Teaching the Chemists of the Future Complex Shapes from Simple
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AHMED H. ZEWAIL 26 February 1946 . 2 August 2016
AHMED H. ZEWAIL 26 february 1946 . 2 august 2016 PROCEEDINGS OF THE AMERICAN PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY VOL. 162, NO. 2, JUNE 2018 biographical memoirs t is often proclaimed that a stylist is someone who does and says things in memorable ways. From an analysis of his experimental Iprowess, his written contributions, his lectures, and even from the details of the illustrations he used in his published papers or during his lectures to scientific and other audiences, Ahmed Zewail, by this or any other definition, was a stylist par excellence. For more than a quarter of a century, I interacted with Ahmed (and members of his family) very regularly. Sometimes he and I spoke several times a week during long-distance calls. Despite our totally different backgrounds we became the strongest of friends, and we got on with one another like the proverbial house on fire. We collaborated scientifi- cally and we adjudicated one another’s work, as well as that of others. We frequently exchanged culturally interesting stories. We each relished the challenge of delivering popular lectures. In common with very many others, I deem him to be unforgettable, for a variety of different reasons. He was one of the intellectually ablest persons that I have ever met. He possessed elemental energy. He executed a succession of brilliant experiments. And, almost single-handedly, he created the subject of femtochemistry, with all its magnificent manifestations and ramifications. From the time we first began to exchange ideas, I felt a growing affinity for his personality and attitude. This was reinforced when I told him that, ever since I was a teenager, I had developed a deep interest in Egyptology and a love for modern Egypt. -
John Meurig Thomas
obituary John Meurig Thomas (1932–2020) Sir John Meurig Thomas, who was one of the leading materials and catalytic scientists of his generation, sadly died in November 2020, aged 87. homas was born in Wales, the son of a enabling him to study one of the most coal miner, and his early life was spent significant conceptual developments in Tin the Gwendraeth Valley in South catalysis over the last decades — single-site Wales; throughout his life he remained catalysis. Thomas was an early explorer in passionately committed to his native developing this new field. His work land, its language and literature. He was focussed on using mesoporous silica both an undergraduate and postgraduate MCM-41 as a support or tether for new student at Swansea University and after single-site catalysts. MCM-41 provided a brief postdoctoral period at the Atomic ordered mesopores that could be tuned Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, in diameter, thereby adding a degree of he was appointed a Lecturer at Bangor confinement for the single-site catalysts. University and subsequently Professor at Working with Maschmeyer, Sankar and Aberystwyth University. In 1978 he Credit: Kevin Quinlan / University of Delaware Rey, a landmark publication appeared in moved to the University of Cambridge 19957 in which metallocenes were grafted as Professor of Physical Chemistry and onto the walls of MCM-41 and were shown subsequently to London, where he was measurements of both long-range and to be a highly effective epoxidation catalyst Director of the Royal Institution from local structure on the same sample under for cyclohexene and pinene 1986–1991 — an ideal role for him as it identical reaction conditions. -
Welsh Acheivements Brochure
WELSH ACHIEVEMENTS [ IN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING ] ‘Our vision in Wales is of a learning country, where highly- skilled and highly-qualified people are employed in high- technology, high added-value companies.’ Professor John Harries, first chief scientific adviser for Wales, speaking in 2011 at the Welsh universities collaboration, research knowledge and expertise programme – Welsh Crucible. This publication is also available electronically from business.wales.gov.uk/innovation To discuss your innovation needs please call Business Wales on 03000 6 03000 or visit business.wales.gov.uk. Print ISBN 978 1 4734 0171 6 Printed on recycled paper Digital ISBN 978 1 4734 0169 3 WG16613 / G/MH/4578 / 0813 © Crown copyright 2013 2 On a global scale Wales is a small, but smart country, in which every opportunity has been taken to optimise resources, designs and processes. Shaped by landscape and culture it made its mark on the world through the maximisation of the great natural mineral wealth found here. Wales continues to make its mark through in-depth scientific and technical understanding and commercial innovation. From the past to the present an impressive list of achievements, many of which are the first of their kind in the world, have given Wales a great momentum for the future. CONTENTS 02 Foreword 05 Bioscience and Health 13 The Built Environment 20 Telecommunications and ICT 26 Creative Industries 35 Energy 41 Engineering 45 Environmental Sciences 50 Materials 56 Transport 64 People 74 Milestones 86 Conclusion 1 The modern world is increasingly made up of the products of the application of science, technology and engineering. -
Chem Newsletter Fall 04.Pdf
Department of Chemistry Oregon State University Corvallis, OR 97331 www.chemistry.oregonstate.edu 541-737-2081 Chemistry Newsletter Volume 24 - Fall 2004 Oregon Research Center Opens The Chemistry Department is an active partner in Oregon’s new joint research cen- ter, the Oregon Nanoscience and Microtechnologies Institute (ONAMI), which was dedicated in May by a host of dignitaries, including Governor Ted Kulongoski and Senator Ron Wyden. ONAMI is an unprecedented collaboration between the state’s three major research universities, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, the State of Oregon, and private industry. Industrial partners include such Oregon giants as Hewlett-Packard Co., Intel, Tektronics, FEI Company, and Electro Scientific Indus- tries. Chemistry Professor Vince Remcho became involved with ONAMI through his participation in the OSU/PNNL Microproducts Breakthrough Institute. Part of the ONAMI concept is to encourage small business growth in the Oregon high-tech sec- tor. The ONAMI facility at HP will be an incubator for OSU/UO/PSU interactions with small business start-ups; space will be available for these businesses to under- take work of mutual interest to ONAMI principals. It will be located in Building 11 of the Hewlett-Packard Company’s Corvallis campus for two to three years, until the OSU ONAMI team can move in to a renovated Graf Hall. Research at ONAMI should bring millions of federal research dollars to Oregon and could give Oregon the national recognition it deserves in the world of nanotech- nology and microscale research and development. Remcho comments, “This is an inviting environment to work in as a researcher, and I hope that it will be a means of involving graduate and undergraduate students in work that leads to employment op- portunities. -
Young Career Focus: Dr. Stephen Thomas (University of Edinburgh, UK)
A166 Synform Young Career Focus Young Career Focus: Dr. Stephen Thomas (University of Edinburgh, UK) Background and Purpose. SYNFORM regularly meets young up-and-coming researchers who are performing exceptionally well in the arena of organic chemistry and related fields of research, in order to introduce them to the readership. This Young Career Focus presents Dr. Stephen Thomas (University of Edinburgh, UK). Biographical Sketch INTERVIEW Stephen Thomas was born in SYNFORM What is the focus of your current research Toronto, Canada, and moved to activity? Somerset (UK) at a young age where he completed his secondary Dr. S. Thomas We are interested in developing and under- school education at Court Fields standing sustainable catalytic methods. Our focus has been Com munity School and Richard on the application and use of the most abundant elements in Huish College. After gaining his the earth’s crust as catalysts the reductive functionalisation undergraduate degree from Cardiff of unsaturated groups. A key driver for us is understanding University (UK), Stephen complet- the methods we develop and how the unique reactivities of ed his PhD with Dr Stuart Warren at first-row transition metals and main group elements can be Dr. Stephen Thomas the University of Cambridge (UK). applied in new ways. Following post-doctoral research with Prof. Andreas Pfaltz at the University of Basel (Switzer- SYNFORM When did you get interested in synthesis? land), Stephen was appointed to a fixed-term lectureship at the University of Bristol (UK) associated with Prof. Varinder Dr. S. Thomas As an undergraduate I was lucky enough to Aggarwal FRS, allowing him to begin his independent join Prof. -
Guides to the Royal Institution of Great Britain: 1 HISTORY
Guides to the Royal Institution of Great Britain: 1 HISTORY Theo James presenting a bouquet to HM The Queen on the occasion of her bicentenary visit, 7 December 1999. by Frank A.J.L. James The Director, Susan Greenfield, looks on Front page: Façade of the Royal Institution added in 1837. Watercolour by T.H. Shepherd or more than two hundred years the Royal Institution of Great The Royal Institution was founded at a meeting on 7 March 1799 at FBritain has been at the centre of scientific research and the the Soho Square house of the President of the Royal Society, Joseph popularisation of science in this country. Within its walls some of the Banks (1743-1820). A list of fifty-eight names was read of gentlemen major scientific discoveries of the last two centuries have been made. who had agreed to contribute fifty guineas each to be a Proprietor of Chemists and physicists - such as Humphry Davy, Michael Faraday, a new John Tyndall, James Dewar, Lord Rayleigh, William Henry Bragg, INSTITUTION FOR DIFFUSING THE KNOWLEDGE, AND FACILITATING Henry Dale, Eric Rideal, William Lawrence Bragg and George Porter THE GENERAL INTRODUCTION, OF USEFUL MECHANICAL - carried out much of their major research here. The technological INVENTIONS AND IMPROVEMENTS; AND FOR TEACHING, BY COURSES applications of some of this research has transformed the way we OF PHILOSOPHICAL LECTURES AND EXPERIMENTS, THE APPLICATION live. Furthermore, most of these scientists were first rate OF SCIENCE TO THE COMMON PURPOSES OF LIFE. communicators who were able to inspire their audiences with an appreciation of science. -
Lithiation-Borylation Methodology and Its Application in Synthesis
Lithiation-Borylation Methodology and Its Application in Synthesis Literature Seminar 2018/06/23 Hongyu CHEN (M1) Contents • Introduction • Part 1 : Factors responsible for the 1,2-migration • Part 2 : Factors responsible for stereocontrol • Part 3 : Application of lithiation-borylation reaction in synthesis • Summary Contents • Introduction • Part 1 : Factors responsible for the 1,2-migration • Part 2 : Factors responsible for stereocontrol • Part 3 : Application of lithiation-borylation reaction in synthesis • Summary Anatomy of The Lithiation-Borylation Reaction R3 B(OR)2 Stereoretentive B(OR)2 R2 R Borylation 2 1,2-Metallate R3 OLG R1 R1 Rearrangement R Homologated X Li 3 Boronate complex B(OR)2 product R2 R2 OLG Lithiation OLG R1 R1 OLG = OCb or OTIB Lithium carbenoid R2 X = H or SnR OLG R2 3 Stereoinvertive R 1 R3 R1 Borylation B(OR)2 1,2-Metallate R B(OR)2 3 Rearrangement Boronate complex Homologated product ・ R1, R2 and R3 = Alkyl, Alkenyl or Aryl ・ Reagent Control ・ Complete Stereospecificity Arylation ・ Contiguous Stereocenters Alkynylation ・ Quaternary Stereocenters Oxidation Fluorination ・ Natural Product Synthesis Assembly-Line Synthesis ・ Assembly-Line Synthesis http://www.chm.bris.ac.uk/org/aggarwal/research.php#li-b The First Nonenzymatic Asymmetric Synthesis (H. C. Brown, 1961) DG )2BH [O] + BH3 )2B 0 ℃ H HO H 90% yield, 87% ee cis, cis; cis, trans; trans, trans etc. R*CHCHCHCHR’ R*OH R* R' R*CO2H R* R’ R' R*D R*CHO General Asymmetric Synthesis R* R* R' R*CH OH via Chiral Organoboranes 2 R*NH2 R*CH2CHCH2 R* B R*R’NH R*R’CHNH2 R*CCR’ R*CCH R*COR’ R*CH2COR’ R*R’CHOH R*CH2CN R*COCCR’ R*CH2CO2Et R*R ’COH Brown, H. -
Sir John Meurig Thomas (1932–2020)
crystallographers Sir John Meurig Thomas (1932–2020) Richard Catlow* ISSN 1600-5767 Department of Chemistry, University College London, United Kingdom, and School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom. *Correspondence e-mail: [email protected] John Meurig Thomas, who was a world renowned solid-state scientist, sadly died on 13 November 2020 at the age of 87. Thomas was born the son of a coalminer in the Gwendraeth Valley in South Wales. Keywords: Obituary. He graduated with BSc and PhD degrees in chemistry from the University College of Swansea. From 1958, he held academic positions in the University of Wales, initi- ally as Lecturer at Bangor and then (from 1969) as Professor at Aberystwyth. In 1978, he was appointed as Professor and Head of Figure 1 the Department of Physical Chemistry at John Meurig Thomas lecturing. Photograph by the University of Cambridge, before taking Nathan Pitt. up the prestigious role of Director of the Royal Institution (RI) in 1986. Subse- quently, he was Master of Peterhouse, while continuing his research programme at the RI, and he later took up honorary appointments in the Department of Materials Science at the University of Cambridge and the School of Chemistry at Cardiff University. Thomas made major contributions to many key areas of chemical and materials sciences: his early work focused on the developing field of the physical chemistry of solids and included key contributions to mineralogy; but his most significant scientific legacy will be in catalytic science, where he pioneered new techniques and systems, focusing on the development of fundamental knowledge which has allowed the optimization and development of new catalytic technologies. -
Clarkson University's Shipley Distinguished Lectureship Series
Updated April 2018 Clarkson University’s Shipley Distinguished Lectureship Series 1995 Jean-Marie Lehn, Nobel Laureate Universitè Louis Pasteur Strasbourg; College de France, Paris, France 1. From Matter to Life: Chemistry?! 2. Perspectives in Supra molecular Chemistry: From Molecular Recognition towards Self-Organization 1996 Sir John Meurig Thomas, FRS University of Cambridge, Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, Cambridge, England 1. Davy and Faraday: A Tale of Contrasting Geniuses 2. Designed Solid Catalysts 1997 Paul Josef Crutzen, Nobel Laureate Max-Planck Institute, Mainz, Germany 1. The Antarctic Ozone Hole: A Human Caused Chemical Instability of the Stratosphere 2. The Importance of the Tropics in Atmospheric Chemistry 1998 Helmut Ringdorf Institut für Organische Chemie, Mainz, Germany 1. Death of a Tumor Cell: Can We Mimic the Process? 2. Multicompartmentation: A Concept for the Molecular Architecture of Life 1999 Carl Djerassi Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA 1. Sex in an Age of Mechanical Reproduction 2. Noble Science and Nobel Lust: Disclosing Tribal Secrets 2000 Cherry A. Murray Lucent Technologies, Bell Labs Innovation, Murray Hill, New Jersey, USA 1. The Future of Communications 2. Video Microscopy of Colloidal Crystals 2001 Richard R. Ernst, Nobel Laureate ETH Hönggerberg CHI, Zurich, Switzerland 1. Tibetan Painting Art Seen Through the Eyes of a Western Scientist 2. Fascinating NMR Insights with Applications to Chemistry, Biology and Medicine 2002 Gabor A. Somorjai University of California, Berkeley, California, USA 1 Updated April 2018 1. Surfaces: Favorite Media of Evolution and New Technologies 2. The Evolution of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis from the Time of Langmuir and Taylor to the 21st Century 2003 Ivar Giaever, Nobel Laureate Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, USA 1. -
The Man from Penzance – Sir Humphry Davy (1778–1829)
MATERIALS WORLD The man from Penzance – Sir Humphry Davy (1778 –1829) Davy saw science to be the ultimate truth. He loved the utility and permanence of it and the feeling of progression. He was a bold chemist and an inventor, but he thought like a writer. Ledetta Asfa-Wossen takes a look at his life. 2 1815 92 The number of weeks The year Davy The number of lives Davy took to devise presented his paper claimed at Felling the mining safety on the mining Colliery, Gateshead, lamp at the Royal safety lamp Tyne and Wear, Institution in 1812 avy was out to beat the clock. It was as though he knew he would stop dead at 50. As a young boy, he needed no encouragement. Inquisitive and resourceful, he leapt about with fishing tackle in one pocket and mineral specimens in the other. The eldest of five children and with Dhis father dying at 16, he grew up fast. He taught himself theology, philosophy, poetics, several sciences and seven languages, including Hebrew and Italian. Within a year, he had become a surgeon’s and apothecary’s apprentice. A few years later, he came into contact with a man called Davies Giddy (later known as Davies Gilbert). Gilbert was intrigued by Davy’s behaviour and approach to scientific study. Davy had read Lavoisier’s Traité Élémentaire de Chemie and wanted to repeat his experiments. Gilbert loaned him the use of his library and supported his experimental work. These years were the making of Davy. He cemented himself as a scientist and independent thinker on scientific issues of the time, such as the nature of heat, light and electricity, and began to criticise the doctrines of this chemistry heavyweight. -
Prostaglandin Total Synthesis Enabled by the Organocatalytic Dimerization of Succinaldehyde
Bennett, S. H., Coulthard, G., & Aggarwal, V. K. (2020). Prostaglandin Total Synthesis Enabled by the Organocatalytic Dimerization of Succinaldehyde. Chemical Record. https://doi.org/10.1002/tcr.202000054 Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record License (if available): CC BY Link to published version (if available): 10.1002/tcr.202000054 Link to publication record in Explore Bristol Research PDF-document This is the final published version of the article (version of record). It first appeared online via Wiley at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/tcr.202000054 . Please refer to any applicable terms of use of the publisher. University of Bristol - Explore Bristol Research General rights This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/pure/user-guides/explore-bristol-research/ebr-terms/ Personal Account DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000054 Prostaglandin Total Synthesis Enabled by THE the Organocatalytic Dimerization of CHEMICAL RECORD Succinaldehyde Steven H. Bennett,[a] Graeme Coulthard,[b] and Varinder K. Aggarwal*[a] In memory of Stuart Warren: a gentleman, a scholar, and a dedicated teacher of chemistry. Chem. Rec. 2020, 20, 1–13 © 2020 The Authors. Published by The Chemical Society of Japan & Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA 1 Personal Account THE CHEMICAL RECORD Abstract: Prostaglandins have been attractive targets in total synthesis for over 50 years, resulting in the development of new synthetic strategies and methodologies that have served the broader chemical community. However, these molecules are not just of academic interest, a number of prostaglandin analogues are used in the clinic, and some are even on the WHO list of essential medicines. -
The Development of Strategies and Methods for the Synthesis of Biologically Active Compounds NJC
PERSPECTIVE The development of strategies and methods for the synthesis of www.rsc.org/njc biologically active compounds NJC Adam Nelson* Department of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK LS2 9JT E-mail: [email protected] Received (in Montpellier, France) 18th December 2003, Accepted 26th January 2004 First published as an Advance Article on the web 17th June 2004 This review describes new strategies and methodology for asymmetric and stereoselective syntheses that have been developed within the Nelson group at the University of Leeds, UK. Syntheses of C-substituted monosaccharides, C-linked disaccharide mimetics, the C58–C71 fragment of palytoxin and an established intermediate in a total synthesis of Hemibrevetoxin B are described. The work is described within the context of related research in organic chemistry. Introduction In ‘target-oriented’ syntheses, we have exploited both proper and improper elements of embedded symmetry. A hid- Much of our research has focused on the synthesis of biologi- den C2 symmetry element was exploited in a two-directional cally active compounds. Our research has not been based synthesis of a fragment of the complex natural product, paly- around any particular reaction or functional group. Instead, toxin. In addition, the hidden centre of symmetry of a frag- we have concentrated on the development of new and unusual ment of Hemibrevetoxin B was exploited for the first time in strategies for asymmetric and stereoselective synthesis. natural product synthesis. Accordingly, we have endeavoured to exploit the synthetic strategies that have been most appropriate to the target molecules under investigation. In ‘diversity-oriented’ work,1 we have focused on the devel- Complementary methods for the synthesis of opment of complementary stereoselective reactions for the C-substituted monosaccharide derivatives divergent synthesis of many different stereoisomers from a common precursor.