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State Report Poland 10 July 2002 ACFC/SR(2002)002 ______ REPORT SUBMITTED BY POLAND PURSUANT TO ARTICLE 25, PARAGRAPH 1 OF THE FRAMEWORK CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF NATIONAL MINORITIES ______ ACFC/SR(2002)002 TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I: GENERAL PART............................................................................................................5 1. Characteristics of the political system, administrative division, geographical location of national and ethnic minorities.........................................................................................................5 2. Status of international law in the national legislation.................................................................6 3. Declarations and speeches presenting Poland’s policy in the field of protection of national and ethnic minorities.........................................................................................................6 4. Population of national and ethnic minorities..............................................................................8 5. General characteristics of national and ethnic minorities in Poland ..........................................9 6. Description of the situation on the territories inhabited by particular minorities.....................16 7. Basic data..................................................................................................................................17 PART II: REALISATION OF THE FRAMEWORK CONVENTION FOR THE PROTECTION OF NATIONAL MINORITIES ...................................................................................................19 Article 1 ........................................................................................................................................19 Article 2 ........................................................................................................................................19 Article 3 ........................................................................................................................................19 Article 4 ........................................................................................................................................20 Article 5 ........................................................................................................................................21 Article 6 ........................................................................................................................................24 Article 7 ........................................................................................................................................25 Article 8 ........................................................................................................................................25 Article 9 ........................................................................................................................................29 Article 10 ......................................................................................................................................34 Article 11 ......................................................................................................................................35 Article 12 ......................................................................................................................................36 Article 13 ......................................................................................................................................39 Article 14 ......................................................................................................................................39 Article 15 ......................................................................................................................................42 Article 16 ......................................................................................................................................44 Article 17 ......................................................................................................................................44 Article 18 ......................................................................................................................................45 Article 19 ......................................................................................................................................48 PART III: AUTHORITIES AND INSTITUTIONS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE REALISATION OF POLICY TOWARDS MINORITIES AND ACTIONS UNDERTAKEN BY THEM..........49 PART IV: DATA CONCERNING CRIMINALITY...................................................................56 PART V: FINAL REMARKS......................................................................................................58 PART VI: ANNEXE: LEGAL STATUS.....................................................................................59 EXTRACT OF KEY LEGAL REGULATIONS CONCERNING THE RIGHTS OF NATIONAL MINORITIES IN THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND of 2 April 1997 (Journal of Laws no. 78, item 483) .........................61 PROVISIONS CONCERNING PARTICIPATION IN PUBLIC LIFE ACT OF 17 MAY 1998 ON THE GUARANTEES OF THE FREEDOM OF CONSCIENCE AND FAITH (UNIFORM TEXT: 2000 JOURNAL OF LAWS NO. 26, ITEM 319) ...........................................................66 REGULATIONS CONCERNING THE LANGUAGE...............................................................74 REGULATIONS CONCERNING THE CULTURE...................................................................81 REGULATIONS CONCERNING EDUCATION.......................................................................82 REGULATIONS CONTAINED IN THE CODES......................................................................98 2 ACFC/SR(2002)002 REGULATIONS CONTAINED IN BILATERAL AGREEMENTS / AGREEMENTS CONCLUDED WITH THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUSSIA ...................................................102 AGREEMENTS CONCLUDED WITH THE CZECH AND SLOVAKIAN FEDERAL REPPUBLIC...............................................................................................................................106 AGREEMENTS CONCLUDED WITH THE REPUBLIC OF LITHUANIA..........................108 AGREEMENTS CONCLUDED WITH THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY.........115 AGREEMENTS CONCLUDED WITH THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION ...............................119 AGREEMENTS CONCLUDED WITH THE REPUBLIC OF UKRAINE..............................125 * * * 3 ACFC/SR(2002)002 Act of 27 April 2000 on Ratification of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities (Journal of Laws no. 50, item 579) Art. 1. It is hereby agreed that the President of the Republic of Poland shall ratify the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, done in Strasbourg on 1 February 1995. Art. 2. The Act shall enter into force within 14 days following its publication. On 18 April 2000, the Council of Ministers of the Republic of Poland adopted the interpretation Declaration to the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities. The President of the Republic of Poland, Aleksander Kwaśniewski, signed the ratification act of the Convention on 10 November 2000. On 20 December 2000, at the seat of the Council of Europe in Strasbourg, ratification documents together with the Interpretation Declaration were deposited. Poland became signatory to the Convention on 1 April, 2001. Interpretation Declaration Considering that the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities does not contain any definition of national minority, Poland declares that this term shall mean national minorities inhabiting the territory of the Republic of Poland whose members are Polish citizens. The Republic of Poland shall realise the Framework Convention also under art. 18 of the Convention by concluding international agreements, referred to in this articles, aimed at protection of national minorities in Poland and Polish minorities and groups in other states. * * * 4 ACFC/SR(2002)002 PART I: GENERAL PART 1. Characteristics of the political system, administrative division, geographical location of national and ethnic minorities. The Republic of Poland covers the area of 312 685 km2 and is inhabited by 38 644 211 citizens (data published by the Central Statistical Office as at 31 December 2000). It borders on the Federal Republic of Germany, Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, Ukraine, Republic of Belarussia, Lithuanian Republic and Russian Federation (Kaliningrad District). Most of Polish citizens belonging to national minorities are indigenous people. It should be noted that from 1385 to 1795 the lands of the today’s Lithuania, Belarussia, most of Ukraine and Poland were a state organisation based not on territorial conquest but on voluntary state union (multinational Republic). Religious tolerance of the Republic of Poland of that time favoured the inflow of believers of other religions which contributed to the presence on the territory of Poland of Czechs – descendants of the Hussites, Russians – Greek Orthodox believers, Jews and German protestants. Before World War II, national minorities accounted for one third of the whole population of Poland. As a result of the Holocaust, territorial changes after 1945 and displacements and relocations of the population, national proportions underwent considerable changes and, at present, national minorities account for 2-3% of the country inhabitants. The Republic of Poland is a nationally homogeneous country, with parliamentary and cabinet
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