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Khurram Masood Phd.Pdf c Khurram Masood May 2013 iii Dedicated to my loving parents and family iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS In the name of Allah, the Most Beneficent, the Most Merciful All praise be to Allah for His boundless blessings. May Allah bestow peace and His choicest blessings on His last prophet, Hazrat Muhammad (Peace Be Upon Him), his family (May Allah be pleased with them), his companions (May Allah be pleased with them) and his followers. Firstly my gratitude goes to my esteemed university, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM), and to its knowledgeable faculty members who have been a source of inspiration during my stay at KFUPM. I would like to acknowledge the efforts of my advisor, Dr. Asrar U. H. Sheikh, whose expert opinion and enthusiastic encouragement helped in achieving my goals during the research phase. His valuable guidance and friendly working en- vironment made the work interesting and possible. I am grateful to my dissertation committee members Dr. Ali H. Muqaibel, Dr. Mohamed A. Deriche, Dr. Abdelmalek Zidouri and Dr. Ashraf S. Hasan Mah- moud for their useful critique and feedback during my research work. I would particularly like to thank Mr. Muhammad Saqib Sohail for his efforts in develop- ment of the MATLAB simulations and his valued suggestions. v I would like to make a special acknowledgement to my friend Dr. Muhammad Imran Akram, who was always there to help me during my stay at KFUPM. I would also like to appreciate the support of all my friends at KFUPM whom I shall not be able to name here. Their friendship made my stay here at KFUPM pleasant and enjoyable. Finally, I would like to thank my parents for their prayers and support from the core of my heart. I would also like to thank my wife and my siblings for the moral support that they provided and made my stay in KSA enjoyable and memorable. May Allah help us in following Islam according to Quran and Sunna!(Ameen) vi TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES xi LIST OF FIGURES xii NOMENCLATURE xv ABSTRACT (ENGLISH) xxiv ABSTRACT (ARABIC) xxvi CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background .............................. 3 1.2 LiteratureSurvey ........................... 4 1.3 DissertationContributions . 15 1.4 DissertationLayout.......................... 16 CHAPTER 2. SUCCESS PROBABILITY IN MULTIPATH FRE- QUENCYSELECTIVEFADINGCHANNEL 18 2.1 Ring Distribution of STAs . 22 2.1.1 Phasorsumofinterferencesignals . 22 2.1.2 Power sum of interference signals . 24 2.1.3 Power Phasor Sum of Interference Signals . 28 2.1.4 Summary of results for ring distributed STAs . 29 2.2 SpatialDistributionofSTAs . 30 2.2.1 Phasorsumofinterferencesignals . 33 vii 2.3 Results................................. 38 2.4 Summary ............................... 40 CHAPTER 3. APPLICATION OF TAGGED USER ANALYSIS TO SLOTTED ALOHA PERFORMANCE 42 3.1 Introduction.............................. 43 3.2 SystemModel............................. 43 3.3 TaggedUserAnalysis......................... 45 3.3.1 Channel Contention Analysis . 46 3.3.2 Queueing Analysis . 48 3.4 PerformanceMeasuresandIterativealgorithm . 50 3.4.1 PerformanceMeasures . 50 3.4.2 TheAlgorithm ........................ 53 3.5 Selection of Optimum system operating point . 53 3.6 NumericalResultsandDiscussion . 58 3.6.1 SOI is dominant path of TU transmission . 60 3.6.2 SOI power sum of all paths of TU transmission . 63 3.6.3 Comparison between SOI dominant path and SOI sum of multipaths........................... 66 3.6.4 Effect of the buffer length on system performance . 67 3.7 Summary ............................... 68 CHAPTER 4. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF IEEE 802.11 EDCF 71 4.1 Introduction.............................. 72 4.2 OverviewofIEEE802.11. .. .. 72 4.2.1 IEEE802.11DCF ...................... 72 4.2.2 IEEE802.11QoSEDCF . .. .. 74 4.3 SystemModel............................. 74 4.4 AnalyticalModelforTUA . 76 4.4.1 Channel Contention Analysis . 76 viii 4.4.2 Queueing Analysis . 86 4.5 Performance parameters and iterative Algorithm . 88 4.5.1 Performanceparameters . 88 4.5.2 Iterative Algorithm . 91 4.6 Resultsanddiscussion ........................ 91 4.6.1 An example of WLAN network with heterogeneous traffic . 91 4.6.2 Comparison of phasor and power sum for interference signal in WLAN network with homogeneous traffic . 97 4.7 Summary ............................... 103 CHAPTER 5. APPLICATION OF TUA TO RESOURCE MAN- AGEMENT 104 5.1 Introduction.............................. 105 5.2 SystemModel............................. 105 5.2.1 ChannelSelectionStrategies . 108 5.3 Tagged User Analysis Model for Multiple Channel System . 109 5.3.1 Channel Contention Analysis . 109 5.4 PerformanceMeasures . 121 5.5 Resultsanddiscussion . .. .. 122 5.5.1 Like channels ......................... 124 5.5.2 Unlike channels ........................ 127 5.6 Summary ............................... 133 CHAPTER 6. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE RECOMMENDA- TIONS 135 6.1 Achievementsofthework . 135 6.2 Summaryofmaincontributions . 136 6.3 Futurerecommendations . 137 APPENDIX CHAPTER A. PGF FOR VPST USING SIGNAL FLOW GRAPH 138 ix APPENDIX CHAPTER B. DERIVATION OF SELECTED EQUA- TIONS IN CHAPTER 2 141 B.1 DerivationofEquation2.5 . 141 B.2 DerivationofEquation2.7 . 142 B.3 DerivationofEquation2.13 . 143 B.4 DerivationofEquation2.18 . 144 B.5 DerivationofEquation2.20 . 146 B.6 DerivationofEquation2.22 . 147 B.7 DerivationofEquation2.38 . 148 B.8 DerivationofEquation2.44 . 151 APPENDIX CHAPTER C. DERIVATION OF SELECTED EQUA- TION IN CHAPTER 4 154 C.1 DerivationofEquation4.17 . 154 REFERENCES 157 VITAE 172 x LIST OF TABLES 2.1 ChannelmodelBforNLOSmode . 38 3.1 ITU channel model for outdoor to indoor and pedestrian test envi- ronment ................................ 59 4.1 IEEE 802.11 parameters common to all traffic categories . 92 4.2 Parametersrelatedtothetrafficcategories . 92 4.3 IEEE802.11DCFsimulationparameters . 98 5.1 High rate PHY frequency channel plan for IEEE 802.11 . 106 5.2 IEEE 802.11 parameters common to all traffic categories . 122 5.3 Parametersrelatedtothetrafficcategories . 122 5.4 Times (T, D and P) at different data rates for the traffic categories 124 A.1 GainsforIEEE802.11EDCFandS-ALOHA . 138 xi LIST OF FIGURES 2.1 Bellshapeduserdistributionpdf . 32 2.2 Success probability in presence of n interferers . 39 2.3 Success probability in presence of n interferers with phasor sum . 39 2.4 Success probability in presence of n interferers with power sum . 40 3.1 Stateflowdiagramofataggeduser . 44 3.2 Time line of packet transmission . 52 3.3 Fluid approximation trajectories for p = 0 .03 > y max ....... 57 3.4 Analytic and simulation results for an S-ALOHA system with im- mediate acknowledgement, non-coherent addition, SOI dominant path only. N = 100, λ = 0 .0035 ................... 61 3.5 Throughput and load lines for (L=1,p=0.06) and (L=8,p=0.021), non-coherent addition, SOI dominant path only. N = 100, λ = 0 .0035 63 3.6 Analytic and simulation results for an S-ALOHA system with im- mediate acknowledgement, non-coherent addition, SOI sum of mul- tipaths. N = 100, λ = 0 .0035 .................... 64 3.7 Throughput and load lines for (L=1,p=0.068) and (L=8,p=0.032), non-coherent addition, SOI sum of multipaths. N = 100, λ = 0 .0035 67 3.8 Throughput vs channel access probability for a system with 100 users in ideal and fading scenario, D = 1, and capture ratio = 4dB (fading) ................................ 69 4.1 StateFlowGraphforCSMA/CA fora certain group . 76 4.2 Throughput: AggregateandeachTC . 94 xii 4.3 Blocking probability for each TC . 95 4.4 PacketresponsetimeforeachTC . 95 4.5 WaitingtimeforeachTC ...................... 96 4.6 AveragequeuelengthofeachTC . 96 4.7 VirtualpacketservicetimeforeachTC. 97 4.8 Throughput for voice oriented continuous traffic wireless networks: AggregateandforeachTC. 98 4.9 SystemthroughputforIEEE802.11DCF. 100 4.10 Blocking probability for IEEE 802.11 DCF . 100 4.11 Packet dropping probability for IEEE 802.11 DCF . 101 4.12 ResponsetimeforIEEE802.11DCF . 101 4.13 WaitingdelayforIEEE802.11DCF. 102 4.14 AveragequeuelengthforIEEE802.11DCF . 102 5.1 Flow diagram for multi-channel IEEE 802.11 . 107 5.2 State flow graph for IEEE 802.11 EDCF using 2-parallel channels 110 5.3 Throughputcomparisonfor3cases . 126 5.4 Throughput comparison with different offered load per TC. Vo:Vi:Da::4:1:1 . 126 5.5 Throughput comparison with different offered load per TC. Vo:Vi:Da::1:4:1 . 128 5.6 Throughput comparison with different offered load per TC. Vo:Vi:Da::1:1:4 . 128 5.7 Throughput for C=3 SPC each @11Mbps and same CWmin=16 forvideoanddatatraffic . 129 5.8 Throughput for C=3 SPC each @11Mbps and same CWmin=10 forvideoanddatatraffic . 129 5.9 Throughput for C=2 Unlike channels @22,11 Mbps . 132 5.10 Throughput for C=3 Unlike channels @22,2x5.5 Mbps . 132 5.11 Throughput for C=5 Unlike channels @11,4x5.5 Mbps . 133 xiii A.1 EvaluationofPGFusingstateflowgraph . 139 xiv Nomenclature Abbreviations AC : Access Category AIFS : Arbitration Inter-Frame Space AIFSN : Arbitration Inter-Frame Spacing Number AP : Access Point BBR : Basic Bit Rate BO : Back-off BR : Bit Rate CR : Cognitive Radio CSMA : Carrier Sense Multiple Access CSMA/CA : CSMA with Collision Avoidance CSMA/CD : CSMA with Collision Detection CT : Channel Type CTB : Collapsed Transition onto Basis CW : Contention Window CWmax : Maximum Contention Window CWmin : Minimum Contention Window DCA : Dynamic Channel Assignment DCF : Distributed Coordination Function DFT : Defer First Transmission xv DIFS : DCF Inter Frame Space DPC : Dedicated Parallel Channel EDCA : Enhanced Distributed Channel Access EDCF : Enhanced
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