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CLASS PLT, PLANTS plant is noted for its foliage or its flowers may sometimes be a subjective decision. When in doubt, look at SECTION I - CLASS DEFINITION the subclass definitions for guidance.

This is the class for plants which are patentable under The color definitions given herein are substantially Title 35 U.S. Code, Section 161, which provides for the those found in Webster's New International Dictionary, granting of a patent to whoever invents or discovers and Second Edition, Unabridged, published by G.C. Mer- asexually reproduces any distinct and new variety of riam Co., Springfield, MA. Each color definition refers plant, including cultivated sports, mutants, hybrids, and to one or more plant patents so that the blossoms of the newly found seedlings other than a tuber propagated plant patents themselves comprise a kind of color chart plant or a plant found in an uncultivated state. to illustrate the words of the definitions. The color designations apply to the color of the blossom when it is newly open and in an unfaded condition, i.e., not in bud SECTION II - LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES or in full bloom. The color designation in the patent AND WITHIN THIS CLASS specification is the color used to determine placement of patents. II. LINES WITH OTHER CLASSES AND WITHIN THIS CLASS The effects of light and shadow should be discounted when determining the true color of a blossom for pur- In order to be properly classified, a patent or publication poses of classification. Also, the color at the base of the is placed in the first appearing of a series of coordinate petal should be disregarded except where a two-tone or subclasses which includes the subject matter of the bicolor effect is quite obvious. patent or publication. Thus, a patent describing a plant which is both a conifer and a shrub is classified as a All the color designations refer to solid colors unless conifer rather than a shrub. A patent not fitting the clearly indicated otherwise. Thus, considering the group description of any of the first line subclasses is classi- of climbing roses, a striped or bicolor rose would not be fied in miscellaneous subclasses elsewhere. (See Sub- proper for any of the indented subclasses but would be class References to the Current Class, below.) placed in the miscellaneous subclass for climbing roses. In determining whether or not a blossom has a solid A subclass which is positioned one indent to the left of color, the appearance of the flower as a whole is the one or more following subclasses is considered to be the proper criterion. Minor flecks and gradations of color residual (miscellaneous) subclass for that group of sub- should be disregarded. However, both faces of all petals classes. Thus, the subclass titled Shrubs or vines, must be substantially the same color. (See References to includes those shrubs or vines which are not azaleas or the Current Class, below.) rhododendrons, barberries, buddleias, etc., while the subclass titled Camellia, includes those camellias which are neither pink nor red. (See Subclass References to the SECTION III - SUBCLASS REFERENCES TO Current Class, below.) THE CURRENT CLASS

Subclasses in this class have been created based on the SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUBCLASS: commercial or market class in which the plants are nor- 109, for climbing roses. mally found. For example, though a tomato is botani- 156+, for fruit. cally a fruit, it is sold as a vegetable, therefore making 213, for a plant classified as a conifer. classification proper for the vegetable area rather than 226, for a plant classified as a shrub. the fruit area. Though some varieties of philodendron 226, for shrubs or vines which are not azaleas or may grow as a vine, it is normally sold with the orna- rhodendrons, barberries, buddleias, etc. mental foliage plants and therefore is classified in that 243, for camellias which are neither pink nor red. area rather than with the vines and shrubs. (See Subclass 258, for vegetable. References to the Current Class, below.) 373+, for ornamental foliage plants. 395, for miscellaneous. If a plant is noted for its flowers and its foliage, it will normally be classified with the ornamental flowering plants since those subclasses appear in the schedule SECTION IV - REFERENCES TO OTHER prior to the ornamental foliage subclasses. Whether a CLASSES

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SEE OR SEARCH CLASS: 105 Orange: 800, Multicellular Living Organisms and Unmodi- This subclass is indented under subclass 102. fied Parts Thereof and Related Processes, sub- Shrub rose characterized by blossoms which classes 295+ for living multicellular plants and are orange (a color varying from reddish red- separated or severed parts thereof that have not yellow to red-yellow, in saturation from high to undergone any modification or treatment sub- very high, and in brilliance from medium to sequent to their separation (e.g., untreated high), as typified by U.S. plant patent Nos. seeds, etc.). 9705, 9527, and 9524.

106 Salmon: This subclass is indented under subclass 102. SUBCLASSES Shrub rose characterized by blossoms which are salmon (a color which is reddish red-yel- 101 ROSE: low, of medium saturation and high brilliance), This subclass is indented under the class defini- as typified by U.S. plant patent No. 7312. tion. Plant which is a member of the genus Rosa and not otherwise provided for. 107 Pink: This subclass is indented under subclass 102. 102 Shrub: Shrub rose characterized by blossoms which This subclass is indented under subclass 101. are pink (a color varying from reddish blue-red Rose plant which is characterized as highly to yellowish red, from low to medium satura- basally dominant, forming a profusion of tion and from high to very high brilliance), as upwardly extending canes, resulting in a dense, typified by U.S. plant patent Nos. 9680, 9641, mounded, shrub-like specimen plant as typified and 9526. by U.S. plant patent Nos. 9715, 9191, and 8680. 108 Red: This subclass is indented under subclass 102. (1) Note. This plant may also be character- Shrub rose characterized by blossoms which ized by short to medium length flower- are red (a color ranging from that of blood to ing stems, superior cold hardiness and that of a ruby), as typified by U.S. plant patent disease resistance, coarseness of the Nos. 9649, 9537, and 9554. blooms and/or plant, and abundant foliage. Shrub-like plants with highly quar- 109 Climber: tered blooms are also included in this This subclass is indented under subclass 101. subclass. Rose plant characterized by vigorous, long, erect or lax canes suitable for training on trel- 103 White: lises or fences, as typified by U.S. plant patent This subclass is indented under subclass 102. Nos. 8019, 6892, and 5049. Shrub rose characterized by blossoms which are white (a color comparable to fresh snow; a (1) Note. “Pillar” and “Rambler” roses are neutral or achromatic color of highest bril- proper for this and indented subclasses. liance; the lightest gray) as typified by U.S. plant patent Nos. 9650, 9374, and 8871. 110 White: This subclass is indented under subclass 109. 104 Yellow: Climbing rose characterized by blossoms This subclass is indented under subclass 102. which are white (a color comparable to fresh Shrub rose characterized by blossoms which snow; a neutral or achromatic color of highest are yellow (a color which resembles the hue of brilliance; the lightest gray), as typified by U.S. ripe lemons or the color of sulfur) as typified plant patent Nos. 8689, 6706, and 2284. by U.S. plant patent Nos. 9007, 8668, and 8682. 111 Yellow: This subclass is indented under subclass 109. Climbing rose characterized by blossoms

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which are yellow (a color which resembles the hue of ripe lemons or the color of sulphur), as 118 Yellow: typified by U.S. plant patent Nos. 9012, 8411, This subclass is indented under subclass 116. and 6509. Miniature rose characterized by blossoms which are yellow (a color which resembles the 112 Orange: hue of ripe lemons or the color of sulphur), as This subclass is indented under subclass 109. typified by U.S. plant patent Nos. 9414, 9401, Climbing rose characterized by blossoms and 9159. which are orange (a color varying from reddish red-yellow to red-yellow, in saturation from 119 Orange: high to very high, and in brilliance from This subclass is indented under subclass 116. medium to high), as typified by U.S. plant Miniature rose characterized by blossoms patent Nos. 9356, 9233, and 9013. which are orange (a color varying from reddish red-yellow to red-yellow, in saturation from 113 Salmon: high to very high, and in brilliance from This subclass is indented under subclass 109. medium to high), as typified by U.S. plant Climbing rose characterized by blossoms patent Nos. 9656, 7606, and 7558. which are salmon (a color which is reddish red- yellow, of medium saturation and high bril- 120 Salmon: liance) as typified by U.S. plant patent Nos. This subclass is indented under subclass 116. 7617, 6596, and 1606. Miniature rose characterized by blossoms which are salmon (a color which is reddish red- 114 Pink: yellow, of medium saturation and high bril- This subclass is indented under subclass 109. liance) as typified by U.S. plant patent Nos. Climbing rose characterized by blossoms 9018, 8515, and 7032. which are pink (a color varying from reddish blue-red to yellowish red, from low to medium 121 Pink: saturation, and from high to very high bril- This subclass is indented under subclass 116. liance), as typified by U.S. plant patent Nos. Miniature rose characterized by blossoms 9612, 9492, and 7196. which are pink (a color varying from reddish blue-red to yellowish red, from low to medium 115 Red: saturation, and from high to very high bril- This subclass is indented under subclass 109. liance), as typified by U.S. plant patent Nos. Climbing rose characterized by blossoms 9735, 9717, and 9651. which are red (a color ranging from that of blood to that of a ruby), as typified by U.S. 122 Red: plant patent Nos. 8741, 6817, and 4910. This subclass is indented under subclass 116. Miniature rose characterized by blossoms 116 Miniature: which are red (a color ranging from that of This subclass is indented under subclass 101. blood to that of a ruby), as typified by U.S. Rose plant which is characterized primarily by plant patent Nos. 9528, 9483, and 9090. short stature (ranging in height from a few inches to approximately 20 inches), petite foli- 123 Super-miniature: age, and blossoms of a diameter which is gen- This subclass is indented under subclass 101. erally 1.5 inches or less, as typified by U.S. Rose plant which is primarily characterized as plant patent Nos. 9749, 9734, and 9033. being greater in height, stature, foliage size, and bloom size than miniatures, but still lesser 117 White: than floribundas, as typified by U.S. plant This subclass is indented under subclass 116. patent Nos. 9821, 9798, and 9786. Miniature rose characterized by blossoms which are white (a color comparable to fresh (1) Note. Typical height ranges would be snow; a neutral or achromatic color of highest from greater than 18 inches to 30 inches brilliance; the lightest gray), as typified by U.S. plus, with bloom diameters characterized plant patent Nos. 9280, 9279, and 9016.

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as greater than 1.5 inches, usually in the range of 2 to 2.5 inches. 130 Grandiflora or hybrid tea: This subclass is indented under subclass 101. 124 White: Rose plant characterized as free flowering with This subclass is indented under subclass 123. large, well-shaped blooms borne singly or in Super-miniature rose characterized by blos- small clusters on long stems, as typified by soms which are white (a color comparable to U.S. plant patent Nos. 9806, 9805, and 9706. fresh snow; a neutral or achromatic color of highest brilliance; the lightest gray), as typified 131 Red bicolor: by U.S. plant patent Nos. 8899, 8850, and This subclass is indented under subclass 130. 5557. Grandiflora or hybrid tea rose characterized by blooms in which either the reverse or face side 125 Yellow: of the petal is red (a color ranging from that of This subclass is indented under subclass 123. blood to that of a ruby) and the other side of the Super-miniature rose characterized by blos- petal is a different color, as typified by U.S. soms which are yellow (a color which resem- plant patent Nos. 9376, 9064, and 9052. bles the hue of ripe lemons or the color of sulfur), as typified by U.S. plant patent Nos. 132 Mottled, multiple, or striped colors: 6560, 5690, and 5427. This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Grandiflora or hybrid tea rose characterized by 126 Orange: blooms exhibiting a splashing, striping, speck- This subclass is indented under subclass 123. ling, or dotting of two or more distinct colors, Super-miniature rose characterized by blos- as typified by U.S. plant patent Nos. 9574, soms which are orange (a color varying from 9037, 8590, and 3623. reddish red-yellow to red-yellow, in saturation from high to very high, and in brilliance from 133 White: medium to high), as typified by U.S. plant This subclass is indented under subclass 130. patent Nos. 9420, 8578, and 5246. Grandiflora or hybrid tea rose characterized by blooms which are white (a color comparable to 127 Salmon: fresh snow; a neutral or achromatic color of This subclass is indented under subclass 123. highest brilliance; the lightest gray), as typified Super-miniature rose characterized by blos- by U.S. plant patent Nos. 9833, 9402, and soms which are salmon (a color which is red- 9328. dish red-yellow, of medium saturation and high brilliance), as typified by U.S. plant patent 134 Yellow: Nos. 8554, 7188, and 5118. This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Grandiflora or hybrid tea rose characterized by 128 Pink: blooms which are yellow (a color which resem- This subclass is indented under subclass 123. bles the hue of ripe lemons or the color of sul- Super-miniature rose characterized by blos- phur), as typified by U.S. plant patent Nos. soms which are pink (a color varying from red- 9719, 9608, and 9591. dish blue-red to yellowish red, from low to medium saturation, and from high to very high 135 Orange: brilliance), as typified by U.S. plant patent This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Nos. 9790, 6139, and 6132. Grandiflora or hybrid tea rose characterized by blooms which are orange (a color varying from 129 Red: reddish red-yellow to red-yellow, in saturation This subclass is indented under subclass 123. from high to very high, and in brilliance from Super-miniature rose characterized by blos- medium to high), as typified by U.S. plant soms which are red (a color ranging from that patent Nos. 9609, 9170, and 9116. of blood to that of a ruby), as typified by U.S. plant patent Nos. 9160, 9063, and 8555. 136 Salmon: This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Grandiflora or hybrid tea rose characterized by

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blooms which are salmon (a color which is reddish red-yellow, of medium saturation and high 142 Red bicolor: brilliance), as typified by U.S. plant patent This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Nos. 9330, 9043, 8629. Floribunda or polyantha rose characterized by blooms in which either the reverse or face side 137 Light to medium pink: of the petal is red (a color ranging from that of This subclass is indented under subclass 130. blood to that of a ruby) and the other side of the Grandiflora or hybrid tea rose characterized by petal is a different color, as typified by U.S. blooms which range from a light to a medium plant patent Nos. 9405, 8579, and 7139. shade of pink (a color varying from reddish blue-red to yellowish red, from low to medium 143 Mottled, multiple, or striped colors: saturation, and from high to very high bril- This subclass is indented under subclass 141. liance), as typified by U.S. plant patent Nos. Floribunda or polyantha rose characterized by 9808, 9807, and 9289. blooms exhibiting a splashing, striping, speckling or dotting of two or more distinct colors, 138 Dark pink: as typified by U.S. plant patent Nos. 9592, This subclass is indented under subclass 130. 6255, and 5399. Grandiflora or hybrid tea rose characterized by blooms which are a dark shade of pink (a color 144 White: varying from reddish blue-red to yellowish red, This subclass is indented under subclass 141. from low to medium saturation, and from high Floribunda or polyantha rose characterized by to very high brilliance), as typified by U.S. blooms which are white (a color comparable to plant patent Nos. 9564, 9403, and 8632. fresh snow; a neutral or achromatic color of highest brilliance; the lightest gray), as typified 139 Light to medium red: by U.S. plant patent Nos. 9720, 9629, 8580. This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Grandiflora or hybrid tea rose characterized by 145 Yellow: blooms which range from a light to medium This subclass is indented under subclass 141. shade of red (a color ranging from that of blood Floribunda or polyantha rose characterized by to that of a ruby), as typified by U.S. plant blooms which are yellow (a color which resem- patent Nos. 9862, 9736, and 9636. bles the hue of ripe lemons or the color of sulphur), as typified by U.S. plant patent Nos. 140 `Dark red: 9657, 9512, and 8946. This subclass is indented under subclass 130. Grandiflora or hybrid tea rose characterized by 146 Orange: blooms which are a dark shade of red (a color This subclass is indented under subclass 141. ranging from that of blood to that of a ruby), as Floribunda or polyantha rose characterized by typified by U.S. plant patent Nos. 9974, 9915, blooms which are orange (a color varying from and 8754. reddish red-yellow to red-yellow, in saturation from high to very high, and in brilliance from 141 Floribunda or polyantha: medium to high), as typified by U.S. plant This subclass is indented under subclass 101. patent Nos. 9711, 8900, and 5428. Rose plant characterized as very free flowering with blooms borne in clusters as typified by 147 Salmon: U.S. plant patent Nos. 9600, 9171, and 9161. This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Floribunda or polyantha rose characterized by (1) Note. Floribundas are generally of lesser blooms which are salmon (a color which is red- stature than hybrid teas or grandifloras, dish red-yellow, of medium saturation and high and polyanthas are generally smaller brilliance), as typified by U.S. plant patent than floribundas, in bloom size as well as Nos. 9721, 6165, and 5764. stature. 148 Light to medium pink: This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Floribunda or polyantha rose characterized by

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blooms which range from a light to a medium shade of pink (a color varying from reddish 156 FRUIT (INCLUDING ORNAMENTAL blue-red to yellowish red, from low to medium VARIETY): saturation and from high to very high bril- This subclass is indented under the class defini- liance), as typified by U.S. plant patent Nos. tion. Plant which (a) bears edible and fleshy 9722, 9613, and 9101. fruit or (b) is an “ornamental” variety of fruiting species which may bear no fruit at all and is 149 Dark pink: characterized by attractive foliage or blossoms. This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Floribunda or polyantha rose characterized by (1) Note. Interspecific hybrids are classified blooms which are a dark shade of pink (a color in the subclass which includes both or all varying from reddish blue-red to yellowish red, plants involved in the interspecific cross. from low to medium saturation and from high For example, a lemon X lime hybrid to very high brilliance), as typified by U.S. would be placed in the citrus subclass plant patent Nos. 9689, 9567, and 8183. and a plum X apricot hybrid would be placed in the stone fruit subclass. 150 Light to medium red: This subclass is indented under subclass 141. 157 Blueberry: Floribunda or polyantha rose characterized by This subclass is indented under subclass 156. blooms which range from a light to a medium Fruit plant which belongs to the genus Vaccin- shade of red (a color ranging from that of blood ium. to that of a ruby), as typified by U.S. plant patent Nos. 9032, 8743, and 8634. 158 Olive: This subclass is indented under subclass 156. 151 Dark red: Fruit plant which belongs to the genus Olea. This subclass is indented under subclass 141. Floribunda or polyantha rose characterized by 159 Mango: blooms which are a dark shade of red (a color This subclass is indented under subclass 156. ranging from that of blood to that of a ruby), as Fruit plant which belongs to the genus typified by U.S. plant patent Nos. 8025, 7996, Mangifera. and 7157. 160 Plantain or banana: 152 NUT (INCLUDING ORNAMENTAL This subclass is indented under subclass 156. VARIETY): Fruit plant which belongs to the genus Musa. This subclass is indented under the class definition. Plant which (a) bears edible hard-shelled 161 Apple: dry fruit having a more or less distinct hull or This subclass is indented under subclass 156. (b) is an “ornamental” variety which may bear Fruit plant which belongs to the genus Malus. no fruit at all and is characterized by attractive foliage or blossoms. 162 Sport of “Gala”: This subclass is indented under subclass 161. 153 Pecan: Apple plant which is a sport derived from the This subclass is indented under subclass 152. tree Gala. Nut plant which belongs to the genus Carya and species illinoinensis. 163 Sport of “Jonagold”: This subclass is indented under subclass 161. 154 Walnut: Apple plant which is a sport derived from the This subclass is indented under subclass 152. tree Jonagold. Nut plant which belongs to the genus Juglans. 164 Sport of “Rome”: 155 Almond: This subclass is indented under subclass 161. This subclass is indented under subclass 152. Apple plant which is a sport derived from the Nut plant which belongs to the genus Prunus tree Rome. and species amygdalus.

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165 Sport of “MacIntosh”: 174 Rootstock: This subclass is indented under subclass 161. This subclass is indented under subclass 161. Apple plant which is a sport derived from the Apple plant which is derived from breeding tree MacIntosh. programs or discoveries and has primary utility for use as a rootstock. 166 Sport of “Jonathan”: This subclass is indented under subclass 161. 175 Columnar habit: Apple plant which is a sport derived from the This subclass is indented under subclass 161. tree Jonathan. Apple plant which essentially bears fruit on or on short spurs off an essentially nonbranching 167 Sport of “Winesap”: main vertical stem. This subclass is indented under subclass 161. Apple plant which is a sport derived from the 176 Pear: tree Winesap. This subclass is indented under subclass 156. Plant which belongs to the genus Pyrus. 168 Sport of “Fuji”: This subclass is indented under subclass 161. 177 Ornamental: Apple plant which is a sport derived from the This subclass is indented under subclass 176. tree Fuji. Pear plant which does not produce marketable fruit and which has attributes of desirable 169 Sport of “Cortland”: shape, canopy density, growth habit, fall color- This subclass is indented under subclass 161. ation, etc., and is marketed as an ornamental Apple plant which is a sport derived from the tree. tree Cortland. 178 Asian: 170 Sport of “Empire”: This subclass is indented under subclass 176. This subclass is indented under subclass 161. Pear plant which produces fruit which is mar- Apple plant which is a sport derived from the keted within the market class Asian pear and tree Empire. which belongs to any of the species of Asian pears. 171 Sport of “Red Delicious”: This subclass is indented under subclass 161. 179 Rootstock: Apple plant which is a sport derived from the This subclass is indented under subclass 176. tree Red Delicious. Pear plant which is derived from breeding programs or discoveries and has primary utility for 172 Green or yellow fruited variety: use as a rootstock. This subclass is indented under subclass 161. Apple plant which bears fruit of yellow or 180 Stone fruit tree: green predominant coloration. This subclass is indented under subclass 156. Fruit plant which belongs to the genus Prunus 173 Crabapple: and which may have within its genetic back- This subclass is indented under subclass 161. ground more than one species within the genus. Apple plant which is particularly noted for its ornamental shape, ultimate size, ornamental (1) Note. Interspecific hybrids of stone fruits flowering habit, or any combination of such are proper for this subclass (e.g., plum- characteristics, and which would be marketed cots, etc.). as or labelled, in the market place, with the generic identifier “crabapple”. 181 Cherry: This subclass is indented under subclass 180. (1) Note. Fruit of the crabapple is of reduced Stone fruit plant which belongs to the genus size, has mealy flesh, and is not normally Prunus and is marketed as a “cherry”. marketable.

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having a smooth (absent fuzz or pubescence) (1) Note. The cherries may be further char- skin covering the flesh of the fruit. acterized as “Bird”, “Pin”, “Wild”, “Flowering”, Duke, Mahaleb, Saint 188 White-fleshed clingstone, semi-clingstone, or Luci, Manchu, Nanking , “Sour”, “Pie”, semi-freestone: “Sweet’, Bing, Mazzard, Western This subclass is indented under subclass 187. Plum, etc. Nectarine plant which bears fruit having flesh of predominantly white coloration and wherein 182 Ornamental: the flesh once ripe is tenaciously adhered over This subclass is indented under subclass 181. substantially the entire surface of the stone. Cherry plant which is used for ornamentation in landscape planting and which does not bear (1) Note. Fruit which is described as “semi- marketable fruit. clingstone” or “semi-freestone’ is classified as “clingstone”. 183 Rootstock: This subclass is indented under subclass 181. (2) Note. Included in this subclass is fruit Cherry plant which is used as an understock for with predominantly white flesh but hav- ornamental and fruit-bearing cherry trees. ing flecks of another color or with red stone well color. 184 Plum: This subclass is indented under subclass 180. 189 White fleshed freestone: Fruit plant which belongs to the genus Prunus This subclass is indented under subclass 187. and is marketed as a “plum”. Nectarine plant which bears fruit having flesh of predominantly white coloration and wherein (1) Note. The plums are further character- the flesh once ripe readily separates from the ized as Beach, Big tree, Bullace, Dam- stone leaving the stone substantially free of son, Canada, Chicksaw, Mountain flesh. Cherry, Common, Hortulan, Hybrid, Japanese, Myrobalan or Cherry plum, (1) Note. Included in this subclass is fruit Oklahoma, Pacific, Simon, Apricot, with predominantly white flesh but hav- Wild Goose, etc. ing flecks of another color or with red stone well color. 185 Prune: This subclass is indented under subclass 184. 190 Yellow-fleshed clingstone, semi-clingstone, Plum plant which belongs to the genus Prunus or semi-freestone: and is a member of a group which may be suc- This subclass is indented under subclass 187. cessfully sun dried without removal of pits and Nectarine plant which bears fruit having flesh marketed as a “prune”. of predominantly yellow coloration and wherein the flesh once ripe is tenaciously 186 Apricot: adhered over substantially the entire surface of This subclass is indented under subclass 180. the stone. Fruit plant which belongs to the genus Prunus and is marketed as an “apricot”. (1) Note. For examples, see U.S. plant patent Nos. 759, 1324, and 1545. (1) Note. Apricots found in this subclass include those of the species sibirica, (2) Note. Included in this subclass is fruit armeniaca, mume, and dasycarpa, or with flesh which is predominantly yel- hybrids having one of the subject species low but may contain flecks of color other as the seed parent. than yellow and red stone well color.

187 Nectarine: (3) Note. Fruit which is described as “semi- This subclass is indented under subclass 180. clingstone” or “semi-freestone” is classi- Fruit plant which belongs to the genus Prunus, fied as “clingstone”. and species persica which is characterized by

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191 Dwarf or semi-dwarf: 196 White-fleshed freestone: This subclass is indented under subclass 190. This subclass is indented under subclass 194. Yellow-fleshed clingstone nectarine plant Peach plant which bears fruit having flesh of wherein the tree is characterized as forming predominantly white coloration and wherein internodes of not more than one-quarter inch in the flesh once ripe readily separates from the length, and wherein the tree does not exceed a stone leaving the stone substantially free of height of seven feet in its lifetime. flesh.

192 Yellow-fleshed freestone: (1) Note. Included in this subclass is fruit This subclass is indented under subclass 187. with predominantly white flesh but hav- Nectarine plant which bears fruit having flesh ing flecks of another color or with red of predominantly yellow coloration and stone well color. wherein the flesh once ripe readily separates from the stone leaving the stone substantially 197 Yellow-fleshed clingstone, semi-clingstone, free of flesh. or semi-freestone: This subclass is indented under subclass 194. (1) Note. Included in this subclass is fruit Peach plant which bears fruit having flesh of with yellow flesh having flecks other predominantly yellow coloration wherein the than yellow and red stone well color. flesh once ripe is tenaciously adhered to the stone. 193 Dwarf or semi-dwarf: This subclass is indented under subclass 192. (1) Note. Fruit which is described as “semi- Yellow-fleshed freestone nectarine plant clingstone” or “semi-freestone” is clas- wherein the tree is characterized as forming sified as “clingstone”. internodes which do not exceed one-quarter inch in length, and wherein the height of the (2) Note. Included in this subclass is fruit tree does not exceed seven feet in its lifetime. with predominantly yellow flesh but having flecks other than yellow. 194 Peach: This subclass is indented under subclass 180. 198 Yellow-fleshed freestone: Fruit plant which belongs to the genus Prunus This subclass is indented under subclass 194. and species persica, which is characterized by Peach plant which bears fruit having flesh of production of fruit which has skin covered by a predominantly yellow coloration wherein the layer of fuzz, hairs, pubescence, or tomentum. flesh once ripe easily separates from the stone leaving the stone substantially free of flesh. 195 White-fleshed clingstone, semi-clingstone, or semi-freestone: (1) Note. Included in this subclass is fruit This subclass is indented under subclass 194. having predominantly yellow flesh but Peach plant which bears fruit having flesh of with flecks other than yellow. predominantly white coloration and wherein the flesh once ripe is tenaciously adhered over 199 Dwarf or semi-dwarf: substantially the entire surface of the stone. This subclass is indented under subclass 198. Yellow-fleshed freestone peach plant wherein (1) Note. Fruit which is described as “semi- the tree is characterized as forming internodes clingstone” or “semi-freestone” is classi- of not more than one-quarter inch in length, fied as “clingstone”. and wherein the height of the tree does not exceed seven feet in its lifetime. (2) Note. Included in this subclass is fruit with predominantly white flesh but hav- 200 Avocado: ing flecks of another color or with red This subclass is indented under subclass 156. stone well color. Fruit plant which belongs to the genus Persea and species americana.

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201 Citrus: 208 Strawberry: This subclass is indented under subclass 156. This subclass is indented under subclass 156. Fruit plant which belongs to the genus Citrus Fruit plant which belongs to the genus having spritely tasting, segmented fruit cov- Fragaria. ered by a rind of acidic, oily character. 209 Everbearing: 202 Orange: This subclass is indented under subclass 208. This subclass is indented under subclass 201. Strawberry plant which has been developed to Citrus plant which belongs to the market class have an extended, lengthy harvest season; this orange. plant is remontant in blooming and fruit setting habit and fails to ripen all fruit produced in one 203 Bramble: abbreviated season. This subclass is indented under subclass 156. Fruit plant which belongs to the genus Rubus 210 Pomegranate: normally characterized as “berry bushes” or This subclass is indented under subclass 156. “berry vines”. Fruit plant which is a subtropical ornamental or a fruiting shrub which belongs to the genus 204 Raspberry: Punica and species granatum L., and is charac- This subclass is indented under subclass 203. terized by fruit which are large, globose ber- Bramble plant known as a raspberry which ries, filled with sections of angular, hard seeds bears fruit wherein the primary stem of the which are covered by juicy, red, pink, or yel- berry may be readily removed without disasso- low astringent acid pulp. ciating the druplets as a bunch. 211 Ficus: (1) Note. Members of this subclass may be This subclass is indented under subclass 156. commonly known as Black, Blackcap, Fruit plant which belongs to the genus Ficus European red, American, and Purple which includes both fruit-bearing and orna- cane raspberries. mental members.

(2) Note. Members of this subclass may be (1) Note. Included in this subclass are the hybrids of species including idaeus, stri- commercial groups of edible and orna- gosus, noglectus, and occidentalis. mental figs and rubber plants. These plants may take the form of trees, shrubs, 205 Grape: or vines. They may or may not form edi- This subclass is indented under subclass 156. ble fruit. They are generally character- Fruit plant which belongs to the genus Vitus. ized as enduring, abuse tolerant, attractive indoor plants with glabrous 206 New World: leaf top surfaces of bright green; silvery This subclass is indented under subclass 205. to grayed-green bottom leaf surfaces, Grape plant which belongs to the American commonly having smooth color con- species (e.g., lubruska, rotundifolia, etc.) and trasting bark. is characterized notably by longevity, disease resistance, high vigor, small bunches of berries, 212 Flowering quince: and berries having a strong, musky aroma, and This subclass is indented under subclass 156. large seeds. Fruit plant which belongs to the genus Cydoria.

207 Green or yellow: (1) Note. Species may variously be pre- This subclass is indented under subclass 205. sented as oblonga Mill and vulgaris Grape plant which bears fruit having green or Pers., or plants may alternatively be yellow coloration of flesh, juice, and skin. defined as members of Pyrus cydonia L.

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213 CONIFER: 222 Linden: This subclass is indented under the class defini- This subclass is indented under subclass 216. tion. Plant which is cone bearing, woody, with Tree which belongs to the family Tiliaceae. needlelike or scalelike leaves and aromatic resin ducts, and is usually evergreen and native (1) Note. Trees of this subclass are com- to the temperate regions. monly called Basswood trees and are usually in the genus Tilia L. 214 Juniper: This subclass is indented under subclass 213. 223 Magnolia: Conifer which belongs to the genus Juniperus. This subclass is indented under subclass 216. Tree which belongs to the family Magnoli- 215 Yew: aceae. This subclass is indented under subclass 213. Conifer which belongs to the genus Taxus. (1) Note. Plants classified in this subclass are usually in the genus Magnolia L. 216 BROADLEAF TREE: This subclass is indented under the class defini- 224 Maple: tion. Plant which is woody, broad leaved, gen- This subclass is indented under subclass 216. erally unbranched near the base, having one Tree which belongs to the family Aceraceae. distinct or rarely several distinct trunks which attain a height greater than about 10 feet. (1) Note. Boxelder is proper for this subclass. (1) Note. Beech ( Fagus) trees are proper for this subclass. (2) Note. The genus for the maple is Acer.

SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 225 Oak: CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 216. 247, for holly plants ( Ilex). Tree which belongs to the genus Quercus.

217 Honey locust: (1) Note. Genus Quercus is part of the This subclass is indented under subclass 216. Beech ( Fagaceae) family. Tree which belongs to the genus Gleditsia L. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 218 Poplar: CLASS: This subclass is indented under subclass 216. 216, for Beech ( Fagus L) trees. Tree which belongs to the genus Populus L. 226 SHRUB OR VINE: 219 Ash: This subclass is indented under the class defini- This subclass is indented under subclass 216. tion. Plant which is woody, broad leaved, Tree which belongs to the genus Fraxinus. branched at or near the base, of shrubby or vining habit, and which may attain a height of 220 Dogwood: about 15 feet. This subclass is indented under subclass 216. Tree which belongs to the family Cornaceae. 227 Lantana: This subclass is indented under subclass 226. 221 Elm: Plant which belongs to the genus Lantana. This subclass is indented under subclass 216. Tree which belongs to the family Ulmaceae. 228 Clematis: This subclass is indented under subclass 226. (1) Note. Plants classified in this subclass Plant which belongs to the genus Clematis. are usually in the genus Ulmus L.

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229 Chamaelaucium: 238 Azalea or rhododendron: This subclass is indented under subclass 226. This subclass is indented under subclass 226. Plant which belongs to the genus Chamae- Plant which belongs to the genus Rhododen- laucium. dron.

230 Forsythia: 239 Light to medium pink: This subclass is indented under subclass 226. This subclass is indented under subclass 238. Plant which belongs to the genus Forsythia. Plant characterized by blooms which range from a light to a medium shade of pink (a color 231 Heather: varying from reddish blue-red to yellowish red, This subclass is indented under subclass 226. from low to medium saturation, and from high Plant which is marketed as heath or heather . to very high brilliance), as typified by U.S. plant patent Nos. 681, 1706, and 2122. (1) Note. Examples of plants which may be found in this subclass are those belong- 240 Dark pink to red: ing to Chalone vulgaris, Erica perso- This subclass is indented under subclass 238. luta, or any other species within Plant characterized by blooms which range in Chalone and Erica. color from a dark shade of pink (a color varying from reddish blue-red to yellowish red, 232 Mandevilla (Dipladenia): from low to medium saturation, and from high This subclass is indented under subclass 226. to very high brilliance), as typified by U.S. Plant which belongs to the genus Mandevilla plant patent Nos. 1394, 1484, and 1983, to red and may be marketed under the alternate name (a color ranging from that of blood to that of a Dipladenia. ruby), as typified by U.S. plant patent Nos. 1283, 1717, and 2021. 233 Oleander: This subclass is indented under subclass 226. 241 Barberry: Plant which belongs to the genus Nerium. This subclass is indented under subclass 226. Plant which belongs to the genus Berberis. 234 Pittosporum: This subclass is indented under subclass 226. 242 Buddleia: Plant which belongs to the genus Pittosporum. This subclass is indented under subclass 226. Plant which belongs to the genus Buddleia. 235 Nandina: This subclass is indented under subclass 226. (1) Note. Plants of this subclass may also be Plant which belongs to the genus Nandina. identified by the common names Butter- fly Bush and Summer Lilac. 236 Hop: This subclass is indented under subclass 226. 243 Camellia: Plant which belongs to the genus Humulus and This subclass is indented under subclass 226. the species lupulus. Plant which belongs to the genus Camellia.

(1) Note. The harvest cones of the hops vine 244 Light to medium pink: are used in the flavoring of beers, stouts, This subclass is indented under subclass 243. and ales. Plant characterized by blooms which range from a light to a medium shade of pink (a color 237 Potentilla: varying from reddish blue-red to yellowish red, This subclass is indented under subclass 226. from low to medium saturation, and from high Plant which belongs to the genus Potentilla. to very high brilliance), as typified by U.S. plant patent Nos. 907, 1800, and 1988.

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245 Dark pink to red: (1) Note. Plants of this subclass will com- This subclass is indented under subclass 243. monly be referred to as Firethorn. Plant characterized by blooms which range in color from a dark shade of pink (a color vary- 254 Rhaphiolepis: ing from reddish blue-red to yellowish red, This subclass is indented under subclass 226. from low to medium saturation, and from high Plant which belongs to the genus Rhaphiole- to very high brilliance), as typified by U.S. pis. plant patent Nos. 1074, 1107, and 1215, to red (a color ranging from that of blood to that of a 255 Gardenia: ruby), as typified by U.S. plant patent Nos. This subclass is indented under subclass 226. 589, 927, and 1583. Plant which belongs to the genus Gardenia.

246 Euonymus: 256 Bougainvillea: This subclass is indented under subclass 226. This subclass is indented under subclass 226. Plant which belongs to the genus Euonymus. Plant which belongs to the genus Bougainvil- lea. 247 Holly: This subclass is indented under subclass 226. 257 Hibiscus: Plant which belongs to the genus Ilex. This subclass is indented under subclass 226. Plant which belongs to the genus Hibiscus. 248 Lilac: This subclass is indented under subclass 226. 258 COMMERCIAL HERBACEOUS VEGE- Plant which belongs to the genus Syringa. TABLE OR HERB PLANT: This subclass is indented under the class defini- (1) Note. Tree lilacs are properly classified tion. Plant which is in the market class of veg- in this subclass. etable plant or herb plant.

249 English ivy (i.e., Hedera helix variety): (1) Note. These plants or their extracts may This subclass is indented under subclass 226. be used as food, medicines, for cosmetic Plant which belongs to the genus Hedera and purposes, etc. species helix. 259 Mint: 250 Hydrangea: This subclass is indented under subclass 258. This subclass is indented under subclass 226. Plant which belongs to the genus Mentha. Plant which belongs to the genus Hydrangea. 260 Asparagus: 251 Veronica: This subclass is indented under subclass 258. This subclass is indented under subclass 226. Plant which belongs to the genus Asparagus. Plant which belongs to the genus Veronica. (1) Note. The asparagus is dioecious, hav- (1) Note. Plants proper for this subclass are ing an extensive system of storage and commercially recognized as Hebe or feeder roots, a spear producing crown, Hebe buxifolia. and spears maturing into brush, fern-like stalks generally resembling a tree in 252 Crape myrtle: branching habit, ranging between 4 to 12 This subclass is indented under subclass 226. feet in height, having cladodes in lieu of Plant which belongs to the genus Lagerstro- true leaves. emia. (2) Note. Most activity in this subclass will 253 Pyracantha: be limited to commercial varieties of A. This subclass is indented under subclass 226. officinalis. Plant which belongs to the genus Pyracantha.

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261 Tomato: 269 Single color with double or semi-double This subclass is indented under subclass 258. flower: Plant which belongs to the genus and species This subclass is indented under subclass 264. Lycopersicon esculentum. Violet which has a petal coloration which is essentially monochromatic and wherein the 262 Rhubarb: flowers have more than one single layer of pet- This subclass is indented under subclass 258. als, as typified by U.S. plant patent Nos. 4303, Plant which belongs to the genus Rheum ( R. x 5024, and 7331. cultorum). 270 Multicolor: 263.1 HERBACEOUS ORNAMENTAL FLOW- This subclass is indented under subclass 264. ERING PLANT (NICOTINIA, NASTUR- Violet which has petals which are bicolored or TIUM, ETC.): which have blushes, patches, spots, or other This subclass is indented under the class defini- patterns of multiple colors, as typified by U.S. tion. Plant which is herbaceous and principally plant patent Nos. 3146, 5292, and 6525. characterized by and grown for its attractive blossoms. (1) Note. Purple or blue violets which also have a white marginal band are not (1) Note. Annuals, biennials, perennials, and included in this subclass. flowering house plants are proper for this subclass if not provided for specifi- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- cally elsewhere (e.g., nicotinia, nastur- CLASS: tium, etc.). 268, for purple or blue violets which also have a white marginal band. 264 African violet: This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. 271 With double or semi-double flower: Plant which belongs to the genus Saintpaulia. This subclass is indented under subclass 270. Multicolor violet which has more than one sin- 265 White: gle layer of petals, as typified by U.S. plant This subclass is indented under subclass 264. patent Nos. 4308, 7323, and 8136. Violet which has white petal color, as typified by U.S. plant patent Nos. 4777, 5190, and 272 Carnation or pink: 7685. This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. Plant which belongs to the genus Dianthus. 266 Pink: This subclass is indented under subclass 264. 273 Spray type: Violet which has pink petal color, as typified This subclass is indented under subclass 272. by U.S. plant patent Nos. 5016, 5494, and Carnation or pink which by their genetic 7261. makeup express lateral flowerbuds with a terminal (primary) flower bud which render a 267 Red-purple: spray of flowers on a single stem. This subclass is indented under subclass 264. Violet which has red-purple petal color, as typ- 274 White: ified by U.S. plant patent Nos. 7824, 7704, and This subclass is indented under subclass 273. 7028. Spray type carnation or pink characterized by blooms which are white, as typified by U.S. 268 Purple or blue with white edge: plant patent Nos. 4099, 6571, and 6600. This subclass is indented under subclass 264. Violet which is purple or blue but also has a 275 Yellow: petal edge band or margin colored white, as This subclass is indented under subclass 273. typified by U.S. plant patent Nos. 1077, 4972, Spray type carnation or pink characterized by and 5701. blooms which are yellow, as typified by U.S. plant patent Nos. 3663, 5290, and 6273.

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low to medium saturation and from high to 276 Light to medium pink: very high brilliance), as typified by U.S. plant This subclass is indented under subclass 273. patent Nos. 133, 319, and 2034. Spray type carnation or pink characterized by blooms which range from a light to a medium 283 Red: shade of pink (a color varying from reddish This subclass is indented under subclass 272. blue-red to yellowish red, from low to medium Carnation or pink characterized by blooms saturation, and from high to very high bril- which are red (a color ranging from that of liance), as typified by U.S. plant patent Nos. blood to that of a ruby), as typified by U.S. 747, 5511, and 6663. plant patent Nos. 148, 372, and 533.

277 Dark pink: 284 Chrysanthemum (e.g., Chrysanthemum This subclass is indented under subclass 273. indicum, etc.): Spray type carnation or pink characterized by This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. blooms which are a dark shade of pink (a color Plant which belongs to the genus Chrysanthe- varying from reddish blue-red to yellowish red, mum or the genus Dendranthema (e.g., Chry- from low to medium saturation, and from high santhemum indicum, etc.). to very high brilliance), as typified by U.S. plant patent Nos. 3391, 5574, and 5793. (1) Note. Proper for this subclass are chrysanthemums, chrysanths, or mums 278 Red: which are other than Chrysanthemum This subclass is indented under subclass 273. morifolium, Dendranthema grandi- Spray type carnation or pink characterized by flora, Chrysanthemum hortorum, or blooms which are red (a color ranging from shasta daisy. The chrysanthemums that of blood to that of a ruby), as typified by proper for this subclass may be decora- U.S. plant patent Nos. 5517, 6554, and 6626. tive, single (daisy), semi-double, anemone, etc. in type. 279 White: This subclass is indented under subclass 272. 285 Shasta daisy: Carnation or pink characterized by blooms This subclass is indented under subclass 284. which are white, as typified by U.S. plant Plant which is a shasta daisy (i.e., C. maxi- patent Nos. 3437, 6417, and 6442. mum, Leucanthemum X superbum, C. leucanthemum X C. maximum). 280 Yellow: This subclass is indented under subclass 272. 286 Chrysanthemum morifolium or Dendran- Carnation or pink characterized by blooms thema grandiflora (i.e., Chrysanthemum which are yellow, as typified by U.S. plant hortorum): patent Nos. 3341, 5526, and 6447. This subclass is indented under subclass 284. Chrysanthemum which belongs to Chrysan- 281 Light to medium pink: themum morifolium, Dendranthema grandi- This subclass is indented under subclass 272. flora, or Chrysanthemum hortorum. Carnation or pink characterized by blooms which range from a light to a medium shade of (1) Note. This and indented subclasses pink (a color varying from reddish blue-red to include the genera and species C. mori- yellowish red, from low to medium saturation folium, D. grandiflora, and C. hortorum and from high to very high brilliance), as typi- which may or may not be decorative fied by U.S. plant patent Nos. 499, 750, and (e.g., single, daisy, anemone, etc.). 767. (2) Note. This subclass is proper for the 282 Dark pink: nondecorative mums which are not spe- This subclass is indented under subclass 272. cifically provided for below. This sub- Carnation or pink characterized by blooms class includes chrysanthemums having which are a dark shade of pink (a color varying five or fewer rows of ray florets such as from reddish blue-red to yellowish red, from the singles and anemones, and also the

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semi-doubles in which the ray florets are medium to high), as typified by U.S. plant arranged in more than five rows but patent Nos. 1697, 1956, and 2029. whose discs are clearly evident as daisy- like eyes. 291 Light to medium pink: This subclass is indented under subclass 287. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB - Decorative chrysanthemum characterized by CLASS: blooms which range from a light to a medium 287+, for Chrysanthemum morifolium, shade of pink (a color varying from reddish Dendranthema grandiflora, or Chry- blue-red to yellowish red, from low to very santhemum hortorum decorative high brilliance), as typified by U.S. plant patent chrysanthemums. Nos. 1020, 1168, and 1306. 294+, for Chrysanthemum morifolium, Dendranthema grandiflora, or Chry- 292 Dark pink: santhemum hortorum nondecorative This subclass is indented under subclass 287. (e.g., single, daisy, anemone, etc.) Decorative chrysanthemum characterized by chrysanthemums of a color specified blooms which are a dark shade of pink (a color in the subclass titles. varying from reddish blue-red to yellowish red, from low to medium saturation, and from high 287 Decorative (i.e., double-flowered and indis- to very high brilliance), as typified by U.S. tinct eye of disc floret): plant patent Nos. 1132, 1310, and 1824. This subclass is indented under subclass 286. Chrysanthemum characterized as having more 293 Red: than five rows of ray florets and an indistinct This subclass is indented under subclass 287. eye of disc florets. Decorative chrysanthemum characterized by blooms which are red (a color ranging from (1) Note. Decorative mums may be seen in that of blood to that of a ruby), as typified by various forms such as incurves, decora- U.S. plant patent Nos. 1165, 1877, and 1889. tives, pompoms, spiders, threads, and quills. 294 White or cream: This subclass is indented under subclass 286. 288 White: Chrysanthemum characterized by blooms This subclass is indented under subclass 287. which are white or cream as typified by U.S. Decorative chrysanthemum characterized by plant patent Nos. 5475 and 3499. blooms which are white (a color comparable to fresh snow; a neutral or achromatic color of 295 Yellow or gold: highest brilliance; the lightest gray), as typified This subclass is indented under subclass 286. by U.S. plant patent Nos. 1171, 2005, and Chrysanthemum characterized by blooms 2025. which are yellow or gold as typified by U.S. plant patent Nos. 4529 and 3189. 289 Yellow: This subclass is indented under subclass 287. 296 Orange or bronze: Decorative chrysanthemum characterized by This subclass is indented under subclass 286. blooms which are yellow (a color which resem- Chrysanthemum characterized by blooms bles the hue of ripe lemons or the color of sul- which are orange or bronze as typified by U.S. phur), as typified by U.S.plant patent Nos. plant patent Nos. 2019 and 3445. 1348, 1547, and 1676. 297 Pink: 290 Orange: This subclass is indented under subclass 286. This subclass is indented under subclass 287. Chrysanthemum characterized by blooms Decorative chrysanthemum characterized by which are pink as typified by U.S. plant patent blooms which are orange (a color varying from Nos. 5815 and 1957. reddish red-yellow to red-yellow, in saturation from high to very high, and in brilliance from

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298 Red: 304 White or cream: This subclass is indented under subclass 286. This subclass is indented under subclass 303. Chrysanthemum characterized by blooms Poinsettia plant characterized by blooms which which are red as typified by U.S. plant patent are white as typified by U.S. plant patent Nos. Nos. 3446 and 5414. 1802 and 2731.

299 Freesia: 305 Yellow: This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. This subclass is indented under subclass 303. Plant which belongs to the genus Freesia. Poinsettia plant characterized by blooms which are substantially of a yellowish hue, as typified (1) Note. Freesias are part of the Iris family. by U.S. plant patent No. 7229. They are grown from corms and have fragrant, flaring, tubular flowers in a 306 Pink: one-sided cluster at right angles to the This subclass is indented under subclass 303. stem and to the tall erect leaves. Poinsettia plant characterized by blooms which are pink as typified by U.S. plant patent Nos. 300 Fuchsia: 2501 and 3735. This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. Plant characterized as a chiefly tropical plant 307 Red: belonging to the genus Fuchsia and having This subclass is indented under subclass 303. drooping purplish, white, or reddish flowers. Poinsettia plant characterized by blooms which are red as typified by U.S. plant patent Nos. (1) Note. Fuchsias are part of the Evening 4310 and 6104. Primrose family. They have simple, usually opposite leaves and spectacular 308 Verbena: blossoms arising from the leaf axils on This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. new growth. Plant which belongs to the genus Verbena and is characterized by their low habit, palmately 301 Gladiolus: divided or lobed, hairy leaves, delicate, color- This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. ful blossom clusters and drought tolerance. Plant which belongs to the genus Gladiolus and which have sword-shaped leaves of parallel 309 Alstroemeria: venation, and a long showy flower spike which This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. progressively opens flowers from the basal Plant which belongs to the genus Alstroemeria. portion. (1) Note. Genus Alstroemeria may include 302 Euphorbia: any of about 50 species of plants which This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. are characterized as being forced from Plant which belongs to the genus Euphorbia. tuberous roots, forming a conspicuous tender crown, with flowering stems to 2 (1) Note. Euphorbia is also commonly feet tall and more, and producing 9 to 12 known as a member of the Spurge family flowers of funnel shape which are com- which includes Flowering Spurge, posed of 6 segments formed in 2 circles Snow-on-the-Mountain, Fire Glow, etc. with the inner circle being distinct. Flowers may be spotted and multicol- 303 Poinsettia: ored. This subclass is indented under subclass 302. Euphorbia plant which belongs to the genus (2) Note. The plants within this subclass are Euphorbia and species pulcherrima having part of the Amaryllis family and may large showy bracts under small flowers. also be identified as “Inca lily” or “Peru- vian lily”.

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310 Iris: (2) Note. More than 80 species and inter- This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. specific hybrids of lilies are included in Plant which belongs to the genus Iris. this subclass.

(1) Note. These plants which are part of the 314 Asiatic: family Iridaceae are characterized as This subclass is indented under subclass 313. being rhizomatous or bulbous, having Lily which belongs to the market class Asiatic sword-like, stiff, blue-green to green hybrid lily. leaves of parallel venation; colorful, multiflowered spikes, with flowers (1) Note. Asiatic lilies are characterized by emerging from sheathing scales on the the presence of a nectary structure at the scape. The flowers have three outer base of each of the tepals and the (fall) reflexed petals which may be absence of pilose projections on the out- bearded basally and three inner (erect) facing surfaces of the tepals. standard segments. 315 Oriental: 311 Orchid: This subclass is indented under subclass 313. This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. Lily which belongs to the market class Oriental Plant which belongs to the family Orchidaceae. hybrid lily.

(1) Note. These plants are characterized as (1) Note. Oriental lilies are characterized by having sympodial or monopodial the absence of a nectary structure at the growth, pseudobulbs, leaves of parallel base of each of the tepals and the pres- venation, and flowers which are termi- ence of pilose projections on the out-fac- nal, and which are normally composed ing surfaces of the tepals. of three sepals, two upper and one lower bearded petal centering a column. 316 Peony: This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. (2) Note. While this family contains over Plant which belongs to the genus Paeonia, hav- 50,000 members of a myriad of descrip- ing flowers which are large, showy, usually tions, predominant commercial species solitary, and terminal of varied coloration (e.g., will be limited to Cattleya, Vanda, and pink, white, cream, red, etc.). Cymbidium. This subclass is intended to comprehend all plants which are to be 317 Impatiens: commercially marketed as “Orchid” This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. plants by art recognition. Plant which belongs to the genus Impatiens.

312 Daylily: (1) Note. Impatiens are tender, succulent, This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. having foliage in colors from green to Plant which belongs to the genus Hemerocallis. multi-color variations, and single or double spurred flowers of shades in white, 313 Lily: pink, orange, and red, and which form This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. seed pods which forcibly dehisce seeds Plant which belongs to the genus Lilium. on maturity.

(1) Note. These plants are characterized as 318.1 New Guinea (e.g., bicolor, multicolor, etc.): emerging from scaled bulbs, lance-like This subclass is indented under subclass 317. leaves, and funnel to bell-shaped flowers Impatiens plants which belong to the species I. with six spreading or recurving seg- hawkeri. ments, with plural, long-lasting flowers opening progressively on individual (1) Note. New Guinea impatiens included in stems spaced along or radiating from the this subclass may have petals which are top portion of the main stem. bicolored or characterized by blooms

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exhibiting a splashing, speckling, dot- ranges of purple, red-purple, or lavender, as ting, spotting, flecking, marbling color, typified by U.S. plant patent Nos. 13224, or variegation of two or more distinct 12561, 14023, 13713, 13840, 12545, 13096, colors, or other patterns of multiple col- 12093, 14203, 11370, 10860, 10432, 13839, ors on the petals as typified by U.S. plant and 13712. patent Nos. 8937, 8904, 13699, 10255, 13009, and 13704. 318.7 Red: This subclass is indented under subclass 318.1. 318.2 White: New Guinea impatiens which have a petal This subclass is indented under subclass 318.1. color which is red (a color ranging from that of New Guinea impatiens which are characterized blood to that of a ruby), as typified by U.S. by blooms which are white (a color comparable plant patent Nos. 12096, 14000, 11427, 13926, to fresh snow; a neutral or achromatic color of 12096, 8111, 8397, and 10237. highest brilliance; the lightest gray), as typified by U.S. plant patent Nos. 13001, 13373, 8422, 319 Double flowered: 9138, 11581, and 14170. This subclass is indented under subclass 318.1. New guinea impatiens which have more than 318.3 Orange, orange-red, or salmon: one single row of petals. This subclass is indented under subclass 318.1. New Guinea impatiens which are characterized 320 Phlox: by blooms which are orange (a color varying This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. from reddish red-yellow to red-yellow, in satu- Plant which belongs to the genus Phlox and ration from high to very high, and in brilliance which is characterized by having lance-shaped from medium to high) or salmon (a color which leaves and flower clusters which may be white, is reddish red-yellow, of medium saturation pink, purple, etc. and high brilliance), as typified by U.S. plant patent Nos. 13700, 13468, 9144, 12695, and 321 Dahlia: 10870. This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. Plant which belongs to the genus Dahlia and 318.4 Light to medium pink: which is a tender, foliaceous plant character- This subclass is indented under subclass 318.1. ized by having tuberous roots and large, color- New Guinea impatiens which are characterized ful flowers. by blooms which range from a light to a medium shade of pink (a color varying from (1) Note. Flowers of plants of this subclass reddish blue-red to yellowish red, from low to may be of a myriad of colors and shades, medium saturation, and from high to very high single, semi-double, or fully double. brilliance), as typified by U.S. plant patent Plant height may range from several Nos. 12095, 12091, 13043, 12567, 13812, inches to several feet. Foliage may be 13579, 13697, and 9668. green or purple.

318.5 Dark pink: 322 Snapdragon: This subclass is indented under subclass 318.1. This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. New Guinea impatiens which are characterized Plant which belongs to the genus Antirrhinum. by blooms which are a dark shade of pink (a color varying from reddish blue-red to yellow- (1) Note. These plants are characterized by ish red, from low to medium saturation, and having a plurality of individual progres- from high to very high brilliance), as typified sively opening flowers on a spike which by U.S. plant patent Nos. 13714, 12234, 8409, bear an imagined resemblance to the 13581, and 13711. mouth of a dragon; flowers are showy, two-lipped, variously colored, and 318.6 Red-purple, purple, or lavender: bloom for long periods. This subclass is indented under subclass 318.1. New Guinea impatiens which have a petal color which is essentially within the color

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323. Viola: 327 Peach, salmon, or orange: This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Plant which belongs to the genus Viola. Zonal geranium plant which has a petal color which is essentially within the color ranges of (1) Note. These plants bear flowers which peach, salmon, and orange, as typified by U.S. resemble those of violets, having five plant patent Nos. 7936, 8285, and 9773. petals, the lower three normally or occasionally being distinctly rayed, and 328 Pink: mature flowers normally flat when fully This subclass is indented under subclass 325. expanded; flowers are rich and wide in Zonal geranium plant which has an essentially color variation, but flowers may be pink petal color, as typified by U.S. plant monochromatic. patent Nos. 4215, 6708, and 9572.

(2) Note. The genus Viola includes both the 329 Purple, red-purple, or lavender: pansy and the violet. This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Zonal geranium plant which has a petal color 324 Geranium: which is essentially within the color ranges of This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. purple, red-purple, or lavender, as typified by Plant which belongs to the genera Pelargonium U.S. plant patent Nos. 2868, 7083, and 9307. or Geranium. 330 Red: (1) Note. The genus Pelargonium includes This subclass is indented under subclass 325. the common garden geranium while the Zonal geranium plant which has an essentially members of the genus Geranium are red petal color, as typified by U.S. plant patent commonly known as Cranesbills. Nos. 9551, 9747, and 9774.

(2) Note. These plants have divided to 331 Regal or Martha Washington: rounded leaves which are frequently col- This subclass is indented under subclass 324. orfully rayed, normally characteristically Geranium plant which belongs to Pelargonium scented, and which bear large clusters of X domesticum. flowers on short flower stems carried by a primary stem to reside atop the foliage; (1) Note. Martha Washington geraniums are numerous, showy flowers of normally also known as Summer Azaleas. the same color and shade are open at once to give the appearance of a ball; 332 Ivy leaf: and flower colors are normally in shades This subclass is indented under subclass 324. of red, pink, white, etc. Geranium plant which belongs to Pelargonium peltatum and which is commonly known as Ivy 325 Zonal: leaf geranium. This subclass is indented under subclass 324. Geranium plant which belongs to Pelargonium (1) Note. The Ivy leaf geranium is also zonale or Pelargonium X hortorum. called the Hanging geranium.

(1) Note. The Zonal geraniums are also 333 Streptocarpus: known as Fish geraniums. This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. Plant which belongs to the genus Streptocar- 326 White: pus. This subclass is indented under subclass 325. Zonal geranium plant which has a petal color (1) Note. Streptocarpus is characterized by which is essentially white, as typified by U.S. having low growing, deep green, gener- plant patent Nos. 8894, 9796, and 10012. ally flat but rugose leaves of normally accuminate shape, and colorful, deep throated, trumpet-formed normally clus-

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tered, five (fused) petals, on short pedi- cles carried by long, pubescent stems; 339 Pink: and flower colors are in white, shades of This subclass is indented under subclass 335. blue, violet, purple, pink, and red. Kalanchoe having a pink flower color, as typified by U.S. plant patent Nos. 3290, 4343, and 334 Gazania: 5384. This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. Plant which belongs to the genus Gazania. 340 Orange: This subclass is indented under subclass 335. (1) Note. Gazanias are characterized by Kalanchoe having an orange flower color, as being semi-tender, low growing or typified by U.S. plant patent Nos. 5961, 7792, spreading, flowering plants which tend and 8998. to cover the soil when undisturbed; are sun loving and express colorful flowers 341 Red: which normally contain distinctive This subclass is indented under subclass 335. marks on basal portions of ray florets; Kalanchoe having a red flower color, as typi- flowers are normally single to semi-dou- fied by U.S. plant patent Nos. 7524, 7794, and ble, but may be fully double; and foliage 9839. is usually glabrous, but may be pubescent. 342 Aquatic plant: This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. 335 Kalanchoe: Plant which is an herbaceous plant which This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. grows or lives in water. Plant which belongs to the genus Kalanchoe. (1) Note. An example of a plant found in (1) Note. Kalanchoes are characterized as this subclass is a water lily, which is a being day-length responsive, having member of the genus Nymphaea, etc. thick, usually rounded, succulent leaves and large clusters of showy, colorful flo- 343 Begonia: rets which open nearly uniformly, giving This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. the effect of tight masses of color held Plant which belongs to the genus Begonia. closely above foliage; and flower color is in shades of reds, yellows, golds, (1) Note. Included in this subclass are bego- pinks, violets, etc. nias of the commercial house plant type as well as types having conspicuous foli- (2) Note. Some long-stemmed varieties are age and inconspicuous flowering. used as cut flowers. (2) Note. Begonias are tropical and may 336 White: have brightly colored and/or veined This subclass is indented under subclass 335. irregular leaves and waxy appearing sin- Kalanchoe having a white flower color, as typi- gle to fully double inconspicuous or fied by U.S. plant patent Nos. 8343 and 10238. attractive flowers of a variety of soft to vibrant colors. 337 Purple: This subclass is indented under subclass 335. 344 Rieger: Kalanchoe having a purple flower color, as typ- This subclass is indented under subclass 343. ified by U.S. plant patent Nos. 4298, 4306, and Begonia plant which is known and marketed 6878. generally as “tuberous” rather than “fibrous” begonia. 338 Yellow: This subclass is indented under subclass 335. (1) Note. Rieger begonias botanically Kalanchoe having a yellow flower color, as belong to species such as elatior, typified by U.S. plant patent Nos. 3389, 3854, scotrana, tuberhybrida, hiemalis (Fotsch) and 4744. and hybrids involving such species and

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usually have flowers of outstanding size, erect, densely branched, sessile, or and/or number, and/or doubleness and/or branched simple, entire leaves; flowers color, or combinations of two or more. cymose, leafy, forking or solitary, four to five lobed calyx bear corolla which are 345 White: salviform to rotate, tubular-cylindric, This subclass is indented under subclass 344. and having four to five lobes which are Rieger begonia plant having white petal color, ovate to oblong. as typified by U.S. plant patent Nos. 3785, 6216, and 7043. (2) Note. E. affine which is a popular house plant may also be called German violet 346 Yellow: or Persian violet. This subclass is indented under subclass 344. Rieger begonia plant having petal colors in the 352 Bouvardia: yellow range, as typified by U.S. plant patent This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. Nos. 3474, 3750, and 4124. Plant which belongs to the genus Bouvardia.

347 Orange or orange-red: (1) Note. Bouvardia is characterized by This subclass is indented under subclass 344. having ovate or lanceolate to oblong Rieger begonia plant having petal colors in the leaves which are entire to laciniate and orange to orange-red range, as typified by U.S. have stipule sheathing. Flowers in ter- plant patent Nos. 3365, 3868, and 7039. minal cymes or corymbs or solitary. Flower colors in white, yellow, pink, and 348 Pink: red. Calyx tube is globose to companu- This subclass is indented under subclass 344. late, with four lobes of linear shape; the Rieger begonia plant having petal colors in the corolla is tubular to salver shaped with pink range, as typified by U.S. plant patent four lobes. Nos. 5179, 5746, and 6435. 353 Hosta: 349 Red or red-purple: This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. This subclass is indented under subclass 344. Plant which belongs to the genus Hosta. Rieger begonia plant having petal colors in the red to red-purple range, as typified by U.S. (1) Note. Hosta may also be known as Plan- plant patent Nos. 3904, 4210, and 6928. tain lily. It is a member of the Liliaceae family having stolonaceous roots; rosette 350 Achimenes: clump forming; long petioled, entire, This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. generally heart-shaped leaf; and six- Plant which belongs to the genus Achimenes or lobed companulate or funnelform, gener- is marketed as Achimenes. ally inconspicuous flowers on scapes.

(1) Note. Achimenes, also called Hot Water 354 Gypsophila: plant, is characterized as being peren- This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. nial, having scaly, fleshy rhizomes, and Plant which belongs to the genus Gypsophila. simple, toothed leaves which may be fleshy and pubescent. It may have one to (1) Note. Gypsophila are also known as several axil or cyme, a five parted, tubu- Baby’s Breath. lar to salviform corolla, with a three part lower lip and a two part upper lobe. (2) Note. Gypsophila is characterized as an herb of rosette form arising from woody, 351 Exacum: perennial stock, with lanceolate to linear, This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. alternate leaves on bolting stem; flowers Plant which belongs to the genus Exacum. are numerous, tiny, on spreading panicles; and calyx five-parted and five pet- (1) Note. Exacum is characterized as a bien- als. Flowers may be double and are nial or perennial glabrous plant which is usually white or light pastel shades.

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(Royal Horticultural Society) Colour 355 Aster: Chart designations. This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. Plant which belongs to the genus Aster. 356.11 Intergeneric hybrid: This subclass is indented under subclass 356.1. (1) Note. Asters are characterized as herba- Intergeneric petunia hybrid is a plant which is ceous perennials with stalked lower, formed between plants of two different genera, sessile higher leaves; discoid to radiate one of which is of the genus Petunia. capitulums which are solitary to clustered in corymbs; any of a multitude of (1) Note. An intergeneric hybrid is indicated species and cross-species plants within by the symbol X before the genus name, the genus Aster. e.g., PetuniaXCalibrachoa hybrida, etc., as typified by U.S. plant patent nos. 356.1 Petunia: 16063 and 18824. This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. Plant which belongs to the genus Petunia, e.g., 356.12 Double or semi-double: yellow petunias, etc. This subclass is indented under subclass 356.1. Petunia plants characterized by blooms (1) Note. Petunias are characterized as being wherein the flowers have more than one single annual or perennial plants having pubes- layer or more than one row of petals, as typi- cent stems, solitary flowers in upper leaf fied by U.S. plant patent nos. 14324, 14227, axils; having five-lobed calyx and five- 14509, 13534, 14179, 13490, 18364, 14491, lobed salverform to funnel form usually 13489, 13834, 13787, and 14283. equally lobed, complete, ruffled, or crimped corolla of solid colors, mixed or 356.13 Multicolor: varied color patterns of violet, white, This subclass is indented under subclass 356.1. pale yellow, blue, red, or pink. Petunia plants characterized by blooms which are bi-colored on the upper petal surface or (2) Note. Petunia color for classification have more than one color or which have purposes is based on the base or ground blushes, patches, spots, splashing, striping, color of the upper petal surface only of speckling, a marginal band, a petal edge band the “just developed” flower, the young of a distinct color, or other patterns of two or flower or the just opened flower or the more distinct colors on the upper petal surface petunia flower “at opening”. The color as typified by U.S. plant patent nos. 17628, of the lower, reverse, or outer petal sur- 19411, 18219, 16386, 11352, and 16810. face should be disregarded. The color of the venation and the throat color of the (1) Note. For classification purposes, the petunia should also be disregarded for color of the petal venation, the inside classification placement purposes. petal throat color, and the color of the underside, lower, or the outer petal sur- (3) Note. Examples of petunia plants pro- face should be disregarded. Classifica- vided for in this subclass include those tion in this subclass is based on the which have petals which are yellow or presence of more than one distinct color petunias characterized by blossoms on the upper base surface of the petals which are yellow on the upper petal sur- only. face (a color which resembles the hue of ripe lemons or the color of sulfur), as 356.14 Green: typified by U.S. plant patent nos. 20119, This subclass is indented under subclass 356.1. 13968, and 18720. Petunia plants characterized by blooms which are green on the upper petal surface, as typified (4) Note. For several of the indented sub- by U.S. plant patent no. 18590. classes, a petunia is classified according to the color as exemplified by the RHS

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N82, as typified by U.S. plant patent nos. 356.15 White: 10279, 17198, 15310, and 16543. This subclass is indented under subclass 356.1. Petunia plants characterized by blooms which 356.2 Violet as exemplified by RHS groups 83, 84, are white on the upper petal surface (a color 85, 86, 87, N87, 88, or N88: comparable to fresh snow; a neutral or achro- This subclass is indented under subclass 356.1. matic color of highest brilliance; the lightest Petunia plants characterized by a violet colora- gray), as typified by U.S. plant patent nos. tion on the upper petal surface as exemplified 15122, 16392, 18089, and 10953. by RHS groups 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, N87, 88, or N88, as typified by U.S. plant patent nos. 3510, 356.16 Blue or violet-blue: 13543, 15456, 18319, 19001, 19132, and This subclass is indented under subclass 356.1. 20115. Petunia plants characterized by blooms which are blue or violet-blue on the upper petal sur- 356.21 Red-purple as exemplified by RHS groups face as exemplified by RHS groups N89 57 through 73: through 110 as typified by U.S. plant patent This subclass is indented under subclass 356.1. nos. 11006, 19179, and 19219. Petunia plants characterized by a red-purple coloration on the upper petal surface as exem- SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- plified by RHS groups 57 through 73 as typi- CLASS: fied by U.S. plant patent nos. 10355, 12139, 356.21, for petunia plants with a red-purple 14278, 18719, 6899, 9341, 13383, 12805, base petal coloration on the upper 14272, 18497, and 18698. petal surface as exemplified by red- purple RHS groups 57 through 73. SEE OR SEARCH THIS CLASS, SUB- 356.22, for petunia plants with a red-purple CLASS: base petal coloration on the upper 356.16, for petunia plants with a blue or vio- petal surface as exemplified by red- let-blue base petal coloration on the purple RHS groups 74 or N74. upper petal surface as exemplified by blue or violet-blue RHS groups N89 356.17 Light purple as exemplified by RHS groups through 110. 75 or 76: 356.17, for petunia plants with a light purple This subclass is indented under subclass 356.1. base petal coloration on the upper Petunia plants characterized by a light purple petal surface as exemplified by light coloration on the upper petal surface as exem- purple RHS groups 75 or 76. plified by RHS groups 75 or 76 as typified by 356.18, for petunia plants with a purple base U.S. plant patent nos. 8489, 11713, 18624, and petal coloration on the upper petal 18594. surface as exemplified by purple RHS groups 77, N77, 78, N78, 79, or N79. 356.18 Purple as exemplified by RHS groups 77, 356.19, for petunia plants with a purple-violet N77, 78, N78, 79, or N79: base petal coloration on the upper This subclass is indented under subclass 356.1. petal surface as exemplified by pur- Petunia plants characterized by a purple colora- ple-violet RHS groups 80, N80, 81, tion on the upper petal surface as exemplified N81, 82, or N82. by RHS groups 77, N77, 78, N78, 79, or N79 356.2, for petunia plants with a violet base as typified by U.S. plant patent nos. 12141, petal coloration on the upper petal 19216, 18153, 14007, and 18608. surface as exemplified by violet RHS groups 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, N87, 88, or 356.19 Purple-violet as exemplified by RHS groups N88. 80, N80, 81, N81, 82, or N82: This subclass is indented under subclass 356.1. 356.22 Red-purple as exemplified by RHS groups Petunia plants characterized by a purple-violet 74 or N74: coloration on the upper petal surface as exem- This subclass is indented under subclass 356.1. plified by RHS groups 80, N80, 81, N81, 82, or Petunia plants characterized by red-purple coloration on the upper petal surface as exempli-

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fied by RHS groups 74 or N74 as typified by white, variously colored, few to many U.S. plant patent nos. 6915, 9409, 10287, flowers usually in shades of yellow. 13979, and 15342. 360 Osteospermum: 356.23 Red: This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. This subclass is indented under subclass 356.1. Plant which belongs to the genus Osteosper- Petunia plants characterized by red coloration mum. on the upper petal surface as exemplified by RHS groups 36 through 56 as typified by U.S. (1) Note. These plants have alternate, entire, plant patent nos. 10234, 11696, 18804, and toothed pennatifid or pinnatisect foli- 19215. age; radiate capitulum; few to many solitary terminals or may have loose 357 Gerbera: umbellate or corymbose panicles. This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. Plant which belongs to the genus Gerbera. 361 Eryngium: This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. (1) Note. Gerbera is also known as Trans- Plant which belongs to the genus Eryngium. vaal daisy or Barberton daisy. (1) Note. Eryngium plants are commonly (2) Note. Gerberas are characterized as hav- called eryngo or sea holly. ing hairy, basal rosette, entire to dentate or pinnately lobed petiolate leaves (2) Note. These plants are characterized as ascending to spreading to form mounded perennials, flower stem is ascending and specimens; capitulums are radiate, soli- branching, leaves basal, entire to three- tary on long peduncles, densely, doubly pinnatisect, linear-lanceolate to ovate, ray flowered, blending to disc florets of coriaceous, membranous, petillate or same to contrasting coloration. sessile, and sometimes spiny. Flowers are small, packed involucral bracts and 358 Limonium: spiny. This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. Plant which belongs to the genus Limonium. 362 Anigozanthos: This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. (1) Note. Limonium is also known as Plant which belongs to the genus Anigozan- statice, sea lavender, and marsh rose- thos. mary. (1) Note. This plant is also known as Kan- (2) Note. These plants have a simple, entire, garoo Paw, Cat’s Paw, or Australian or pennatifid, basal rosetting or are clus- Sword Lily. tered at axils. The calyx is tubular with a five-lobed tubular corolla connate only (2) Note. This plant is a perennial and is at the base. characterized as having leaves narrow, mostly basal; flowers in one-sided 359 Helichrysum: woolly racemes, hairy inside; and the This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. tube long and flaring, slightly irregular. Plant which belongs to the genus Helichrysum. 363 Scaevola: (1) Note. This plant is also known as the This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. Everlasting flower. Plant which belongs to the genus Scaevola.

(2) Note. Helichrysum is described as capit- (1) Note. There are more than 90 species in ulum radiate, discoid, solitary, or several this genus and they are characterized by often in a corymb. Phyllaries in few to having solitary flowers from leaf axils or many, imbricate series, rigid, scarious, in few flowered cymes; corolla tube is slit to the base on the upper side; lobes

July 2011 PLT - 26 CLASSIFICATION DEFINITIONS July 2011

are subequal, spreading, wings equal; flowers. They are widely used as house and five stamens. plants.

364 Pathiphyllum: 371 Guzmania: This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. This subclass is indented under subclass 370. Plant which belongs to the genus Spathiphyl- Bromeliad plant which belongs to the genus lum. Guzmania.

(1) Note. Spathiphyllum is commonly 372 Cactus: known as Spathe Flower. This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. Plant which belongs to the genus Cactaceae. 365 Anthurium: This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. (1) Note. Cacti are generally characterized Plant which belongs to the genus Anthurium. by a high tolerance to drought, thick fleshy appendages, thick waxy cuticles (1) Note. Anthurium is commonly known covering exposed plant parts, often the as Tail Flower. presence of needles, and normally slow growth. They may also have showy 366 White or cream: flowers such as the Christmas cactus. This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Anthurium plant which has a spathe and spadix 373 HERBACEOUS ORNAMENTAL FOLI- of white or cream coloration, as typified by AGE PLANT: U.S. plant patent Nos. 8129, 8131, and 8821. This subclass is indented under the class definition. Plant which is herbaceous and princi- 367 Pink: pally characterized by and grown for its orna- This subclass is indented under subclass 365. mental foliage. Anthurium plant which has a spathe and spadix of pink coloration, as typified by U.S. plant (1) Note. The plants in this and the indented patent Nos. 9450 and 9669. subclasses are normally plants which are commercially marketed as “house 368 Purple, purple-red, or lavender: plants”. This subclass is indented under subclass 365. Anthurium plant which has a spathe and spadix 374 Syngonium: of purple, purple-red, or lavender coloration, as This subclass is indented under subclass 373. typified by U.S. plant patent Nos. 8375, 9686, Plant which belongs to the genera Syngonium and 9449. Schott or Nephthytis Hort.

369 Red: 375 Calathea: This subclass is indented under subclass 365. This subclass is indented under subclass 373. Anthurium plant which has a spathe and spadix Plant which belongs to the genus Calathea. of red coloration, as typified by U.S. plant patent Nos. 4375, 4376, and 7044. 376 Aglaonema: This subclass is indented under subclass 373. 370 Bromeliad: Plant which belongs to the genus Araceae and This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. is commercially marketed under the name Plant which belongs to the genus Bromeli- Aglaonema . aceae. (1) Note. Some species of Aglaonema are (1) Note. Bromeliad plants may be epi- known as Chinese evergreen. phytic, have stiff sword-like, pointed, and sharp leaves, and may have strik- 377 Schefflera: ingly colored, patterned foliage and This subclass is indented under subclass 373. spectacular, complex vibrantly colored Plant which belongs to the genus Schefflera.

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(1) Note. Schefflera is commonly known as 381 Philodendron: Umbrella Tree. This subclass is indented under subclass 373. Plant which belongs to the genus Philoden- 378 Dieffenbachia: dron. This subclass is indented under subclass 373. Plant which belongs to the genus Dieffenba- (1) Note. These plants are characterized by chia. having a vining habit and being a climbing tropical, tender vine. (1) Note. These plants are characterized by having thick, succulent stems with dis- (2) Note. Plants in this subclass vary in leaf tinct, leaf sheaf defined segments at the shape, leaf and leaf petiole coloration, nodes, and attractive, patterned variega- leaf size and leaf coloration, and may tions in the foliage. vary in ploidy.

(2) Note. Dieffenbachia is also known as 382 Sansevieria: dumb-cane. This subclass is indented under subclass 373. Plant which belongs to the genus Sansevieria. 379 Fern: This subclass is indented under subclass 373. (1) Note. These plants are characterized by Plant which is a flowerless, seedless, vascular having short to long, thick and stiff plant of the class Filicinae. lance-shaped leaves which are frequently patterned in various shades of (1) Note. Ferns have frond-like foliage and green and which may be marginally var- normally or commonly have a multitude iegated with yellow, and which normally of opposite leaflets and reproduce by spread by rhizomatous appendages. spores. Sansevieria is normally grown as a house plant. (2) Note. Included in this subclass are Stag- horn and Bird Nest ferns which have (2) Note. This plant may be referred to as large simple fronds of various shapes Mother-in-law’s tongue or Snake plant. without leaflets. 383 Dracaena or Cordyline: 380 Hoya: This subclass is indented under subclass 373. This subclass is indented under subclass 373. Plant which belongs to the genera Dracaena or Plant which belongs to the genus Hoya. Cordyline.

(1) Note. This is a large family encompass- (1) Note. Cordylines differ only slightly ing plants of a myriad of habits, sizes, from Dracaenas and are sometimes listed and origins such as desert or forest. as such.

(2) Note. Some species may have foliage, (2) Note. These plants are characterized as but foliage may be seasonal (i.e., on new having linear, strap-like foliage and may growth) and temporary. have highly attractive and notably long- lasting flower presentations. (3) Note. Some species may exhibit large or showy, colorful flowers and/or bear edi- (3) Note. The Dracaena is sometimes called ble fruit. the Corn plant. A popular variety of Cordyline is the Hawaiian ti plant. (4) Note. Hoyas are characterized as forming vines with large, green, and fre- 384 GRASS (e.g., pampas, elephant, etc.): quently variegated by marginal cream This subclass is indented under the class defini- coloration, thick leaves which curve tion. Plant which belongs to the family inwardly toward the undersurface. Gramineae.

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and is of any ploidy level of a plant within this (1) Note. These plants have narrow leaves, species. hollow and jointed stems, and spikes of clusters of membranous flowers borne in 392 St. Augustine grass: small spiklets. This subclass is indented under subclass 388. Grass which belongs to the genus Stenotap- 385 Sugar cane: rum. This subclass is indented under subclass 384. Plant which belongs to the genus and species (1) Note. Included in this subclass is the Saccharum officinarum. species S. secundatum or related species which share the same market class. (1) Note. Sugar cane is tall and has thick tough stems. (2) Note. This grass is noted to have thick, heavy stems and leaves of normally two 386 Perennial corn: spikes per node, aggressive growth, This subclass is indented under subclass 384. forming heavy, strong ground covers; a Plant which is perennial and which has within spreading grass. its genetic background at least one of the ante- cedents of modern corn (i.e., Zea mays). 393 Bluegrass: This subclass is indented under subclass 388. 387 Salt grass: Grass which belongs to the genus Poa. This subclass is indented under subclass 384. Plant which belongs to the genus Distichles. (1) Note. A common species member of this genus is P. pratensis. 388 Recreational turf or pasture grass: This subclass is indented under subclass 384. (2) Note. Bluegrass is characterized as a Plant which is normally used as a cover for a bunch grass with some ability to spread tract of ground. due to rhizomes and producing seed largely to predominantly through apo- (1) Note. These grasses may be adapted for mixis; having fine, dense, lush foliage of either recreational or pasture use. pleasing green to blue green hues, and forming abundant seed panicels on slen- 389 Bermuda grass: der, strong spikes. This subclass is indented under subclass 388. Grass which belongs to the genus Cynodon. 394 MUSHROOM: This subclass is indented under the class defini- (1) Note. Plants included in this subclass tion. Plant which is a multicellular fleshy may be members of Cynodon dactylon, fungi of the class Basidiomycetes, characteris- Cynodon transvaalensis, or interspecific tically having an umbrella-shaped cap borne on hybrids within the genus Cynodon. a stalk.

390 Zoysia grass: (1) Note. The entire cap and stalk of the This subclass is indented under subclass 388. mushroom are composed of hyphae. Grass which belongs to the genus Zoysia. The above ground portion of the mushroom is the fruiting body. (1) Note. Plants included in this subclass may be members of Zoysia japonica, 395 MISCELLANEOUS: Zoysia matrella, or interspecific hybrids This subclass is indented under the class defini- within the genus Zoysia. tion. Plant not provided for above.

391 Buffalo grass: 397 Aconitum: This subclass is indented under subclass 388. This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. Grass which belongs to Buchloe dactyloides Plant which belongs to the genus Aconitum.

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43 species of annual and perennial herbs (1) Note. The genus Aconitum is part of the and shrubs with stems erect or creeping, Ranunculaceae family and may also be sometimes branched; leaves orbicular to referred to as Monk s Hood. Aconitum linear, usually acute, entire or divided, plants include about 100 species of often pilose, especially on veins, some- annual, biennial, or perennial herbs with times petiolate; capitula discoid, solitary single galeate (helmet or hood-shaped) or in a panicle of up to 30 or more, form- flowers arranged in racemes or racemose ing a round-topped cluster; florets tubu- panicles and known as poisonous plants lar, with 5 blue, grey, or white lobes, largely growing in areas of damp mead- erect or spreading, giving the flower ows and woodlands in mountain areas. head a tassel-like appearance. A frost- tender genus grown for its brush-like, 398 Agapanthus: fluffy blooms borne over a long period This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. (in commonly grown cultivars often car- Plant which belongs to the genus Agapanthus. ried throughout summer until first frost) and for the fastness of the wide range of (1) Note. The genus Agapanthus is part of clear colors, although some of those with the Liliaceae family. Agapanthusplants white flowers fade to a dirty brown have inflorescence with many flowered unless regularly deadheaded. terminal umbels of large tubular to campanulate florets of dark violet or deep 401 Ajuga: blue to white in coloration. This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. Plant which belongs to the genus Ajuga. 399 Agastache: This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. (1) Note. The genus Ajuga is part of the Plant which belongs to the genus Agastache. Labiatae family and may also be referred to as Carpet Bugle. Ajuga plants include (1) Note. The genus Agastache is part of the some 40 species of low growing annual, Labiatae family and may also be referred or perennial evergreen herbs grown for to as Mexican Hyssop or Giant Hyssop. use as an ornamental groundcover for Agastache plants include some 20 spe- the landscape and bearing whorls of usu- cies of aromatic upright or procumbent ally blue flowers above the foliage in perennials with branching stems and spring and early summer. spreading rootstocks; with leaves that are usually petiolate or subsessile, ovate, 402 Amaryllis or Hippeastrum: or deltoid-ovate with margins crenate- This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. serrate, or rarely, with leaves that are Plant which belongs to the genus Amaryllis or lanceolate or linear with margins entire, Hippeastrum. glabrous to pubescent; with inflorescence spicate or narrowly paniculate, (1) Note. The genus Amaryllis is part of the flowers in dense sessile verticals, sub- Amaryllidaceae family. Amaryllis plants tending bracts often conspicuous; with are bulbous perennial herbs with strap- corolla that are red, orange, rose, violet, shaped leaves and broad funnel-shaped blue or white, without hairs on the throat single flowers arranged in umbels. of the 2-lipped tube. Agastache spp can be successfully cultivated in sheltered, 403 Anagallis: well-drained sites. This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. Plant which belongs to the genus Anagallis. 400 Ageratum: This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. (1) Note. The genus Anagallis is part of the Plant which belongs to the genus Ageratum. Primlaceae family and may also be referred to as Pimpernel. Anagallis (1) Note. The genus Ageratum is part of the plants are low-growing and creeping gla- Compositae family and includes some brous herb plants of open meadows or

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bogs, used in the garden for edging borders, summer color in rock gardens, and 408 Astrantia: as potted plants for winter or spring This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. color. Plant which belongs to the genus Astrantia.

404 Angelonia: (1) Note. The genus Astrantia is part of the This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. Umbelliferae family and may also be Plant which belongs to the genus Angelonia. referred to as Masterwort. Astrantia plants occur in alpine meadows and (1) Note. The genus Angelonia is part of the woods and are grown for their starry Scrophulariaceae family. Angelonia flowerheads formed by numerous, sin- plants have single bilabiate flowers in gle, minute, upright, campanulate flow- leaf axils or arranged on terminal ers of the central umbel surrounded by a racemes. decorative collar of papery, showy involucral bracts and carried on erect, 405 Anthemis: wiry stems. This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. Plant which belongs to the genus Anthemis. 409 Bergenia: This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. (1) Note. The genus Anthemis is part of the Plant which belongs to the genus Bergenia. Compositae family and may also be referred to as Dog Fennel. Cultivated (1) Note. The genus Bergenia is part of the species are grown for their daisy flowers Saxifragaceae family and includes 8 spe- held on slender stalks above the finely cies of perennial rhizomatous herbs divided foliage. occurring in damp, rocky woodland or meadows and valued for bold, evergreen 406 Argyranthemum: groundcover and early flowers in sca- This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. pose cymes. Plant which belongs to the genus Argyranthe- mum. 410 Bidens: This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. (1) Note. The genus Argyranthemum is part Plant which belongs to the genus Bidens. of the Compositae family. Argyranthe- mum plants have a single daisy compos- (1) Note. The genus Bidens is also com- ite inflorescence form with ligulate ray monly known as a member of the Com- florets; disc and ray florets develop acro- positae family and includes Tickseed, petally on a capitulum; and inflores- Beggar’s Ticks, Stick-Tight, Bur-Mari- cences are held upright and gold, Pitchforks, Spanish Needles, etc. perpendicular to the peduncles. Bidens plants are characterized as erect, annual or perennial herbs or shrubs with 407 Astilbe: daisy-type composite inflorescences. This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. They have disc and ray florets developed Plant which belongs to the genus Astilbe. acropetally on a capitulum and inflorescences displayed above and beyond the (1) Note. The genus Astilbe is part of the foliage on wiry peduncles. Saxifragaceae family and may be commercially marketed as Spiraea. Astilbe 411 Brachycome: plants are characterized as perennial, This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. deciduous herbs, forming dense clumps Plant which belongs to the genus Brachycome. with rhizomes branching below ground, with small, numerous flowers arranged (1) Note. The genus Brachycome is com- in broadly pyramidal, branching pani- monly known as a member of the Com- cles. positae family and may also be referred to as Swan River Daisy. Brachycome

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plants include about 70 species of annual on the variety, Calibrachoa plants can be or perennial herbs characterized by trailing or weeping with a height of four daisy-type composite inflorescences to six inches or spreading/upright result- with ray and disc florets developed acro- ing in a mounded habit that will grow to petally on a capitulum held above the a height of 10 to 15 inches. This foliage on erect peduncles. mounded type of Calibrachoa plant cre- ates more central growth resulting in 412 Brunnera: blossoms that completely cover the This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. plant; all varieties spread from 20 to 30 Plant which belongs to the genus Brunnera. inches and are commonly used in loca- tions that take advantage of its trailing/ (1) Note. The genus Brunnera is part of the spreading habit and grow well in hang- Boraginaceae family and includes 3 spe- ing baskets, patio planters, and window cies of rhizomatous perennial herbs with boxes. Calibrachoa plants are used for erect stems, setose or glandular-pubes- garden beds, either massed or in combi- cent; inflorescence a terminal panicle; nation. They bloom well in full sun but bracts absent; corolla purple or blue, will tolerate light afternoon shade in small, rotate, lobes ovate-orbicular. well-drained soil with average moisture; Brunnera macrophylla is a useful shade reduces flowering. groundcover in the woodland garden, in shaded borders and in waterside plant- 414 Campanula: ings, bearing loose sprays of delicate, This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. clear blue flowers in spring, which Plant which belongs to the genus Campanula. resemble those of forget-me-nots. The foliage increases in size after flowering, (1) Note. The genus Campanula is com- providing weed-smothering cover; the monly known as a member of the Cam- leaf edges assume their characteristic panulaceae family and may also be undulations as leaf size increases, giving referred to as Bellflower. Campanula massed plantings potential for textural plants include about 300 species of contrasts. annual, biennial, or perennial herbs characterized with a campanulate corolla and 413 Calibrachoa: with inflorescences that are paniculate, This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. racemose, or capitate, or with flowers Plant which belongs to the genus Calibrachoa occasionally solitary. characterized by salverform, trumpet-shaped solitary flowers. 415 Canna: This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. (1) Note. Calibrachoa is part of the genus of Plant which belongs to the genus Canna. plants in the Solanaceae (nightshade) family. Calibrachoa plants are weak (1) Note. The genus Canna is also com- evergreen perennials with a sprawling monly known as a member of the Can- habit and have a multitude of small naceae family and includes about 9 (miniature) petunia-type flowers, but species of rhizomatous perennial herbs unlike the petunia, Calibrachoa plants characterized as exotic and often with will not get leggy, turn to wet tissue brilliantly colored orchid-like flowers paper after a hard rain, or melt in the heat with large oval leaves that spiral up the and humidity of summer. Calibrachoa stem that may be green, bronze, or pur- plants have tiny bell-shaped blooms and ple. cascading form, and the petals are various shades of cherry, red, rose, violet, 416 Cleome: orange, pink, peach, white, plum, purple, This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. blue, and yellow that produce hundreds Plant which belongs to the genus Cleome. of eye-catching flowers in the green- house, garden, or containers. Depending

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in loose corymbs; involucre hemispheri- (1) Note. The genus Cleome is commonly cal; receptacle flat, scaly; phyllaries in 2 known as a member of the Cappari- series; ray florets in one series, sterile, daceae family and includes some 150 entire or subdentate, pink or violet to species of annual or perennial herbs, gla- black-purple or blood-red, more rarely brous to glandular-pubescent; leaves deep orange, yellow or white; disc flo- alternate, palmatifid usually exstipulate; rets hermaphrodite, fertile, tubular, pur- leaflets 3 to 7, entire to serrulate; inflo- ple, blood-red or yellow. A frost tender rescence a raceme, terminal, or lateral, 1- genus, the annual species grown in beds to many flowered, usually bracteate; and borders produces long-stemmed sepals free, equal, persistent or decidu- flowers for cutting over long periods in ous; petals 4, subequal, usually unguicu- the summer and early autumn. late. Cleomespp. are grown for their long-lasting and unusual spider-shaped 419 Crocosmia: flowers, opening from the base of the This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. inflorescence upwards, and carried over Plant which belongs to the genus Crocosmia. long periods from summer into autumn; the petals may curl up on hot sunny days (1) Note. The genus Crocosmia is com- and open fully in the cool of the evening. monly known as a member of the Iri- daceae family and may also be referred 417 Coreopsis: to as Montbretia. Crocosmia includes This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. some 7 species of deciduous, perennial Plant which belongs to the genus Coreopsis. monocots, to 1.25 cm.; circular, flat- tened, ringed, ivory corms to 2.5 cm (1) Note. The genus Coreopsis is commonly diameter, borne on short slender stolons; known as a member of the Compositae linear leaves, acuminate, often slightly family and may also be referred to as recurved, in two ranks, from apex of Tickseed. Coreopsis plants bear long corm and sheathing vase of flowering stemmed daisy-type inflorescences in stem, erect, glabrous or pubescent, profusion over long periods in the sum- ribbed or plicate; flowers above leaves, mer and are a rich nectar and pollen semi-opposite along simple or branching source for honey bees. Coreopsis plants spikes, erect or horizontal; perianth yel- are particularly valued for their clean low to vermilion, often with darker bright and rich yellows and are suitable markings, to 6 cm, slender, tubular, curv- for the sunny herbaceous and cut flower ing downwards, spreading as lobes, border; blooms often live exceptionally obtuse, to 2 cm across. Crocosmia spp. long in water. are grown for their brightly colored, funnel-shaped flowers carried on arching, 418 Cosmos: wiry stems and are especially valued for This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. their late summer blooming. They grow Plant which belongs to the genus Cosmos. in damp habitats.

(1) Note. The genus Cosmos is commonly 420 Cuphea: known as a member of the Compositae This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. family and includes about 26 species of Plant which belongs to the genus Cuphea. annual, perennial herbs, rarely subshrubs, glabrous or hairy; stems erect or (1) Note. The genus Cuphea is commonly ascending, often furrowed, naked or known as a member of the Lythraceae pubescent; leaves opposite, undivided, family and includes 260 species of lobed or 1-3-pinnatisect, dark green annual or short-lived perennial herbs or above, often paler beneath, glabrous or subshrubs, to 2m. Cuphea plants are hairy, sessile or petiolate; capitula branched or unbranched; viscid or medium to rather large, 1 to many, usu- downy stem; opposite or whorled leaves, ally radiate, terminal on long peduncles, upper leaves diminishing to inflores-

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cence bracts, ovate to lanceolate, elliptic flower per terminal, open during the day or linear, entire or slightly toothed; inflo- and with numerous petals. rescence a terminal or axillary, leafy raceme or panicle; pedicels with 2 oppo- 423 Delphinium: site bracteoles; flowers 6-merous, zygo- This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. morphic, 1-3 per node; floral tube Plant which belongs to the genus Delphinium. cylindric, sometimes flared, green, violet, red, bronze, yellow, pink or white, (1) Note. The genus Delphinium is com- 12-nerved, base gibbous or spurred, monly known as a member of the lobes 6, lowest often longest, with or Ranunculaceae family and may also be without 6 alternating smaller append- referred to as Larkspur. Delphinium ages, sometimes with red-purple or yel- plants bear inflorescences of a showy low hairs; petals absent or to 6, spike or racemes that may sometimes be spathulate to obovate, equal or subequal, paniculate and contain few to many alternate with lobes, minute, to 12 mm, flowers on erect and sometimes branch- crumpled, light pink to dark purple, red, ing stems. The genus Delphinium is yellow or white. C. ignea and C.Xpur- unusual in that all three primary colors purea, make tolerant, long-flowering are represented in different species. The bedding plants with small but showy, tall hybrids with their long spikes are abundantly produced flowers and neat available in a wide range of colors foliage, often covered in sticky glandular including purple, mauve, pink, white, hairs. and cream as well as varying shades of blue. In Europe, they are grown as 421 Curcuma: perennials but are treated as annuals in This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. California and regions of similar climate. Plant which belongs to the genus Curcuma. 424 Dianella: (1) Note. The genus Curcuma is also com- This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. monly known as a member of the Zin- Plant which belongs to the genus Dianella. giberaceae family. Curcuma plants are short rhizomatous perennials adapted to (1) Note. The genus Dianella is commonly areas of seasonal drought in the mon- known as a member of the Liliaceae soonal teak forests of Indomalaysia and family and may also be referred to as coastal brush forests of tropical Australia Flax Lily. Dianella plants include 25-30 and grown, otherwise, for their showy, species of fibrous-rooted, perennial bracted basal inflorescences. herbs that grow to 150 cm; stems often becoming erect, to 2m, slender, scarred 422 Delosperma: by leaf sheaths and bearing a terminal This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. fan of leaves; leaves radical or on stems, Plant which belongs to the genus Delosperma. 2-ranked, grasslike, to 150X3cm, sessile, sheathing, linear-lanceolate to broadly (1) Note. The genus Delosperma is also ensiform, venation parallel, margins and commonly known as a member of the keel rough or smooth; inflorescences Aizoaceae family. Delosperma plants are loosely paniculate, to 60 cm, spreading, mat-forming, compact or laxly branched, sometimes clustered, on drooping erect or with primary branches ascend- pedicels; flowers regular, bisexual, 3- ing, prostrate, creeping, herbaceous or merous, hypogynous; tepals free, 2 shrubby, or with annual shoots from a whorls of 3, 3-8-nerved, to 2 cm across, tuberous or woody caudex. Delosperma deep blue, pale blue, green-white, pur- leaves are succulent, cylindric or semi- ple-white, or white. Dianella plants are cylindric, or flat and variously shaped. evergreen and rhizomatous usually Flowers are single or solitary rotate occurring in nature in subtropical and flowers in a lax cyme, typically with one warm-temperate woodland habitats, Dianellaspp. are grown for their clumps

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of attractive grass-like, rough-edged the profusion of beautiful daisy flowers leaves and summer-flowering panicles of carried over mounds of aromatic foliage, small blue flowers, white in D. interme- sometimes blooming as quickly as nine dia; D. tasmanica begins to flower early weeks from sowing, then throughout in the year so that by summer it will bear summer until first frosts. Dimorphotheca persistent, bright blue berries. The fruits plants include about 7 species of gla- of other species are equally spectacular. brous to glandular-hairy herbs or shrubs with daisy-type composite inflores- 425 Diascia: cences displayed above the foliage, This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. upright on long peduncles arising from Plant which belongs to the genus Diascia. leaf axils with disc and ray florets developed acropetally on a capitulum. (1) Note. The genus Diascia is also commonly known as a member of the Scro- 428 Echinacea: phulariaceae family. Diascia plants This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. include 50 species of annual and peren- Plant which belongs to the genus Echinacea. nial herbs with solitary zygomorphic flowers arranged on terminal racemes (1) Note. The genus Echinacea is commonly with five modified petals fused at the known as a member of the Compositae base and lateral spurs containing dark family and may also be referred to as glands. Diasciaplantsare sun-loving Cone Flower. Echinacea plants include plants grown for their dense spikes of about 9 species of rhizomatous perennial colorful flowers, borne over a long flow- herbs occurring in dry habitats in open ering season, sometimes from early sum- woodland and prairies. They are grown mer through first frosts. in herbaceous and cut flower borders and in native plant collections for their large, 426 Dicentra: late summer daisies with the distinctive This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. and prominent central cone of disc flo- Plant which belongs to the genus Dicentra. rets. Echinacea plants have terminal and axillary composite inflorescences held (1) Note. The genus Dicentra is commonly mostly above and beyond the foliage on known as a member of the Fumariaceae strong peduncles with disc and ray flo- family and may also be referred to as rets developed acropetally on a capitu- Bleeding Heart. Dicentra plants include lum and disc florets massed at the center. 19 species of annual or perennial decidu- Echinacea plants will withstand heat ous herbs from taproots, bulblets, tubers, with high humidity, drought, partial or rhizomes. They are largely plants of shade, and temperatures as low as – 15 to woodland fringe or damp mountain soils, – 20 C/5 F to 4 F and below. grown for their flowers and lacey, often glaucous, foliage. Dicentra flowers are 429 Epimedium: borne in panicles, racemes or corymbs, This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. and are solitary, axillary or leaf-opposed, Plant which belongs to the genus Epimedium. pendulous, and heart-shaped in outline. (1) Note. The genus Epimedium is com- 427 Dimorphotheca: monly known as a member of the Ber- This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. beridaceae family and may also be Plant which belongs to the genus Dimorphoth- referred to as Bishop s Hat or Bishop s eca. Mitre. Epimedium plants include around 25 species of herbaceous, rhizomatous (1) Note. The genus Dimorphotheca is com- perennials with irregularly branching monly known as a member of the Com- rhizome, creeping, covered in thin, positae family and may also be referred brown bracts; 2-ternately divided leaves, to as Sun Marigold. It is a moderately rarely simple or more divided; stipules drought-tolerant genus that is valued for forming a sheath around the base of the

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petiole; petiole round in section; leaflets clasping, pubescent; capitula radiate, cordate at base, pointed at tip, margin solitary; receptacle convex to subglo- spiny, sometimes entire; flowering stem bose; ray florets yellow to red, tipped naked to 6-leaved; inflorescence few- to with yellow or red-purple, sterile; disc many-flowered; pedicel subtended by a florets tubular to campanulate, purple. bract; flowers glabrous, white and red, Gaillardia plants are valued for their yellow or violet; sepals 8, in 2 sets of 4, mid-summer flowers in a range of pre- the outer set 5 mm, early deciduous, the dominantly hot vibrant colors, from inner set petaloid, spreading; petals 4, golden yellows and warm copper to rich nectariferous and short. The rather slow- burgundy; Gaillardia spp. are so prolific growing Epimedium plants provide and long-blooming that they often excellent groundcover and are from the exhaust themselves and may be short- moist woodlands of the northern hemi- lived as perennials. Most are excellent sphere. The heart-shaped leaves are par- for cutting, especially if given the sup- ticularly attractive; in some cultivars, port of a grow-through mesh to ensure both the new spring and the autumnal long straight stems. leaves are tinged russet-bronze, and the flowers, the shape of a bishop s mitre, 432 Gaura: float daintily on wiry stems above the This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. leaves. In late winter, deciduous Epime- Plant which belongs to the genus Gaura. dium spp. must be clipped clean of the previous season s growth to ensure that (1) Note. The genus Gaura is also com- the flowers can be seen. monly known as a member of the Ona- graceae family with 21 species of 430 Felicia: annual, biennial or perennial herbs. This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. Gaura flowers are solitary, slightly Plant which belongs to the genus Felicia. zygomorphic flowers that are arranged on elongated terminal and axillary pani- (1) Note. The genus Felicia is commonly cles in leafless spikes. It is a fine, grace- known as a member of the Compositae ful plant for herbaceous borders, the wild family and may also be referred to as garden or collections of native plants; Blue Marguerite, Blue Daisy, or King- valuable for the late-blooming, soft fisher Daisy. Felicia plants include about racemes of white, pale pink, or scarlet 83 species of annual to perennial herbs, flowers produced continuously over a dwarf subshrubs, and shrubs. The genus long period. Felicia is a frost-tender genus, does not thrive in hot humid conditions, and is 433 Gentiana: prone to rot if cold and damp. Felicia This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. plants have disc and ray florets of capitu- Plant which belongs to the genus Gentiana. late radiate that are often solitary. (1) Note. The genus Gentiana is also com- 431 Gaillardia: monly known as a member of the Genti- This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. anaceae family and includes about 400 Plant which belongs to the genus Gaillardia. species of annual, biennial, or perennial, erect, prostrate, decumbent or climbing (1) Note. The genus Gaillardia is also com- herbs. Gentiana flowers are solitary or in monly known as a member of the Com- elongate to capitate, cymes, axillary or positae family and may also be referred terminal, erect or inclined, rarely nod- to as Blanket Flower. Gaillardia plants ding; corolla rotate, campanulate, tubu- include about 30 species of annual, bien- lar, funnel-shaped, salverform or clavate, nial, and perennial herbs which grow to 4-7 lobed, with interstitial webs or about 90 cm.; leaves alternate or often appendages (plicae), tube sometimes radical, entire, toothed, or pinnatifid, pleated, often striped outside and spotted base petiolate or sessile, more or less within. Gentiana plants are widespread

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across cool temperate and alpine zones used for cutting and for the herbaceous of the world, and most will thrive only in border and offers large number of culti- regions with cool summers. These plants vars that are particularly valuable for the are found in a wide range of habitats and autumn border. soil types and exhibit a corresponding diversity of habit, size, and cultural 436 Helianthus: requirements, so lending themselves to a This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. number of situations in the garden. Their Plant which belongs to the genus Helianthus. colors range from the deep and intense blues to which the genus has given its (1) Note. The genus Helianthus is a part of name to colors which include yellow, the Compositae family and includes white, scarlet, and gold. about 70 species of showy annual to perennial herbs, often with fibrous or 434 Globba: tuberous roots and rhizomes. The inflo- This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. rescences of Helianthus are daisy-type Plant which belongs to the genus Globba. borne on terminals above the foliage with disc and ray florets developing (1) Note. The genus Globba is also com- acropetally on a capitulum. Helianthus monly known as a member of the Zin- spp. are valued for their brilliant late giberaceae family and includes some 70 summer flowers, which in many species species of perennial herbs with slender last well when cut; most provide a useful fleshy rhizomes, fibrous roots, and reed- nectar source for bees, and the larger- like leafy stems. The inflorescence of flowered cultivars of the sunflower are Globba is a pendulous terminal raceme, particularly valuable when the seeds with showy bracts; flowers borne in cin- ripen and attract finches and other seed- cinni on slender branchlets arising from eating birds into the garden. The seed is axils of bracts and the lower flowers are of great economic importance as a often replaced with bulbils. Globba source of vegetable oil, a masticatory, plants are slender, rhizomatous perenni- and a fodder crop. als from the shady forests of monsoonal areas in southeast Asia and northeast 437 Heliopsis: India; they are useful as groundcover This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. under tropical shrubs and are easily Plant which belongs to the genus Heliopsis. grown in a medium-fertility, soil-based mix. (1) Note. The genus Heliopsis is a part of the Compositae family and includes about 435 Helenium: 13 species of branched, erect, perennial This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. herbs and may also be referred to as Ox- Plant which belongs to the genus Helenium. eye. The inflorescences of Heliopsis are showy radiate capitula, with a single (1) Note. The genus Helenium is a part of capitulum per terminal, comprising disc the Compositae family and may also be and ray florets. Heliopsis is noted for its referred to as Sneezeweed and is said to ease of cultivation, extreme cold-hardi- be named for Helen of Troy. Helenium ness, longevity, robust vigor, and the plants include about 40 species of strong warm colors of the large daisy annual, biennial, or perennial herbs. The flowers from mid to late summer and inflorescences of Helenium are radiate or autumn; the flowers also last reasonably discoid capitula that may be solitary or well when cut. in a corymb held above the foliage in strong erect peduncles. Disc and ray flo- 438 Heliotrope: rets develop acropetally on a capitulum. This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. Helenium plants are grown for the warm Plant which belongs to the genus Heliotrope. color range of their flowers with their prominent dark centers. Helenium is

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and hybrids are long-lasting and are (1) Note. The genus Heliotrope is a part of striking late winter to early spring flow- the Boraginaceae family and may also be ering plants in an infinite variety of referred to as Heliotropium or Turnsole. earthy whites, greens, yellows and deep Heliotrope plants include about 250 spe- purples, often with flushing and speck- cies of annual or perennial herbs, shrubs ling in contrasting hues. The strong, or undershrubs, usually villous. The sculptured, evergreen foliage adds an inflorescences of Heliotrope are solitary, architectural element in borders too geminate, or ternate in scorpioid spikes small for shrubs. or racemes with flowers of white, blue, purple, or sometimes yellow, and corolla 440 Heuchera: form as tubular, cylindrical, or unfundib- This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. ular. Heliotropiumspp. generally occur in Plant which belongs to the genus Heuchera. dry, open habitats, especially on sandy soils and may be container grown where (1) Note. The genus Heuchera is a part of the delightful fragrance may be appreci- the Saxifragaceae family and may also ated. be referred to as Alum Root or Coral Bells. Heuchera plants include some 55 439 Helleborus: species of herbaceous, evergreen, peren- This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. nial herbs which grow to 70 cm. with Plant which belongs to the genus Helleborus. woody, often branching rootstock; leaves usually basal, tuft-forming, rounded, (1) Note. The genus Helleborus is part of the cordate, dentate, broadly 5-9-lobed, mot- Ranunculaceae family and may also be tled when young; petiole slender; inflo- referred to as Hellebore. Helleborus rescence a slender, scapose raceme or plants include 15 species of rhizomatous panicle; flowers small; sepals fused at herbs. Helleborus rhizomes are usually base in a bell, saucer-shaped, 5-lobed stout, branching, with thick brown or above; petals 5 or absent, often shorter black roots, or sometimes with erect or than sepals. Heuchera is used as ever- procumbent aerial stems; stems are her- green groundcover in the woodland gar- baceous or persistent; herbaceous stems den or damp, sunny, border edges, arising from rhizomes are surrounded by valued for its foliage interest (many have 2-3 sheaths and are leafless although marbled leaves) and graceful flowering bracts may resemble leaves; leaves are spikes in subtle shades of coral pink and mostly basal arising from rhizomes, green. H. Purple Palace is one of the caulescent species borne on stems and most striking small herbaceous perenni- falling to expose basal portion of stems, als; its dark foliage and delicate white usually pedate, sometimes palmate, with flowers commend it as a contrast plant 3 or more segments, often coriaceous, for mixed borders, preferably on slightly venation prominent below, sometimes damp soils. pubescent, margins coarsely dentate or spiny-toothed, rarely entire; flowers 441 XHeucherella: rarely solitary, usually a few in loose This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. cymes, sometimes many in a paniculate Plant which belongs to the genus cyme, subtended by leaflike bracts, usu- XHeucherella. ally pendent or horizontal, flat to campanulate, actinomorphic, hermaphrodite, (1) Note. The genus XHeucherella is a part parts inserted spirally; outer whorl of 5 of the Saxifragaceae family of perennial perianth segments, overlapping white or herbs and grows to 45 cm. with leaves to green to purple, persistent, becoming 13 cm., orbicular, stalked, shallowly green after anthesis; inner whorl of to 32 lobed, hispid throughout, light green, tubular to funnel-shaped nectarines, mottled brown when young, becoming green or deep purple, yellow, pink or dark green with age, bronze in autumn; almost black, caducous. Helleborusspp. flowering stem to 40 cm; panicles loose,

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slender; flowers small, pink; calyx fused colored flowers which last well when into a pink cup; petals 4mm., just cut. exceeding sepals in length. XHeucherella plants are clump-forming 444 Lamium: hybrids with a neat, ground-covering This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. habit and good autumn color. Plant which belongs to the genus Lamium.

442 Hypericum: (1) Note. The genus Lamium is part of the This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. Labiatae family and may also be referred Plant which belongs to the genus Hypericum. to as Dead Nettle. Lamium plants include some 50 species of perennial or annual (1) Note. The genus Hypericum is a part of herbs; with stems often stoloniferous and the Guttiferae family and includes over creeping at base, glabrous to pubescent; 400 species of small trees, shrubs, or leaves petiolate, opposite, ovate to kid- herbs, evergreen or deciduous, with pale ney-shaped, base usually cordate, rug- (pellucid or amber) and often dark (black ose; flowers in to 12-flowered or occasionally red) glands (and/or verticillasters; corolla 2-lipped, upper lip canals), glabrous or sometimes with sim- hooded, arched, ovate to oblong, lower ple hairs on stems, leaves and/or sepals. lip spreading, 3-lobed, cordate to obo- Hypericum leaves are paired or some- vate, lateral lobes reduced, occasionally times 3-4-whorled, sessile or shortly appendaged, middle lobe short-peti- stalked; flowers are bisexual, solitary olate, obovate. Lamium plants are useful and terminal or in terminal and some- ground-covering plants, particularly the times axillary dichasial to monochasial silver-leaved forms of L. maculatum (the cymes, sometimes in a dichasium silver coloration is due to air-filled blis- replaced by flowering pseudo-dichoto- ters below the leaf surface) and L. gale- mous branches. Sometimes, Hypericum obdolon are several of the most may be commercially used as cut stems commonly encountered groundcover with fruits. plants in cool temperate gardens.

443 Kniphofia or Tritoma: 445 Lavandula: This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. Plant which belongs to the genus Kniphofia or Plant which belongs to the genus Lavandula. Tritoma. (1) Note. The genus Lavandula is part of the (1) Note. The genus Kniphofia, named after Labiatae family and may also be referred a German botanist, J.H. Kniphof, is a to as Lavender, which has long been part of the Lilaceae or Aloeaceae family used as a fragrant wash. Lavandula and includes about 68 species of peren- plants include 28 species of aromatic nial herbs with short thick rhizomes shrubs and subshrubby perennials with forming large clumps or having a few branched stems that are erect or spread- crowns from which arise clusters of lining; leaves linear-oblong, simple and ear to grasslike leaves, often fleshy, entire or dentate to pinnate or bipinnate sometimes strap-like, sometimes keeled, margins usually revolute; inflorescence a rarely caulescent. Kniphofia scapes are terminal, long-stalked, verticillate spike, erect, slender, usually exceeding leaves, simple or branched at base; bracts differ- bearing in the apical quarter a dense or ing distinctly from leaves; corolla 2- lax spike-like raceme with tubular-cylin- lipped, usually purple or blue, some- dric to funnel-shaped flowers. Kniphofia times white or pink, upper lip 2-lobed, plants are summer and autumn flower- lower lip 3-lobed, lobes equal. Lavan- ing, generally sturdy perennials for the dula plants are aromatic shrubs grown sunny border, valued for their strong for their ornamentation and perfume. Oil form and stout spikes of often brilliantly of lavender has been extracted from several species for its scent and antiseptic

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properties. Several species because of for outdoor cultivation only in areas that their high nectar content are grown as are essentially frost-free, and they bee plants. All lavenders are found in require a position in the full sun and in exposed, usually parched, hot, rocky sit- well-drained soil. uations. Although often found on calcar- eous soils, lavenders are not affected by 448 Ligularia: different soil types but prefer well- This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. drained positions to damp waterlogged Plant which belongs to the genus Ligularia. ones during winter. English Lavender plants do not live very long and become (1) Note. The genus Ligularia is a part of the unshapely in fewer than 10 years. They Compositae family and may also be may be trimmed back after 3-4 years to referred to as Leopard Plant or as “a little prolong their shape, but in time will need tongue” referring to the tongue-shaped to be replaced by young plants. ray florets. Ligularia plants include about 180 species of perennial herbs 446 Leschenaultia: with radical, broad, ovate-oblong to reni- This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. form, usually cordate basal leaves and Plant which belongs to the genus long, broadly sheathed stems. Ligularia Leschenaultia. plants are grown for their flowers and foliage and are grown as specimens by (1) Note. The genus Leschenaultia is a part lakes and stream sides or in massed of the Goodeniaceae family and includes plantings in the dappled shade of wood- some 24 species of glabrous herbs, sub- land gardens. These plants demand deep, shrubs, or shrubs with heath-like habit. moist, fertile and humus-rich soils and Leschenaultia leaves are usually linear, benefit from a mulch of organic matter; entire, and sessile; flowers are solitary on bright windy days, they may wilt very and terminal or several in terminal, leafy quickly, even where soil moisture may corymbs. appear adequate.

447 Leucocoryne: 449 Limonium: This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. Plant which belongs to the genus Leucocoryne. Plant which belongs to the genus Limonium.

(1) Note. The genus Leucocoryne is a part of (1) Note. The genus Limonium is a part of the Liliaceae (Alliaceae) family and the Plumbaginaceae family and may also includes about 12 species of herbaceous be referred to as Sea Lavender, Marsh perennials which grow to 50 X 10 cm, Rosemary, or Statice. Limonium plants many with the characteristic smell of include about 150 species of perennial garlic; bulbs to 2 cm wide, with dark herbs or shrubs, or rarely annuals with brown tunics; 2-5 leaves to 35cm to 5 inflorescences in a corymbose panicle of mm, basal, linear often channeled, senes- terminal spikelets on a scaly, bracteate cent before flowering; 2-12 flowers, fun- stem; spikelets subtended by 3 floral nel-shaped, in umbels with 2 spathes; 6 bracts. The flowers of most species of perianth segments, similar, white, blue or Limonium can be air-dried for winter violet, lower parts fused to basal tube, decorations; they range in form and upper parts free, spreading. Leucocoryne color from the most subtle and delicate plants are grown for their loose heads of sprays on fine sinuous stems to the more scented, soft blue flowers carried over extravagant and densely flowered pani- long periods in spring and early summer, cles, frequently seen as florist s flowers Leucocorynespp. start growing early in and particularly valued for the strong the year; the grass-like foliage dies down bright colors they retain when dried, pro- at or slightly before flowering, and bulbs vided the flowers are kept away from the enter dormancy during summer and bright light. autumn. Leucocoryne plants are suitable

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range through northern temperature 450 Liriope: regions in diverse habitats, from fenland, This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. damp meadows and moist woodlands, to Plant which belongs to the genus Liriope. rocky or alpine meadow habitats.

(1) Note. The genus Liriope is part of the 453 Lysimachia: Liliaceae (Convallariaceae) family and This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. may also be referred to as Lily Turf. Lir- Plant which belongs to the genus Lysimachia. iope plants include some 5 species of perennial, evergreen, stemless, tufted, or (1) Note. The genus Lysimachia is a part of occasionally rhizomatous herbs, which the Primulaceae family and may also be grow to 45 cm. with grass-like leaves; referred to as Loosestrife. Lysimachia flowers white to dark mauve, grape-like, plants include about 150 species of erect clustered in a scapose, elongated spike or or procumbent herbs, rarely dwarf raceme; tepals 6, free. The most fre- shrubs. Lysimachia plants are a cosmo- quently seen species in cultivation, politan genus, found in damp grassland L.muscari is valued as a fairly drought- or swampy terrain and are easily grown tolerant evergreen groundcover bearing in moist borders in sun and part shade or its densely flowered spikes of lavender at the waterside and in bog gardens. blue in late autumn. Lysimachia plants that are commonly cultivated are perennials and are inclined 451 Lobelia: to be invasive. This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. Plant which belongs to the genus Lobelia. 454 Mimulus: This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. (1) Note. The genus Lobelia is a part of the Plant which belongs to the genus Mimulus. Campanulaceae family and includes some 365 species of annual or perennial (1) Note. The genus Mimulus is part of the herbs, shrubs, and treelets, often with a Scrophulariaceae family and may also be milky, acrid sap. Lobelia flowers are in referred to as Monkey Flower or Musk. racemes or are solitary, sometimes with Its Latin name mimus, a mimic actor, bracteolate and a bilabiate corolla, slit to refers to a fanciful resemblence of the the base on the upper side, with the markings of the corolla to a grinning lower 3 lobes large and spreading and face; or from mimo, referring to gaping the upper 2 lobes small and recurved. mouth of corolla. Mimulus plants include They are valued for their (typically) rich, about 150 species of annual or perennial deep blue flowers, though modern selec- herbs, of erect or diffuse habit, or rarely tions have extended the color range to shrubs. The flowers of Mimulus are axil- include pure white, carmine pink, and lary or on spike-like racemes. pale lilacs. 455 Monarda: 452 Lychnis: This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. Plant which belongs to the genus Monarda. Plant which belongs to the genus Lychnis. (1) Note. The genus Monarda is part of the (1) Note. The genus Lychnis is part of the Labiatae family and may also be referred Caryophyllaceae family and may also be to as Wild Bergamot, Horsemint, or Bee- referred to as Catchfly. Lychnis plants balm and includes about 16 species of include about 20 species of mostly aromatic annual or perennial herbs. perennial herbs, differing from Silene Monarda flowers are borne in dense only in the combination of 5 styles and a glomerules, terminal and solitary or in an capsule opening with 5 teeth (most interrupted spike, subtended by an Silene species have 3 styles and a cap- involucre or usually foliar bracts. M. sule opening with 6 teeth). Lychnisspp. didyma has long been cultivated for oil

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of bergamot extracted from young spicuous corona in the form of a trumpet leaves, for dried leaves in potpourri, and or a smaller ring or cup, often a different for the high nectar yield useful for bees. color from the segments. Narcissi (which The annual species are usually grown for include all daffodils) are among the most their sweet scent and for nectar produc- popular garden plants, can be grown in tion for bees. The perennial species, par- beds and borders, rock gardens, in grass ticularly the many showy forms of M. and woodlands, and in pots. They are didyma, make first-rate clump-forming also excellent as cut flowers. Their flow- plants for the herbaceous border. ering period extends from late autumn to early summer though the main flowering 456 Myosotis: period is in spring. This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. Plant which belongs to the genus Myosotis. 458 Nemesia: This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. (1) Note. The genus Myosotis is part of the Plant which belongs to the genus Nemesia. Boraginaceae family and may also be referred to as Forget-me-not or Scorpion (1) Note. The genus Nemesia is part of the grass and includes some 50 species of Scrophulariaceae family and includes annual, biennial, or perennial pubescent some 65 species of annual or perennial herbs. Myosotis leaves are alternate; herbs or subshrubs. Nemesia flowers are flowers usually in paired cymes, mostly axillary or in short terminal racemes; white, blue, or purple usually with a con- bilabiate corolla with very short tube, spicuous white or yellow eye; bracts produced into spur or pouch at front, usually absent; 5-lobed calyx, often upper lip 4-lobed, lower entire or bilabi- accrescent in fruit; corolla rotate or sal- ate, with palate almost closing throat. verform, 5 lobes, obtuse, spreading, fau- Nemesia plants are commonly used as cal scales 5, distinct, usually included, frost-tender annuals for summer bed- papillose. M. sylvatica and M. alpestris ding, mixed borders, and pot-plant dis- occur in damp woodlands and meadows, play in cool glasshouses. the latter on basic rock formations. Their many cultivars are grown as hardy annu- 459 Nierembergia: als or biennials (tolerating winter tem- This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. peratures of at least – 15 C/ 5 F). Plant which belongs to the genus Nierember- Traditionally used in spring bedding and gia. as border edging, they are also suited to window boxes and to pot cultivation in (1) Note. The genus Nierembergia is a part the cold glasshouse for winter and early of the Solanaceae family and may also spring blooms. be referred to as Cupflower and includes some 23 species of annual or perennial 457 Narcissus: herbs or subshrubs. Nierembergia flow- This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. ers are solitary, terminal, or in cymes; Plant which belongs to the genus Narcissus. calyx is tubular to campanulate, 5-lobed, with lobes spreading; corolla is tubular, (1) Note. The genus Narcissus is part of the limb spreading and 5-lobed. Nierember- Amaryllidaceae family, may also be giaspp. are slender-stemmed, graceful referred to as Daffodil, and includes plants, generally found growing wild in about 50 species of perennial bulbous moist but sunny situations in the temper- herbs. Its flowers are yellow or white, ate regions of South America. The sometimes fragrant, erect to drooping, upturned, bell-like, salverform flowers solitary or in an umbel of 2-20, sub- last from summer until well into the tended by a one-valved, usually scarious autumn and, in creeping species, nestle membranous spathe, borne on a leafless against a backdrop of spreading, dark scape; perianth tubular at the base, with green foliage. 6 segments, almost always with a con-

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rotate or subcampanulate, tube short, 460 Oenothera: throat with 5 saccate invaginations form- This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. ing an eye, frequently paler than the rest Plant which belongs to the genus Oenothera. of the corolla. Most Omphalodes species are suitable for cool positions in the rock (1) Note. The genus Oenothera is part of the garden or for naturalizing in light, open Onagraceae family and may also be woodland with treatment. referred to as Sundrops or Suncups or Evening Primrose and includes 124 spe- 462 Ornithogalum: cies of annual, biennial, or perennial This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. herbs. Oenothera plants have erect, Plant which belongs to the genus Ornithoga- ascending stems that are rarely decum- lum. bent and sometimes rooting at nodes, with taproot or fibrous roots, rarely rhi- (1) Note. The genus Ornithogalum is a part zomatous; leaves sometimes in basal of the Lilaceae family and includes some rosette, otherwise alternate, sessile or 80 species of bulbous perennial herbs. petiolate, entire and dentate or pinnati- Ornithogalum inflorescence is a scapose fid; stipules absent; flowers usually large raceme or corymb, pyramidal, to subcy- and showy, solitary in leaf axils or gath- lindric, 2- to many flowered; bracts usu- ered into corymbose, racemose or spi- ally conspicuous; tepals 6, equal or cate inflorescences, actinomorphic, 4- unequal in 2 distinct whorls, white, merous, opening at dawn or dusk, soon rarely yellow, orange or red, outside usu- fading; floral tube cylindrical, apex ally marked with a green stripe, usually flared, deciduous; petals white, yellow, widely spreading, rarely erect. Ornithog- or purple, rarely red or with a red spot, alum leaves are in a rosette, linear to lan- becoming orange and purple, obovate or ceolate or obovate, sometimes with a obcordate. Cultivated ornamentals silver-white median stripe above and include the evening primroses, which are margins smooth or hairy. Ornithogalum generally evening-flowering, and the has two main centers of distribution, in sundrops or suncups, which are day- South Africa and around the Mediterra- flowering. Some of the evening prim- nean, but includes a number of more roses are day-flowering, but some bear northerly European natives which are fragile and often scented blooms at robust and cold-hardy in cultivation, night, which wither and die in the morn- some of which may become invasive ing sun. Cultivated types are generally where conditions suit. tap-rooted plants of stony and well- drained soils or mountainous country, 463 Oxalis: preferring a dryish, sunny site in the gar- This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. den. Plant which belongs to the genus Oxalis.

461 Omphalodes: (1) Note. The genus Oxalis is a part of the This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. Oxalidaceae family and may also be Plant which belongs to the genus Omphalodes. referred to as Sorrel or Shamrock and includes about 800 species of annual or (1) Note. The genus Omphalodes is a part of perennial, stemmed or stemless herbs the Boraginaceae family and may also be and shrubs, often with tuberous or bul- referred to as Navelwort or Navelseed bous underground parts; very rarely and includes some 28 species of annual, aquatic plants; leaves radical or cauline, biennial, or perennial herbs, glabrous or palmate; leaflets usually 3, sometimes minutely pubescent. Omphalodes flow- more or phyllodic, often folding down at ers are usually in terminal cymes, some- night; stipules adnate to petiole bases or times solitary and axillary, white or blue, absent; flowers with a tristylic, hetero- sometimes bracteate; calyx 5-parted, morphic arrangement of parts on axillary accrescent in fruit; corolla 5-lobed, sub- peduncles; often in cymes or contrac-

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tions of this to umbellate, 1- to many- vars make a valuable contribution to the flowered; bracteoles in pairs subtending late summer and autumn flower garden. pedicels and cyme branches, many and Diversity of natural habitat gives a vari- crowded in umbellate inflorescences; ety of tolerance to differing garden sites. pedicels articulate below calyx and/or The majority of commonly cultivated their base; petals usually partly fused at species are found in dryish, sunny sites base, white, pink, red, or yellow. or in sub-alpine woodlands, meadows, Although a number of species are poten- and plains on light, often impoverished tial weeds that spread by means of seed soils. and underground bulbils and may prove difficult to eradicate, Oxalis includes a 466 Pentas: number of beautiful ornamentals for a This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. diversity of situations in the garden. Plant which belongs to the genus Pentas. Most species are low and spreading; the flowers and sometimes the leaves close (1) Note. The genus Pentas is a part of the up at night or in shade. Rubiaceae family and includes some 30 or 40 species of perennial, or rarely bien- 464 Papaver: nial, herbs or shrubs. Pentas flowers are This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. bisexual, 1-3 morphous, crowded in ter- Plant which belongs to the genus Papaver. minal, much-branched cymes or flat- topped corymbs; corolla is tubular to (1) Note. The genus Papaver is a part of the cylindric, tube often funnel-shaped and Papaveraceae family and may also be swollen above and pubescent at throat, referred to as Poppy and includes some lobes 5, unequal, valvate in bud, ovate to 50 species of annual or perennial, glau- oblong. Pentas plants are woody-based cous, rarely glabrous, herbs which grow herbs or shrubs with cymes or domed to 120 cm. Papaver leaves are basal or cymes of crowded flowers in a range of cauline, pinnatifid to pinnatisect, shades of red, pink, or mauve and are toothed, serrate or, rarely, crenate, occa- grown in the glasshouse or for summer sionally bristly, segments often pinnate use outdoors in tubs and bedding or bipinnate, irregularly incised. schemes. Papaver flowers are solitary with 2, rarely 3 sepals, concave, overlapping, 467 Persicaria: short-lived; 4 petals, rarely 5 or 6, usu- This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. ally obovate, obtuse, creased in bud and Plant which belongs to the genus Persicaria. often withering and falling early. Pop- pies are easily grown in the mixed bor- (1) Note. The genus Persicaria, also der, herbaceous border, and in rock Polygonum, is part of the Polygonaceae gardens. family and may also be referred to as Knotweed, Smartweed, Fleece Vine, or 465 Penstemon: Silver Lace Vine. Persicaria includes This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. some 150 species of mostly annual or Plant which belongs to the genus Penstemon. perennial herbs, occasionally aquatic or scramblers, woody subshrubs, with (1) Note. The genus Penstemon is a part of stems appearing jointed. Persicaria the Scrophulariaceae family and flowers are small, sometimes showy, fer- includes some 250 species of subshrubs tile, clustered in axils of leaves or bracts, or perennial herbs, some grown as annu- or in terminal panicles or spikes; peri- als. Penstemon inflorescences are a race- anth funnel- or bell-shaped, segments 3- mose, cymose, or a thyrsoid showy 6, commonly 5, usually equal, petal-like, panicle; calyx is 5-lobed, corolla tubular, white, pink, or red. A diverse genus with almost regular to strongly bilabiate, species suited to a number of situations upper lip 2-lobed, lower 3 cleft. The in the garden. Although most have inva- warm colors of Penstemonspp. and culti- sive potential which must be taken

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account of when sitting, this tendency species of erect, decumbent, or spread- can often be used to advantage in larger ing annuals or more commonly rhizoma- landscape plantings. tous and caespitous perennials that are often foul-smelling. Leaves are usually 468 Phygelius: alternate, pinnate, compound or very This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. deeply pinnatifid, leaflets entire or Plant which belongs to the genus Phygelius. divided; inflorescence a lax or dense, axillary or terminal cyme; flowers some- (1) Note. The genus Phygelius is part of the times solitary; corolla narrowly funnel- Scrophulariaceae family and includes a form to rotate-campanulate, usually blue genus of 2 species and many hybrids; or white, rarely purple, yellow or pink, evergreens or semi-evergreen shrubs and lobes rounded to spathulate. P. caer- subshrubs which grow to 1-1.5m. Phyge- uleum is native to damp grassland and lius plants have woody stems at their rocky habitats, frequently on limestone base, soft above; shoots erect, glabrous, soils. angular. Inflorescences are often one- sided; flowers pendulous; corolla tubu- 471 Portulaca: lar, pink to orange-red, narrowing This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. towards base, 5-lobed, margins sharply Plant which belongs to the genus Portulaca. recurved. Spring growth is rapid and plants will give useful front to mid-bor- (1) Note. The genus Portulaca is part of the der height, proving remarkably drought- Portulacaceae family and may also be tolerant and freely producing their referred to as Purslane or Moss Rose. warmly colored panicles of fuchsia-like Portulaca includes some 40 species of flowers from summer until late in the fleshy or trailing mostly annual herbs. season. Leaves are alternate or nearly opposite, flat or sometimes cylindrical, often with 469 Plectranthus: tufts of bristles in the axils, the upper This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. forming a leafy involucre subtending the Plant which belongs to the genus Plectranthus. often showy and variously colored flowers. Flowers are purple, yellow, or pink (1) Note. The genus Plectranthus is part of with 4-6 petals which open in direct sun- the Labiatae family and includes some shine and close in shadow. P. grandiflora 350 species of annuals, perennial herbs, is grown for its fleshy, moss-like foliage or shrubs. Plectranthus plants have her- and for the profusion of individually baceous, semi-succulent, or succulent short-lived, brightly colored flowers car- stems and leaves; paniculate, racemose, ried over long periods in summer. Portu- or spicate inflorescence, usually termi- laca plants are ideally suited as low- nal, flowers in verticils, occasionally sol- growing, seasonal filler in flower beds itary more often cymes; corolla tube and borders, as edging, for window variously gibbous, bilabiate, upper lip boxes and other containers and are easily usually 4-lobed, lower longer than upper. grown from seed sown in situ in spring, This large genus provides many attrac- in any low-nutrient, freely draining, tive ornamental flowering plants for con- sandy soil in full sun. servatory or bedding outside in summer. 472 Primula: 470 Polemonium: This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. Plant which belongs to the genus Primula. Plant which belongs to the genus Polemonium. (1) Note. The genus Primula is part of the (1) Note. The genus Polemonium is part of Primulaceae family and includes some the Polemoniaceae family and may also 400 species of perennial, mostly alpine be referred to as Jacob s Ladder or Sky herbs with short rhizomes and leaves in Pilot. Polemonium includes some 25 basal rosettes, radical, simple, entire,

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toothed or lobes; many species with rodite. Rudbeckia plantsare grown for farina, a wax secreted from glands on their large, usually yellow daisies with surfaces of the leaves. Primula plants the prominent central cone and often have peduncles that are often conspicu- reflexed ray florets which give a charac- ous, sometimes reduced and hidden in teristic shuttlecock outline to the flower; rosettes, the flower stalk being an elon- Rudbeckia plants include many useful gated pedicel; inflorescences terminal, species used for cutting and as summer verticillate or umbellate with involucral borders; Rudbeckia performs particu- bracts, or a simple raceme, green parts larly well during long hot late summers. often farinose; flowers 5-merous, often The species are particularly useful for fragrant, and corolla tube usually native plant collections and for naturaliz- exceeding calyx. The genus Primula is ing; the many cultivars, even where truly one of the largest and most important perennial, will flower in their first year plants in cultivation in temperate gar- from early sowings and are often treated dens, ranging from the most amenable as annuals. Rudbeckia plants grow in any and undemanding of plants to those moderately fertile and retentive garden which present an irresistible challenge to soil in sun or part day shade. the most skilled of growers. 475 Salvia: 473 Pulmonaria: This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. Plant which belongs to the genus Salvia. Plant which belongs to the genus Pulmonaria. (1) Note. The genus Salvia is part of the (1) Note. The genus Pulmonaria is part of Labiatae family and may also be referred the Boraginaceae family and may also be to as Sage. Salvia plants include some referred to as Lungwort. Pulmonaria 900 or more species of perennial or, plants include some 14 species of peren- occasionally, annual or biennial herbs, nial, pubescent herbs with creeping rhi- shrubs or subshrubs with erect or zomes, simple stems, leaves that are ascending, glabrous to glandular and/or simple, green, sometimes spotted white, variously pubescent stems; leaves sessile inflorescence of terminal, forked cymes, or petiolate, simple, or lyrate or pinnati- bracteate; flowers white, pink, blue, or sect; flowers in 2-40 flowered, approxi- purple; corolla 5-lobed, infundibular, mate or distant verticillasters, these throat with 5 tufts of hairs. Pulmonari- disposed in terminal or axillary racemes, aspp. occur in shaded sites on deep soils spikes, panicles, or rarely, cymes; corolla rich in organic matter; P. officinalis is 2-lipped, upper lip hooded, erect, plane generally found over limestone. or falcate, entire to emarginated or bifid, lower lip spreading, 3-lobed, lateral 474 Rudbeckia: lobes reduced, middle lobe often emar- This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. ginated. Of the 900 or so species of Plant which belongs to the genus Rudbeckia. Salvia plants, a large percentage are among the most ornamental flowering (1) Note. The genus Rudbeckia is part of the plants, providing a long-lasting display Compositae family and may also be as shrubs, herbaceous perennials, bienni- referred to as Coneflower. Rudbeckia als, and annuals. Several species have plants include some 15 species of usu- deliciously aromatic foliage, and some ally perennial, rarely annual or biennial, are used in widespread cultivation for herbs with simple or branched stems and medicinal uses and as culinary herbs. alternate, entire to 2-pinnatifid leaves; few capitula that are usually solitary, 476 Sanvitalia: radiate; phyllaries in few to many series; This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. receptacle naked or scaly, hemispheric to Plant which belongs to the genus Sanvitalia. conic; ray florets sterile, mostly yellow or orange; disc florets tubular, hermaph-

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(1) Note. The genus Sanvitalia is part of the 478 Scabiousa or Scabiosa: Compositae family and includes about 7 This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. species of annual to perennial herbs with Plant which belongs to the genus Scabiousa or opposite, simple, entire leaves; radiate Scabiosa. capitula; receptacle hemispheric to narrowly conic, scaly; phyllaries in 2-3 (1) Note. The genus Scabiousa or Scabiosa series, imbricate, dry or partly herba- is part of the Dipsacaceae family and ceous; ray florets female, fertile, persis- may also be referred to as Pincushion tent on fruit, white or yellow; disc florets Flower or Scabious. Scabiosa plants purple or white with a green tinge. The include some 60-80 species of annual or Sanvitalia plantis an undemanding, perennial herbs, or rarely subshrubs; creeping annual for border edges, win- leaves opposite, entire to toothed, lobed dowboxes, and hanging baskets. Sanvi- or much divided, often in basal rosettes; talia plants grow in sun in an open flowers blue, rose, purple, yellow-white position in well-drained, moderately fer- or white in long-stalked, hemispherical, tile soil. terminal heads subtended by 1-2 series of involucral bracts; calyx cupular, bris- 477 Sarracenia: tly; corolla with 5 unequal lobes and a This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. short tube, lobes often 2-lipped. Scabio- Plant which belongs to the genus Sarracenia. saspp. are used in diverse situations in the garden; for example, in annual and (1) Note. The genus Sarracenia is part of the cut flower borders valued for the translu- Sarraceniaceae family and may also be cent spherical seedheads used in dried referred to as Pitcher Plant. Sarracenia arrangements, in the wild garden, and in plants include some 8 species of carnivo- dry sunny meadows, in approximation of rous herbaceous perennials with hori- habitat, where they form a valuable nec- zontal, stout rhizomes with apical cluster tar source for bees and butterflies and a of leaves; leaves of annual duration, usu- food source for caterpillars; in the rock ally pitcher-form, but sometimes not garden; in the herbaceous border; and for forming pitchers, especially over winter; cutting. Scabiosa plants may be selected pitchers 15-100 cm, erect to decumbent, for their color from pure creamy white elongate (“trumpet-shaped”) or squat, through soft lavender to strong blues and with broad lateral wing and terminal lid the soft pale yellows. or laminal flap, apex sometimes hooded and inflated, with entrance to pitcher 479 Sedum: somewhat concealed, but usually lamina This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. erect, not covering mouth of pitcher, Plant which belongs to the genus Sedum. mouth often with distinct thickened margin, pitchers usually green or yellow- (1) Note. The genus Sedum is part of the green, often variously marked red or Crassulaceae family and includes over brown especially on veins, sometimes 300 species of usually succulent, annual with many translucent white spots to perennial herbs and subshrubs; stems toward apex; coloring often variable, erect or decumbent, sometimes tufted or sometimes related to light intensity; creeping; leaves fleshy, compressed to inflorescences usually much exceeding round in cross section, alternate, oppo- pitchers; scape unbranched, naked, glau- site or sometimes whorled, entire or cous; flower pendulous, opening before nearly so; inflorescence usually terminal, young pitchers mature in spring, thereby often a compound cyme; flowers usually preventing undesirable capture of polli- hermaphrodite, floral parts in fives, nating insects; 5 petals, ovate to oblong, occasionally 3-, 4-, 6-, or 7-merous, large, yellow to red. white or yellow, more rarely red or purple, very rarely blue; petals usually 5. The Sedum plant is the largest genus in

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the Crassulaceae family and is found in a calyx more or less tubular with (5)10- wide range of habitats including marsh- 30(60) veins and 5 teeth, sometimes lands, deserts, and alpine regions, with strongly inflated; petals with entire, some forest epiphytes. Many are suitable notched, or bifid (rarely 4-fid) limb and in scale for the rock garden and are com- narrow claw, with or without coronal monly grown outside or in the alpine scales. Silenespp. are diverse, beautiful, house, although care must be taken in and with few exceptions, a cold-hardy selection and sitting since some species genus and can be used in a number of sit- can be invasive or will spread indefi- uations in the garden, such as in the rock nitely, swamping out less vigorous garden and in the alpine house. neighbors. 482 Sinningia: 480 Senecio: This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. Plant which belongs to the genus Sinningia. Plant which belongs to the genus Senecio. (1) Note. The genus Sinningia is part of the (1) Note. The genus Senecio is part of the Gesneriaceae family and includes some Compositae family and includes about 40 species of perennial, tuberous herbs 1000 species of trees, shrubs, lianes, and and shrubs, rarely rhizomatous; leaves herbs with alternate leaves, entire to var- opposite or in whorls, and often crowded iously lobed; capitula usually in at the base of the stem; flowers solitary corymbs, rarely solitary, usually radiate; or clustered in leaf axils, occasionally receptacle flat, naked; phyllaries mostly scented; campanulate to cylindric uniseriate, sometimes with shorter sub- corolla; limb broad, spreading, 2-lipped, sidiary phyllaries at base of capitulum lower lip 3-lobed, upper lip 2-lobed, lips (calyculus); ray florets usually female; often indistinct. Sinningiaspp. usually disc florets hermaphrodite, yellow, rarely occur in tropical zones with seasonal white or purple. Senecio is an enormous rainfall, and die back to the tuber in dry and extraordinarily diverse genus in periods. They are grown for their large terms of cultivation requirements, with a velvet-textured flowers; they require huge number of species that are scarcely intermediate to warm glasshouse protec- ornamental and many that prove noxious tion and may be successfully moved to and invasive weeds in habitat. The hardy the home or cooler glasshouse when in ornamental species include the group of flower. low growing alpine natives suited in scale to the rock garden, most of which 483 Solidago: are pioneering species of poor, dry grav- This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. elly soils. Plant which belongs to the genus Solidago.

481 Silene: (1) Note. The genus Solidago is part of the This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. Compositae family and may also be Plant which belongs to the genus Silene. referred to as Goldenrod. Solidago plants include about 100 species of perennial (1) Note. The genus Silene is part of the herbs with short rootstock or rhizome; Caryophyllaceae family and may also be stems simple at the base and branching referred to as Campion or Catchfly. below panicles; leaves alternate, often Silene includes about 500 species of dentate or in rosettes; capitula small, annual, biennial, or perennial herbs, radiate, usually many, in fascicles, often woody at the base and sometimes thyrses, or scorpioid or corymbose pani- suffruticose; inflorescence very varied, cles; involucre more or less cylindric; often few flowered, or flowers solitary; phyllaries imbricate in many rows; ray flowers usually hermaphrodite; but in florets few to several, female and yel- some species, unisexual flowers occur low; tubular disc florets, hermaphrodite, and a few species are strictly dioecious; and yellow. Solidago plants are suitable

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for larger herbaceous borders; the lobed; inflorescence an axillary or termi- hybrids and cultivars are greatly valued nal raceme, spike, or cyme; corolla not for their tolerance of a range of condi- spurred, tube long or short, straight or tions in cultivation and for their late curved upwards at apex, with 5 lobes, summer color, a number making excel- subequal or forming 2 lips. A charming lent cut flowers. The species occur in a compact perennial suitable for bedding range of habitats, and most are more schemes in cool regions or for perma- suitable for the wild garden and other nent edging where temperatures do not naturalistic plantings in conditions that fall below 5 C/40 F. approximate the conditions of those in habitat. 486 Tiarella: This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. 484 Stokesia: Plant which belongs to the genus Tiarella. This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. Plant which belongs to the genus Stokesia. (1) Note. The genus Tiarella is part of the Saxifragaceae family and may also be (1) Note. The genus Stokesia is part of the referred to as False Mitrewort or Sugar Compositae family and may also be Scoop. Tiarella plants include about 5 referred to as Stokes Aster. Stokesia species of rhizomatous perennial herbs, plants include 1 species of erect peren- which grow to 50 cm with basal, orbicu- nial herbs which grow to 1 m. with alter- lar, cordate, trifoliolate, dentate, or pal- nate, elliptic to oblong-lanceolate leaves, mate leaves and long petioles; racemose margins entire or spinose toward the scapose, simple or branched, and usually base; capitula radiate to 10 cm in diame- terminal; flowers small, white or red; ter, solitary and terminal or few to many sepals 5, fused at the base to form a cam- in a corymb; phyllaries in many series, panulate cup, lobes triangular; 5 petals, oblong to lanceolate; receptacle flat, clawed, elliptic to lanceolate or filiform. naked; florets white, yellow to pale lav- Tiarella plants are frost hardy in most ender to deep indigo; ray florets spread- northern temperate zones, although they ing, 5-lobed. Stokesia plants are grown will suffer from prolonged winter wet- for cutting and at the front of the herba- ness. They often provide autumn color ceous border for their pretty, fringed, and have fine foliage worthy of the treat- cornflower-like blooms carried over long ment accorded choicer specimens which periods, usually from summer into thrive on shady beds. Remove decayed autumn, although in climates approxi- leaves in winter and protect the rhizomes mate to the climates of those in habitat with a mulch of garden compost. Stokesia may bloom throughout the year. Tiarella plants require shade and a moist, The foliage makes an evergreen and win- humus-rich soil. ter-persistent basal rosette above a fleshy rootstock which is prone to rot in moist 487 Torenia: and heavy soils in winter. This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. Plant which belongs to the genus Torenia. 485 Sutera: This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. (1) Note. The genus Torenia is part of the Plant which belongs to the genus Sutera. Scrophulariaceae family and includes some 40 species of perennial or annual (1) Note. The genus Sutera is part of the herbs, glabrous to hirsute, branched, Scrophulariaceae family and may also be somewhat decumbent; opposite, entire, referred to as Jamesbrittenia or James- crenate leaves; inflorescence a short ter- brittenia grandiflora. Sutera plants minal or axillary raceme, short, few- include about 130 species of annual or flowered; calyx tubular, plicate or 3-5- perennial herbs, subshrubs, and small ribbed and – winged; corolla 2-lipped, shrubs with leaves usually opposite, tube cylindrical or dilated above, upper sometimes clustered, entire, toothed, or lip erect, concave, 2-cleft sometimes

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obscurely so, lower lip patent, 3-lobed. in tallow, were once used as candles; the Torenia plants are suited best for moist entire candelabra inflorescence has been soil, in part shade. used as a professional torch. The Romans used Verbascum cosmetically as 488 Tricyrtis: a hair dye, and its wooly foliage was This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. used by European peasants as a warm Plant which belongs to the genus Tricyrtis. lining for footwear. The seed when fed to fish was soporific and rendered them (1) Note. The genus Tricyrtis is part of the more easily poached. Liliaceae family and may also be referred to as Toad Lily. Tricyrtis plants 490 Zantedeschia or Calla Lily: include 10-16 species of perennial herbs This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. with short, creeping rhizomes; stems 20- Plant which belongs to the genus Zantedeschia. 110 cm, leafy, erect or arched, simple below or with few branches; leaves are (1) Note. The genus Zantedeschia is part of ovate to lanceolate, alternate, sometimes the Araceae family and may also be amplexicaul or subsessile, somewhat pli- referred to as Arum Lily or Calla Lily. cate, occasionally with dark green spots; Zantedeschia plants include 6 species of inflorescence terminal or in upper leaf rhizomatous perennial herbs which grow axils, erect, solitary, or cymose, loosely to 2.5m; rhizomes subterranean, fleshy, dichotomous; flowers white or yellow oblique, much branched; leaves to 45 with purple spots, bisexual, few, cam- cm+, borne from apex of rhizome, decid- panulate, with fairly long pedicels; uous or evergreen, lanceolate to orbicu- tepals, style and filaments usually spot- lar, base cuneate or truncate, or hastate, ted violet to red-purple. Tricyrtis plants sagittate to cordate, apex acute or obtuse are handsome perennials of elegant and with subulate tip, usually dark green, graceful habit, with upright arching spotted, or unspotted, margin undulate, stems clothed with attractive stem-clasp- main lateral veins united with marginal ing leaves. sometimes, also, with con- vein, minor veins reticular; petioles spicuous velvety down. They are grown spongy, long, often exceeding length of for their subtly colored flowers, of sub- lamina, sheathed at base, peduncle long, stantial waxen texture and curious form, often much exceeding foliage; spathe beautifully spotted and freckled with subcylindric to funnel-shaped, convolute contrasting shades of rich chocolate, pur- at base, apex often recurved, to 25 cm, ple, and maroon. ivory-white, cream, yellow, to pink or rosy-purple, often with purple blotch at 489 Verbascum: base within, persistent; spadix sessile to This subclass is indented under subclass 263.1. stipitate, much shorter than spathe, usu- Plant which belongs to the genus Verbascum. ally yellow, flowers unisexual, male and female zones adjacent, male much (1) Note. The genus Verbascum is part of the longer than female zone; perianth absent. Scrophulariaceae family and includes In recent years, cultivars with spathes in some 250-300 species of mostly biennial rich tones of pink, ruby, mauve, green, herbs, sometimes annual, perennial, or and yellow have enjoyed popularity as subshrubs with alternate leaves, usually pot plants and cut blooms. in a rosette, simple, entire, or crenately or sinuately lobed, sometimes pinnatifid, FOREIGN ART COLLECTIONS often soft, sometimes densely woolly; inflorescence often pachycaul, a spike, a The definitions below correspond to abolished sub- panicle or a raceme; flowers yellow, classes from which these collections were formed. See tawny, red, red-brown, purple, blue, or the Foreign Art Collection schedule of this Class for sometimes white; calyx deeply 5-parted; specific correspondences. [Note: The titles and defini- corolla rotate; tube short, 5 lobes, sub- tions for indented art collections include all the details equal. The erect resinous stems, dipped of the one(s) that are hierarchically superior.]

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FOR 100 HERBACEOUS ORNAMENTAL FLOWERING PLANT (E.G., NICO- TINIA, TRITOMA, DELPHINIUM, DICENTRA, LOBELIA, NASTUR- TIUM, ETC.) (PLT/263): This Foreign Art Collection is indented under the class definition. Foreign Art Col- lection including a plant which is herbaceous and principally characterized by and grown for its attractive blossoms (e.g., nicotinia, tritoma, delphinium, dicentra, lobelia, nasturtium, etc.).

(1) Note. Annuals, biennials, perennials and flowering “house plants” are proper for this subclass if not provided for specifi- cally elsewhere.

FOR 101 New Guinea (PLT/318): This Foreign Art Collection is indented under unnumbered placeholder PLT/FOR 317. Foreign Art Collection including impatiens which belongs to the species I. hawk - eri.

FOR 102 Petunia (PLT/356): This Foreign Art Collection is indented under PLT/FOR 100. Foreign Art Collection including a plant which belongs to the genus Petunia.

(1) Note. Petunias are characterized as being annual or perennial plants having pubescent stems, solitary flowers in upper leaf axils; having five-lobed calyx and five- lobed salviform to funnelform usually equally lobed, complete, ruffled or crimped corolla of solid, mixed, and varied color patterns.

END

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