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Northeast Extension Systems Northeast VEGETABLE & STRAWBERRY PEST IDENTIFICATION GUIDE Weeds • Insects • Diseases • Physiological Disorders 2016 Edition UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE COOPERATING. $15.00 Northeast Vegetable & Strawberry Pest Identification Guide Co-Editors: A. Richard Bonanno, University of Massachusetts Ruth Hazzard, University of Massachusetts Assistant Editors: Kate Everts, University of Maryland and University of Delaware David Handley, University of Maine Cathy Heidenreich, Cornell University John Howell, University of Massachusetts Bradley Majek, Rugers University Joanne Whalen, University of Delaware Robert Wick, University of Massachusetts Jude Boucher, University of Connecticutt Susan Scheufele, University of Massachusetts Partial funding for this document was provided by the U.S. E.P.A., Region 1, Strategic Agricultural Initiative Program Funds. Grant Number: X8971450010 USDA CSREES The Vegetable IPM Working Group 2 Northeastern IPM Center UMass Extension Weeds t Common Name Latin Name Plate Page Common Name Latin Name Plate Page Barnyardgrass Echinochloa crusgalli W-1 10 Nutsedge, Yellow Cyperus esculentum W-35 13 Bedstraw, Catchweed Galium aparine W-2 10 Oats Avena fatua L W-36 13 Bindweed, Field Convolvulus arvensis W-3 10 Orchardgrass Dactylis glomerata W-37 14 Campion, White Silene alba W-4 10 Panicum, Fall Panicum dichotomiflorum W-38 14 Canada Thistle Cirsium arvense W-5 10 Pansy, Field Viola arvensis W-39 14 Carolina Geranium (Cranesbill) Geranium carolinianum L W-6 10 Pennycress, Field Thlaspi arvense W-40 14 Carpetweed Mollugo verticillata W-7 10 Pepperweed, Virginia Lepidium virginicum W-41 14 Chickweed Stellaria media W-8 10 Pigweed, Redroot Amaranthus retroflexus W-42 14 Clover Trifolium sp. W-9 10 Pimpernel, Scarlet Anagallis arvensis L. W-43 14 Clover, Red Trifolium pretense W-10 11 Pimpernel, Scarlet (2 images) W-44 14 Cocklebur Xanthium strumarium W-11 11 Pineapple-weed Matricaria discoidea W-45 14 Crabgrass Digitaria sanguinalis W-12 11 Purslane, Common Portulaca oleracea W-46 15 Crabgrass (2 images) W-13 11 Quackgrass Elymus repens W-47 15 Curly Dock Rumex crispus W-14 11 Quackgrass (2 images) W-48 15 Dandelion Taraxacum officinale W-15 11 Ragweed, Common Ambrosia artemisifolium W-49 15 Foxtail, Green Setaria viridis W-16 11 Rye, Annual Lolium multiflorum Lam. W-50 15 Foxtail, Yellow Setaria glauca W-17 11 Rye, Annual (2 images) W-51 15 Galinsoga Galinsoga ciliata W-18 11 Shepherdspurse Capsella bursa-pastoris W-52 15 Goldenrod Solidago sp. W-19 12 Shepherdspurse (2 images) W-53 15 Goosegrass Eleusine indica W-20 12 Smartweed, Pennsylvania Polygonum pensylvanicum W-54 15 Groundsel, Common Senecio vulgaris W-21 12 Sorrel, Red Rumex acetosella W-55 16 Groundsel, Common (2 images) W-22 12 Sorrel, Red (2 images) W-56 16 Horsetail, Field Equisetum arvence W-21 12 Sorrel, Yellow Wood (Oxalis) Oxalis stricta W-57 16 Jimsonweed Datura stramonium W-24 12 Sowthistle, Perennial Sonchus arvensis W-58 16 Johnsongrass Sorghum halpense W-25 12 Speedwell, Common Veronica officinalis L W-59 16 Lambsquarters, Common Chenopodium album W-26 12 Speedwell, Corn Veronica arvensis L W-60 16 Lettuce, Prickly Lactuca serriola W-27 12 Terbacil pesticide injury W-61 16 Mallow, Common Malva neglecta W-28 13 Toadflax, Yellow Marestail (horseweed) Conyza canadensis W-29 13 (Butter & Eggs) Linaria vulgaris W-62 16 Morningglory Ipomea sp. W-30 13 Velvetleaf Abutilon theophrasti W-63 16 Mustard, Wild Brassica kaber W-31 13 Nettle, Purple Dead Lamium purpureum W-32 13 Nightshade Solanum sp. W-33 13 Nightshade, Eastern Black Solanum ptycanthum W-34 13 Insects t Common Name Latin Name Plate Page Common Name Latin Name Plate Page Aphid, Cabbage Brevicoryne brassicae I-1 17 Cucumber Beetle, Spotted Diabrotica undecimpunctata I-33 20 Aphid, Corn Leaf Rhopalosiphum maidis I-2 17 Cucumber Beetle, Striped Acalymma vittatum I-34 20 Aphid, Green Peach Myzus persicae I-3 17 Cutworm, Black Agrotis ipsilon I-35 20 Aphid, Melon Aphis gossypii I-4 17 Cutworm Damage I-36 20 Aphid, Pea Acyrthosiphon pisum I-5 17 Cutworm, Variegated Peridroma saucia I-37 21 Aphid, Potato Macrosiphum euphorbiae I-6 17 Diamondback Moth Plutella xylostella I-38 21 Asiatic Garden Beetle Maladera castanea I-7 17 Diamondback Moth (2 images) I-39 21 Asiatic Garden Beetle (3 images) I-8 17 European Corn Borer Ostrinia nubilalis I-40 21 Asiatic Garden Beetle I-9 17 European Corn Borer (3 images) I-41 21 Asparagus Beetle, Common Crioceris duodecimpuntata I-10 18 European Corn Borer I-42 21 Asparagus Beetle, Common (2 images) I-11 18 Fall Armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda I-43 21 Asparagus Beetle, Spotted Creoceris duodecimpunctata I-12 18 Fall Armyworm (2 images) I-44 21 Asparagus Miner Ophiomyia simplex I-13 18 Flea Beetle, Corn Chaetocnema pulicaria I-45 21 Asparagus Miner (2 images) I-14 18 Flea Beetle, Crucifer Phyllotreta cruciferae I-46 22 Asparagus Miner Ophiomyia simplex I-15 18 Flea Beetle, Crucifer (2 images) I-47 22 Bean Leaf Beetle Cerotoma trifurcata I-16 18 Flea Beetle, Eggplant Epitrix fuscula I-48 22 Beet Armyworm Spodoptera exigua I-17 18 Flea Beetle, Striped Phyllotreta striolata I-49 22 Beet Armyworm (2 images) I-18 18 Fungus Gnat, Darkwinged Bradysia spp. I-50 22 Blister Beetle, Margined Epicauta funebris I-19 19 Fungus Gnat, Darkwinged (2 images) I-51 22 Cabbage Looper Trichoplusia ni I-20 19 Harlequin Bug Murgantia histrionica I-52 22 Cabbage Maggot Delia radicum I-21 19 Harlequin Bug (2 images) I-53 22 Cabbage Maggot (3 images) I-22 19 Hornworm, Tomato Manduca quinquemaculata I-54 22 Cabbage Maggot I-23 19 Imported Cabbageworm Pieris rapae I-55 23 Carrot Rust Fly Psila rosae I-24 19 Imported Cabbageworm (2 images) I-56 23 Carrot Weevil Listronotus oregonensis I-25 19 Imported Cabbageworm Pieris rapae I-57 23 Colorado Potato Beetle Leptinotarsa decemlineata I-26 19 Japanese Beetle Popillia japonica I-58 23 Colorado Potato Beetle (2 images) I-27 19 Japanese Beetle (2 images) I-59 23 Corn Earworm Helicoverpa zea I-28 20 Leafhopper, Aster Macrosteles quadralineatis I-60 23 Corn Earworm (3 images) I-29 20 Leafhopper, Potato Empoasca fabae I-61 23 Corn Earworm & Fall Armyworm I-30 20 Leafhopper, Potato (3 images) I-62 23 Cross-striped Cabbageworm Evergestis rimosalis I-31 20 Leafhopper, Potato I-63 23 Cross-striped Cabbageworm (2 images) I-32 20 Leafminer, Beet Pegomya betae I-64 24 4 Common Name Latin Name Plate Page Common Name Latin Name Plate Page Leafminer, Vegetable Liriomyza sativae I-65 24 Stink bug, Green Acrosernum hilare I-97 27 Mexican Bean Beetle Epilachna varivestis I-66 24 Stink bug, Marmorated Halyomorpha halys I-98 27 Mite, Twospotted Spider Tetranychus urticae I-67 24 Swede Midge Contarinia nasturtii I-99 27 Mite, Twospotted Spider (2 images) I-68 24 Swede Midge (2 images) I-100 28 Northern Corn Rootworm Diabrotica barberi I-69 24 Tarnished Plant Bug Lygus lineolaris I-101 28 Onion Maggot Delia antiqua I-70 24 Tarnished Plant Bug (2 images) I-102 28 Oriental Beetle Exomala orientalis I-71 24 Thrips, Onion Thrips tabaci I-103 28 Pepper Maggot Zonosemata electa I-72 24 Thrips, Onion (3 images) I-104 28 Pepper Maggot (3 images) I-73 25 Thrips, Onion I-105 28 Pepper Maggot I-74 25 Thrips, Western Flower Frankliniella occidentalis I-106 28 Pepper Weevil adult Anthonomus eugenii I-75 25 Thrips, Western Flower (2 images) I-107 28 Pepper Weevil larva (2 images) I-76 25 Tomato Fruitworm Helicoverpa zea I-108 28 Saltmarsh Caterpillar Estigmene acrea I-77 25 Tomato Pinworm Keiferia lycopersicella I-109 29 Sap Beetle, Dusky Carpophilus lugubris I-78 25 Tortoise Beetle, Clavate Plagiometriona clavata I-110 29 Sap Beetle, Fourspotted Glischrochilus quadrisignatus I-79 25 Tortoise Beetle, Clavate (2 images) I-111 29 Sap Beetle, Fourspotted (2 images) I-80 25 True Armyworm Pseudaletia unipunctata I-112 29 Seedcorn Maggot Delia platura I-81 25 Webworm, Garden Achyra rantalis I-113 29 Slug, Grey Garden Decroceras reticultatum I-82 26 Webworm, Hawaiian Beet & Garden Spoladea recurvalis I-114 29 Slug, Grey Garden (2 images) I-83 26 Western Corn Rootworm Diabrotica vergifera I-115 29 Soybean Looper Pseudoplusia includens I-84 26 Whitefly, Greenhouse Trialeurodes vaporariorum I-116 29 Spotted Wing Drosophila Drosophila suzukii I-85 26 Wireworm Melanotus spp. I-117 29 Spotted Wing Drosophila (4 images) I-86 26 Wireworm (2 images) I-118 30 Spotted Wing Drosophila I-87 26 Spotted Wing Drosophila I-88 26 Beneficial Insects: Squash Bug Anasa tristis I-89 26 Insidious Flower Bug Orius insidiosus I-119 30 Squash Bug (3 images) I-90 26 Ladybeetle larva species unknown I-120 30 Squash Bug I-91 27 Ladybeetle, Multicolored Asian Harmonia axyridis I-121 30 Squash Vine Borer Melittia cucurbitae I-92 27 Ladybeetle, Twelve Spotted Coleomegilla maculata I-124 30 Squash Vine Borer (2 images) I-93 27 Spined Soldier Bug Podisus maculiventris I-123 30 Stalk Borer, Common Papaipema nebris I-94 27 Syrphid Fly larvae Syrphid species I-124 30 Stink Bug Euschistus spp. I-95 27 Predatory Midge Aphidoletes aphidimyza I-125 30 Stink Bug, Brown Euschistus servus I-96 27 Parasite of imported cabbageworm Cotesia rubecula species I-126 30 Diseases & Disorders t Vegetable & Disease/Disorder Plate Page Vegetable & Disease/Disorder Plate Page Vegetable & Disease/Disorder Plate Page Alliums, Downy Mildew D-1 31 Brassicas, Black Rot D-28 34 Cucurbits, Anthracnose D-55 37 Alliums, Leaf Blight D-2 31 Brassicas, Boron Deficiency D-29 34 Cucurbits, Bacterial Fruit Blotch D-56 37 Alliums, Purple Blotch D-3 31 Brassicas, Clubroot D-30 34 Cucurbits, Bacterial Wilt D-57 37 Asparagus,
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  • Essential Oils As Potential Alternative Biocontrol Products Against Plant Pathogens and Weeds: a Review

    Essential Oils As Potential Alternative Biocontrol Products Against Plant Pathogens and Weeds: a Review

    foods Review Essential Oils as Potential Alternative Biocontrol Products against Plant Pathogens and Weeds: A Review Robin Raveau , Joël Fontaine and Anissa Lounès-Hadj Sahraoui * Unité de Chimie Environnementale et Interactions sur le Vivant (UCEIV, UR 4492), Université du Littoral Côte d’Opale, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, 50 rue Ferdinand Buisson, 62228 Calais cedex, France; [email protected] (R.R.); [email protected] (J.F.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +33-032-146-3658; Fax: +33-032-146-3642 Received: 23 February 2020; Accepted: 17 March 2020; Published: 21 March 2020 Abstract: Naturally produced by aromatic plants, essential oils (EO) contain a wide range of volatile molecules, including mostly secondary metabolites, which possess several biological activities. Essential oils properties such as antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities are known for a long time and hence widely used in traditional medicines, cosmetics and food industries. However, despite their effects against many phytopathogenic fungi, oomycetes and bacteria as well as weeds, their use in agriculture remains surprisingly scarce. The purpose of the present review is to gather and discuss up-to-date biological activities of EO against weeds, plant pathogenic fungi, oomycetes and bacteria, reported in the scientific literature. Innovative methods, potentially valuable to improve the efficiency and reliability of EO, have been investigated. In particular, their use towards a more sustainable agriculture has been discussed, aiming at encouraging the use of alternative products to substitute synthetic pesticides to control weeds and plant diseases, without significantly affecting crop yields. An overview of the market and the recent advances on the regulation of these products as well as future challenges to promote their development and wider use in disease management programs is described.
  • Allelopathy: How Plants Suppress Other Plants1 James J

    Allelopathy: How Plants Suppress Other Plants1 James J

    HS944 Allelopathy: How Plants Suppress Other Plants1 James J. Ferguson, Bala Rathinasabapathi, and Carlene A. Chase2 What Is Allelopathy? weed-free zones, and other related changes in vegetation patterns. Our purpose here is to introduce the concept Allelopathy refers to the beneficial or harmful effects of of allelopathy, to cite specific examples, and to mention one plant on another plant, both crop and weed species, potential applications as an alternative weed management from the release of biochemicals, known as allelochemicals, strategy. from plant parts by leaching, root exudation, volatilization, residue decomposition, and other processes in both natural and agricultural systems. Allelochemicals are a subset Nature of Allelopathy of secondary metabolites not required for metabolism Commonly cited effects of allelopathy include reduced seed (growth and development) of the allelopathic organism. germination and seedling growth. Like synthetic herbicides, Allelochemicals with negative allelopathic effects are an there is no common mode of action or physiological target important part of plant defense against herbivory (i.e., site for all allelochemicals. However, known sites of action animals eating plants as their primary food) (Fraenkel 1959; for some allelochemicals include cell division, pollen Stamp 2003). germination, nutrient uptake, photosynthesis, and specific enzyme function. For example, one study that examined The term allelopathy is from the Greek-derived compounds the effect of an allelochemical known in velvetbean, allelo and pathy (meaning “mutual harm” or “suffering”) 3-(3’,4’-dihydroxyphenyl)-l-alanine (l-DOPA), indicated and was first used in 1937 by Austrian scientist Hans that the inhibition by this compound is due to adverse Molisch in the book Der Einfluss einer Pflanze auf die effects on amino acid metabolism and iron concentration andere - Allelopathie (The Effect of Plants on Each Other) equilibrium.
  • Native Grasses and Flowers of Dauphin County PA

    Native Grasses and Flowers of Dauphin County PA

    Grasses and flowers considered native to Dauphin County, PA (based on historic records; might not necessarily reflect what currently grows in the county) source: USDA Search instructions: click on one the filter buttons and input a genus or common name phrase Scientific Name Common Name Acalypha gracilens slender threeseed mercury Acalypha rhomboidea common threeseed mercury Acalypha virginica Virginia threeseed mercury Achillea millefolium common yarrow Actaea pachypoda white baneberry Actaea racemosa black baneberry Actaea racemosa var. racemosa black bugbane Adiantum pedatum northern maidenhair Adlumia fungosa allegheny vine Agalinis purpurea purple false foxglove Agalinis tenuifolia slenderleaf false foxglove Agastache nepetoides yellow giant hyssop Ageratina altissima white snakeroot Ageratina altissima var. altissima white snakeroot Agrimonia gryposepala tall hairy agrimony Agrimonia microcarpa smallfruit agrimony Agrimonia parviflora harvestlice Agrimonia pubescens soft agrimony Agrimonia rostellata beaked agrimony Agrimonia striata roadside agrimony Agrostis hyemalis winter bentgrass Agrostis perennans upland bentgrass Agrostis scabra rough bentgrass Alisma subcordatum American water plantain Allium canadense meadow garlic Allium canadense var. canadense meadow garlic Allium tricoccum ramp Amaranthus hybridus slim amaranth Amaranthus powellii Powell's amaranth Amaranthus retroflexus redroot amaranth Amaranthus spinosus spiny amaranth Ambrosia artemisiifolia annual ragweed Ambrosia trifida great ragweed Ambrosia trifida var. trifida