TOWARD INCLUSIVE AGRICULTURE- LED ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION OF THE NORTHERN SAVANNAH ZONE OF Lifting the Savannah, Lifting Ghana

December 2016

Savannah Accelerated sada Development Authority

©2016-12 Savannah Accelerated Development Authority (SADA) Prepared by the Savannah Accelerated Development Authority (SADA)  2016-12 Savannah Accelerated Development Authority (SADA) Lamaseghu, Industrial Area, Tamale, Northern Region, Ghana House # 16, 5th Link, Cantonments, Opposite American Embassy, , Ghana

+233 372 028 997 [email protected]

i FOREWORD

The SADA Zone holds major agricultural promise that – when harnessed – will not only make the country highly secure and less dependent on imports, but more importantly transform the lives of the zone's inhabitants quite significantly -- the zone currently records lower performances in all major indices of socio-economic performance compared to the naonal average,” Charles Abugre, CEO, SADA. From Commercial Agriculture Investment Guide: The Northern Savannah Ecological Zone of Ghana, published by SADA.

“The vision of SADA is to see a transformed Northern Savannah Ecological Zone; a place of opportunity and free from poverty. SADA aims to achieve this vision through coordinaon, collaboraon and facilitaon. SADA's key values are: Sustainability, Professionalism, Integrity and Accountability, Respect for Diversity and Gender, Impact, and Trust.” Charles Abugre, CEO, SADA. From Commercial Agriculture Investment Guide: The Northern Savannah Ecological Zone of Ghana, published by SADA.

“The agricultural potenal of the SADA Zone, mainly its large-scale irrigaon possibilies, is largely untapped. The SADA Zone with at least 8 million unused or underulized ha of agricultural land with highly suitable soils, is open for a massive ulizaon of the regions land and water resources for large- scale irrigated farming, development of modern agro-industry value chains, including vegetable oils, rice, sugar, coon, cassava, shea, high value tree crops and vegetables among others. There are at least USD 2 billion in annual food imports that can be substuted with domesc producon, including rice, sugar, chicken meat, and edible oils.” From Commercial Agriculture Investment Guide: The Northern Savannah Ecological Zone of Ghana, published by SADA.

“SADA's priority focus includes Agricultural Modernizaon, Infrastructure and Irrigaon Development, Development of Manufacturing and Industrial Zones, Mining and Natural Resource Development, Urban Modernizaon, Investment Promoon, and Business Facilitaon and Stewardship. SADA stands ready to support every investor; to work with other state organizaons to navigate the necessary regulatory processes to be able to realize their objecve of successful investment in the SADA Zone.” Charles Abugre, CEO, SADA. From Commercial Agriculture Investment Guide: The Northern Savannah Ecological Zone of Ghana, published by SADA.

ii Table of Contents

Background...... 1 1.0 Introducon: Planning For Agriculture-Led Economic Transformaon...... 2  2.0 Agricultural Potenal and Constraints In The SADA Zone...... 7 2.1. Potenal For Agricultural-Led Transformaon of the SADA Zone 2.2. Constraints Facing Agricultural-Led Transformaon of the SADA Zone 

3.0 Internaonal Experiences In Savannah Ecological Zones...... 12

4.0 Main Findings And Proposed Zones From SADA's Agricultural Master Plan...... 15 4.1. Overview of Main Findings and Game-Changing Projects 4.2. Proposed Agricultural Value Chains 4.3. SADA's Proposed 6 Agribusiness Development Zones from Agricultural Masterplan  5.0 Agricultural Investment Workshop (Aiw) Road Map Recommendaons...... 20 5.1. Approach 5.2. Strategic Investments 5.3. Enabling Environment and Financing 5.4. Secure Access to Land And Sustainable Land Management 5.5. Access to Seeds And Other Inputs 5.6. Risk Management 5.7. Future Role of SADA 

6.0 The Way Forward...... 26 

Annex 1: Descripon of Agribusiness Development Zones 1 To 6 from Agricultural Masterplan... 27 Annex 2: Sustainable Use Of Water Resources...... 30 Annex 3: Proposed Strategic Pillars, Framework Programs and Policy Projects from SADA's Agricultural Masterplan...... 33 Annex 4: Inventory of Exisng Agricultural Projects In SADA Zone...... 35 4.1. Introducon to NSAICU 4.2. Inventory of Exisng Projects

iii List of Figures, Boxes and Tables

Figure 1: SADA Zone Polical Regions and Districts...... 3

Figure 2: Comparisons of Extents Of Suitable Land (Very Suitable, Suitable And Moderately Suitable) For Crop Producon Under Rain-Fed And Irrigated Condions (Million Ha)....10

Figure 4: Agribusiness Development Zones As Proposed In SADA Agricultural Masterplan...... 18

Figure 3: Hydrographic Network and Major River Basins in the Northern Savannah Ecological Zone...... 32

Box 1: Roles of SADA......  2

Box 2: Poverty In Northern Ghana...... 4

Box 3: Masterplan Consultants...... 5

Box 4: SADA Vision, Goals, and Objecves: Green Economic Hub of Ghana and the Gateway To Sahel...... 6

Box 5: USAID Publicaons on Agricultural Potenal of the SADA Zone......  8

Box 6: Addressing Climate Change......  9

Box 7: Awakening The Sleeping African Giant...... 12

Box 8: Good Agricultural Pracces and Climate-Smart Agriculture...... 13

Box 9: Agricultural Clusters and Agropoles...... 14

Box 10: Road Map to the Road Map...... 20

Box 11: Potenal for Flood Recession Agriculture...... 21

Box 12: SADA Land Trust...... 23

Box 13: Agricultural Sector Risk Assessment...... 25

Table 1: SADA's Proposed 6 Agriculture Development Zones: Main Features...... 19

iv BACKGROUND

The Savannah Accelerated Development private sectors and civil society, and with His Authority (SADA has been undertaking a process Excellency President John Mahama parcipang to develop a long-term Regional Development in the closing session. The key quesons Plan that includes Regional and Agricultural addressed were: a) What is needed to make the Masterplans for development of the SADA Zone; SADA Zone aracve for private sector including projecons for the next 30 years. investments, b) How can Ghana achieve inclusive agricultural-led economic transformaon of the This booklet is a synthesis of several documents SADA Zone, and c) What are the “low-lying” short- published by SADA since January 2016. These term soluons and acons to achieve long-term documents synthesize and summarize findings of objecves? The key output of the workshop was a numerous scienfic research studies and “Road Map” of recommendaons for agricultural- consultaons with stakeholders; as part of the led economic transformaon of the SADA Zone. preparaon of the Northern Savannah See the SADA website for weblinks to the Transformaon Program. workshop agenda, parcipants, presentaons, and the Road Map presentaon received by H.E. Consultaons have been held with numerous President John Mahama. stakeholders in numerous places. The key queson addressed was: "What needs to be done, This booklet is part of the “process” to develop a priorised or done differently, in order to harness comprehensive Agricultural Development the vast resources of the zone to accelerate Program for agriculture-led economic development, transform the zone, eliminate transformaon of the SADA Zone; that is mul- extreme poverty and bridge the development gap sectoral and coordinated with development in an environmentally sustainable way in the partners and Government. This document can be shortest possible me"? viewed as a being based on a broad “consensus”, since it is the result of a long consultave process Drawing upon the Masterplan Concept Note with thousands of stakeholders. (published in January 2016) and numerous background studies, SADA's Regional and Please visit the SADA website www.sadagh.org Agricultural Masterplans were finalized in July 2016, and summary reports were published. In addion, SADA has published a Commercial Agriculture Investment Guide. Visit the SADA website for weblinks to the various publicaons.

In addion to preparaon of the Regional and Agricultural Masterplans that present a long-term vision and strategy, SADA organised an Agricultural Investment Workshop (AIW) in June 21-23, 2016 in Accra with the objecve to idenfy a “Road Map” of short-term priories and recommended acons that are deemed to be necessary to achieve the long-term objecves of the Masterplans. The SADA AIW included many stakeholders from public and

1 1.0 INTRODUCTION: PLANNING FOR AGRICULTURE-LED ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION

The Savannah Accelerated Development BOX 1: ROLES OF SADA Authority (SADA) was established in 2010 by the SADA is the key Government Authority for as an independent and coordinang, facilitang, catalysing and autonomous instuon to provide a framework implemenng development projects, both for the comprehensive and long-term with public and private players. SADA is development of the Northern Savannah consolidang its mandate as a one-stop- Ecological Zone (NSEZ). The NSEZ or “SADA shop centre for investors in the Northern Zone” includes Northern Region, Upper East Savannah Ecological Zone (NSEZ) and, in Region, and (since 2014) the that regard, it can play a number of roles bordering northernmost districts of Brong Ahafo including bureaucracy facilitaon, land Region and . See Figure 1. acquision, engagement with key The need to establish SADA was inspired by Government Authories, and others. SADA Arcle 36 (2) (d) of the 1992 Constuon which delivers its core objecves by facilitang, enjoins Government to pursue balanced catalysing, collaborang, coordinang and development of the Country. The Northern assisng any development or private Savannah Ecological Zone of Ghana despite being investment projects across its area of replete with resources is the poorest and most influence. It is a “problem solving underdeveloped part of Ghana. SADA was instuon” and hand-holds its partners to therefore established by the SADA Act, 2010 (Act ensure that the investments are successful 805), to provide a framework for the in terms of jobs and social impacts on the comprehensive and long term development of people. the NSEZ. From Commercial Agriculture Investment To ensure accelerated and integrated Guide: The Northern Savannah Ecological development of the NSEZ, SADA is also mandated Zone of Ghana, published by SADA. to mobilise human, financial and other resources, and to coordinate exisng and future See: www.sadagh.org development projects (by Government, donors, NGOs) and related policies (naonal and local) with a view to ensuring coherence in project Development and socio-economic indicators in planning, policy-making, and implementaon. the north of Ghana lag behind the south, and one of SADA's objecve is to close the gap. However, Most of the SADA Zone can be classified agro- in reality development of the SADA Zone is not ecologically as semi-arid Guinea-Savannah Zone. just about improving socio-economic outcomes in The SADA Zone covers about 54% of Ghana's the SADA Zone. In fact, development of the SADA territory, and is home to about 25% of its Zone is a naonal imperave for Ghana's balance populaon. However, the poverty rate in the of payments, macroeconomic stability, economic SADA zone is over 40%; about double the naonal growth, food security, jobs, and poverty average. The SADA zone is a lagging region reducon. Thus, the moo for SADA's recently because of its relavely challenging agro- launched Northern Savannah Transformaon ecological condions, low socio-economic Program is “Liing the Savannah, Liing Ghana”. indicators, and historical neglect in public investment in infrastructure and services.

2 Zone SADA ormaon of Agriculture in the olical Regions And Districts Regions olical Zone P Zone SADA : Figure 1 Figure

Resources and Masterplan for the Transf for and Masterplan Resources Source: Source:

3 BOX 2: POVERTY IN NORTHERN As part of the preparaon of the Northern GHANA Savannah Transformaon Program, SADA has been undertaking a highly parcipatory process According to the World Bank (2011) report on to develop a long-term Regional Development Tackling Poverty in Northern Ghana: “the Plan that includes Regional and Agricultural majority of Ghana's poor live in Northern Ghana, Masterplans for accelerated development of the where the poor are also poorer. Parcipatory and SADA Zone. SADA has been preparing the quantave assessments describe a situaon masterplans in coordinaon with the Naonal where the poor in Northern Ghana are Development Policy Commission (NDPC) and the predominantly rainfall-dependent farmers. These Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MOFA), and in farmers are highly vulnerable to shocks given the consultaon with stakeholders. limited diversificaon of their income sources. While the poor have lile educaon, increases in SADA's Regional Masterplan includes spaal educaon in Northern Ghana do not seem to have planning for the enre SADA Zone, and planning provided greater livelihood opportunies. This is of two cies (Tamale and ). The Regional reflecve of the absence of beer off-farm Master Plan focuses aenon on development of opportunies in these regions. To cope with the urban centres in the SADA Zone to best facilitate various shocks to which they are exposed (floods, an agricultural-led economic transformaon. droughts, insects, diseases, conflicts – all of which are preventable with relevant infrastructure, According to SADA's Regional Masterplan, the key public services, insurance and conflict resoluon strategy for the SADA Zone is that economic mechanisms) the poor tend to mortgage their diversificaon is needed to achieve more prospects to eventually escape poverty by accelerated and sustainable growth. The depleng their human and physical capital and economic diversificaon strategy entails adopng risky behaviours, including child enhancing the agricultural sector, along with migraon or illegal arsanal mining.” expanding the services and manufacturing sectors to contribute to greater economic growth. hp://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/44 This is to tap into the opportunies arising from 5681468030627288/Tackling-poverty-in- the increasing demand of domescally produced Northern-Ghana consumer products, parcularly from the expanding middle class in Ghana, as well from the Significant economic disparity exists between the growing demand from the exports market around northern and the southern . In the immediate neighbourhood in ECOWAS the Northern Region 10% of households are food region. insecure, almost three mes the naonal average, and more than 33% of children under five have Agriculture remains as an important sector for the been recorded as stunted. Local governments are SADA Zone given its exisng capabilies and high limited in their ability to provide public services by potenal. However, it needs to be more long distances between communies, low diversified and producve; potenally through populaon density and poor quality of larger farms, encouraging private-sector infrastructure. Women in Northern Ghana are parcipaon, enhancing skills in agricultural especially vulnerable as they face gender management, and developing supporng infrastructure in areas such as irrigaon, water inequalies that restrict their full parcipaon in and yield management. The agricultural sector the country's development, including limited will also be coupled with agro-processing such access to and control over resources, access to that the downstream processing will value add educaon and services, and parcipaon in the agricultural products which ulmately decision making. becomes an integral part of the industrial sector. From: USAID Brief for the Resiliency in Northern Agri-business cuts across agricultural value chains Ghana (RING) Project. via producon, processing, markeng, servicers, etc.

4 Manufacturing would be encouraged and that agricultural development of Ghana's supported by providing investors with Northern Savannah – with a focus on developing appropriate incenves to so that surplus irrigated agriculture – an aspiraon of Ghana ever agricultural labour can be acvely employed. In since independence. As such, there are the short term, low and intermediate value added numerous exisng analyses and reports on the manufacturing acvies in areas such as texles, natural resource base and agricultural potenal light assembly, and packaging can potenally for the SADA Zone. absorb semi-skilled labour with basic training in producon methods. The planning process undertaken by SADA has been a mix of consultaons (meengs and on- To develop the manufacturing sector in the line), review of literature, high level technical medium-term, a sequenal approach should be support organised in advisory commiees, and adopted by starng with a focus on agro- foreign technical assistance, all providing inputs processing and then widening the industrial space into Regional and Agricultural Masterplans. The to other products and producon technology, mul-stakeholder consultaon process includes alongside the development of technical training the Naonal Development Planning Commission, colleges to support the supply of skilled and semi- representaves of different polical pares, skilled workers in these areas. members of parliament, tradional authories, business leaders, civil society organisaons, The services sector further plays a key role in the professional organisaons, metropolitan, economic diversificaon of SADA Zone, which municipal and district assemblies, development include logiscs, finance and business, retail and partners as well as themac sectors. tourism, healthcare, educaon and the public sector. Ulmately, the elements that constute The consultaon process was designed to ensure the three thrusts has to be seen integrated as a as much input as possible by the diverse coherent and efficient strategy for the stakeholder groups that will be affected by the transformaon of the Zone, as well as to facilitate results of the Regional Development Plan; to a seamless and self-augmenng policy design to ensure the relevance of the plan and buy-in from a catalyse economic growth. diverse range of stakeholders in public and private sectors, and civil society. The process is also The Agricultural Masterplan includes spaal technical; drawing upon both foreign and local planning of 6 Agribusiness Development Zones technical experts in joint efforts. that specialize in different agricultural value chains. The core purpose of this process is to find BOX 3: MASTERPLAN CONSULTANTS answers to the queson: "What needs to be done, priorised or done differently, in order to harness Surbana Internaonal Consultants (“Surbana”) is the vast resources of the zone to accelerate a Singapore-based firm with experse in urban development, transform the zone, eliminate and regional planning, and have been working extreme poverty and bridge the development gap with SADA on the Regional Masterplan. in an environmentally sustainable way in the shortest possible me"? Queiroz Galvão is a Brazil-based firm that specializes in engineering and construcon SADA believes that the Zone can transform (including the new Tamale airport). They are rapidly, if it is adequately posioned and backed working with SADA on the Agricultural by supporve public investments and policies. It is Masterplan, drawing upon the experience of envisioned that within 25 years the SADA Zone transformaon of the semi-arid Cerrado region in there will be a highly diversified economy Brazil. Queiroz Galvão also is involved in transformed by producve and compeve infrastructure investments for commercial agriculture and agro- industries and services that agriculture. Queiroz Galvão also provided support transform incomes and landscapes that boost the for this publicaon. rural economy, and that are closely linked to urban areas and markets. It is important to note

5 SADA's Regional and Agricultural Masterplans BOX 4: SADA VISION, GOALS, AND highlight the potenal for agriculture-led OBJECTIVES: GREEN ECONOMIC HUB OF economic transformaon and links within rural GHANA AND THE GATEWAY TO SAHEL areas, and between rural and urban economies. SADA's Regional and Agricultural Masterplans Vision: A vibrant and resilient middle income arculate a vision and idenfy game-changing economy that is: investments and acons to aract and channel public and private investments to transform the Green Economic Hub of Ghana: To fully ulize the SADA Zone into Ghana's green economic hub and advantages in developing agriculture and to gateway to the Sahel in an inclusive manner so ensure the SADA Zone is environmentally, socially that no one is le behind. and economically sustainable with its rapid growth and urbanizaon. The planning process is based on the premise that it will require mulple, strategic, simultaneous Gateway to Sahel: To fully capitalize on the and coordinated investments and intervenons strategic locaon of NSEZ as the Gateway to Sahel to create and sustain condions to grow and and to seize the opportunies that arises. diversify the economy and improve public Goals: To realize the vision, three goals aiming at services radically enough end extreme poverty economic, social and environmental sustainability and close the development gap between were formulated: northern and southern parts of Ghana. The long- term development strategy will be formulated in a Develop a vibrant and resilient middle income spaal context, with idenficaon of high- economy; potenal areas for select agricultural value chains. Establish a harmonious and smart community to The planning process is also an opportunity to live in; and strengthen partnerships and collaboraon with other parts of government and clarify and Create aracve, sustainable and clean living Strengthen SADA's mandate. Since the Naonal environment. Development Planning Commission (NDPC) has ulmate responsibility and mandate for Build catalyc, responsive and accountable development planning and coordinaon - SADA's instuons mandate in these areas is derived from the Naonal Development Planning System Law – the Promote sub-regional environmental, economic NDPC has a lead role in the SADA planning and cultural cooperaon process. SADA has also been working with the Town and County Planning Department (TCPD) to Objecves: Targeted objecves include achieving develop a “spaal development framework” for GDP per capita of greater than USD 4,000; the SADA Zone. developing resilient and diversified economy; and ensuring unemployment rate of less than 10%.

For harmonious and smart community, the objecves are targeted at achieving urban-rural income disparity of less than 20%; aaining more than 60% of workforce as skilled workers; and ensuring key social facilies are accessible within 100 km radius. For aracve, liveable and sustainable environment, the objecves are targeted at developing flood free region; ensuring zero net loss of forest areas; increasing use of renewable energy as at least 20% of total energy supply; and developing cleaner cies and region

6 2.0. AGRICULTURAL POTENTIAL AND CONSTRAINTS IN THE SADA ZONE

In this secon we highlight the agricultural management. SADA's Agricultural Masterplan potenal of the SADA Zone and also the indicate that with improved infrastructure, constraints that need to be addressed to achieve including expanded irrigaon, there is that potenal. This secon mostly draws upon considerable potenal to increase yields and SADA's Agricultural Masterplan and the SADA cropping cycles of exisng crops and introduce AIW Road Map. new crops, livestock, and aquaculture; and associated processing. The area is parcularly Despite numerous constraints and challenges, suitable for maize, rice, tubers (cassava, yam) and based on internaonal experiences in countries soybeans – especially under irrigaon - as well as with similar condions, it is widely agreed that the the tradional (rain-fed) coarse grains such as SADA Zone has huge agricultural potenal. Thus, sorghum and millet. There is also potenal for the SADA Zone should be viewed as a “diamond- horcultural crops (fruits and vegetables, and in-the-rough” to be polished and an “economic ornamentals). Many parts of the area are also reservoir” to be tapped. Secon 3 highlights some suitable for livestock (large and small), and there lessons learned from internaonal experiences in is potenal for aquaculture. agricultural-led economic transformaon under similar semi-arid Savannah condions to the The SADA Zone is blessed with vast lands and SADA Zone. valleys, crisscrossed by rivers suitable for commercial agriculture, irrigaon, hydropower 2.1 POTENTIAL FOR AGRICULTURAL- and water transport which combine to smulate LED TRANSFORMATION OF THE agro-processing; immense deposits of unexploited minerals suitable for a wide array of SADA ZONE industries, including minerals that can support agriculture (e.g., lime). Also, the SADA Zone is The potenal exists for the SADA Zone to develop predominantly lowland and flat. Since as a hub in the region with respect to transport mechanized (and irrigated) agricultural and logiscs (including ICT) within Ghana, and producon prefers flat areas for greater efficiency, with neighbours. The SADA Zone (especially its the SADA Zone is therefore very suitable for urban centres) has potenal as a market hub for mechanizaon. raw and processed agricultural inputs and outputs. There is potenal for agriculture (i.e., There is a need to capitalise on the enormous crops, trees, and livestock) and aquaculture. In irrigaon possibilies in the SADA Zone, which parcular, there are major import substuon are currently largely untapped. Almost every part opportunies that focus on domesc markets (in of the SADA Zone is suitable for one type of crop the SADA Zone and other parts of Ghana) based under irrigated condions. Extensive irrigaon on current and/or new types of crops, trees, schemes all across the zone have the potenal to livestock, and fish. increase suitable agriculture land area by 3 to 4 mes. Moreover, irrigaon would greatly improve Though most of the SADA Zone is semi-arid, three the yields of crops already suitable under rain fed of the Volta River' main tributaries – the White condions (see Figure 2). Volta, the Black Volta and O River -- flow permanently through the zone, and if combined One of the key findings of SADA's Agricultural with a strategy to harvest porons of the 40 billion Masterplan work is that there is tremendous cubic meters of annual run-off water, offer great potenal for accelerated commercial agriculture potenal for irrigaon. Thus, the SADA Zone is a modernizaon based on the intensive use of “diamond-in-the-rough” that can be polished and irrigaon infrastructure and 5climate-smart an economic reservoir with improved land/water agriculture technologies to support broad-based

7 economic and social transformaon, climate BOX 5 : USAID PUBLICATIONS ON change resilience and adaptaon. Sustainable AGRICULTURAL POTENTIAL OF THE SADA commercial agriculture development will be a ZONE catalyst to open up possibilies for dynamic agricultural value chains across the zone, opening USAID has published two publicaons that space for private investment upstream and idenfy agribusiness opportunies for downstream of farm level producon. internaonal and domesc investors in the SADA Zone. There are opportunies for large, medium, Commercial, irrigated agricultural development is and small enterprises. The SADA Districts viewed as the most important key to unlock the Investment Opportunies (2015) co-published by SADA Zone's potenal. Implemenng the policy, SADA and USAID provides detailed informaon technology and infrastructure proposions set for potenal investors on the agricultural (and forth in the Agricultural Masterplan of the SADA forestry, tourism) potenal of each of the 63 Zone and the AIW Road Map recommendaons districts, and Agribusiness Opportunies in will be instrumental for paving the way for Northern Ghana (2016) which presents 30 agriculture-led transformaon of the zone. commercially viable agribusiness investment and financing opportunies ed to staple crop There are many opportunies for agricultural producon in the northern regions. There is a producon and processing in the SADA Zone, and wide range of agricultural value chains that are considerable potenal exists for an agriculture- idenfied, and opportunies to invest in led transformaon of the Zone. But, there are also improving/expanding exisng enterprises and many constraints that must be addressed. Some facilies and/or new ones. of the constraints are related to natural condions (e.g. climate, soil quality, water resource See: www.ghanalinks.org the Electronic Library. availability) and locaonal factors, and others are related to policies and the overall business environment and cost of doing business. These constraints facing the SADA Zone can be 2.2 CONSTRAINTS FACING addressed by appropriate investments and policy AGRICULTURAL-LED changes, as evidenced in other countries with TRANSFORMATION OF THE similar condions. SADA ZONE A component of the Agricultural Masterplan is the Commercial Agriculture Investment Guide, Unfavourable natural condions: the SADA Zone published by SADA, and launched in January is a Guinea-Savannah Zone with challenging 2016. The guide draws aenon to the natural climac condions. There is limited and uncertain resources of the SADA Zone for commercial rainfall during a single rainy season, droughts and agriculture development based on findings of the floods, high temperatures and evapo- Agricultural Masterplan. The Guide brings transpiraon, and vulnerability to bushfires. Also, detailed informaon on the climate, water in general, there is low natural soil ferlity and resources and soils of the SADA Zone, in addion water-holding capacity. to highlighng the results of the land suitability analysis for 25 crops, livestock, aquaculture and Climate: The SADA Zone is characterized by year- forestry. It also brings informaon on 5 large-scale round warm temperatures and abundant irrigaon schemes, over 100 small dam sites for sunshine, which is conducive to producon of small and medium-sized irrigaon, hydropower various crops. A major constraint is the errac schemes, in addion to detailed informaon on (and somemes insufficient) rainfall paern. the investment process in Ghana. Rainfall has a unimodal paern, with a wet season from May to September, and a dry season from October to April. Even though rainfall is enough for most annual crops (grains, short-cycle vegetables), most of the SADA zone is limited to

8 single-cropping, and perennial crop farming is need to build a number of dams, water harvesng very challenging. Irrigaon systems, however, can structures, ponds and dugouts. There is a need for be developed through the harnessing of surface more knowledge about underground water and ground water, as a complimentary or full resources so that a clear understanding of management technique. Climate change is an potenal and limitaons of increased irrigaon increasing concern for the SADA Zone, especially can be factored into project development. if there is less and more errac rainfall, and higher Similarly, a strategy for the protecon of the river temperatures. Climac condions also have an basins needs to be developed. impact on diseases and pests facing crops, livestock, tree crops; and also humans. In all BOX 6: ADDRESSING CLIMATE CHANGE cases, it is important to address climate change (see Box 6) Addressing the challenges posed by climate change while increasing the economic Soil Quality: In general, soils in the SADA Zone are aracveness of agriculture are strategic suitable for a wide range of land ulizaon types, imperaves for commercial agriculture including arable farming, forestry and perennial development in the SADA Zone. Along with other crops. However, constraints of main soil types are objecves (such as mul-hazard risk management low natural ferlity, high acidity, sandy topsoil that is linked to social protecon and disaster texture, and clay hardpans starng at 20-40 cm management), climate-smart agriculture is a key depth. These constraints can be mostly overcome component of SADA's vision for sustainable by appropriate land use pracces in combinaons agriculture and agribusiness development with high input packages (e.g., applicaon of lime, enshrined in the Agricultural Masterplan. ferlizer packages), and by improved irrigaon and land-water management.

Land Suitability: Using the Agro-ecological Zones (AEZ) methodology, developed by the Food and Agriculture Organizaon of the United Naons (FAO), land suitability analysis for the SADA Zone was undertaken for 25 crops under rain-fed and irrigated condions, livestock (suitability for forage legumes, improved pasture – grasses and rangeland), agroforestry and planted forests and commercial pond aquaculture. Irrigaon can dramacally transform the agricultural landscape in the SADA Zone by substanally expanding the area of land suitable for agriculture, and also by increasing yields by shiing from rain-fed to irrigated condions in selected crops (mainly rice and sugar cane). See Figure 2.

Water Resources: The availability of water resources is a major strength of the SADA Zone. The constraint is accessing the available water resources. Irrigaon schemes operate at only one third of their capacity. There is more than 40 billion m³ of water in annual, renewable run-off from three major water basins (Black and White Voltas, O River) and several minor (sub) basins (Daka, Nasia, Kulpawn, etc.). To maximise access and use of the water resources for year-round irrigaon and power producon, there will be a

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Resources and Masterplan for the Transforma for and Masterplan Resources Figure Under Source: Source:

10 Remoteness from markets and inadequate of mulple checkpoints along roads. Maintaining infrastructure: the SADA Zone covers a large land peace and security In the SADA Zone is a crical area with relavely low populaon density and a factor for the private sector. corresponding lack of producve infrastructure with respect to roads, power, irrigaon, High cost of doing business: clearly challenging informaon and communicaon technology climac condions, the lack of infrastructure, and (ICT), and social infrastructure. In recent years an unconducive investment climate can there have been improvements in some of the contribute to high costs of doing business. There major north-south and east-west transportaon are some specific factors that contribute to the routes, but there sll is a lack of track roads and high cost of doing business in the SADA Zone. In feeder roads to main roads and markets (and a general, there is limited access to inputs, and a lack of suitable vehicles). There is a notable lack of high cost to obtain inputs. Furthermore, access to consistent power supply, and also a lack of finance is oen not an opon for many rural appropriate quality power (e.g., 1-phase vs. 3- dwellers. This includes a scarcity of skilled labour phase electricity supply). Having a power supply and managerial capability. Also, there is a lack of with consistent and appropriate quality is key for rules, regulaons and enforcement mechanisms agro-processing and also for irrigaon. for “doing business” in a compeve manner naonally and internaonally. With respect to irrigaon, there is poor ulizaon of exisng irrigaon systems, and a lack of farm Low Agricultural Producvity: is caused by many and community-based water harvesng systems. factors, including those related to natural factors Improved access to ICT, including mobile phones (e.g., climate, soils, water resources, and land and internet are also crical, along with access to suitability), and remoteness from markets and radios. There is also a lack of quality sheltered lack of infrastructure; and the unconducive warehouses and hygienic efficient markets with investment climate and high cost of doing suitable storage facilies. Besides the lack of business. In addion, there are problems related producve infrastructure, there is a lack of social to poor farm management pracces, diseases and infrastructure such as lack of schools, health pests, limited access to improved planng clinics, shops, entertainment for rural residents in materials, seeds and livestock breeds, low the SADA Zone. The lack of social infrastructure, adopon of exisng technologies due to poor in addion to producve infrastructure, makes market incenves and inaccessibility to relevant out-migraon an aracve opon, especially to inputs, limited appropriate technologies for youth. processing, transporng, handling and storing crop, fish and livestock products, limited Unconducive investment climate: it is difficult to knowledge of post-harvest management, and aract private sector investment to the SADA arduous tradional processing techniques. The Zone because the investment climate is not real queson is whether farmers in the SADA Zone conducive. There are complicated and somemes can achieve levels of producvity that would make conflicng relaonships between policies and them compeve in domesc and foreign bureaucrac processes. That is, policies might be markets. clear, but there are oen bureaucrac processes (e.g., rules and regulaons, need for permit), that impose extra costs and risks. As will be discussed later in the secon on access to land, there are cumbersome processes for acquiring land, and also for enforcing land contracts. Also to be discussed later is also difficulty to access high yielding seeds and other inputs in a mely and cost-effecve manner. In addion, there are impediments to free movement of goods because

11 3.0 INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCES IN SAVANNAH ECOLOGICAL ZONES

Globally, the semi-arid Savannah Ecological Zone depends on well-funconing markets. The spans across much of Sub-Saharan Africa, and also greatest challenge for commercial agriculture is to through parts of South America, India, South East put in place the instuons and polices that make Asia, and Australia. The Savannah Ecological Zone markets more efficient and less risky (World Bank, that passes through Africa is called the Guinea 2009, pp.18). Savannah Zone. According to the World Bank (2009) report: Awakening Africa's Sleeping Giant: Internaonal experience with agriculture-led Prospects for Commercial Agriculture in the economic transformaon in Savannah Zones Guinea Savannah Zone and Beyond, the African indicates that land policy, more than any other factors, determine the paern and distribuonal Guinea Savannah Zone is one of the largest impacts of agricultural growth. Providing secure underused agricultural land reserves in the world. and transferable land rights is crical to protecng the interests of local populaons while perming In terms of agro-climac features, the land is very entrepreneurial farmers to acquire unused land in similar to the Cerrado region of Brazil and the regions of low populaon density, allowing land to Northeast region of Thailand, with medium-to- change hands over me to those who can use it high agricultural potenal, but also significant most producvely, and providing incenves to constraints in the form of low and variable rainfall, invest in increasing land producvity (World Bank, and soils with low natural ferlity. Also, like the 2009, pp.16). SADA Zone, these regions in Brazil and Thailand were characterized by remoteness and lack of BOX 7: AWAKENING THE SLEEPING AFRICAN producve and social infrastructure, and high GIANT poverty rates. The World Bank (2009) report Awakening Africa's Thus, despite the long list of constraints facing the Sleeping Giant: Prospects for Commercial Agriculture SADA Zone, some developing countries with in the Guinea Savannah Zone and Beyond has been similar constraints (notably Brazil, Thailand, cited in SADA's Agricultural Masterplan as a “guide to Nigeria, Zambia and Mozambique) have the possible” for the SADA Zone. The report focuses on experienced successful agriculture-led economic the agricultural potenal of Africa's Guinea Savannah zone. In terms of its agro-climac features, the land is transformaons of lagging Guinea Savannah similar to that found in the Cerrado region of Brazil and areas. These successful internaonal experiences in the Northeast Region of Thailand, with medium-to- required: a) large-scale investments in producve high agricultural potenal but also significant and social infrastructure, b) strengthening of constraints in the form of inferle soils and variable exisng instuons and creaon of new rainfall. Based on a careful examinaon of the factors instuons, and c) adjusng policies and that contributed to the successes achieved in Brazil and incenves in a manner that promotes commercial Thailand, as well as comparave analysis of evidence agriculture and larger farms, while also supporng obtained from detailed case studies of three African smaller farms that are more focused on achieving countries—Mozambique, Nigeria, and Zambia—the food security (World Bank, 2009). report argues that opportunies abound for farmers in Africa. This provides reasons for opmism regarding Internaonal experience with agriculture-led the future prospects for agriculture as a major source of transformaon in Guinea Savannah Zones also inclusive growth in many parts of Africa. At the same me, the report concludes that success will not be points to the need for both public and private achieved easily. Making African agriculture compeve sector investments, and that efforts to improve will depend on geng policies right, strengthening the business climate are especially important to instuons, and increasing and improving investments commercial agriculture, as they are needed to in the sector. facilitate the entry of private seed and agro- processing companies, among others. By hp://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTARD/Resourc definion, successful commercial agriculture es/sleeping_giant.pdf

12 Successful transformaons of Savannah Zones in BOX 8: GOOD AGRICULTURAL PRACTICES AND other countries is what ulmately led the CLIMATE-SMART AGRICULTURE Government of Ghana to establish SADA as a special authority to address the developmental Typical good agricultural pracces (and climate- challenges of Ghana's NSEZ. In the African smart agriculture opons) include sustainable context, it has been noted that agriculture is land and water management techniques such as generally not compeve in global markets, but generally are compeve in domesc markets, so conservaon agriculture (minimum soil that there has been a focus on domesc markets disturbance, permanent organic soil cover, crop (i.e., import substuon) and exports to countries rotaon), contour farming, direct seeding, with shared borders, and other African countries. integrated pest management, water harvesng, Internaonal experience also points to potenal among many others. By generally improving the conflicts over land access and use. In fact, land use of resources (water, land) for agricultural tenure issues in the context of agriculture-led purposes (improving soil water holding capacity, economic transformaon pose enormous controlling erosion, improving soil structure with challenges that need to be addressed. Many of the recommendaons presented in this summary organic maer, boosng soil nutrients, etc.), these report are drawn from lessons learned in other techniques not only boost farmers capacity for countries. climate change resilience and adaptaon, but also strongly contribute to increasing financial One of the key assumpons behind the strong sustainability and profitability of agriculture. cooperaon between SADA and Brazil (through (Resources and Masterplan for the Queiroz Galvão) is the strong, long-term Transformaon of Agriculture in the SADA Zone) collaboraon that exists between Brazil and Ghana in the field of agriculture. Parcularly, Brazil has overseen, over the past 30 years, a major agriculture-led economic transformaon of The Agricultural Master Plan focuses aenon on its own Savannah Ecological Zone, the Cerrado. idenfying high-potenal areas and value chains Brazil's Cerrado has “transformed from a sleepy to drive agricultural development via producon backwater into a highly producve, globally and processing. SADA has adopted a “zonal compeve agricultural exporter”. Hence, Brazil approach” to development of the SADA Zone, has much to offer to Ghana in terms of knowledge whereby it is trying to use objecve evidence- and technology on how to transform a Savannah based analyses to idenfy areas of high-potenal environment (with the typical natural challenges and compeve advantage for select value chains. specific to it, such as errac rainfall, soil This zonal approach is usually referred to as a constraints, etc.) into a highly producve “cluster approach” or “growth pole approach”, agricultural froner. What is also relevant is that “agro-industrial zone approach” and more various technologies and techniques have been recently as an “agro-pole approach”. The African developed, tested and proven successful in the Development Bank (AfDB) has adopted the zonal Brazilian Savannah in the Ghanaian Savannah. approach for several countries and is using the Most of the techniques and technologies term “agro-pole approach”. Increasingly the AfDB contained under the Good Agriculture Pracces and World Bank/IFC have been advocang an extensively used in the Brazilian Savannah and agro-pole approach for agricultural-led economic proposed for the SADA Zone are also part of the transformaon in the Africa region. The SADA climate-smart agriculture approach. Agricultural Masterplan idenfies 6 Agribusiness Development Zones, each of which has some specifically targeted agricultural value chains and links to urban centres and major transport networks.

13 BOX 9: AGRICULTURAL CLUSTERS AND AGROPOLES

According to the United Naons Industrial Development Organizaon (UNIDO, 2016), developing agro-industrial clusters (also referred to as agricultural clusters, agro-poles, agro- industrial parks, and special economic zones) in Africa is a strategic approach to inclusive and sustainable development. To deliver effecvely and efficiently in the global interest of inclusive employment and sustainable development requires significant coordinaon of efforts, resources and knowledge; and leveraging the core competences of key stakeholders namely: a) government (not just the Ministry of Agriculture), b) development partners, and c) private sector entrepreneurs and businesses (local and foreign).

An agro-industrial cluster is a concentraon of producers, agro-industries, traders and other private and public actors engaged in the same industry and who are addressing common challenges and pursuing common opportunies. The concept is based on the relaonships between raw material suppliers and end users and the differences in design are defined by the degree of explicit coordinaon and power asymmetry.

A key objecve is to smulate private sector investments to drive a market-led agricultural transformaon by: a) shiing agriculture from government controlled to private sector led, b) transforming the agricultural financial landscape, c) channelling investments into infrastructure and services, and d) strengthening the policy and investment climate. This should help link farmers to markets for both inputs and products; thereby guaranteeing access to lower cost inputs and higher priced products. It is possible to increase food producon and processing, decrease post- harvest losses, create more employment and reduce out-migraon.

Excerpts from a presentaon made at the AfDB- sponsored conference on “The Role of Agropoles and Agro-Processing Zones in Feeding and Industrializing Africa” held March 22-23, 2016. Presentaon by Chuma Ezedinma, UNIDO. hp://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/D ocuments/Generic- Documents/Agropoles_Agenda_16-03- 2016_V_Eng.pdf

14 4. 0 MAIN FINDINGS AND PROPOSED ZONES FROM SADA'S AGRICULTURAL MASTER PLAN

SADA's Agricultural Masterplan has benefited 4.1. OVERVIEW OF MAIN FINDINGS from decades of acquired knowledge on the AND GAME-CHANGING PROJECTS natural resources, proposed infrastructure, contained in various surveys, feasibility studies, Among the main findings of the SADA Agricultural policy concept notes and documents developed Masterplan, it was concluded that in the SADA over the last decades. The works of the Zone there are: masterplan were organized under 4 main themac pillars. ¥ More than 8 million hectares (ha) of highly suitable land which can be used for Pillar 1 – Inventory of natural resources for environmentally and socially sustainable agricultural development and modernizaon commercial agricultural, livestock, forestry included gathering and review of exisng and aquaculture producon under rain-fed or informaon on soil condions, water resources, irrigated condions; climate, geology and other natural characteriscs of the SADA Zone. Informaon was organized ¥ 23 large and medium sized dam sites which both in spaal and database modes and is can be developed for hydropower, irrigaon, available for disseminaon among stakeholders flood control, aquaculture, and/or and private investors. mulpurpose uses;

Pillar 2 – Land suitability assessment invesgated ¥ 5 proposed large-scale irrigaon schemes (> the suitability of 25 crops under rain-fed and 4,000 ha) with potenal gross irrigable land irrigated condions, livestock, forestry and ranging from 209,000 ha to 547,000 ha; aquaculture, based on the FAO-IIASA Agro- ecological Zones (AEZ) approach. ¥ Over 104 small dam sites across 95 small catchments which can harness over 104,000 Pillar 3 – Proposed infrastructure development ha of irrigaon in small and medium-sized consolidated different infrastructure proposals schemes (400 ha > 4,000 ha); developed in different feasibility assessments (dams, irrigaon schemes, others) into an ¥ Over 40 billion m³ of renewable water that can integrated set of potenal projects. be tapped for irrigaon and human/animal consumpon; Pillar 4 – Policies, Technologies, Value Chains and Spaal Framework provides opons and a ¥ Availability of large quanes of lime deposits proposed course of acon based on the that can be used to improve soil quality. idenficaon of agribusiness development zones delineated along unique and complementary Based on findings from the SADA Agricultural value chain potenals. Masterplan, there are several potenal “game- changing” investments/projects. It was found Some of the specific findings and proposals from that with public investment of about USD 2 billion SADA's Agricultural Masterplan are presented into infrastructure for irrigaon, power, and roads ahead. over the next 20 years could leverage and achieve:

¥ 200,000 ha under irrigaon in large, medium and small-sized irrigaon schemes (with 50% funded by public investments and 50% funded by the private sector);

15 ¥ Aract between USD 1.9 to USD 2.3 billion of subsistence to commercial agriculture among private investment into farming, downstream smallholders, sustainability, seed and agro- processing, and addional irrigaon chemicals policy and access improvements, infrastructure; aracon of private investment, climate-risk and mul-hazard assessment capacity creaon, ¥ Create from 400,000 to 450,000 permanent among others. jobs along targeted value chains; Annex 3 contains a detailed table explaining the ¥ Generate addional annual value chain strategic pillars, framework programs and policy revenues of about USD 1.2 billion in the rice, projects proposed in SADA's Agricultural poultry, vegetable oils, sugar, fruits and Masterplan. vegetables (including exoc crops such as chilli, etc.). It needs to be emphasized that all of the proposals in SADA's Agricultural Masterplan take into SADA's Agricultural Masterplan emphasizes that account the crical issue of how different projects transformaonal investments in infrastructure might impact the overall water balance in the (e.g., irrigaon, power, transport, ICT), changes in SADA Zone and downstream areas in the rest of policies that improve access to and efficient use of Ghana. inputs, and appropriate environmentally sustainable agricultural technologies and Irrigang 200,000 ha of land will likely require an pracces are key to: esmated annual water abstracon rate of 3 billion m³, corresponding to 7% of all annual ¥ Creang an enabling environment to aract runoff in the Volta Basin and 13% of the Volta substanal private investment into the zone; runoff generated within Ghana), believed to be sustainable abstracon rates within the current ¥ Increasing the aracveness, sustainability and future scenarios of water availability and in and profitability of agricultural producon to line with much of available internaonal smallholder, medium and large farmers; and experience.

¥ Improving the livelihoods, creang jobs, A key concern regards potenal power generaon economic and social development, increasing losses at the downstream Akosombo and Kpong food security and incremenng Ghana's dams. While increased upstream consumpve economic clout through import substuon uses may impact power generaon, it is also true and export revenue creaon. that potenal losses may well be offset by addional opportunies opened by irrigaon The proposed policy framework is structured (power generaon from crops biomass - sugar upon 3 strategic pillars, 9 framework programs cane, rice husks, etc.) as well as the huge potenal and 49 policy projects. The 3 strategic pillars are: for renewable energy (mainly solar) available in 1) Establishment and/or improvement of the key the SADA Zone. hard (i.e., infrastructure), so (i.e., policies, instuons) structures and informaon systems, Groundwater as an alternave source, 2) Improving and upgrading farm level producon increasingly efficient irrigaon methods, climate- in a sustainable manner, and 3) Launching smart agriculture and good agricultural pracces successful downstream processing and should also contribute to the sustainability of agriculture-based industrializaon (i.e., irrigaon water use. agribusiness value chains). Historical and up-to-date hydrological studies, in The policy projects are proposed to deal with addion to assessments on the impacts of climate specific constraints and targets, such as land change on river run-off and analyses were used to tenure, financing for large, medium and small address this sensive subject. Annex 4 contains a farmers, financing for public infrastructure, hydrological map and details about water use irrigaon infrastructure, improvement of research scenarios. and extension services, transformaon of

16 4.2. PROPOSED AGRICULTURAL ¥ Sugar; VALUE CHAINS ¥ Fruits (citrus, mango, cashew, pineapple, A value chain approach views all producon plantain/banana) - for fresh-cut, frozen fruits, stages (farm producon, up and downstream juices and concentrates; services and processing) as one single system. ¥ Strong value chains can create significant returns Fresh and processed vegetables – for for sociees and market players alike. The SADA domesc markets and neighbouring Zone's strong suitability for agriculture provides countries, and airborne transport to Europe t h e f o u n d a on for the crea o n o f and other markets; environmentally and economically sustainable ¥ value chains. Aquaculture (pond and reservoir-based). 4.3. SADA ' S PROPOSED 6 SADA's Agricultural Masterplan idenfied several high-potenal agriculture value chains based on AGRIBUSINESS DEVELOPMENT the following criteria: ZONES FROM AGRICULTURAL MASTERPLAN ¥ The natural suitability of the SADA Zone to grow the specific crops required within Analysis of the agricultural resources of the SADA specific value chains; Zone indicates that different parts of the SADA Zone have different characteriscs, e.g. share of ¥ Their potenals to socially and economically resources, dynamic of urban and rural transform the SADA Zone; populaons, availability of agricultural land versus environmentally-protected areas, land suitability, ¥ Their labour-intensiveness and job creaon suitable for different transformaonal paths. potenal; Thus there is a need for a spaally differenated framework for agriculture-led economic ¥ Their potenal contribuon to Ghana's transformaon. strategic development goals; According to SADA's Agricultural Masterplan, 6 ¥ Their contribuon to food security; and Agribusiness Development Zones were idenfied ¥ Their contribuon to import substuon and that generate specific agribusiness clusters (for export revenue creaon. specific agricultural value chains). The Agribusiness Development Zones are areas that The agriculture value chains that can potenally share common infrastructure (notably irrigaon, bring broad-based and long-lasng benefits to the power, transport, and informaon and SADA Zone include: communicaon technology, ICT) and urban centres. Within each Agribusiness Development ¥ Grains, cereals and oilseeds (rice, maize, Zone there might be one or several value chains soybean, sorghum, millet, groundnuts, (or clusters) that share the infrastructure and cowpea, etc.) – for direct consumpon urban-based services. and/or for vegetable oils, animal feed, fibres, etc.; Priority infrastructure projects were also idenfied as potenal catalysts of private ¥ Coon and texles investment and agribusiness value chains in each of the zones and clusters. The zones are shown in ¥ Poultry; the map in Figure 4, and their main features are summarized in Table 1. ¥ Meat and dairy livestock;

¥ Cassava and tubers (yams, sweet potato) – for flour, starch and other by-products;

17 18 Figure 3: Agribusiness Development Zones As Proposed In Sada Agricultural Masterplan

Source: Resources and Masterplan for the Transformaon of Agriculture in the SADA Zone - - - grower grower -

grower grower - grower grower - grower scheme, grower - grower scheme, grower y plants growers scheme growers - grower scheme, grower - -

grower schemes, Fruit grower energ - - grower schemes, fruit grower grower scheme, soybean grower

grower schemes, soybean grower schemes, fruit grower facility, sugar estate, out estate, sugar facility, - - - - oon out oon nd out grower schemes, poultry farms schemes, poultry farms grower oon processing and ginnery, and ginnery, processing oon - oducon

grower scheme, vegetables out scheme, vegetables grower - oducon, aquaculture out oducon, aquaculture and juice factory and juice factory grower scheme, vegetable oil mill, scheme, vegetable grower oon anchor farms, and out anchor farms, oon oducon, fruit out - grower scheme and processing facility, facility, scheme and processing grower c - grower grower - - grower schemes, c grower - POTENTIAL PRIVATE INVESTMENT PROJECTS INVESTMENT PRIVATE POTENTIAL grower schemes, sugar estate, out estate, schemes, sugar grower

oon. Rice is highlighted separately separately highlighted is Rice oon. - oon anchor farms and out anchor farms oon soybean anchor farms and out soybean anchor farms c soybeans - - - Rice mill, rice out beef and fruits packing house processing, vegetables and oilseeds out cereals grains, slaughterhouse, scheme a Rice mill, anchor farms and out anchor farms maize and out mill oil and feed and mill, vegetable and out Rice mill, rice anchor farms maize out trees out aquaculture facility, processing cassava house fruit packaging seedlings pr Fruit trees out scheme, fruit trees packing house, Yeji vegetables processing, scheme, cassava and bio farms forest port and barges, Maize seedlings pr trees packing house and juice pr schemes and mill grower c and ginnery, processing Coon nuts out cashew maize out shea buer Agricultural Master Plan. Master Agricultural

SADA

Features

on across the on across

Main

: on Scheme, purpose dams -

Zones PROJECTS

ons, Major port and purpose Dam, Tamne - on Scheme, Fumbisi Valley on Scheme, Fumbisi Valley pumped irriga

purpose dam, the Daka River River purpose dam, the Daka on Scheme and a grains on Scheme and a grains -

wn mul on Scheme, Jambito and Ntereso and Ntereso on Scheme, Jambito Nabogo Irriga Nabogo iga - on Scheme, second dam on the on Scheme, second on Scheme

PRIORITY PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE PRIORITY PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE alugu Mul onnecons, Development Pw Irriga river Tono Nasia Irriga Pwalugu Irriga Juale Mul Irriga Valley Makango at harbour terminal of road improvement Yeji, harbour at Lake c lake Bui Irr sta hydropower in Buipe Estate Industrial Sissili dam, Kanyambia, Hydropower Koulbi and Kulpa

cut - - oon, oon,

on Agribusiness 6

oon, cashew cashew oon,

Proposed adional crops in the Zone in the Zone adional crops POTENTIAL VALUE CHAINS VALUE POTENTIAL ice, grains, cereals and oil cereals ice, grains, Livestock, rice, fruits (cashew, rice, fruits (cashew, Livestock, pineapple, mango), cereals grains, vegetables, and oil seeds and oil cereals Rice, grains, and sugar seeds, poultry, livestock R fruit perennial seeds, sugar, c aquaculture, crops, livestock cassava, Fruits under irriga banana, pineapple, (mango, yams, cassava, citrus, etc.), and oil cereals rice, grains, sugar forests, seeds, planted and oil seeds, cereals Grains, juices and fresh poultry, fruit perennial fruits from mango, (cashew, crops citrus), pineapple, non tr oil palm), cocoa, (coffee, sugar and oil seeds, cereals Grains, c livestock, 's

SADA

n, : 1

Table

KEY URBAN CENTRES KEY URBAN Bolgatanga, Bolgatanga, Bawku, Navrongo, , Zebila, Nakpanduri, Bongo Nasia, Tamale, , Nabogo, Wale, , Daboya Gushiago, Bimbila, , Makango, , , Krachi, Kete Aman , Yeji Sawaba, Buipe, Kintampo, Bole , Sawla, Wa, Lawra, Tumu oon in special cases. special in oon : This table was prepared based on the 6 Agribusiness Development Zones presented in the in presented Zones Development Agribusiness 6 the on based prepared was table This : Grains, cereals and oilseeds include mainly maize, soybean, groundnuts, pearl millet, sorghum, cowpea and c and cowpea sorghum, millet, pearl groundnuts, soybean, maize, mainly include oilseeds and cereals Grains,

Note: as well as c as well as Source ZONE AGRIBUSINESS AGRIBUSINESS DEVELOPMENT DEVELOPMENT Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Zone 4 Zone 5 Zone 6 Zone

19 5.0 . AGRICULTURAL INVESTMENT WORKSHOP ( AIW ) ROAD MAP RECOMMENDATIONS Recognizing the need for greater coordinaon of exisng intervenons in the SADA Zone, and the BOX 10: ROAD MAP TO THE ROAD MAP need to also idenfy investment, instuonal, and policy gaps to aract the private sector, The 3 key quesons addressed at the AIW are SADA organized an Agriculture Investment actually linked one-to-another: a) What is Workshop (AIW) with support from The World needed to make the SADA Zone aracve for Bank, United States Agency for Internaonal private sector investments, b) How can Ghana Development (USAID), Ghana Commercial achieve inclusive agricultural-led economic Agriculture Project (GCAP), Internaonal Food transformaon of the SADA Zone, and c) What and Policy Research Instute (IFPRI), are the “low-lying” short-term soluons and Internaonal Water Management Instute acons to achieve long-term objecves? That is, (IWMI), Africa Green Revoluon Alliance it is important to make the SADA Zone aracve (AGRA), and the African Development Bank to the private sector and ensure that this is done (AfDB) helped SADA organize and facilitate the in an inclusive manner, and make sure that short- SADA Zone AIW. term policy and instuonal changes, and investments are consistent with the medium- to The main objecve of the SADA Zone AIW, held SADA's longer-term vision. Thus, it is important June 21-23, 2016 in Accra, was to provide SADA for readers to read the enre secon to and the Ministry of Agriculture (MOFA) a venue understand that “the whole is greater than the to convene Government Ministries and agencies, sum of the parts”. The overall approach and the development partners (DPs), and research strategic investments tend to focus aenon on instuons, and other key stakeholders to the medium- to longer term. With respect to the idenfy and discuss major constraints and “short-term” soluons, these are mostly found in soluons for aracng investment to the the sub-secons addressing the enabling agricultural sector in the SADA zone that can environment, access to seeds and to land, risk transform the sector into a driver of growth and management, and the future role of SADA. job creaon. The key quesons addressed were: These sub-secons tend to be policy and a) What is needed to make the SADA Zone instuonal factors that can, in theory, be aracve for private sector investments, b) How addressed immediately; if there is the polical can Ghana achieve inclusive agricultural-led will and stakeholder consensus to do so. economic transformaon of the SADA Zone, and c) What are the “low-lying” short-term soluons and acons to achieve long-term objecves? The 5.1. APPROACH key output of the workshop was a “Road Map” of SADA has adopted a spaally differenated but recommendaons for agricultural-led economic inclusive approach to agriculture-led economic transformaon of the SADA Zone. These transformaon of the SADA Zone. There is a need recommendaons are presented below. to commercialize small farmers using different models and also integrate strategies for improving food (and water) security for all residents in the SADA Zone. One of the keys to unlocking the agricultural and employment potenal of the SADA Zone is to improve land/water management to allow mul-cropping per year, rather than being constrained to one rain-fed crop per year.

20 Agro-Pole Approach: The SADA Zone is a large Mulple Crops per Year: A major constraint area and it requires investments that are facing the SADA Zone is that it is semi-arid with strategically located, because there are not only a single uncertain rainy season (with risk of enough resources to spread throughout the droughts and/or floods, and high rates of evapo- region. There is a need to idenfy areas suitable transpiraon) that might or might not provide for parcular value chains (i.e., “high-potenal sufficient water for crops and livestock and areas” for given crops, livestock). This integraon harvests. A single uncertain harvest per year of spaal planning and targeng of compeve results in major socio-economic challenges value chains (as opposed to targeng of individual related to seasonality of cash flows and limits to raw commodies) requires spaal planning and annual incomes that, in turn, provide incenves mul-sectoral coordinaon by Government, and for seasonal and/or permanent out-migraon. increased coordinaon among programs, There is a need in the SADA Zone to promote projects, and enterprises. SADA's development improved land/water management systems to strategy is guided by the mapping of growth poles facilitate mulple cropping cycles per year to and agricultural value chains. As such, SADA's increase incomes/jobs, and lessen out-migraon. Agricultural Masterplan idenfied 6 Agribusiness Integrated crop-livestock farming systems with Development Zones with different agricultural improved land/soil management (that includes value chains that are clustered around different providing supplemental water through irrigaon) urban centres and major road networks. should be promoted and supported.

Inclusive Approach: SADA recognizes the need for a strategy that includes all types of farmers and agri-businesses; large, medium, small and BOX 11: POTENTIAL FOR FLOOD RECESSION which help reduce both rural and urban poverty AGRICULTURE in the SADA Zone; and in the rest of Ghana. There Research at the Internaonal Water Management is a need to commercialize small farmers using Instute (IWMI) Significant potenal exists to use different models (e.g., contract farming, out flood recession agriculture (FRA) to increase food growers, nucleus farms, farmer cooperaves). producon and rural incomes in northern Ghana. These different models for small farmers need to Currently about 60% of households in the floodplains be evaluated to idenfy the most efficient and are praccing low-input low-output FRA. Nearly 8,000 equitable ways to include small farmers. Despite km2 (about 10% total area of Northern and Upper East ongoing aenon to small farmers, it is important regions) can potenally be placed under improved FRA, with an esmated 20,000 farm households to recognize the need for medium and large scale benefing. Producon of staple food crops (maize, commercial farming operaons that can anchor rice, cowpea, leafy vegetables) and commercially and drive agricultural development around them, grown spices (onion, tomato and pepper) can be including links to small farms and small expanded under FRA. Policy and instuonal businesses (i.e., one of the concepts behind measures are needed to promote improved FRA. nucleus farms and some out-grower and contract Investment in development of flood-compable crop farming arrangements). Likewise, it is important variees, parcularly rice in order to expand its to recognize and facilitate the potenal for farm producon under FRA. Improved access to irrigaon equipment and kits for small-scale farmers as some producvity growth-led linkages to agro- FRA crops require supplementary irrigaon, but processing and other sectors, and to devote presently only about 10% FRA farmers own irrigaon special aenon to educaon and training, and to equipment. There is a need for improved access to creang jobs and business opportunies for other inputs (ferlizers and pescides) and markets to youth and women along value chains. For an make opmum use of soil moisture for intensificaon inclusive agro-pole approach it is important to and increased producvity. Also there is a need to recognize the appropriate roles for public and invest in hydrological, weather and farm management private sectors, and for possible Public-Private data collecon; the same type of data that is crucial for risk management. Partnerships (PPPs) for the provision of infrastructure and for service delivery. From presentaon by T.O Williams and B.B Bedru from IWMI at the GSSP Policy Dialogue, October 2016.

21 5.2. STRATEGIC INVESTMENTS 5.3. ENABLING ENVIRONMENT AND FINANCING To “polish” the SADA Zone diamond-in-the-rough and “open the tap” to the SADA Zone economic Investors seek a suppor ve e n a b l i n g reservoir, there is a need for increased public environment and opportunies that allow them sector investments for agriculture in the SADA to be cost compeve in mulple markets Zone. The Government of Ghana might also domescally and internaonally. Preferenal consider an increased allocaon of Annual access to financing is oen sought by investors in Budget Funding Amount (ABFA) - funds from the agricultural sector. The enabling natural gas and oil field revenues - to the SADA environment has naonal, regional, and local Zone for infrastructure. dimensions.

It is recommended to priorize and strategically SADA can lobby for naonal policies, but has locate investments. Following the agro-pole more control over regional and local policies. approach it is important to priorize and strategically locate investments in: a) roads; b) At the workshop, it was discussed how to make power; c) irrigaon; d) human capital; and e) GIS, the enabling environment more conducive by ICT and informaon services in areas with high both: a) reducing the costs of doing business, and potenal for commercial agriculture. b) increase the incenves for doing business. Maintaining peace and security is a cross-cung There is a need for targeted investments in feeder issue that is crical for a conducive enabling roads and farm tracks for beer market links. environment. There is a need for strategic large-scale investments in power generaon and distribuon Reduce the costs of doing business. There are to increase quality/dependability of electricity impediments to free and efficient trade flows in supply for irrigaon, agro-processing, and social the SADA Zone, including numerous road check- infrastructure/service needs. There is a need for points and other barriers, and cumbersome strategic investments in small, medium and large regulatory processes. So, it is recommended to: irrigaon (e.g., small scale pumps, micro dams (i) reduce the number of road barriers along trade and other water catchment, public irrigaon routes in the SADA Zone, and (ii) streamline schemes. It is also important to promote regulatory processes that impede business adopon of small-scale farm equipment (e.g., development by improving transparency and use mini rice harvesters and threshers, locally of me-bound processes. fabricated corn shellers). Such equipment is easy to handle and repair, portable and affordable; There should be ongoing communicaon compared to the very expensive larger scale between the private sector and public sector combine harvesters which farmers cam not buy about the impediments to free trade and how to or maintain. eliminate them, and how to reduce the costs of doing business. One problem is the lack of Also there are needs for investments in human coordinaon between policies and enforcement. capital development for commercial agriculture It is recommended to establish a Public-Private (business literacy, agricultural and agri-business Sector Working Group that meets monthly or educaon, technicians to operate and maintain more to address ongoing issues. machinery and equipment), and focusing on youth. There is also need for investments in Increase the incenves for doing business: geographic informaon systems (GIS), Although Government talks about increasing informaon and communicaon technology (ICT) support to the agricultural sector, there are new and informaon systems; and improving policies that tax agricultural inputs and databases on farmers, agricultural producon machinery. It is recommended that Government and processing, and other linked acvies. reconsider the new policy that taxes agricultural inputs and machinery, especially for the SADA Zone.

22 Some countries that have adopted an “agro-pole BOX 12: SADA LAND TRUST approach” (e.g., Nigeria) have tried to provide incenves for development of strategic areas by SADA is seeking to simplify land acquision for granng free-trade zone status for agricultural commercial agriculture by: a) encouraging producon and especially processing. And/or communies to establish legally binding Land they have established industrial zones with Trusts which pool land and transacons regulated guaranteed access to power, water, transport, by Trustees, and b) establishing its own SADA and ICT. Land Trust to encourage land ceding, and c) establish a Land Trust to encourage investment in It is also possible for Government to create land. differenal tariffs for power to agriculture for irrigaon and processing, and/or to consider To help ensure secure access to land, it is trade import policies that promote domesc important to also improve mechanisms for agricultural producon and processing. community parcipaon in land transacons, and to improve contract enforcement SADA, together with MOFA, should also explore mechanisms for land leases and transfers. Secure opons to provide medium- and long term access to land is a necessary condion for financing to the agricultural sector in SADA Zone, sustainable land (and water) management. consider new financial instuon(s). There are several other ways to provide 5.4. SECURE ACCESS TO LAND AND incenves for improved land/water management SUSTAINABLE LAND MANAGEMENT pracces that, in turn, improve sustainable land (and soil ferlity) management. These include Secure access to land is fundamental to an micro-irrigaon systems, crop rotaons, agriculture-led economic transformaon of the integrated crop-livestock systems, agro-forestry, SADA Zone, and it is crical that land use is and increased use of organic ferlizer including managed in a sustainable manner to maintain and compost. Many of these efforts are underway in enhance soil ferlity and producvity. However, Ghana, and they need to be scaled up and there are many challenges and constraints to replicated throughout the SADA Zone. secure access to land and sustainable land management in Ghana as a whole, including the 5.5. ACCESS TO SEEDS AND SADA Zone. In general, there are problems with OTHER INPUTS land transacons in Ghana because of conflicng claims to use rights and ownership, and also Increased agricultural producvity is required in because of a lack of contract enforcement. Thus, the SADA Zone for an agriculture-led economic it is crical for the Government of Ghana and transformaon, and improved inputs are needed SADA to establish trusted mechanisms to lower to increased agricultural producvity. One of the costs/risks in land transacons. SADA needs to key inputs that can rapidly increase producvity work closely with the Ministry of Lands and the and total producon is use of improved seed Naonal Land Commission. variees. That is, small farmers can make marginal changes to their exisng farming SADA should consider different mechanisms for pracces and reap significant increases in changing land use rights to encourage higher harvests by using improved seeds (which usually producvity; including land leasing and land also requires increased use of ferlizers and water transfer. For land leases, SADA should encourage and labor). communies to establish legally enforceable mechanisms such as Land Trusts to negoate land Despite the existence of a new Seed Bill (which leases with investors. For land transfer, SADA seeks to reconcile the current Seed Law with the should establish mechanisms such as Land Banks regional (ECOWAS) regulaons on seeds), there to acquire land and transfer it to investors. are ongoing debates in Ghana about how to regulate the supply of all seeds, including improved seed variees - via imports and/or

23 domesc producon. Since much of the As discussed previously, there is a problem in producon and markeng of improved hybrid Ghana with respect to the adherence and seeds is by internaonal seed companies, there enforcement of contracts. As such, there is a are domesc concerns about “seed security” that need to explore different contractual need to be addressed/mollified. The importaon arrangements for supply of agricultural support of high-yielding seeds can also be constrained by services, including improved enforcement of cumbersome rules and regulaons and linked input-credit-extension-markeng procedures to bring seeds into Ghana and to contracts (e.g., as used for contract farming, out- deliver them to targeted farmers. Cumbersome growers, and nucleus farms). There is a also the rules and regulaons and procedures also need for connued public educaon on the constrain imports of farm machinery and agro- importance of adhering to contracts. processing equipment. 5.6. RISK MANAGEMENT Following internaonal experience in other Savannah Zones, there is an urgent need to Given Ghana's heavy reliance on rain-fed provide adequate support to public research agriculture, drought causes the highest level of instuons to implement long term strategies to cumulave losses with the greatest impact on supply farmers with superior seed variees, and livelihoods, parcularly in the SADA Zone. maintain pure lines. Also, there should be strong Droughts are most likely to affect sorghum, millet, Government support for crical instuons in the maize, and groundnut producon. In addion, seed sector (e.g., Naonal Seed Council) to flash flooding resulng from intensive rainfall effecvely provide coordinaon and regulaon, occurs with relave frequency across Ghana, but to guarantee that foundaon seeds are available only occasionally causes widespread destrucon. to private firms, and to ensure integrity and Crops most affected include cassava, rice, yams, pureness of seeds sold to farmers. Access to and groundnuts. There is also risk of bushfires in seeds could improve immediately by following the SADA Zone. Exisng capacity among through with the exis n g ECOWAS stakeholders to manage such risks or cope in their harmonizaon policy on seeds to benefit from a aermath is severely limited. There are a lot of larger market for seeds and to encourage private concerns about the possible negave impacts of investments. climate change, and all plans and project need to address exisng and future changes in climate. High-yielding seeds usually require increased quanty and quality of ferlizers to maintain soil To improve risk management in the SADA Zone ferlity. There is a need to encourage integrated there is a need for more data/informaon about soil ferlity management through establishment weather and climate and how they relate to yields of soil tesng facilies, and the supply of both and socio-economic outcomes. There is a need to inorganic and organic ferlizers. There is a need invest in development of spaally-referenced for balance between use of inorganic and organic databases that would facilitate public and private ferlizers and agro-chemicals, and to improve soil sector iniaves for improved mul-hazard risk quality (ferlity and water-holding capacity) management systems, including investments for: through increased use of organic ferlizers and a) decentralized system of hydro-met staons, compost. and b) water gauges for early warning for droughts and floods. By monitoring hydro-met To ensure inclusive access to seeds and other and water gauge data, it will be possible to carry inputs throughout the SADA Zone, it is important out analyses that check for evidence of climate to support a system of approved agro-dealers in change and its impacts. rural areas that can sell inputs (possibly on credit and linked with insurance), and also provide some extension services. This could all be linked via use of GIS, ICT and informaon services, and integrated with risk management systems.

24 Government, consistent with the naonal plan, BOX 13: AGRICULTURAL SECTOR RISK but one which will ensure accelerated, integrated ASSESSMENT and comprehensive development of the SADA Zone (Northern Savannah Ecological Zone), in Based on a risk priorizaon carried out for the consultaon with stakeholders; b) to mobilize World Bank (2015) Ghana Agricultural Sector Risk human, financial and other resources for the Assessment r e p o r t , a c o n s i n t h r e e implementaon of the accelerated development interconnected risk management soluons areas strategy, and c) to co-ordinate exisng and future are recommended: 1) water management, 2) pest development and related policies affecng the and disease management, and 3) agricultural SADA Zone with a view to ensuring coherence in extension and innovaon systems. The policy-making and implementaon. assessment idenfied and priorized appropriate risk management intervenons in these areas to Going forward, SADA' mandate is to be improve stability, reduce vulnerability, and operaonalized through the objecves outlined increase the resilience of agricultural systems. above.

With improved data/informaon, it will be The future role of SADA in achieving inclusive possible to improve agricultural risk agriculture-led economic transformaon of the management and adaptaon to climate change NSEZ is anchored on the mandate as by Law to enhance food security in the SADA Zone. This provided and is being further elaborated in the would include improved coordinaon of early Regulaons to the Legislave Instrument warning and rapid response systems, and links to awaing parliamentary approval. Broad social protecon systems using GIS and ICT. Such consultave structures are being established to data/informaon is important for developing support the implementaon of the mandate. site-specific technologies and farming pracces for climate-smart agricultural producon and SADA has clear planning and coordinaon processing. mandates. Its roles as an enabler, matchmaker, implementer as well as in M&E and the capacity It is important to emphasize that improved requirements to execute them effecvely may land/water management, including irrigaon and need further clarificaon and investment in its flood management, and holisc farming systems capacity to deliver. Similarly, how the Authority approaches are the best instruments for relates with other Government agencies, agricultural risk management (including climate development partners, private sector, and NGOs change adaptaon) in the SADA Zone. to ensure development effecveness may also need clarifying and reinforcing. Finally, with improved data/informaon on hazards and risks, it is possible to consider In all cases, it is important to strengthen the role developing different insurance opons for for SADA as a “one-stop shop clearinghouse” for farmers and communies that include risk sharing potenal investors in SADA Zone in order to and transfer mechanisms that can facilitate catralyse investments into the zone. increased financing for agricultural producon and processing (short/medium/long term financing for small/medium/large scale farms and enterprises).

5.7. FUTURE ROLE OF SADA

SADA was established in 2010, and re-launched in 2014. There are a lot of expectaons from the “new SADA” and its potenal roles as a planner and coordinator, as an enabler, and as an implementer. SADA's strategic objecves are to: a) provide strategic vision and planning to

25 6.0 . THE WAY FORWARD To move forward with the findings of the SADA priorise them and idenfy new investments that Regional and Agricultural Masterplans and the are truly transformaonal. AIW Road Map recommendaons, SADA will need to provide leadership for the following Before proceeding on a detailed Agricultural immediate steps: a) widely disseminate a Development Program in the SADA Zone, it is synthesis of the Road Map report highlighng the important to highlight the fact that there are, in key issues and proposed acons; b) together with fact, many exisng projects being funded by the Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MoFA) Government, development partners, and NGOs organize a Task Force as requested by H.E The in the SADA Zone many of the constraints President to monitor implementaon of the Road highlighted in previous secons. Coordinaon of Map; c) iniate consultaons with development exisng (and future) projects has been recognized partners for the purpose of obtaining the as a major challenge. As such, USAID has appropriate polical support, technical supported SADA to establish the Northern Sector assistance, and funding to formulate and Agriculture Investment Coordinang Unit implement a coordinated mul-sector (NSAICU), which is located in MoFA's office in programme of work and idenfy funding Tamale. mechanisms to unlock the untapped agriculture and agribusiness potenal of the NSEZ. The NSAICU has developed a database with an inventory of projects and it organises periodic Agriculture-led economic transformaon of the meengs of key stakeholders. See Annex 4 for an SADA Zone will require a regional, mul-sectoral inventory of (major) agricultural projects in the approach and a detailed Agricultural SADA Zone. As can be observed, there already are Development Plan; that is supported by quite a lot of projects funded by a range of Government, development partners, and local development partners. The proposed research instutes, NGOs, and civil society; and Agricultural Development Plan should of course, the private sector. The Agriculture-led complement exisng programs and projects in Transformaon Programme will draw from the SADA Zone, and focus new investments on SADA's Regional and Agriculture Master Plans, gaps that need to be filled. and the Development Concept Strategic Plan. To move forward, it would be good for SADA, and A strong partnership between SADA and the NSAICU to take the proposed strategic pillars, development partners, private sector and across framework programs, and policy projects and government will be crucial to implement these map exisng projects (and components of plans. This will call for effecve coordinaon exisng projects) to try and help other parts of through sectoral and mul-disciplinary Government, development partners, and the coordinaon structures as well as structures to private sector idenfy the gaps that would need ensure high level government leadership. An to be addressed in an Agricultural Development Inter-Ministerial Commiee to provide oversight Plan. It will be necessary to strengthen the and a Development Coordinaon Office will be NSAICU to cover the enre SADA Zone. SADA's needed to bring together high level experse to capacity to facilitate investments, including its on- drive implementaon and facilitate coordinaon. going efforts to address secure land access and A programme to transform agriculture and agri- land-use issues and to act as one-stop shop for business needs to establish and build consensus informaon will need strengthening. on a plan of acon, beginning with a medium term implementaon framework. Such a framework will, among others, idenfy on-going intervenons and devise steps to maximize their impact; idenfy projects in the pipeline in government and development partner plans and

26 ANNEX 1 : DESCRIPTION OF AGRIBUSINESS DEVELOPMENT ZONES 1 TO 6 FROM AGRICULTURAL MASTERPLAN

Agribusiness Zone 1: is located in the upper Agribusiness Zone 2: is mostly located in the eastern side of the SADA Zone, and composed of: Northern Region of Ghana, though with small (a) the poron, and (2) the hilly stretches within the Upper East Region, extending stretches found in the Northern Region, mostly to the border with in the East, the Mole across Gambaga (where there are lime deposits) Naonal Park in the West, the Daboya-Tamale and Nakpanduri. These areas have high road and the Tamale-Yendi road in the South. It is populaon densies and/or steeper-than-usual proposed that large scale commercial agriculture slopes. These characteriscs suggest that can coexist with smallholder agriculture, since agricultural development within this zone should larger stretches of suitable land are available, target smallholder agriculture as a priority. considerable water resources for irrigaon are found in the zone and populaon density is lower Soils are good quality and suitable for most of the than in Agribusiness Development Zone 1. crops which have been surveyed under the Irrigaon is key to sustainable agricultural masterplan (grains, oilseeds, fruits, etc.). projects, since rainfall is very low and Irrigaon is key to sustainable agricultural evapotranspiraon is very high. Potenal value projects in the area, since rainfall is very low and chains (clusters) to be promoted and developed evapotranspiraon very high. Potenal for include rice (so much potenal that a rice belt or irrigaon comes from the White (Red) Volta and bow can be coined), grains, cereals and oil seeds, from underground sources. poultry, vegetable oils and sugar cane. Key infrastructure projects to be implemented Potenal value chains (clusters) to be promoted include the Nasia-Nabogo, the Pwalugu, and the and developed include livestock (livestock Fumbisi Valley Irrigaon Schemes. A special density is relavely high in the region), rice, economic zone could be located in and/or around vegetables (sweet potato as the key one), grains, Tamale. cereals and oilseeds – maize, soybeans, coon, etc. These are very suitable for irrigaon of Agribusiness Zone 3: is located in the South groundnuts mostly within the Tamne basin and Eastern poron of the Northern Region and across the Bawku-Gambaga road. Some fruits includes the Volta Region districts in the SADA could also be developed, such as cashew and Zone. Its border in the North is the Yendi-Tamale pineapple. Key infrastructure projects to be road, in the East it borders with Togo, the Volta implemented include the Pwalugu Mul-purpose Lake in the South and the White Volta River in the Dam, a second dam on the Tono River and the West. Water resources are plenful in the Zone, Tamne Irrigaon Scheme, while a special which is dominated by the valleys of the O, Daka, economic zone around Bolgatanga should be and Mawli Rivers. encouraged, driven by processing industries and perhaps warehousing services serving In this zone land suitability favours rice mostly, neighbouring countries. and large scale commercial agriculture can also coexist with smallholder farming. Large tracts of good soils provide favourable condions for a

27 wide range of crops, including perennial crops, livestock integraon could be foreseen for the fruits, sugar, grains, cereals and oilseeds, coon, region. The Digya Naonal Park can also be a vegetables and tubers. Irrigaon is essenal, but source of major tourism development, sustainable rain-fed producon is possible for harnessing both the forest as well as potenal some annual crops, since rainfall is higher in the water transport and recreaon along the Volta zone. Potenal value chains (clusters) to be Lake. Yeji could also be developed into a smaller promoted and developed include rice (a second inland port and landing site. rice belt can be envisaged across the Daka and Mawli valleys), grains, cereals and oil seeds, Agribusines Zone 5: includes some of the highest livestock, vegetable oils, sugar under irrigaon, potenal for agriculture in the SADA Zone. Water fruits, cassava and coon. Aquaculture is also a resources are abundant, suitable mul-purpose promising opon, since cage (Volta Lake) and dam sites are plenful, soils are of great quality pond (high clay soils present) aquaculture can be and the Buipe Port City can play a vital role in strongly encouraged across the zone. Key diversifying the region's economy. infrastructure projects include the Juale Mul- purpose dam, the Daka River Valley Irrigaon The Zone incorporates the South Western poron Scheme and a grains harbour terminal at of the Northern Region and districts of the Brong Makango. A special economic zone could be and its borders are the Ghana-Cote locate in this zone. d'Ivoire internaonal border in the West, the Brong Ahafo region in the South, the Black Volta- Agribusiness Zone 4: is located mostly in the Lower Volta drainage basins border and the Brong Ahafo Region (though it contains stretches White Volta River in the East, the Tamale-Daboya of the East Gonja District of the Northern Region), road, the Mole Naonal Park and stretches of the and is bordered in the South by the Ashan and Damongo-Sawla road in the North. It is possible Brong Ahafo Regions, in the West by the Black to consider two major agricultural clusters in this Volta-Lower Volta drainage basins boundary, in zone. A major cluster, with irrigated and rain-fed the North and East by the Volta Lake. farming in the northern part of the zone across Yapei-Damongo-Bole axis. The Zone has higher rainfall than the average of the SADA Zone and plenty of high quality soils This cluster could focus on grains, cereals and oil which can support the formaon of several value seeds, laying foundaons for poultry and chains (clusters). Populaon density is also vegetable oil value chains (cluster). A major relavely, which implies that large scale cluster in the southern part of this zone could be commercial agriculture could also coexist with around the Bui Irrigaon Scheme, where higher smallholder farming. Previous irrigaon potenal added value crops can be promoted, including mapping of the zone is not as abundant as for the fruits (e.g., citrus, coconut, mango and cashew), others, though the dominance of the Volta Lake cocoa, oil palm, pineapple, and even coffee, across the zone implies that pump irrigaon can preferably in the Tain and Banda districts, can be be, to a certain degree, feasibly exploited, just as tried in the area. Key infrastructure projects to be much as cage and pond aquaculture. promoted include the Bui Irrigaon Scheme, Jambito and Ntereso hydropower projects Soils can be subdivided under two categories. (potenally Lanka), a major lake port and Parts of Agribusiness Development Zone 4 could industrial estate in Buipe, a number of small and support a wide range of agricultural value chains. medium-sized dams and irrigaon schemes in the Fruit crops (plantain, banana, citrus, coconut, Sorri River catchment (around Damongo). mango, cashew, pineapple) would be one set of value chains to be developed. Cassava and yams Agribusiness Zone 6: is bordered in the North and (to a certain degree heavily culvated by West by the Ghana-Burkina Faso internaonal smallholders currently) could also provide good border, in the South by the Damongo-Sawla road, economic results across the region. If there is in the East by the Mole Naonal Park (the Park is irrigaon, parts of the zone could become a enrely within this zone) and the Upper East secondary rice bowl. Forestry and crop-forestry- Region. It is one of the largest zones in terms of

28 landmass and has some of the largest water resources, including the Black Volta, Kulpawn and Sissili Rivers. Agricultural potenal in this zone is huge, but it also includes areas of naonal parks and forest reserves, which are no-go zones for agriculture (but tremendous opportunies for tourism). This area also has suitable land for shea nut producon and already has a large percentage of shea trees growing in the wild as well as a fledging shea plantaon.

Large tracts of suitable land are available across the Wa-Sawla road axis, which appear to be in a good posion to not endanger any environmental issues. Across this axis, several types of crops (and value chains - clusters) can be developed, including grains, cereals and oilseeds, sugar under irrigaon, cashew and other fruits, coon, among others.

The Black Volta is a major asset to provide water for pumped irrigaon across the Zone. The nature of the zone (higher elevaons with streams and rivers that do not generally flood the plains like in Agribusiness Development Zones 2 and 3), presents many opportunies for small and medium sized dams, either in the South of the Zone (Gbalon watershed, around Sawla, with 5 potenal small dam sites) or in the North (along the Hamale-Lawra-Wa axis, with over 13 small dam sites, including on the Kamba River).

Major infrastructure projects across the zone include the Koulbi (Noumbiel) hydropower dam (a bi-naonal development with Burkina Faso), tens of small and medium sized dams, the Kanyambia dam (around Tumu), which could provide for hydropower and irrigaon development, in addion to the Sissili and Kulpawn dams (which would mostly benefit irrigable soils outside of the zone, but also some soils within the zone). Since the eastern poron of the Zone is closely linked to Agribusiness Development Zone 2, Wa appears to be a good site for a Special Economic Zone.

29 ANNEX 2: SUSTAINABLE USE OF WATER RESOURCES The Volta River is one of West Africa's largest river change is essenal to the long term sustainable basins, draining an area of approximately 409,000 development of the Basin and to the ulizaon of km² and providing renewable annual surface its resources”⁴. water runoff esmated in the range of 38.6¹ to As far as irrigaon is concerned, the Food and 41.6 billion² m³. The World's largest man-made Agriculture Organizaon of the UN (FAO) lake by area (Volta Lake), with 8,502 km² of esmated the irrigaon potenal of Ghana's surface area, is also located within its drainage Volta Basin poron (based on the availability of basin. water and soil resources) at 1,200,000 ha (FAO 1997). Even though water resources in the basin are largely underexploited as of now (esmated The Agricultural Masterplan proposes to develop abstracon of 0.9 billion m³ per year, 2.2% of total 200,000 ha of irrigable land along the next 20 runoff³), uncertaines about future supply years, with an esmated annual water (impacts of climate change) and consumpon consumpon of 3 billion m³ (7% of all runoff in the (growing populaon, urbanizaon and economic Volta Basin and 13% of the Volta runoff generated development) of water have driven concerns within Ghana⁵), believed to be sustainable water about the sustainability of water abstracon abstracon rates within the current and future across the riparian countries. scenarios of water availability. Groundwater as an alternave source, increasingly efficient irrigaon Different climate change scenarios (IS92a methods⁶, climate-smart agriculture and good ECHAM4, RCP6.0 and RCP8.5, others) have been agricultural pracces should also contribute to used to esmate changes in temperature, the sustainability of irrigaon water use. precipitaon and resultant runoff in the basin, including CSIR-WRI (2000) (decrease in runoff), Another concern regards the potenal reducon Kuntsmann and Jung (2005) (increase in runoff) of power generaon at the downstream and Andah et. al. (2004) (increase in runoff). hydropower plants (Akosombo and Kpong). Increased consumpve water use should actually According to the Volta Basin Authority, “although contribute to reduce power generaon at these 2 the details are unknown, climate change is plants, but irrigaon, on the other hand, should extremely likely to be a driver of natural resource also contribute to increased renewable energy use across the basin. Adaptaon to climate generaon from biomass.

¹McCartney, M.; Forkuor, G.; Sood, A.; Amisigo, B.; Haermann, F.; UNEP/GEF/Volta/RR 4/2013 Muthuwaa, L. 2012. The water resource implicaons of changing climate in the Volta River Basin. Colombo, Sri Lanka: Internaonal ⁵As a basis for comparison, we provide here data on irrigaon Water Management Instute (IWMI). 40p. (IWMI Research Report water use as % of renewable water resources for selected 146). doi:10.5337/2012.219 countries based on the FAO Water Database: 1) India = 36%; 2) Mexico = 14%; 3) Spain = 21%. ²Winston E.I. Andah, Nick van de Giesen, Charles A. Biney. Water, Climate, Food, and Environment in the Volta Basin. ⁶Irrigaon systems efficiency is usually underesmated as a factor to increase sustainability of water resources usage for irrigaon. ³SOURCE: UNEP-GEF Volta Project, 2013. Volta Basin Currently, the main irrigaon technique used across the basin is Transboundary Diagnosc Analysis. flood irrigaon, with very low levels of water applicaon efficiency UNEP/GEF/Volta/RR 4/2013 (50%-60%). Centre Pivot and drip can increase such efficiency to 90%-95%, so the potenal to increase surface under irrigaon with ⁴SOURCE: UNEP-GEF Volta Project, 2013. Volta Basin reduced water consumpon is largely available. Transboundary Diagnosc Analysis.

30 Exisng, commercial-scale technology can ensure, for example, that 240,000 MWh/annum of praccally carbon-neutral, dependable renewable energy (a 48 MW power staon) can be generated from a 20,000 ha sugar-cane plantaon. African Sustainable Plantaons Development, an independent power producer established in the Seine West District of the Brong Ahafo Region, plans to establish a 60 MW power staon (426,000 MWh/annum) with a 21,500-ha eucalyptus plantaon as feedstock.

Waste from agriculture and agro-processing of rice, maize, cassava and many other crops can also contribute feedstock to renewable energy generaon. If solar (photovoltaics and concentrated solar power) and the high-potenal wind power sites found across the Northern Savannah (Gambaga, Northern Region; Nkwanta South, Volta Region and Kintampo/Amoama (Brong Ahafo Region) are added to the equaon, it can be assumed that whatever energy losses may occur at Akosombo and Kpong as a consequence of increase consumpve water use, they can be compensated by the producon of power from alternave resources.

31 32

Figure 4: Hydrographic Network and Major River Basins in the Northern Savannah Ecological Zone

Source: Resources and Masterplan for the Transformaon of Agriculture in the SADA Zone ANNEX 3: PROPOSED STRATEGIC PILLARS, FRAMEWORK PROGRAMS AND POLICY PROJECTS FROM SADA'S AGRICULTURAL MASTERPLAN

Strategic Axle Framework Program Project

Establishment or Development of world- 1. Agricultural Research Improvement Project improvement of the class research and 2. Extension Services Improvement Project key hard extension services (infrastructure), 3. Farmer field schools development project so (policies, 4. Agricultural technical secondary (high school) schools instuon) development project structures and 5. Plant and animal genecs improvement and development informaon project systems

6. Permanent Crop and climate-modelling laboratory

development project

7. Enhancement and expansion of hydrometric and meteorological staons cover development project

8. Project to implement the necessary infrastructure and develop human resources for a permanent annual climac risk agricultural zoning1 9. Permanent Early Warning and Emergency Preparedness System Task Force Development Project

Land management and 10. Farmland, farmers, farmers services and secure payments farmers services support Registraon System Project

framework 11. SADA Land Trust or Land Bank Development Project (land reserves small, medium and large-scale agricultural projects) Investment, Finance and 12. SADA Investment Bank development project rural credit development 13. Rural Credit Improvement Project framework 14. Rural Credit Improvement for Large-Scale Projects 15. Rural Credit Improvement for smallholders and farmer-based organizaons

16. Climate-based risk insurance development program

Strategic Policies 17. Seed policy enhancement development project Framework

18. Preferenal water and power tariffs for agriculture development project

Social and producon- 19. Large and medium-scale irrigaon schemes development targeted infrastructure 20. Small-scale irrigaon schemes development project

development framework 21. Performance-based Water Users’ Associaons development project 22. Feeder-road improvement and expansion development project 23. Irrigaon targeted power generaon, transmission and distribuon development project

1 Projects 6, 7, 8 and 16 are all interconnected. Improvi ng the meteorological observaon network coverage is essenal to feed into crop and climate modelling skills. The later will then contribute to develop climac risk agricultural zoning on an annual basis. The zoning, based on extensive climac paramete rs, trends and edaphic factors , will be able to indicate, on a very detailed basis (e.g. district level), the opmum seeding date (10 -day intervals), based on climac and edaphic factors (water holding capacies of loamy, sandy and other soils), for increased chances of success and risk migaon. To be successful, the zoning has to be performed every year, be published into law and guide extension services and farmers to actually comply with the seeding dates. Since risk will be strongly migated by following the crop calendars, a whole insurance system should be developed along this pracce, bringing down insurance and financing costs. In Brazil, where the system has been employed over the last 2 decades, the climac risk agricultural zoning saves the country hundreds of millions of dollars on avoided climate-induced losses.

33 Improving and Subsistence-to- 24. Improved inputs supply and management development upgrading farm commercial agriculture project (fertilizers, pesticides, herbicides, etc.) level production transformation and 25. Nucleus out-grower Schemes development project on a sustainable access to improved (contractual framework) manner inputs frameworks 26. Agro parks development project (site selection, planning, feasibility studies) 27. Fast-track technology dissemination (good agricultural practices and climate-smart agriculture) among smallholders development project 28. Improved agricultural mechanization development project Strategic and priority 29. Improved irrigated rice development project crops clusters 30. Improved irrigated cotton development project development framework 31. Improved irrigated vegetables development project 32. Improved irrigated tree crops development project

33. Agroforestry and Planted Forests development project

34. Commercial Aquaculture development project

35. Commercial Poultry farming development project

36. Commercial livestock and improved grazing development Sustainability and 37. Integratedproject Water Resources Management Plan Development Environmental Development Project Framework 38. Climate-smart agriculture development project 39. Bushfire fight, control and prevention brigade development project 40. Strategic tree nurseries (forest) development project 41. Fast-track riverine buffer and Afforestation Project Launching Agribusiness and private 42. Agribusiness private investment promotion and development successful investment development entity project (or an agribusiness promotion unit as a downstream framework department of SADA) processing and 43. Large-scale land reserves for private investment development agriculture-based project (under the SADA Land Trust or Land Bank) industrialization 44. Agribusiness Special Economic Zones Development Project (agribusiness value chains)

45. Strategic Single Private Investment Sourcing project (proactive investment promotion by developing tailor-made incentives packages to specific agribusiness companies)

46. Animal feedstock production development project

34 ANNEX 4: INVENTORY OF EXISTING AGRICULTURAL PROJECTS IN SADA ZONE

4.1. INTRODUCTION TO NSAICU Sector Working Group (NASWG) which brings together agriculture sector stakeholders, mostly The Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MoFA) with donor supported projects to share informaon on funding support from the Alliance for a Green their respecve programs amongst other Revoluon in Africa set up the Northern Region discussions that go to improve agriculture sector Bread Basket Coordinaon Unit (NRBBCU), now programming and implementaon. This plaorm renamed, Northern Sector Agriculture has led to an improved atmosphere for regular Investment Coordinaon Unit (NSAICU). communicaon, joint planning and collaboraon amongst stakeholders. The Unit supports MoFA and SADA to effecvely exercise their mandate as policy regulator and NSIACU is currently being funded by USAID aer coordinator of agricultural acvies within the AGRA funding ended in October 2015. USAID's Northern region respecvely. The Northern intervenon is tesmony to the important role region was designated as one of the four bread NSAICU plays within the sector and other donor basket regions in the country and this led to an partners are being encouraged to support the increase in agricultural acvity within the region sustainability of the Unit. by development partners. The need then arose for a Coordinang Unit to help synchronize the various intervenons that were provided and to minimize the tendency for partners to duplicate their efforts.

To improve upon communicaon, collaboraon, and cross- ferlizaon of ideas amongst the various development partners and all other stakeholders in the agricultural industry, the Unit, in collaboraon with MoFA and SADA established a database of agricultural private stakeholders and NGOs for the three regions – Northern, Upper East, Upper West and the Northern part of the Brong-Ahafo Region. Building up the data for Northern Volta is sll ongoing. This databank is to serve as a quick reference point for partner informaon. Reference is made to this data by incoming program iniators in arriving at the type of intervenons to provide and to select appropriate locaons. This is to help evenly spread out development across the sixty-three districts within the SADA zone. The informaon is also available online at nsaicu.sourcegh.com

NSAICU, MoFA and SADA have since established a flagship iniave, the Northern Agricultural

35

AREA nah OPERATIONAL OPERATIONAL Northern Savannah Zone Ecological (NSEZ) Northern Savannah Zone Ecological (NSEZ) Northern Region (10 districts), (2 Upper West & Upper districts) (4 Regions East districts) Upper West (11 Region Districts) Northern Savan Zone Ecological (NSEZ) Northern, Upper &Upper West East Regions Northern (2 Upper districts), (2 districts) East &Upper West (2 Regions districts) ,

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nutrious centres

on, tree on, tree on

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pacity of eligible acilies in the SADA acilies in the SADA e.g. trucon of agricultural trucon of agricultural g f R4D pla

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Financial services. Marketers, input dealers etc. input dealers Marketers,

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nucleus out

grower, contract farming systems systems farming contract grower, apacies to produce demand driven demand driven produce apacies to business development through the through business development -

c TYPE OF INTERVENTION

oducon on ons, input dealers, mechaniza ons, input dealers, Crop, Livestock and aquaculture) and aquaculture) Livestock Crop,

laws, group dynamics etc. dynamics etc. group laws, oducon selected markets by addressing 3 elements of the 3 elements by addressing markets selected - expand expand

funcons

oducon . through Tr through financial services

research the rehabilita stem. community trainings on bush fire preven on bush fire trainings community

stakeholder partnerships partnerships stakeholder e.g. Security ( -

zone Facilitate zone

Establish or Establish Finance Capacity building on compos

Strengthening sy market 1. Supporng 2. Rules players, market 3. Core in Seed and ISFM of farmers 1. Building the capacity technologies 2. Building seeds breeder technologies. the use of labour saving 3. Introducing seed companies. local 4. Support to of finance sources to 5. Linking actors 1. Food services2. Extension 3. Access to market 4. Access to 5. Assets more grow security by helping women food Improve adopt simple irriga food, with markets. and connect investment land for secured access to 1. Improving 2. SADA the ca strengthen to of grants provision organiza farmer’s along the service providers and other agricultural processors chain. value out 3. Strengthening 4. and processin infrastructure storage zone, 1. FMNR & bye growing 2. methodology. savings cash community 3.Bullock services support 1. Community analysis 2. Mul systems and cropping 3. Crops pr 4. Ruminant poultry pr 5. Rural pig pr 6. Rural 7. Nutrion educa dissemin 8. Technology

D & CHF D

- -

DONOR AGENCY DFID USAID DFAT DFAT Bank and World USAID Support Korea office Canada DFATD USAID/FtF

- 2019 2017 April 2018)

-

- - - -

DURATION ( 4 years) 2017 2013 to (April 5 years 2013 2018) 6 years 2012 (August August to 2018) 6 years (2012 (July 7 years 2012 September 2019 2014 (FSED) 2013 5 years (2016 t0 2021)

VALUE

£10m USD $22m CDN $ 19m USD $ 20m USD $145m PROJECTS

on

on -

on.

EXISTING

on in

Agriculture Agriculture - on Project on Project

OF

NAME OF PROJECT Ghana Market Ghana Market (MADE) Development FtF USAID Transfer(ATT) Technology and Sustainable Resilient Livelihoods Transforma Northern Ghana(RESULT) Project Rural Greater Opportunies for Women(GROW) Ghana Commercializa (GCAP) of Agriculture Security & Economic Food (FSED) Development Natural Managed Farmer Regenera (FMNRP) in Research Africa Intensifica Sustainable Genera the next for Rising) Phase II (Africa

INVENTORY

onal 4.1.

AGENCY

IMPLEMENTING NATHAN NATHAN Associates IFDC ACDEP/CHF Ghana MEDA of Food Ministry and Agriculture (MoFA) Vision World Interna IITA

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

36

n

Northern Savannah Zone Ecological (NSEZ) Northern Savannah Zone Ecological (NSEZ) Northern (13 Upper districts), (5 districts), East (4 Upper West & Upper districts) (5districts) Volta Northern Regio (13 districts) Northern, Upper &Upper West East Regions Northern Savannah Zone Ecological (NSEZ) Northern Region (17 districts)

oducon,

ons ons (FBO) on es under the Ghana

tuons, Financial NGOs Input, technologies Input, technologies -

on Organisa

oducon t Assemblies

in group dynamics in group

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on development on development on and Hygiene on and Hygiene

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on and implementa frastructure Development Development frastructure o Adapve Research Research o Adapve oducon t on and profiling of FBOs in rice pr on and profiling ve Law ve eng in ng awareness on ISFM ng awareness 1. Strengthening Farmer Based Farmer 1. Strengthening V District 2. Establishing Chain Organiza of Value 3. Development of Pr 4. Establishment irriga 5. Small scale 6. Mark 7. Capacity Building of Financial Ins Grants 8. Matching and Administra Delivery 9. Credit Business Services 1. Provide 2. FBO Development and Mark 3. Trade Pr 4. Agriculture and Advocacy 5. Policy Rice and Soybean Pr 6. Maize, 1. Land Development Credit 2. Access to 3. Support Capacity Building 4. Stakeholders Services 1. Extension 2. Inputs Supply Services Services 3. Insurance 1. Forma and Mark processing of FBOs 2. Building capacity en as legal 3. Geng them registered Coopera 4. Onion Pr quality seeds 5. Access to on GAP of farmers 6. Building capacity 7. Crea formula 1. Policy Research 2. Policy Advocacy 3. Policy and Livelihood 1. Agriculture 2. Nutrion, Sanita 3. Building Capacity of Distric

GOG/IFAD/AfDB USAID/FtF AfD USAID AGRA USAID USAID

-

2016) 2018) 2016) - - -

8 years 8 years (2008 8 4 years months (2013 8years (2008 3years (January 2014 to 2016) March 3years (2013 5year 2018) 5 years

USD $ 103.55 M USD$ 35m EUR 17m ~USD $3m USD $ 1.4m USD $ 15m USD $30m

ve ve

ng Innova ADVANCE 2) ADVANCE

Northern Rural Growth Growth Northern Rural Program(NRGP) Development Agriculture Enhancement and Value 2( Project Support Rice Sector Project Dissemina and Resources (DIRTS) Technologies Quality Rice Project Support Policy Agriculture (APSP) Project in Northern Resiliency Ghana (RING) Project

of Food of Food

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Ministry of Food of Food Ministry and Agriculture (MoFA) ACDI/VOCA Ministry and Agriculture Innova Analysis Poverty (IPA) SARI/TRIAS/AMIS G Themonic Interna Incorporated USAID Communies

8 9 10 11 12 13 14

37

(NSEZ)

Northern Savannah UER &NR UER &NR UER, NR &UWR Northern (4 Upper districts), (2 districts) East &Upper West (3 Regions districts) (6 Ahafo Brong Ashan districts), (7 districts), (6 Accra Greater & districts) Northern Regions (7 districts) in the 26 districts Northern, Upper &Upper West East Regions

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ty and lowering the cost of poultry feed of poultry feed the cost ty and lowering

oducon groups in alterna oducon groups Linking Farmers and ABCs to credit and ABCs to Linking Farmers - oducon and increased household incomes household incomes oducon and increased oducon applying Conserva ng na tuonal capacity for effec for tuonal capacity acces.

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ng capacity and the demonstra ng capacity

oducvity Improvement oducvity Improvement &Soil Health restora oducvity Improvement Pr econ management plans that create expanded expanded create plans that econ management econ of exis tribuon networks. onomic acvies (i.e., shea p onnecons between exis onnecons between erlity, and food pr and food erlity, Financing Agriculture enhancement rice seed systems at Targeted Rice Pr Rice pr food 1. Improved resource and natural agriculture sustainable, through prot c ec Prot f and pr strategies pr on women 3. Focus acvies. pr agricultural 1. Increase the quan by increasing the r through ingredients; of primary feed inefficiencies pr agricultural 2. Increase of the improvement quality through poultry feed improving tes feed quality feed; 3. Increas improved through poultry feed of commercialized trade dis pr agricultural 1. Improving deficits. ins 2. Strengthen and integra f an enabling environment 3. Create dialogues in decentraliza eff and civil society to 4. Enable government and nat agriculture to related conflicts management.

USAID USAID 2A, GOG WAAP &CORAF GOD & AFD USAID FFP USDA USAID

2018) 2017) 2017)

May May - - -

- - 5years 5years (2013 3years (2014 3years (2014 6years (May 5 years 2016 2021) 5 years (October 2015 Septemeber 2020) (2016 to 5yrs 2021 )

USD $ 25m USD $1m USD $1m EU 600,000 USD$ 25m USD $ 4.2m USD$11.4 m -

on (SRI)

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15 16 17 18 19 20 21

38

, Brong , Brong (20 onwide onwide Ashan Upper Ahafo, and East West, Northern regions Na Programme Ashan & districts) Northern Regions (15 districts) Northern (10 & Upper districts) (5 Region East districts) Northern Region and (4 districts) (5 Ahafo Brong districts). Northern Region (10 districts)

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on of nutrious food staples on of nutrious food ng of weather forecasts on Farmers Mobile phones on Farmers forecasts ng of weather onwide scaling up of a successful value chain investment chain investment value up of a successful scaling onwide oaches in Ghana, in parcular in the northern regions oaches in Ghana, parcular the northern regions omong and mainstreaming climate change resilience resilience change climate omong and mainstreaming poor growth; poor growth; - Collecon and Analysis of weather data data of weather Collecon and Analysis 1. Increased Local pr Local 1. Increased integra complementary Capacity for Processing 2.Enhanced Local nutrious foods 3.Improv enhance agribusinesses to to 1. Linking smallholder Producers pro 2. Na approach; 3. Pr appr harmoniza management, 4. Knowledge approache Dissemina in line with decentralisa and district of regions development process Health and Nutrion Educa 1. Enhancing Soil f conserva in Soil and Water measures 2.Appropriate 3.Support 4.Preven CIGs in the subject ma 5.Support to 6. and Adapta Change on Climate 7.Extension in Seed pr of Farmers 8.Training conserva 9. Tes Workers Extension Volunteer 1. Train FBOs services to extension agricultural 2. Provide pr to with seed companies 3. Collaborate (using drought chain linkages 5. Value 6. Capacity building 7. Partnerships Support 8.Credit 9. Field Demonstra

on and

WFP GoG/IFAD JICA USAID Ministry Federal Economic for Coopera Development (BMZ), Germany AGRA

–

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on of Agro oducon Phase II (Tensui oducon Phase II (Tensui Enhanced Nutrion and Chains in Ghana Value (ENVAC) Sector Ghana Agriculture Programme Investment (GASIP) for Project MoFA/JICA Development sustainable Rain for Pr Phase 2) Rice Project, Partnership, Strengthening & Results Nutrion Globally (SPRING) Adapta to Ecosystems in Ghana (AAESCC) Change INTAPIM

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Ghana - WFP MoFA MoFA Ghana MoFA, Health Services, Ghana LEAP UNICEF, Project, and RING ACDEP, MoFA, SARI, SARUDEP, GMET &Farm Radio Interna ADRA

22 23 24 25 26 27

39 40 28 GGC Ghana Warehouse Receipt USD 3years AGRA/USAID 1. Warehouse cerficaon and licensing Northern Region Promoon (G-WARP) $777,662 2. Warehouse construcon (6 Districts) Project 3. Post-harvest management 4. Inventory financing 5. Advocacy: -promoon of Grades and Standards 6. Market Informaon Systems; -Price informaon disseminaon 29 IFDC Agriculture Value Chain USD 3years (June DANIDA/AGRA Improving Entrepreneurial and technical skills of FBOs, agro Northern Region Mentorship Project $683000 2011 to May dealers, small and medium sized enterprises in the following (16 districts) (AVCMP) (Closed) 2014)-Closed areas: 1. Training in group dynamics. 2. Establishment of demonstraon farms. 3. Facilitaon of bulk purchase of inputs. 4. Facilitaon to output markets 5. Linkages to credit sources. 30 SNV Compeveness of EU 2 years (May Directorate 1. Value Chain Development in promong producon, Northern (8 Sesame Value Chain in 600,000 2013 to General for ulizaon and markeng of sesame districts), Upper Ghana December Internaonal 2. Value Chain Development in promong local rice producon East (3 districts) 2015)Closed Cooperaon of and consumpon &Upper West the Netherlands 3.Value Chain Development in promong the idenficaon, Regions( 3 (DGIS)and IFAD producon& ulizaon of shea, baobab, moringa, districts) through NRGP 4. Increasing access to structured demand market structures opportunies of Procurement Governance for Home Grown School Feeding Project (PGHGSFP) and promong favourable procurement pracces on the part of public instuon & private sector 31 Farm Radio Climate Change USD $2m 2 years DFAT-D 1. Climate Change Adaptaon Northern Region Internaonal, Adaptaon in Northern (Closed) 2. Extension RAINS, TUDRIDEP, Ghana Enhanced 3. Livelihood Trade Aid (CHANGE) Project 32 IITA Africa Research in 5 years USAID/FtF 1. Community analysis Northern (2 Sustainable Intensificaon (2012 t0 2. Mul-stakeholder partnerships – R4D plaorms districts), Upper for the next Generaon. 2016) Closed 3. Crops and cropping systems East (2 districts) (Africa Rising) Phase I 4. Ruminant producon &Upper West 5. Rural poultry producon Regions (2 6. Rural pig producon districts) 7. Nutrion education 8. Technology disseminaon 33 World Food Purchase for Progress USD $5m 5 years DFATD Canada 1. Capacity Development and Supply-side Partnerships Northern Region Program (P4P) (closed) (October 2. Support to Emerging Structured Trading Systems (warehouse (2 districts) 2010 to receipt systems) September 3. Support Small and Medium Traders 2015) 4.Developing Local Processing Capacies

CONTACTS

ACCRA OFFICE TAMALE OFFICE House # 16, 15th Link, Cantonments Lamashegu, Industrial Area Opposite American Embassy, P.O. Box TL 883 Accra-Ghana Tamale, Northern Region Email:[email protected] Ghana Tel:+233 (0) 302 776 787 Email:[email protected] www.sadagh.org Tel:+233 (0) 37 202 897/8 www.sadagh.org

BRONG AHAFO REGIONAL OFFICE NORTHERN REGIONAL OFFICE Municipal Assembly Compound C/O Northern Regional Coordinating Council, ICT Building P. O. Box TL 100 P. O. Box 20 Tamale Kintampo

UPPER EAST REGIONAL OFFICE UPPER WEST REGIONAL OFFICE c/o The Regional Planning and Coordinating Regional Coordinating Council Unit (RPCU) P. O. Box 151 Regional Coordinating Council Wa Bolgatanga

VOLTA REGIONAL OFFICE c/o Krachi East District Assembly. (World Vision International Premises) P. O. Box 1 Dambai - Volta Region