Where Was the Treaty of Kadesh Found
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Amarna Period Down to the Opening of Sety I's Reign
oi.uchicago.edu STUDIES IN ANCIENT ORIENTAL CIVILIZATION * NO.42 THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO Thomas A. Holland * Editor with the assistance of Thomas G. Urban oi.uchicago.edu oi.uchicago.edu Internet publication of this work was made possible with the generous support of Misty and Lewis Gruber THE ROAD TO KADESH A HISTORICAL INTERPRETATION OF THE BATTLE RELIEFS OF KING SETY I AT KARNAK SECOND EDITION REVISED WILLIAM J. MURNANE THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO STUDIES IN ANCIENT ORIENTAL CIVILIZATION . NO.42 CHICAGO * ILLINOIS oi.uchicago.edu Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 90-63725 ISBN: 0-918986-67-2 ISSN: 0081-7554 The Oriental Institute, Chicago © 1985, 1990 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. Published 1990. Printed in the United States of America. oi.uchicago.edu TABLE OF CONTENTS List of M aps ................................ ................................. ................................. vi Preface to the Second Edition ................................................................................................. vii Preface to the First Edition ................................................................................................. ix List of Bibliographic Abbreviations ..................................... ....................... xi Chapter 1. Egypt's Relations with Hatti From the Amarna Period Down to the Opening of Sety I's Reign ...................................................................... ......................... 1 The Clash of Empires -
Title 'Expanding the History of the Just
Title ‘Expanding the History of the Just War: The Ethics of War in Ancient Egypt.’ Abstract This article expands our understanding of the historical development of just war thought by offering the first detailed analysis of the ethics of war in ancient Egypt. It revises the standard history of the just war tradition by demonstrating that just war thought developed beyond the boundaries of Europe and existed many centuries earlier than the advent of Christianity or even the emergence of Greco-Roman thought on the relationship between war and justice. It also suggests that the creation of a prepotent ius ad bellum doctrine in ancient Egypt, based on universal and absolutist claims to justice, hindered the development of ius in bello norms in Egyptian warfare. It is posited that this development prefigures similar developments in certain later Western and Near Eastern doctrines of just war and holy war. Acknowledgements My thanks to Anthony Lang, Jr. and Cian O’Driscoll for their insightful and instructive comments on an early draft of this article. My thanks also to the three anonymous reviewers and the editorial team at ISQ for their detailed feedback in preparing the article for publication. A version of this article was presented at the Stockholm Centre for the Ethics of War and Peace (June 2016), and I express my gratitude to all the participants for their feedback. James Turner Johnson (1981; 1984; 1999; 2011) has long stressed the importance of a historical understanding of the just war tradition. An increasing body of work draws our attention to the pre-Christian origins of just war thought.1 Nonetheless, scholars and politicians continue to overdraw the association between Christian political theology and the advent of just war thought (O’Driscoll 2015, 1). -
Empires Text PROOF4 PAGES Copy
TWELVE GREAT BATTLES IN ANTIQUITY STONE TOWER BOOKS AN IMPRINT OF LAMPION PRESS SILVERTON, OR When Empires Clash Copyright © 2015 Patrick Hunt All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means including information storage and retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the author. The only exception is by a reviewer, who may quote short excerpts in a review. Lampion Press, LLC P. O. Box 932 Silverton, OR 97381 Paperback ISBN: 978-1-942614-12-8 Hardback ISBN: 978-1-942614-13-5 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015956932 Formatting and cover design by Amy Cole, JPL Design Solutions Maps by A. D. Riddle, RiddleMaps.com Front cover illustration: “Battle of Marathon,” (“Schlacht bei Marathon”) by Karl von Rotteck (1842), akg-images.co.uk, Used with permission. Printed in the United States of America Table of ConTenTs Preface ............................................................................................1 ChApTER 1 The Battle of Kadesh (1274 BCE) .................................7 ChApTER 2 The Battle of Nineveh (612 BCE) ................................19 ChApTER 3 The Battle of Marathon (490 BCE) ..............................31 ChApTER 4 The Battle of Issus (333 BCE) .....................................45 ChApTER 5 The Battle of Trebbia (218 BCE) .................................63 ChApTER 6 The Battle of Cannae (216 BCE) .................................77 ChApTER 7 The Battle of Cartagena (209 BCE) .............................95 ChApTER 8 The Battle -
Israel's Conquest of Canaan: Presidential Address at the Annual Meeting, Dec
Israel's Conquest of Canaan: Presidential Address at the Annual Meeting, Dec. 27, 1912 Author(s): Lewis Bayles Paton Reviewed work(s): Source: Journal of Biblical Literature, Vol. 32, No. 1 (Apr., 1913), pp. 1-53 Published by: The Society of Biblical Literature Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3259319 . Accessed: 09/04/2012 16:53 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The Society of Biblical Literature is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of Biblical Literature. http://www.jstor.org JOURNAL OF BIBLICAL LITERATURE Volume XXXII Part I 1913 Israel's Conquest of Canaan Presidential Address at the Annual Meeting, Dec. 27, 1912 LEWIS BAYLES PATON HARTFORD THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY problem of Old Testament history is more fundamental NO than that of the manner in which the conquest of Canaan was effected by the Hebrew tribes. If they came unitedly, there is a possibility that they were united in the desert and in Egypt. If their invasions were separated by wide intervals of time, there is no probability that they were united in their earlier history. Our estimate of the Patriarchal and the Mosaic traditions is thus conditioned upon the answer that we give to this question. -
Battle of Kadesh-Warfare and Military Organization During the 13Th Century B.C
Department of History and Archaeology MA in Greek and Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology: From the Bronze Age Palaces to the Hellenistic Kingdoms Battle of Kadesh-Warfare and Military Organization during the 13th century B.C. MA Dissertation Liu Yan Supervisor: Konstantinos Kopanias Associate Professor in the Archaeology of the Eastern Mediterranean Athens, 2019 Members of Committee Konstantinos Kopanias, Associate Professor in the Archaeology of the Eastern Mediterranean Eleni Mantzourani, Professor of Prehistoric Archaeology Giorgos Vavouranakis, Associate Professor of Prehistoric Archaeology ii ABSTRACT The Battle of Kadesh in 1274 B.C is perhaps the most famous and best documented battle in the Bronze Age. Through a review of the Battle of Kadesh and the subsequent military organizations of major civilizations in 13th century B.C, this dissertation aims to synthesize our current knowledge about military history in different civilizations around the ancient world in the 13th century B.C. By employing a cross-cultural comparative method, I aim to examine the systems of military organization and the exchanging of military technologies between different ancient civilizations during this period, such a Egypt, Hittite, Yin-Shang China and Mycenaean Greece. The different system of socio-political organization is reflected in the warfare as well as the military organizations of these different civilizations. Through the comparison of the military organizations of the Egyptian, Hittite, Yin-Shang and Mycenaean civilizations, we see more similarities in the first three kingdoms, potentially due to the similar nature of the social-political system in Egypt, Hittite and Yin-Shang. The image of military organization in Mycenaean states is not very clear since their social-political system and scale were drastically different from Egypt, Hittite and Yin-Shang, making it very difficult to draw any assumptions from the archaeological record. -
Famous Bronze Age Rock Sanctuary Interpreted As a Lunisolar Calendar
Media Release Famous Bronze Age Rock Sanctuary Interpreted as a Lunisolar Calendar The artistically carved figures in Yazılıkaya, one of the holiest places of the ancient Hittite culture (ca. 1600–1190 BC), in today’s central Turkey, apparently served as a device to establish a calendar. It turns out that the religions of Bronze Age cultures in the eastern Mediterranean were more oriented toward the sun, the moon, and the stars than previously thought. Zurich, Switzerland, 19 June 2019 – The rock sanctuary of Yazılıkaya in central Asia Minor consists of a limestone outcrop with two inner courts in which more than 90 figures were carved in stone around 1230 BC. It is one of the most fascinating archaeological sites in the world and as such a UNESCO World Heritage Site. An interdisciplinary team of Swiss archaeologists and natural scientists has now discovered that Yazılıkaya could have functioned perfectly as a system to establish and maintain a lunisolar calendar – it can even be used this way today. The Zurich-based geoarchaeologist Eberhard Zangger, president of the Luwian Studies foundation, and Rita Gautschy, archaeologist and astronomer at the Institute of Archeology at the University of Basel, will publish the results of their study on the upcoming summer solstice (21 June) in the Journal of Skyscape Archeology. The peer-reviewed open access publication is available for free download at https://luwianstudies.academia.edu/EZangger. Yazılıkaya has been known to European scholars since 1834 and has attracted a great deal of public interest since its discovery by the French traveler Charles Texier. To date, however, no satisfactory explanation for the actual function of the complex could be found. -
The Melammu Project
THE MELAMMU PROJECT http://www.aakkl.helsinki.fi/melammu/ “Back to Delitzsch and Jeremias. The Relevance of the Pan-Babylonian School to the Melammu Project” SIMO PARPOLA Published in Melammu Symposia 4: A. Panaino and A. Piras (eds.), Schools of Oriental Studies and the Development of Modern Historiography. Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Symposium of the Assyrian and Babylonian Intellectual Heritage Project. Held in Ravenna, Italy, October 13-17, 2001 (Milan: Università di Bologna & IsIao 2004), pp. 237-47. Publisher: http://www.mimesisedizioni.it/ This article was downloaded from the website of the Melammu Project: http://www.aakkl.helsinki.fi/melammu/ The Melammu Project investigates the continuity, transformation and diffusion of Mesopotamian culture throughout the ancient world. A central objective of the project is to create an electronic database collecting the relevant textual, art-historical, archaeological, ethnographic and linguistic evidence, which is available on the website, alongside bibliographies of relevant themes. In addition, the project organizes symposia focusing on different aspects of cultural continuity and evolution in the ancient world. The Digital Library available at the website of the Melammu Project contains articles from the Melammu Symposia volumes, as well as related essays. All downloads at this website are freely available for personal, non-commercial use. Commercial use is strictly prohibited. For inquiries, please contact [email protected]. PARPOLA T HE RELEVANCE OF THE PAN -B ABYLONIAN SCHOOL TO THE MELAMMU PROJECT SIMO PARPOLA Helsinki Back to Delitzsch and Jeremias: The Relevance of the Pan-Babylonian School to the M ELAMMU Project lmost exactly one hundred years other countries. -
The {Amârnah Texts a Century After Flinders Petrie
ANES 39 (2002) 44-75 The {Amârnah Texts a Century after Flinders Petrie Anson F. RAINEY International Visiting Research Scholar Centre for Classics and Archaeology University of Melbourne Victoria 3010 AUSTRALIA E-mail: [email protected] Abstract The ensuing remarks seek to elucidate some of the central issues in the study of the cuneiform texts discovered at Tell el-¨Amârnah in Egypt. Progress in the study of the language, the social structure of Canaan at that time and certain historical problems will be reviewed. After an accidental find by a village woman in 1887. Sir William Matthew Flinders Petrie was the first modern scholar to conduct archaeological excavations at the actual site. His work determined the probable spot where the tablets had been deposited when the ancient town was abandoned. Subsequently, Petrie articulated various interpretations of the evidence from the archaeological finds and also from the inscriptions. During the twentieth century, research was continued on all the many facets of these momentous discoveries. The focus in this paper is on the cuneiform epistles, the international and parochial correspondence that involved the Egyptian gov- ernment.* * The present article is an expansion of the ‘2002 Flinders Petrie Oration,’ delivered on behalf of the Australian Institute of Archaeology and the Archaeological Research Unit, The School of Ecology and Environment, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia, on 30 August, 2002. A much shorter version had been presented under the title, ‘The ¨Amârnah Tablets — A Late Bronze Age Phenomenon,’ at the Joint Meeting of the Midwest Region of the Society of Biblical Literature, the Middle West Branch of the American Oriental Society and the American Schools of Oriental Research—Midwest, Wheaton, IL., 16-18 February, 1997. -
Mr. Crookes and the Transformation of Heat-Radiations Into Matter
NATURE [Apr£! 5, 1 888 should be read, a multiplied by b, the symbol a.b or ab should ing eye-piece of Zeiss, I find it very difficult to decide what shape mean a multiplied into b, so that ax b and b.a or ab are identical. it is, but I think it is not spherical. Perhaps a compromise might be effected on this basis in the I think Mr. Irving will find references to the literature of notation of quaternion multiplication. chromo-genic micro-organisms in Crookshank's " Manual of The "unnamed French mathematician" who is quoted in the Bacteriology." HENRY ROBINSON. notice in question as asserting that quaternions have no sense in The University Chemical Laboratory, Cambridge. them, is stated by M. Laisant to have been M. Prouhet, and to have expressed this opinion in the Nouvelles Annates de Matht!matique (1863, p. 333), in reviewing the first work Comet a 1888 (Sawerthal). published in French on quaternions, the author of which was M. Allegre!. W. STEADMAN ALDIS. I SAW comet Sawerthal to-day at 3.40 a.m., with power 20 Auckland, New Zealand, Fehuary 20. on a 4±-inch refractor. It was about so' immediately below 0 Pegasi, and had a bright broad tail, which I could only dis tinguish to a length of 65', on account of the twilight, moon light, and the comet's low altitude. I thought the tail was Mr. Crookes and the Transformation of Heat slightly curved, concave to south ; it pointed on the average to a Radiations into Matter. -
“The Sherden in His Majesty's Captivity”: a Comparative Look At
1 “The Sherden in His Majesty’s Captivity”: A Comparative Look at the Mercenaries of New Kingdom Egypt Jordan Snowden Rhodes College Honors History Word Count (including citations and bibliography): 38098 Introduction----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 Chapter 1: How They Were Recruited---------------------------------------------------------------------6 Chapter 2: How They Fought------------------------------------------------------------------------------36 Chapter 3: How They Were Paid and Settled------------------------------------------------------------80 Conclusion: How They Were Integrated----------------------------------------------------------------103 Bibliography------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------125 2 Introduction Mercenary troops have been used by numerous states throughout history to supplement their native armies with skilled foreign soldiers – Nepali Gurkhas have served with distinction in the armies of India and the United Kingdom for well over a century, Hessians fought for Great Britain during the American Revolution, and even the Roman Empire supplemented its legions with foreign “auxiliary” units. Perhaps the oldest known use of mercenaries dates to the New Kingdom of ancient Egypt (1550-1069 BCE). New Kingdom Egypt was a powerful military empire that had conquered large parts of Syria, all of Palestine, and most of Nubia (today northern Sudan). Egyptian pharaohs of this period were truly -
Chariots of Fire Scenario Book 1 the Great Battles of History Series — Volume XIV CHARIOTS of FIRE WARFARE in the BRONZE AGE
Chariots of Fire Scenario Book 1 The Great Battles of History Series — Volume XIV CHARIOTS OF FIRE WARFARE IN THE BRONZE AGE THE BATTLES OF SUMER (ca. 2320), SEKMEM (ca. 1870) MEGIDDO (ca. 1479), SENZAR (ca. 1470) ASTARPA RIVER (ca. 1312), KADESH (ca. 1300) NIHRIYA (ca. 1230), BABLYON (1225) TROY (ca. 1200) SCENARIO BOOK Table of Contents Table of Contents Introduction ................................................................. 2 Simple GBOH Rules .............................29 Counters ..................................................................... 2 2.0 Game Components and Terminology ...... 29 Competitive Play ................................................... 2 3.0 The Sequence of Play .................................... 29 4.0 Leaders and Command .................................. 29 The Battles 5.0 Movement ........................................................... 29 Sumer (ca. 2320) .................................................... 2 6.0 Position ................................................................ 29 Sekmem (ca. 1870) ............................................... 4 7.0 Combat ................................................................ 30 Megiddo (ca. 1479) ............................................... 6 8.0 The Effects of Combat .................................. 30 Senzar (ca. 1470) ................................................... 9 9.0 Army Withdrawal ............................................. 31 Astarpa River(ca. 1312) .................................... 11 10.0 Special Units -
Playbook T a B L E • O F • C O N T E N T S
A “PAX” Series game, Vol. II PLAYBOOK T A B L E • O F • C O N T E N T S Introduction ..................................................................... 2 Two Player Scenarios ...................................................... 10 Solitaire Introductory Scenario ....................................... 3 Scenario #6: Babylon and Assyria .......................... 10 Scenario #1: Sargon the Great ................................ 3 Scenario #7: Hittites and Mitanni ........................... 11 Multi-Player Scenarios Scenario #8: Egypt and the Hittites ........................ 12 Scenario #2: The Chariot Kingdoms ...................... 4 Player Notes .................................................................... 14 Scenario #3: The Growth of Empires ..................... 6 Extended Example of Play .............................................. 16 Scenario #4: Empires in Conflict ............................ 7 Sources ............................................................................ 23 Scenario #5: Return of the Assyrians ..................... 9 Historical Kings table ..................................................... 24 Minor Kingdoms and Independent Cities tables ............. 24 GMT Games, LLC • P.O. Box 1308, Hanford, CA 93232-1308 • www.GMTGames.com 2 Genesis Playbook Introduction Length Of Play The Genesis playbook includes a Solitaire Introductory Learning Genesis presents the players with a great many decisions, and scenario, four multi-player scenarios playable by two (here the decision-making takes time.