution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. The realization of this publication was made possible by the support of kitlv (Royal Netherlands Institute of Southeast Asian and Caribbean Studies). Cover illustration: Kampong Magetan by J.D. van Herwerden, 1868 (detail, property of kitlv). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Environment, trade and society in Southeast Asia : a longue durée perspective / edited by David Henley, Henk Schulte Nordholt. pages cm. -- (Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde ; volume 300) Papers originally presented at a conference in honor of Peter Boomgaard held August 2011 and organized by Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-90-04-28804-1 (hardback : alk. paper) -- ISBN 978-90-04-28805-8 (e-book) 1. Southeast Asia--History--Congresses. 2. Southeast Asia--Civilization--Congresses.
    [Show full text]