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Universidade Federal De Santa Catarina Centro De Comunicação E Expressão Pós-Graduação Em Estudos Da Tradução UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA CATARINA CENTRO DE COMUNICAÇÃO E EXPRESSÃO PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ESTUDOS DA TRADUÇÃO NATANAEL FERREIRA FRANÇA ROCHA Relações e inter-relações de aspectos multimodais em tradução de canção: proposta de um modelo de análise Tese de doutorado apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos da Tradução – PGET da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina para obtenção do título de Doutor em Estudos da Tradução, sob orientação do Prof. Dr. Lincoln P. Fernandes. FLORIANÓPOLIS 2018 1 Ficha de identificação da obra elaborada pelo autor, através do Programa de Geração Automática da Biblioteca Universitária da UFSC. Rocha, Natanael Ferreira França Relações e inter-relações de aspectos multimodais em tradução de canção: proposta de um modelo de análise /Natanael Ferreira França Rocha; Orientador, Lincoln Paulo Fernandes - Florianópolis, SC, 2018. 300 p. Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Comunicação e Expressão. Programa de Pós- Graduação em Estudos da Tradução. Inclui referências 1. Tradução de Canção. 2. Música. 3. Letra 4. Performance. 5. Modelo de análise. I. Fernandes, Lincoln Paulo. II. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Estudos da Tradução. III. Título 0 2 AGRADECIMENTOS Aos meus pais, pela possibilidade da vida e por terem feito sempre o melhor que puderam para me apoiar! Ao meu caro orientador e amigo, Lincoln, por sua generosidade ao me abrir as portas para um futuro grandioso que hoje se concretiza e do qual tanto me orgulho. Sem seu apoio e confiança em minhas capacidades, tudo isso não teria sido possível. Sou eternamente grato. À Prof. Viviane Heberle e ao Prof. Marcos Morgado pela grande gentileza de ler meu trabalho e apresentar contrubuições valiosas no exame de qualificação. Ao Prof. Lauro Meller e à Camila Pasquetti por tão prontamente aceitarem o convite para a minha banca de defesa e, posteriormente, pelas contribuições tão significativas. Ao querido Gustavo F. Schutz por sua essencial presença e apoio incondicional em momentos tão críticos, pela atenção e carinho dedicados a mim de forma tão pura e despretensiosa que, com certeza, me impulsionaram a chegar até aqui. Aos meus amigos Diego Napoleão, Felipe Wisniewiski, Cândido Gazzoni, Hélio Gustavo, Eduardo Stein, Letícia Eiko, Nelso Gasparin, Edelweiss Gysel, Elisângela Liberatti, Daniel Martins, Carlos Bell e Haidi Fiedler por cada palavra de apoio, cada gesto de preocupação, cada momento compartilhado que me fizeram continuar. À CAPES pelo apoio financeiro. A todos os colegas e conhecidos que, direta ou indiretamente, contribuíram para a tão esperada conclusão deste trabalho. 3 4 [….] Enquanto viveres, brilha....... Epitáfio de Sícilo (200 a.C.) (Tradução: C. Leonardo B. Antunes, 2015) 5 6 ROCHA, N. F. F. Relações e inter-relações de aspectos multimodais em tradução de canção: proposta de um modelo de análise. 2018. 300 f. Tese (Doutorado) - Programa de Pós-graduação em Estudos da Tradução, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 2018. RESUMO Esta tese de doutorado propõe um modelo de análise de tradução de canções integrando em suas categorias aspectos tradutórios fundamentais a uma análise de natureza multimodal. O estudo parte do pressuposto de que a atividade tradutória da canção deve levar em conta o caráter transdisciplinar e multiparticipativo desse tipo de tradução, atendendo a requisitos gerados a partir das relações de significado entre a canção de partida e a canção sendo traduzida no que tange seus conteúdos linguístico, musical e performático. Nesse sentido, sugere-se que o trabalho do tradutor de canções vá além de seu nicho predominantemente linguístico-cultural, e por vezes incipientemente musical, em direção a um trabalho realizado em contato direto com profissionais de outras áreas, como músicos, letristas, cantores, diretores, entre outros. O conceito de transdisciplinaridade que pautou o estudo mostrou-se fundamental à análise tradutória, sobretudo em se tratando de canções que demandam uma abordagem multimodal na consideração de seus múltiplos aspectos semióticos. Percebeu-se, nesta tese, que os contextos multimodais onde a tradução de canções se insere são muitos, bem como são muitos os componentes semióticos envolvidos e os desafios apresentados ao tradutor. Com base na abordagem dirigida por corpus, o modelo proposto nesta tese emergiu de dois corpora de canções traduzidas criados especificamente para este fim. No cotejamento individual entre canção original e canção traduzida e, posteriormente, no conjunto de características predominantes na análise geral, relações foram estabelecidas em diversos níveis, chegando-se, portanto, à síntese de sete categorias, quais sejam: (1) relações semânticas, (2) posicionais, (3) musicais, (4) fonéticas, (5) estilísticas, (6) culturais e (7) performáticas. Constatou-se uma relação simbiótica entre as categorias do modelo, pois estas se fundem sem que hajam linhas limítrofes bem definidas entre elas. Cada categoria foi descrita e exemplificada com o material audiovisual dos corpora criados. O modelo tentou abranger o maior número de aspectos possível, visto que incluiu canções com dois e com três componentes semióticos (verbal, sonoro e visual), desde fonogramas 7 simples a canções traduzidas em musical de teatro ou dubladas em filme de animação e em videoclipes. Com a inclusão dessas produções, abriu- se um leque para variadas formas de significação em diferentes níveis, perpassando, portanto, por variados estratos multimodais de análise. Os exemplos evidenciaram algumas relações que, até então, poderiam passar despercebidas, mesmo a um tradutor da área. O modelo proposto visa complementar outras tentativas já propostas na literatura, as quais não davam conta de toda a teia complexa de relações multimodais entre palavras, música e performance no âmbito da tradução. A criação do modelo objetivou contribuir não apenas à análise, mas também à prática da tradução de canções, trazendo aspectos teóricos fundamentais que podem incitar os pesquisadores do assunto, ou mesmo conscientizar o tradutor de canção sobre suas escolhas tradutórias. É um modelo que pode, também, ser utilizado por tradutores em formação. Palavras-chave: Tradução de canção; Música; Letra; Performance; Modelo de análise. 8 ABSTRACT This doctoral dissertation proposes a song-translation analysis model that includes in its categories aspects of translation essential to a multimodal analysis. The study assumes that song translating must take into account the transdisciplinary and multiparticipative character of this type of translation, thus satisfying the requirements stemmed from relations of meaning between both the source song and the song being translated in terms of their linguistic, musical and performance content. In this regard, the study implies that the song translator’s work goes beyond his/her predominantly linguistic-cultural – and sometimes incipiently musical – niche towards a work carried out in direct contact with professionals from other areas, such as musicians, lyricists, singers, directors, among others. The concept of transdisciplinarity that guided the study was fundamental to the translation analysis, especially when dealing with songs that required a multimodal approach in the consideration of their multiple semiotic aspects. The study found that the multimodal contexts in which song translation is inserted are many, as many are the semiotic components involved and the challenges posed to the translator. Based on the corpus-driven approach, the model emerged from two corpora of translated songs created specifically for this purpose. Based on a piece- by-piece comparison between the original song and the translated song, as well as on a set of characteristics that arose in the general analysis, relations were established at several levels, leading to a synthesis of seven categories, as follows: (1) semantic, (2) positional, (3) musical, (4) phonetic, (5) stylistic, (6) cultural, and (7) performance relations. A symbiotic relationship proved evident between the categories of the model, since they merge without clear boundary lines between them. Each category was described and exemplified with audiovisual material from both corpora. The model attempted to encompass as many aspects as possible, as it included songs of two and three semiotic components (verbal, audio and visual), from simple phonograms to songs translated for theater musicals or dubbed for music videos and animated films. The inclusion of all these types of entertainment productions allowed establishing a variety of meanings at different levels, therefore traversing multimodal strata of analysis. The exemplification procedure revealed some relations that hitherto could have gone unnoticed, even to a song translator. The proposed model aims to complement other models previously proposed in the literature, which did not fully account for the 9 complex web of multimodal relations between words, music and performance within the scope of translation. The creation of the model aimed to contribute not only to the analysis but also to the practice of song translating, bringing to bare fundamental theoretical aspects that can motivate researchers or help song translators to become more aware of their own translation choices. The model can be used in translator training as well. Keywords: Song Translation; Music; Lyrics; Performance; Analysis Model. 10 LISTA DE FIGURAS Figura 1. Os quatro componentes do texto audiovisual (Zabalbeascoa, 2008)...... 62 Figura
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