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Il Caso Al-Muhajiroun: L’Opportunismo Come Mezzo Di Indottrinamento Jihadista

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Il Caso Al-Muhajiroun: L’Opportunismo Come Mezzo Di Indottrinamento Jihadista Corso di Laurea in Lingue, Economie e Istituzioni dell’Asia e dell’Africa Mediterranea LM40-15 Tesi di Laurea Il caso al-Muhajiroun: L’opportunismo come mezzo di indottrinamento jihadista Relatore Ch. Prof. Marco Salati Correlatore Ch. Prof. Barbara De Poli Laureando Irene Favalli Matricola 841700 Anno Accademico 2016 / 2017 ~ 1 ~ Indice p. 3. اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻤﺔ Introduzione . .p. 9 Capitolo I: Basi di pensiero salafita. .p. 12 Capitolo II: Nascita, crescita e diffusione di un gruppo jihadista. .p. 27 Biografia di Omar Bakri Muhammad. .p. 92 Biografia di Anjem Choudary. .p. 95 Capitolo III Ideologie, interpretazioni e contrasti. .p. 97 Bibliografia. .p. 124 Sitografia. .p. 126 Articoli in lingua araba. .p. 143 ~ 2 ~ اﻟﻤﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺗﺘﺤــــــــــــــــــﺪث ﻫــــــــــــــــــﺬە اﻷﻃﺮوﺣــــــــــــــــــﺔ ﻋــــــــــــــــــﻦ ﺣﺮﻛــــــــــــــــــﺔ "اﻟﻤﻬــــــــــــــــــﺎﺟﺮون" اﻟﻄﺎﻧــــــــــــــــــﺔ اﻷﺻــــــــــــــــــﻮﻟﺔ واـــــــﺪﻳﻮﻟﻮﺟﺎﻫﺎ وﺸـــــــﺄﺗﻬﺎ وﺗﺎرﺨﻬـــــــﺎ ﺣـــــــ اﻟﻴـــــــﻮم. ﺳـــــــﻤﻌﺖ اﺳـــــــﻢ ﻫـــــــﺪە اﻟﺤﺮﻛـــــــﺔ اﻟﻤـــــــﺮة اﻷو ﻋــــــﺎم 2013 ﺗﻘــــــﺎ، ﻋﻨــــــﺪﻣﺎ ﻗــــــﺮأت ﺻــــــﺤﻔﺔ ﺑﻄﺎﻧــــــﺔ ﻋــــــﻦ ﺣــــــﺎدث ﻋﺠــــــﺐ ﺟــــــﺪا ﻣــــــﻦ ﻧﻈــــــﺮي ﻣﺮﻛـــــــﺰ ﻣﺪﻳﻨـــــــﺔ ﻟﻨـــــــﺪن، ﺣـــــــﺚ أزﻋﺠـــــــﺖ ﻓﺮﻗـــــــﺔ ﻟﻠﻄﺠـــــــﺔ ﻌـــــــﺾ اﻷﺷـــــــﺨﺎص اﻟﺸـــــــﺎرع وﻛـــــــوا زﺟﺎﺟـــــــﺎت ﺑـــــــﺗﻬﻢ وأﻫـــــــﺎﻧﻮا ﻌــــــــﺾ اﻟﻔﺘـــــــﺎت ﺴـــــــﺐ ﻟﺎﺳــــــــﻬﻦ اﻟﻔﺎﺿـــــــﺢ وأﻀـــــــﺎ زوﺟـــــــﺎن ﺎﻧــــــــﺎ ﻤﺸـــــﺎن ا ﻟـــــﺪ اﻟـــــﺪ أﻣـــــﺎم ﻣﺴـــــﺠﺪ اﻟﺤـــــﺎرة "ﺗـــــﺎوﺮ ﺣـــــﺎﻣﻠﻴ" (Tower Hamlets) وﻓﻌﻠـــــﻮا ـــــﻞ ﻫــــــــﺬا ﻣــــــــﻦ اﺟــــــــﻞ ارﺟــــــــﺎع ـ اﻟـــــــﻌﺔ إ اﻟﺤــــــــﺎرة وﺴــــــــﺐ ذﻟــــــــﻚ ّﺳــــــــﻤﻮا اﻧﻔﺴــــــــﻬﻢ ﺎﻻﺳــــــــﻢ "ﺣــــــــ ّﺮاس ّ ـ اﻟـــــــﻌﺔ" وﻗــــــــﺮأت أﻀــــــــﺎ ان ــــــــﻞ أﻋﻀــــــــﺎء ﺣﺮﻛــــــــﺔ "اﻟﻤﻬــــــــﺎﺟون". أﺛــــــــﺎر ﻫــــــــﺬا اﻟﺤــــــــﺎدث اﻟﻔﻀــــــــﻮ ﻻ ﻣـــــــــــﺎ ﻓﻜـــــــــــﺮت اﻧـــــــــــﻪ ﻣـــــــــــﻦ اﻟﻤﻤﻜـــــــــــﻦ ان ﺤـــــــــــﺪث ﻣﺜـــــــــــﻞ ﻫـــــــــــﺬا اﺣـــــــــــﺪى أـــــــــــ اﻟﻌﺎﺻـــــــــــﻤﺎت ّ اﻻوروﺔ وﻟﻦ ﻟﻢ اﻋﻤﻖ ﻫﺬا اﻟﻤﻮﺿع ذﻟﻚ اﻟﻮﻗﺖ. ﻌــــــــــﺪ ﻌــــــــــﺾ ﺳــــــــــﻨﻮات، ﺣــــــــــﺚ ﻛﻨــــــــــﺖ اﺤــــــــــﺚ ﻋــــــــــﻦ ﻣﺼــــــــــﺎدر وﻛﺘــــــــــﺐ ﻣــــــــــﻦ اﺟــــــــــﻞ ﻛﺘﺎــــــــــﺔ أﻃﺮوﺣـــــــﺔ ﺣـــــــﻮل ﺗﻄـــــــﺮف اﻹﺳـــــــﻼم اوروـــــــﺎ، وﺟـــــــﺪت ﻣـــــــﺮة ﺛﺎﻧـــــــﺔ اﺳـــــــﻢ ﺣﺮﻛـــــــﺔ "اﻟﻤﻬـــــــﺎﺟﺮون" ﻌــــــــﺾ اﻟﻤﻘــــــــﺎﻻت اﻟــــــــ ﺗﺤــــــــﺪﺛﺖ ﻋــــــــﻦ ﻗﺘــــــــﻞ اﻟﺠﻨــــــــﺪي اﻟ ﻄــــــــﺎ " رﺠــــــــ" ﺷــــــــﺎرع ﻣﺮﻛــــــــﺰ ~ 3 ~ ﻟﻨـــــــــﺪن وﺤﺜـــــــــﺖ ﻋـــــــــﻦ ﻌـــــــــﺾ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣـــــــــﺎت ﺣـــــــــﻮل ﻫـــــــــﺬە اﻟﺤﺮﻛـــــــــﺔ ووﺟـــــــــﺪت ﻛﺜـــــــــا ﻣـــــــــﻦ اﻟﻤﻘـــــــــﺎﻻت ُ اﻻﺧﺎرــــــــﺔ او اﻟﺸــــــــﻌﺔ واﻟﻔــــــــﺪﻳﻮﻫﺎت وﻟــــــــﻦ ﻗﻠــــــــﻼ ﻣــــــــﻦ اﻟﺘــــــــﺐ واﻟﺪراﺳــــــــﺎت اﻟﻌﻠﻤــــــــﺔ وﻟــــــــﺬﻟﻚ ّ ﻓﻜـــــــﺮت ان ﻫـــــــﺬە اﻟﺤﺮﻛـــــــﺔ ﻤﻜـــــــﻦ ان ﺗﻜـــــــﻮن ﻣﻮﺿـــــــﻮﻋﺎ ﻣﻬﻤـــــــﺎ ﺟـــــــﺪا ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻤﻴـــــــﻖ أﻃـــــــﺮوﺣ : ﻣـــــــﺎ ﺣﺮﻛـــــــــﺔ "اﻟﻤﻬـــــــــﺎﺟﺮون"؟ ﻣـــــــــﺎ ﻋﻘـــــــــﺪﺗﻬﺎ وﺗﺎرﺨﻬـــــــــﺎ ﺑﻄﺎﻧـــــــــﺎ و اﻟﻌـــــــــﺎﻟﻢ؟ ﻣـــــــــﺎ اﺸـــــــــﻄﺘﻬﺎ وﻣــــــــﻦ ﻫــــــــﻢ ﻗﺎدﺗﻬــــــــﺎ؟ ﺗﺤــــــــﺎول ﻫــــــــﺬە اﻷﻃﺮوﺣــــــــﺔ أن ﺗﺠــــــــﺐ ﻋــــــــ ﻫــــــــﺬە اﻷﺳــــــــﺌﻠﺔ وﻟــــــــﻦ ﻟﺴــــــــﺖ اﻟﻌﺠﺮﻓــــــــﺔ ﻻﻋــــــــﻼن ان ﺤــــــــ ﺎﻣــــــــﻞ وآﻣــــــــﻞ ﺎﻧــــــــﻪ ﺳــــــــﻜﻮن اﻟﻘﺎﻋــــــــﺪة ﻟﺴﻠﺴــــــــﻠﺔ أﺤــــــــﺎث و دراﺳــــــــﺎت اﺧﺮى اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﻞ. ّﻗﺴـــــــــــــﻤﺖ ﻫـــــــــــــﺬە اﻷﻃﺮوﺣـــــــــــــﺔ ا ﺛﻼﺛـــــــــــــﺔ ﻓﺼـــــــــــــﻮل: اﻟﻔﺼـــــــــــــﻞ اﻻول ﻫـــــــــــــﻮ ﻣﻘﺪﻣـــــــــــــﺔ وﺟـــــــــــــة ﻟﻌﻘــــــــــــــﺪة وﺗـــــــــــــــﺎرــــﺦ اﻟﺤﺮﻛـــــــــــــــﺔ اﻟﺴـــــــــــــــﻠﻔﺔ واﻟﻮﻫﺎ ّﺑ ـــــــــــــــﺔ واﻹرﻫﺎﺑـــــــــــــــﺔ وﻫﺪﻓـــــــــــــــﻪ ﺗﻮﺿـــــــــــــــﻴﺢ اﻟﻤﻔـــــــــــــــﺎﻫﻢ اﻷﺳﺎﺳــــــــــﺔ ﻟﻬــــــــــﺬە اﻟﺤﺮــــــــــﺎت اﻟــــــــــ ﺳــــــــــﺘﻜﻮن ﻧﺎﻓﻌــــــــــﺔ ﺟــــــــــﺪا ﻟﻠﻔﺼــــــــــﻠ اﻵﺧــــــــــﻦ وﺳﺴــــــــــﺎﻋﺪ ﻓﻬــــــــــﻢ اﻟﻘــــــﺎرئ ﻏــــــ اﻟ ﺨﺒــــــ. ﻳﺘﺤــــــﺪت ﻫــــــﺬا اﻟﻔﺼــــــﻞ ﺼــــــﻮرة وﺟــــــة ﻋــــــﻦ اﻹﺻــــــ ﻼﺣﻴ اﻹﺳــــــ ﻼﻣﻴ ﻣﺜــــــﻞ ﻣﺤﻤـــــــــﺪ ﻋـــــــــﺪە وﺟﻤـــــــــﺎل اﻟـــــــــﺪﯾﻦ اﻻﻓﻐـــــــــﺎ و ﻣﺤﻤـــــــــﺪ رﺷـــــــــﺪ رﺿـــــــــﺎ وﻧﻈـــــــــﺎﺗﻬﻢ ﻹﺻـــــــــﻼح اﻹﺳـــــــــﻼم واﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻌــــــﺎت اﻹﺳــــــﻼﻣﺔ ﻣـــــــﻦ اﺟــــــﻞ اﻟﺮﺟــــــ ع ا اﻟﻨﻘـــــــﺎء اﻟــــــﺬي ــــــﺎن ﻟﻬـــــــﻢ ﺧــــــﻼل اﻷﺟــــــﺎل اﻟﺜﻼﺛـــــــﺔ اﻷو ﻌــــــــــﺪ ﺗــــــــــﻞ اﻟﻨــــــــــ ﻣﺤﻤــــــــــﺪ اﻟﻤﻌــــــــــﺮوﻓ ﺎﺳــــــــــﻢ "اﻟﺴــــــــــﻠﻒ اﻟﺼــــــــــﺎﻟﺢ" وﻌــــــــــﺪ ذﻟــــــــــﻚ وﺿــــــــــﺢ اﻟﻔﺼــــــﻞ ﺗﻄــــــﻮر اﻟﻤــــــﺬﻫﺐ اﻟﺴــــــﻠ وﺗﻮﺣــــــﺪە ﺎﻟﻤــــــﺬﻫﺐ اﻟــــــﺬي أﺳﺴــــــﻪ ﻣﺤﻤــــــﺪ ﺑــــــﻦ ﻋــــــﺪ اﻟﻮﻫــــــﺎب وﻟـــــــــﺬﻟﻚ ﻌـــــــــﺮف ﺎﺳـــــــــﻢ "اﻟﻮﻫﺎﺑـــــــــﺔ" وـــــــــ ﺘ ﻫـــــــــﺬا اﻟﺠـــــــــﺰء ﻟﻠﻔﺼـــــــــﻞ ﺑﻮﺻـــــــــﻒ اﻟﻌﻘـــــــــﺪة اﻟﺴـــــــــﻠﻔﺔ اﻟﻤﻌــــــــﺎة. أﻣــــــــﺎ اﻟﺠــــــــﺰء اﻟﺜــــــــﺎ ﻓﻴﺘﺤــــــــﺪث ﻋــــــــﻦ ﺗﺄﺳــــــــﺲ اﻟﺤﺮﻛــــــــﺔ اﻟﺠﻬﺎدــــــــﺔ او اﻻرﻫﺎﺑــــــــﺔ وﻧﻤﻮﻫــــــــﺎ ﻣـــــــــﻦ أﻓﻐﺎﺴــــــــــﺘﺎن ا اﻟﻌــــــــــﺎﻟﻢ ﻠــــــــــﻪ ﻔﻀــــــــــﻞ أﺳــــــــــﺎﻣﺔ ﺑــــــــــﻦ ﻻدن وﺗﻨﻈﻤــــــــــﻪ اﻟﻘﺎﻋــــــــــﺪة وﺎﻻﺿــــــــــﺎﻓﺔ إ ذﻟﻚ ﺼﻒ ﻫﺬا اﻟﺠﺮء اﻟﻌﻘﺪة اﻟﺠﻬﺎدﺔ أﻀﺎ. اﻟﻔﺼـــــــﻞ اﻟﺜـــــــﺎ، وﻫـــــــﻮ اﻟﻔﺼـــــــﻞ اﻷﻃـــــــﻮل ﻟﻸﻃﺮوﺣـــــــﺔ، ﺤﻠـــــــﻞ ﺗـــــــﺎرــــﺦ ﺣﺮﻛـــــــﺔ "اﻟﻤﻬـــــــﺎﺟ ﺮون" ّ ّ ّ اﺑﺘــــــــــﺪاء ﻣــــــــــﻦ ﺗﺄﺳﺴــــــــــﻬﺎ ﻣﺪﻳﻨــــــــــﺔ ﺟــــــــــﺪ ة اﻟﻤﻤﻠــــــــــﺔ اﻟﻌــــــــــﺔ اﻟﺴــــــــــﻌﻮد ﺔ ﻋــــــــــﺎم 1983 او أــــــــــ اﺣﺘﻤـــــــﺎﻻ ﻣﺪﻳﻨــــــــﺔ ﻟﻨـــــــﺪن ﻋــــــــﺎم 1996 وـــــــﺎن ﻣﺆﺳﺴــــــــﻬﺎ ﻋﻤـــــــﺮ ﻜــــــــﺮي ﻣﺤﻤـــــــﺪ ﻓﺴــــــــﺘﻖ اﻟـــــــﺬي وﻟــــــــﺪ ﺣﻠـــــــﺐ ﻋــــــــﺎم 1958 ﻟﻌﺎﺋﻠــــــــﺔ ﻏﻨــــــــﺔ وﻣﻨــــــــﺬ ــــــــﺎن ﺻــــــــﻐا اﻧﻀــــــــﻢ ا ﺟﻤﺎﻋــــــــﺔ اﻻﺧــــــــﻮان اﻟﻤﺴــــــــﻠﻤ ~ 4 ~ وﻌـــــــــﺪ ذﻟـــــــــﻚ ﻣـــــــــﺮة ا ﺣـــــــــﺰب اﻟﺘﺤـــــــــﺮ. ﻛﻌﻀـــــــــﻮ ﺣـــــــــﺰب اﻟﺘﺤـــــــــﺮ اﻧﺘﻘـــــــــﻞ ا اﻟﻌـــــــــﺔ اﻟﺴـــــــــﻌﻮدﺔ وﻟــــــﻦ اﻟﺴــــــﻠﻄﺎت اﻟﺴــــــﻌﻮدﺔ ﻃﺮدﺗــــــﻪ ﺴــــــﺐ دﻋﺎﻳﺘــــــﻪ ﻟﺼــــــﺎﻟﺢ ﺣــــــﺰب اﻟﺘﺤــــــﺮ. ﻌــــــﺪ ذﻟــــــﻚ اﻧﺘﻘــــــﻞ ّ ا ﺑﻄﺎﻧـــــﺎ وﻟـــــﻦ ﻋـــــﺎن ﻣـــــﺎ ﺷـــــ ﺖ ﺑﻨـــــﻪ وـــــ ﻗـــــﺎدة ﺣـــــﺰب اﻟﺘﺤـــــﺮ ﻌـــــﺾ اﻟﺘﻨﺎﻗﻀـــــﺎت ﻟـــــﺬﻟﻚ ّ ﺗﺮك اﻟﺤﺰب وأﺳﺲ ﺣﺮﻛﺘﻪ، ﻌ "اﻟﻤﻬﺎﺟﺮون". ﺑـــــــــــ ﻋـــــــــــﺎم 1996 و2017 ـــــــــــﺎن ﻟﺤﺮﻛـــــــــــﺔ "اﻟﻤﻬـــــــــــﺎﺟﺮون" ﺿـــــــــــﻠع 24 ﻫﺠﻤـــــــــــﺔ ارﻫﺒـــــــــــﺔ واﻗﻨـــــــــــﺎع ﻣﺌـــــــــــﺎت ﻣـــــــــــﻦ اﻟﺸـــــــــــﺎب اﻟـــــــــــﺬي ﺳـــــــــــﻌﻮا ا دﻋـــــــــــﺎﻳﺘﻬﻢ ﻟﻺﻧﻀـــــــــــﻤﺎم ا اﻟﻘﺎﻋـــــــــــﺪة أو داﻋـــــــــــﺶ وﺎﻟﻘﺘـــــــــــﺎل ﺳـــــــــــﻮرﺎ ﺿـــــــــــﺪ ﺸـــــــــــﺎر اﻷﺳـــــــــــﺪ. ﺧﺎﺻـــــــــــﺔ ﺑـــــــــــ ﻋـــــــــــﺎم 1996 و 2004 اﻟﻣـــــــــــﺖ ﺣﺮﻛـــــــــــﺔ "اﻟﻤﻬــــــﺎﺟﺮون" ﺑﺘﺠﻨــــــﺪ أﻋﻀــــــﺎء ﺟــــــﺪد ﻟﻠﻄﺎﺋﻔــــــﺔ وﻣــــــﻦ اﺟــــــﻞ ذﻟــــــﻚ ــــــﺪأت ﺣﻤﻠــــــﺔ دﻋﺎﺋــــــﺔ ﺿــــــﺨﻤﺔ اﻣــــــــﺎم اﻟﻤﺴــــــــﺎﺟﺪ وداﺧــــــــﻞ اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌــــــــﺎت ــــــــﻞ اﻟﻤﻤﻠــــــــﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﺤــــــــﺪة. اﺷــــــــﺘﻤﻠﺖ ﻫــــــــﺬە اﻟﺤﻤﻠــــــــﺔ ﻋــــــــ دروس ﻟﻄـــــــﻼب اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻌــــــــﺔ وﻣـــــــﺆﺗﻤﺮات ﺣــــــــﻮل ﺗـــــــﺎرــــﺦ اﻹﺳــــــــﻼم أو وﺿـــــــﻊ اﻟﻌــــــــﺎﻟﻢ اﻟﻌـــــــﺮ اﻟﻤﻌــــــــﺎ وﻣــــــــﺆاﻣﺮة اﻟﻮﻻــــــــﺎت اﻟﻤﺘﺤــــــــﺪة اﻻﻣﺎﻧــــــــﺔ واﺋــــــــﻞ واﻟﻠــــــــﺪان اﻷوروــــــــﺔ ﺿــــــــﺪ اﻹﺳــــــــﻼم وﻣﻬﻤــــــــﺔ اﻟﺠﻬـــــــــــﺎد ﻣـــــــــــﻦ اﺟـــــــــــﻞ ﺗﺤـــــــــــﺮ أﻓﻐﺎﺴـــــــــــﺘﺎن واﻟﻠـــــــــــﺪان اﻟﻌـــــــــــﺔ وﺎﻹﺿـــــــــــﺎﻓﺔ اﻟـــــــــــﺬﻟﻚ ﺎﻧـــــــــــﺖ ﺣﺮﻛـــــــــــﺔ "اﻟﻤﻬــــــــﺎﺟﺮون" ﺗــــــــﻨﻈﻢ ﺎﺴــــــــﺘﺎن ﻟﻸﻋﻀــــــــﺎﺋﻪ اﻟــــــــﺬﻳﻦ ــــــــﺎﻧﻮا ﻳــــــــﺪون اﻟﺘــــــــﺪرﺐ اﻟﻌﺴــــــــﻜﺮي ا ﻣﺨﻤــــــــــــــﺎت اﻟﻘﺎﻋــــــــــــــﺪة. زــــــــــــــﺎدة ﻋــــــــــــــ ذﻟــــــــــــــﻚ رﻴــــــــــــــﻊ ﻋــــــــــــــﺎم 2003 ﻋﻀــــــــــــــﻮان ﺳــــــــــــــﺎﻘﺎن ﻟﺤﺮﻛــــــــــــــﺔ ّ "اﻟﻤﻬـــــــــﺎﺟﺮون" ﻓﺠـــــــــﺮا ﻧﻔﺴـــــــــﻴﻬﻤﺎ ﻣﻘـــــــــ ﻋـــــــــ ﻃـــــــــﻖ ﻣﺤﺎذـــــــــﺔ ﻟﺸـــــــــﺎ اﻟﺤـــــــــﺮ ﺗـــــــــﻞ أﺑـــــــــﺐ و اﻟﺴـــــــﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﻮاﻟـــــــﺔ اﻋﺘﻘﻠـــــــﺖ اﻟﻤﺨـــــــﺎﺑﺮات اﻟﻄﺎﻧـــــــﺔ ﺟﻤﺎﻋـــــــﺔ إرﻫﺎﺑـــــــﺔ ﺻـــــــﻐة ﻌـــــــﺪ ﺗﺤﻘﻘـــــــﺎت ّ ﻣﺴـــــــﺘﻤﺮة ﻟﻌـــــــﺪة ﺷـــــــﻬﻮر وﻛﺸـــــــﻔﺖ أن أﻋﻀـــــــﺎﺋﻬﺎ ـــــــﺎﻧﻮا ﻣـــــــﻦ أﻋﻀـــــــﺎء ﺣﺮﻛـــــــﺔ "اﻟﻤﻬـــــــﺎﺟﺮون" واﺷـــــــﺘﻤﻞ ﻫﺪﻓﻬﻢ ﻋ ﺗﻔﺠ أﻧﺎﺑﺐ اﻟﻐﺎز وﻣﻌﺎﺪ اﻟﻴﻬﻮد واﻟﻤ ﻼ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﻟﻨﺪن. وﻟـــــــــــﻦ ﻌـــــــــــﺪ اﻟﻬﺠﺎﻣـــــــــــﺎت اﻻرﻫﺎﺑـــــــــــﺔ ﺿـــــــــــﺪ اﻟ ﺟـــــــــــ اﻟﺘـــــــــــﻮأﻣ ﺳـــــــــــﺘﻨ اﻠـــــــــــﻮل ﻋـــــــــــﺎم 2001 ـــــــﺪأت ﺣﻜﻮﻣـــــــﺎت ـــــــﻞ اﻟﻠـــــــﺪان اﻟﻐـــــــﺔ ﻘﻤـــــــﻊ ـــــــﻞ اﻟﺤﺮـــــــﺎت اﻹﺳـــــــﻼﻣﺔ اﻟﻤﺘﻄﺮﻓـــــــﺔ وﻣـــــــﻦ ﺑﻨﻬـــــــــﺎ ﺣﺮﻛـــــــــﺔ "اﻟﻤﻬـــــــــﺎﺟﺮون" وﻗﺎدﺗﻬـــــــــﺎ ﻋﻤـــــــــﺮ ﻜـــــــــﺮي ﻣﺤﻤـــــــــﺪ واﻧﺠـــــــــﻢ ﺸـــــــــﻮداري وﻟـــــــــﺬﻟﻚ ﻋـــــــــﺎم 2004 أﻋﻠـــــــــﻦ ﻋﻤـــــــــﺮ ﻜـــــــــﺮي ﻣﺤﻤـــــــــﺪ ﺸـــــــــﺖ اﻟﺤﺮﻛـــــــــﺔ ﻣـــــــــﻦ اﺟـــــــــﻞ ﺗﺠﻨـــــــــﺐ ﺟﻤـــــــــﺔ اﻟﺨـــــــــﺮوج ﻋـــــــــﻦ اﻟﻘــــــــــﺎﻧﻮن وﻟــــــــــﻦ ﻌــــــــــﺪ ﻗﻠــــــــــﻞ ﻣــــــــــﻦ اﻟــــــــــﺰﻣﻦ أﻋﻠــــــــــﻦ ﻋــــــــــﻦ ﺗﺄﺳــــــــــﺲ ﺣﻜــــــــــﺮﺗ ﺟﺪــــــــــ ﺪﺗ " اﻟﻐــــــــــﺎء" ~ 5 ~ و"اﻟﻔﺮﻗــــــــــﺔ اﻟﻨﺎﺟــــــــــﺔ" و اﻟﺴــــــــــﻨﺔ اﻟﻤﻮاﻟــــــــــﺔ اﻀــــــــــﺎ ﺣﺮﻛــــــــــﺔ "اﻫــــــــــﻞ اﻟﺴــــــــــﻨﺔ واﻟﺠﻤﺎﻋــــــــــﺔ".
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