Arts and Culture

South Africa Yearbook 2015/16 Arts and Culture

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The Department of Arts and Culture (DAC) • identify viable solutions and propose aims to contribute to sustainable economic necessary amendments to heritage policy and development and enhance job creation by • legislation; and preserving, protecting and developing South • consult stakeholders identified by the DAC. African arts, culture and heritage to sustain a socially cohesive and democratic nation. National symbols The department is mandated to: Animal: Springbok • develop and promote arts and culture in (Antidorcas marsupialis) South Africa, and mainstream its role in social The springbok’s common name is derived from development its characteristic jumping display. It is the only • develop and promote the official languages southern African gazelle and is fairly widespread of South Africa, and enhance the linguistic in open, dry bush, grasslands or riverbeds near diversity of the country water. It is also the emblem of South Africa’s • improve economic and other development national rugby team, which bears its name. opportunities for South African arts and culture nationally and globally through mutually Bird: Blue crane beneficial partnerships in order to ensure the (Anthropoides paradisia) sustainability of the sector This elegant crane with its silvery blue plumage • develop and monitor the implementation of is endemic to southern Africa, with more than policy, legislation and strategic direction for 99% of the population within South Africa’s the identification, conservation and promotion borders. of cultural heritage. The DAC aims to increase interactions across all races, foster constitu- Fish: Galjoen tional values, and encourage equal opportu- (Coracinus capensis) nities, inclusion and redress. The galjoen is found only along the South African coast and is a familiar sight to every angler. It keeps to mostly shallow water and is often found Legislation and policies in rough surf and sometimes right next to the The DAC derives its mandate from the following shore. legislation: • Heraldry Act, 1962 (Act 18 of 1962) Flower: King protea • Culture Promotion Act, 1983 (Act 35 of 1983) (Protea cynaroides) • National Archives and Record Service of This striking protea is found in the south- South Africa Act, 1996 (Act 43 of 1996) western and southern areas of the Western • Legal Deposit Act, 1997 (Act 54 of 1997) Cape. It derives its scientific name cynaroides, • South African Geographical Names Council which means “like cynara” (artichoke), from the Act, 1998 (Act 118 of 1998) artichoke-like appearance of its flower head. • Cultural Institutions Act, 1998 (Act 119 of 1998) Tree: Real yellowwood • National Council for Library and Information (Podocarpus latifolius) Act, 2001 (Act 6 of 2001) The yellowwood family is primeval and has • National Heritage Resources Act, 1999 (Act been present in South Africa for more than 25 of 1999) 100 million years. The species is widespread, • Use of Official Languages Act, 2012 (Act 12 from , along the southern and of 2012). eastern Cape coast, in the ravines of the In 2015, the DAC undertook a review of the Drakensberg up to the Soutpansberg and the heritage laws that it administers. The specific Blouberg in Limpopo. terms of reference of the review project were to: • review the heritage laws for divergence, National flag duplication and inconsistency (within and South Africa’s flag is one of the most recognised between the laws themselves, in relation to in the world. It was launched and used for the White Paper on Arts, Culture and Heritage the first time on Freedom Day, 27 April 1994. of 1996, the Constitution, constitutionally The design and colours are a synopsis of the mandated laws and other applicable laws) principal elements of the country’s flag history. • conduct a gap analysis of heritage policy and It is the only six-coloured national flag in the legislation; world. The central design of the flag, beginning

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The National Anthem Day, 27 April 2000. Its central image is a secretary bird with Nkosi sikelel’ i Afrika uplifted wings and a sun rising above it. i Maluphakanyisw’ uphondo lwayo, Below the bird is the protea, an indigenous Yizwa imithandazo yethu, South African flower, representing the aesthetic Nkosi sikelela, thina lusapho lwayo. harmony of all cultures and the country flowering Morena boloka setjhaba sa heso, as a nation. The ears of wheat are emblems of the O fedise dintwa le matshwenyeho, fertility of the land, while the tusks of the African O se boloke, elephant symbolise wisdom, steadfastness and O se boloke setjhaba strength. sa heso, At the centre, stands a shield signifying the Setjhaba sa South Afrika – protection of South Africans, above which are a South Afrika. spear and knobkierie. These assert the defence of peace rather than a posture of war. Uit die blou van onse hemel, Within the shield are images of the Khoisan Uit die diepte van ons see, Oor ons ewige gebergtes, people, the first inhabitants of the land. The figures Waar die kranse antwoord gee. are derived from images on the Linton Stone, a world-famous example of South African rock art. Sounds the call to come together, The motto of the coat of arms – !ke e:/xarra//ke And united we shall stand, – is in the Khoisan language of the /Xam people, Let us live and strive for freedom, and means “diverse people unite” or “people In South Africa our land. who are different joining together.” at the flag-pole in a “V” form and flowing into a National Orders single horizontal band to the outer edge of the National Orders are the highest awards that the fly, can be interpreted as the convergence of country, through its President, can bestow on diverse elements within South African society, individual South Africans and eminent foreign taking the road ahead in unity. leaders and personalities. When the flag is displayed vertically against • The Order of Mapungubwe is awarded to a wall, the red band should be to the left of the South African citizens for excellence and viewer, with the hoist or the cord seam at the exceptional achievement. top. • The Order of the Baobab is awarded to South When displayed African citizens for distinguished service in the horizontally, the hoist fields of business and the economy; science, should be to the left of medicine and technological innovation; and the viewer and the red community service. band at the top. When • The Order of the Companions of OR the flag is displayed next Tambo is awarded to heads of state and other to or behind the speaker dignitaries for promoting peace, cooperation at a meeting, it must be placed to the speaker’s right. When it is placed elsewhere in the meeting and friendship towards South Africa. place, it should be to the right of the audience. • The Order of Luthuli is awarded to South Africans who have made a meaningful contri- National anthem bution to the Struggle for democracy, human South Africa’s national anthem is a combined rights, nation-building, justice and peace, and version of Nkosi Sikelel’ iAfrika and The Call of conflict resolution. South Africa (Die Stem van Suid-Afrika). • The Order of Ikhamanga is awarded to South Nkosi Sikelel’ iAfrika was composed by African citizens who have excelled in the fields Methodist mission schoolteacher, Enoch of arts, culture, literature, music, journalism Sontonga, in 1897. The words of The Call of and sport. South Africa were written by CJ Langenhoven • The Order of Mendi for Bravery is awarded in May 1918, and the music was composed by to South African citizens who have performed Reverend ML de Villiers in 1921. extraordinary acts of bravery. President Jacob Zuma hosted the National National Coat of Arms Orders Awards Ceremony at the Sefako South Africa’s Coat of Arms, the highest visual Makgatho Presidential Guest House in Pretoria symbol of the State, was launched on Freedom in December 2015.

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National Orders and Symbols

The Order of the Baobab The Order of Luthuli The Order of Mendi

The Order of The Order of the Companions of The Order of Ikhamanga Mapungubwe OR Tambo

The Coat of Arms National flower: King protea National fish: Galjoen

National tree: Real National bird: Blue crane National animal: Springbok yellowwood

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The Order of the Baobab of equality and universal suffrage in South The Order was bestowed in bronze on: Africa. He never relented and paid the ultimate • Yvonne Mokgoro: For her outstanding contri- sacrifice for freedom and democracy. bution to the field of Law and the adminis- tration of justice in a democratic South Africa. Order of Ikhamanga The Order was bestowed in silver on: The Order was bestowed in bronze on: • John Douglas Anderson: For his excellent • Themba Patrick Magaisa: For his outstanding contribution to the upliftment of children and contribution to the development of indigenous people with disabilities. literature in South Africa. His literary work has • Mary Makobatjatji Malahlela (Posthumous): enriched the primary and secondary education For her excellent contribution to the provision curricula in our country. of medical services to oppressed South • Mbulaeni Mulaudzi (Posthumous): For his Africans during apartheid. She was one of outstanding achievements as a track athlete the first African women to qualify as a medical and for his contribution to the advancement of doctor in South Africa. athletics in South Africa. • Andrew Ross: For his excellent contribution to The Order was bestowed in silver on: the training of young rural medics. His work • Darius Mfana Dhlomo: For his excellent talent has provided hope to communities that are in various professional sporting codes. His treated in rural hospitals. tenacity, sheer talent and triumph in sport • Otto Stehlik: For his excellent contribution to inspired generations of aspiring footballers economic and social development in South and boxers who saw in him the epitome of Africa. His business skills in the hospitality excellence. industry have benefitted South Africa signifi- • Winnie Mahlangu: For her excellent contri- cantly. bution to the field of broadcasting and for The Order was bestowed in gold on: keeping the listeners of Ukhozi FM, the largest • James David Lewis-Williams: For his radio station in the country, informed and exceptional and distinguished contribution to entertained. the field of archaeology. His research on the • Ramakgobotla John Mekoa: For his excellent rock art of the ancient people of Southern contribution to the development of jazz music Africa has contributed invaluable knowledge in South Africa. He established a jazz music about their lives and times. centre, The Music Academy, that contributed to the growth of the careers of many South The Order of Mendi for Bravery African jazz musicians. The order was bestowed in bronze on: • Mbulelo Vizikhungo Mzamane (Posthumous): • Jetro Ndlovu: For his outstanding contri- For his excellent contribution to the dev- bution to the fight for freedom, equality and elopment of African literature and the upliftment democracy in South Africa. of African languages on the global stage. The Order was bestowed in silver on: • Joe Morolong (Posthumous): For his excellent Order of Luthuli contribution to the fight for liberation in South The Order was bestowed in bronze to: Africa. He endured tremendous personal • Kay Moonsamy: For his outstanding contri- persecution for the ideal of a democratic and bution to the fight for democracy and freedom liberated society. in South Africa. As a trade unionist he was • Caleb Motshabi (Posthumous): For his among the leading figures who actively fought excellent contribution the to fight for the the apartheid system. liberation of the people of South Africa. He The Order was bestowed in silver to: facilitated the creation of safe passage for • William Frankel: For his excellent contribution many young people who went into exile to fight to the fight against apartheid. He played for freedom. a significant role in raising funds for those • Eric Mtshali: For his excellent contribution to detained by apartheid security forces and the fight against apartheid. In spite of great those charged under apartheid legislation. risks, he was never deterred in his quest for • Johnson Malcomess Mgabela (Posthumous): true freedom and social justice. For his exceptional contribution to the fight The Order was bestowed in gold on: against oppression. He understood that • Mpumelelo Washington Bongco (Posthumous): human beings are naturally equal, and that For his exceptional contribution to the pursuit the subjugation of one race by another must

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be opposed at all costs. • Tan Sri Dato’ Sri Paduka Dr Lim Kok Wing • Petros Nyawose (Posthumous): For his (Malaysia): For his excellent and commendable excellent contribution to the fight against contribution to the fight against apartheid and apartheid. He paid the ultimate price for his to education internationally, with a special involvement in the liberation struggle in South focus on Southern Africa. Africa. The order was bestowed in gold on: • Jabulile Nyawose (Posthumous): For her • General Hashim Mbita (Tanzania): For his excellent contribution to the fight against exceptional and gallant support of African apartheid. She also paid the ultimate Liberation Movements and his tireless efforts price for her involvement in South Africa’s in ensuring that the struggle for freedom struggle. throughout the African continent bore fruit. • Mohammed Tikly: For his excellent contri- • Brian Mulroney (Canada): For his exceptional bution to the fight against apartheid. He contribution to the liberation movement of groomed many young freedom fighters while South Africa. His steadfast support for the he was director of the Solomon Mahlangu release of Nelson Mandela and for imposing Freedom College (SOMAFCO) during the sanctions on South Africa’s apartheid regime days of exile. led to a free, democratic, non-sexist and non-racial South Africa. The Order of the Companions of OR Tambo Languages The order was bestowed in silver on: South Africa is a multilingual country. The • Gareth Evans (Australia): For his excellent country’s Constitution guarantees equal status contribution to and support of the to 11 official languages to cater for the country’s Anti-Apartheid Movement. His exceptional diverse people and their cultures. These are: leadership influenced the Australian public English, isiNdebele, isiXhosa, isiZulu, Afrikaans, to provide scholarships for underprivileged Sepedi, Sesotho, Setswana, Siswati, Tshivenda South African students at home and in exile. and Xitsonga. • Peter Hain (United Kingdom): For his excellent Other languages used in South Africa include contribution to the fight against the injustices the Khoi, Nama and San languages, Sign of apartheid and his unwavering support for Language, Arabic, German, French, Greek, the South African Liberation Movement. Gujarati, Hebrew, Hindi, Portuguese, Sanskrit, • Ambassador Vladimir Kazimirov (Russia): For Tamil, Telegu and Urdu. his excellent contribution to the recording of South Africa has various structures and the plight of the majority in Southern African institutions that support the preservation and countries, especially South Africa, during development of languages. the period of minority rule. His work remains a testimony to the deep injustices during Role players apartheid. National Heritage Council • Gay McDougall (United States of America): The NHC of South Africa is a statutory body that is For her excellent contribution to the fight responsible for the preservation of the country’s against the injustices of apartheid. She heritage. Since its inception in February 2004, it mobilised policymakers in the United States in has managed to place heritage as a priority for support of the struggle for freedom in South nation-building and national identity. Africa and put to use her legal expertise for the The NHC focuses on policy development defence of political prisoners in South Africa for the sector to meet its transformation goals, and Namibia. enhance public awareness and education, and • Lars Nordbo (Denmark): For his excellent increase knowledge production in heritage contribution to the struggle for liberation and subjects that were previously neglected. It also for his architectural skills that saw him build makes funding available to projects that present dormitory blocks in Mazimbu, Tanzania, which heritage as a socio-economic resource. A historic housed South African freedom fighters in collection of African beads, known as the Broster exile. These blocks were later converted into Beadwork Collection and originates from the a Tanzanian university. Eastern Cape, was declared a heritage property • Ambassador Andrey Urnov (Russia): For of South Africa. It was unveiled by the Minister his excellent contribution to the fight for the of Arts and Culture in March 2016 at the Walter liberation of the people of South Africa. Sisulu University in Mthatha, Eastern Cape.

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South African Heritage Resources The following principles are adhered to: Agency • each individual feature or entity should have SAHRA is a statutory organisation established only one official name under the National Heritage Resources Act, • the following types of geographical names 1999 (Act 25 of 1999), as the national adminis- would generally be avoided: trative body responsible for the protection of -- approved names of places elsewhere in South Africa’s cultural heritage. South Africa SAHRA provides for the identification, -- names of places in other countries and protection, conservation and promotion of names of countries South Africa’s heritage for present and future -- names that are blasphemous, indecent, generations. It established the National Heritage offensive, vulgar, unaesthetic or embarrassing Resources Fund to provide financial assistance -- names that are discriminatory or derogatory to approved bodies or individuals, for any project -- names that may be regarded as an advert- that contributes to the conservation and protection isement for a particular product, service or firm of South Africa’s national heritage resources. -- names of living people. Conservation categories include: Geographical names committees have been • national heritage sites, registers, areas and established in all nine provinces. objects • protected areas National Arts Council of South Africa • structures of more than 60 years old The NAC is a national agency mandated by the • burial grounds and graves DAC with the responsibility of developing South • fossils (palaeontology) and archaeology Africa’s creative industry by awarding grants to • rock art individuals and organisations in the arts. This • sites relating to the history of slavery in South is embedded in their mission to develop and Africa promote excellence in the arts. • movable objects such as those recovered The NAC operates by inviting applicants to from the soil or waters of South Africa submit their project proposals and applications • discoveries that are associated with living for bursaries once a year. An independent panel heritage; ethnographic and decorative art; of experts in each of the seven arts disciplines objects of scientific interest; books, documents, adjudicates on each application and makes photographs, film material or sound recordings. recommendations to council. SAHRA conserves buildings of historical or architectural value. Arts institutions Heritage South Africa is a non-profit organi- The following arts institutions contribute to a sation that conserves South Africa’s variety of sustainable performing arts industry based on architectural gems. access, excellence, diversity and redress, and encourage the development of the full range of South African Geographical Names performing arts: Council (SAGNC) • State Theatre, Pretoria The SAGNC advises the Minister of Arts and • Playhouse Company, Durban Culture on the transformation and standardi- • ArtsCape, sation of official geographical names in South • Market Theatre, Africa. The council has jurisdiction over all names • Performing Arts Centre of the Free State, of geographical features and entities falling Bloemfontein within the territories over which the South African • Windybrow Theatre, Johannesburg. Government has sovereignty. The institutions receive annual transfers from The renaming of geographical features is the DAC, but also generate revenue through regarded as a form of symbolic reparation to entrance fees, donor assistance, sponsorships address South Africa’s past. and rental income. Performing Arts Institutions provide a platform The declaration of the Broster Beadwork Collection means for the artistic and cultural expression of artists that it is part of the national estate and cannot be taken and those interested in performing arts. out of the country or sold without following the proper legal i channels. An information booklet about the collection is Business and Arts South Africa (Basa) available to the public through the website of the NHC. It is BASA is an internationally recognised South also available in isiXhosa. African development agency with a suite of

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integrated programmes implemented nationally of order and internationally. The agency encourages • names and uniforms (colours) of associations mutually beneficial partnerships between business and organisations, such as universities and the arts, securing the future development of • promoting national symbols. the arts sector in South Africa and contributing to corporate success through Shared Value. National Language Service (NLS) BASA was founded in 1997 as a joint initiative The NLS is tasked with meeting the constitu- of the DAC and the business sector as a public/ tional obligations of multilingualism by managing private partnership. language diversity through language planning, BASA’s mission is to ensure the relevance human-language technologies and terminology and sustainability of the arts in South Africa by projects. It also provides a translation and editing providing expertise and developing partnerships service in the official and foreign languages. between business and the arts. Through its bursary scheme, the department offers language-learning opportunities, as well Arts and Culture Trust (ACT) as training in language practice. ACT is the oldest arts funding agency in The NLS promotes the use and equal status democratic South Africa. Since 1994 it has of all official languages. This entails the review advanced its position towards becoming a of the national language policy, the development self-sustaining perpetual fund for the continued of language terminologies and human language development of arts and culture. technology, translation and publishing services It was established to develop and promote in all official languages, and the awarding of arts, culture and heritage, in general, by securing bursaries. financial and other resources; and to promote the needs and the role of the sector in the public Pan South African Language Board domain. Parliament established the PanSALB to develop Due regard is given to ensuring a spread South Africa’s 11 official languages, as well as of projects across all the cultural and artistic the Khoi and the San languages and South disciplines, including arts administration, arts African Sign Language, and to promote multilin- education, community art, festivals, heritage, gualism by: craft, fine art, dance, music, theatre, literature, • creating the conditions for the development of multidisciplinary and new media. and the equal use of all official languages • fostering respect for and encouraging the use Community art centres and other of other languages in the country Cultural organisations • encouraging the best use of the country’s There are hundreds of community art centres are linguistic resources to enable South Africans in operation, varying from community-initiated to to free themselves from all forms of linguistic government-managed centres, in South Africa. discrimination, domination and division and to The centres operate at different levels, enable them to exercise appropriate, linguistic ranging from general socio-cultural promotion to choices for their own well-being, and for advanced programmes and vocational training. national development. Some of these centres are located in, for To achieve this, the board has three structures: example, craft centres, community halls and • provincial language committees theatres. • national language bodies Many art centres are functioning well and have • national lexicographic units. made impressive contributions to local socio- The PanSALB is mandated by law to investigate economic development. complaints about language-rights violations from The DAC endorses and supports programmes any individual, organisation or institution. in needy centres that are community-initiated or It conducts hearings at which complainants non-governmental. and respondents are present, and depending on its findings may recommend steps to be taken by Bureau of Heraldry the department or institution concerned. The Bureau of Heraldry was founded in 1963 The PanSALB creates an environment that is and is responsible for registering: conducive to developing, using and promoting • coats of arms all official languages, as well as the Khoi, Nama • badges and other emblems such as flags, and San languages and South African Sign seals, medals and insignia of rank and offices Language.

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In 2015, the National Arts Council of South Africa dedicated • Casterbridge Academy in Mpumalanga additional funding of 31% towards women and 8% for peo- • The PACOFS incubator in the Free State ple with disabilities. • The Artscape in the Western Cape. The total number of individuals incubated during Programmes, projects and the period of 2015/16 was 408. initiatives These incubator programmes are supported Public Art Development Programme by the Art Bank of South Africa. (PADP) The PADP is a work stream of the Mzansi Golden Festivals Arts and cultural festivals abound in South Economy Strategy (MGE). It is implemented Africa, offering something for every taste – from in partnership with other levels of government, prickly pears, peaches, “witblits”, asparagus and agencies and civil society. The PADP is cherries, to various music forms, dance, arts, implemented to strengthen and grow the arts, science, books and whales. culture and heritage sector, with particular Many of these have become annual events, emphasis on giving the youth, women, children growing in popularity and attendance numbers. and persons with disabilities the opportunity to • Aardklop, held annually in , participate and benefit from the PADP. North West, is inherently Afrikaans, but The objectives of the PADP include: universal in character. The festival provides • To create decent work for artists, designers, a platform for the creativity and talent of local researchers, storytellers, crafters, performance artists. artists and a range of other workers that are • Arts Alive International Festival in Newtown, involved in the realisation and presentation of Johannesburg provides the best in homegrown public artworks. and overseas entertainment in September. • To attract investment and economic activity to • The Cape Town International Jazz Festival particular locations, including the rural areas. features international and African artists. It Mzansi Golden Economy Strategy also features photographic and art exhibitions. • The Dance Umbrella is a festival of contem- The MGE supports creative industries by porary choreography and dance, presenting developing strategies, implementing sector work ranging from community-based dance development programmes, supporting projects troupes to international companies. and providing training. • The Klein Karoo Nasionale Kunstefees, As part of the national target of creating five known as the KKNK, a vibrant festival for the million jobs within the next 10 years, the DAC performing arts, is held annually in Oudtshoorn launched the MGE in 2011, which was expected and presentations include drama, cabaret, to create more than 150 000 work opportunities and contemporary and classical music. between 2012 and 2017. • The Mangaung African Cultural Festival The strategy involves a number of arts and (MACUFE) in Bloemfontein in the Free State culture job-creation programmes. These include is one of the biggest cultural tourism events the Public Art Programme, where youth will in southern Africa. This 10-day festival receive art classes, after which the department showcases the cream of African and interna- will employ them in their respective communities tional talent. to beautify the environment through art. • The National Arts Festival, held annually in About 3 000 full-time art facilitators will be July in Grahamstown in the Eastern Cape, deployed in schools throughout the country is one of the largest and most diverse arts to facilitate the initiative. Along with the gatherings in Africa. establishment of an Art Bank, this is expected to • Oppikoppi Bushveld Bash near Northam in create 10 000 new work opportunities over the North West offers live performances by rock, next three years. alternative and blues bands, both local and In 2015/16, the focus of the MGE incorporated from abroad. major new initiatives including launching creative • The Splashy Fen Music Festival near arts incubators to nurture entrepreneurs and Underberg in KwaZulu-Natal offers a variety produce local content facilitated by a dedicated of mainstream and alternative rock and pop venture capital fund. music. The following three incubators were launched • Standard Bank Joy of Jazz is Johannesburg’s in 2015. biggest annual jazz festival, with local and

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international artists performing at different their plays, actors such as John Kani and venues across the city. Winston Ntshona became a few of the early • Up the Creek is a popular music festival on the participants of a form of theatre that sought to banks of the Breede River near Swellendam in challenge the apartheid system and question the Western Cape. racial attitudes of the time. Other festivals that attract visitors at both national With mainstream venues like the National and international level are: Innibos in Nelspruit, Theatre barring black people from creative partic- Mpumalanga; Taung Cultural Calabash in North ipation, the Market Theatre in Johannesburg and West; the Awesome Africa Music Festival in The Space in Cape Town were just two of many Durban, KwaZulu-Natal; the Windybrow Theatre theatres established to give black artists a stage Festival in Johannesburg; and the Hilton Arts and multiracial audience. Theatre venues were Festival in KwaZulu-Natal. desegregated in 1978. The inaugural Mandela International Film Some of the more well-known venues include Festival took place in Nelson Mandela Bay in the Market Theatre, Jo’burg Theatre and December 2015. The festival aims to celebrate Theatre in Johannesburg; the Baxter and stimulate a brave new world of film-making, and Artscape theatres in Cape Town; and the and is dedicated to improving both the craft and Playhouse in Durban. business of film. Many of the casinos and malls in South Africa are also home to theatres. The Montecasino Theatre Theatre and Studio has hosted major South Africa has a prolific theatre scene with productions such as Dream Girls and Phantom more than 100 active spaces around the of the Opera. country offering everything from indigenous There are also multitudes of festivals that take drama, music, dance, cabaret and satire to place across the country. The most well-known West End and Broadway hits, classical opera is the Grahamstown National Arts Festival which and ballet. South African theatre tends to be is the biggest annual celebration of the arts very interactive, with actors sometimes directly on the African continent. Over the years, the addressing audiences. festival has showcased some of South Africa’s The country has a long and rich history best-performing arts talent, including up-and- of storytelling, from the oral narratives and coming artists. It has also spawned a multitude shamanistic dances of the San, to the fables of similar festivals such as the Klein Karoo told around the fire by South Africa’s indigenous Nasionale Kunstefees in Oudshoorn. peoples, to the modern and youthful productions of today. Music South African theatre came into its own during Music is one of the key cultural industries the apartheid years, partly due to the cultural identified in the Cultural Industrial Growth boycott of the country by British and American Strategy Report, and government has committed actors. Without any external influences, South itself to harnessing its potential. Local music African theatre flourished with its own unique accounts for a third of all the music bought by and local feel, particularly the protest theatre of South Africans. the 1970s and 1980s. Township jazz and blues, especially the But the formal South African theatre tradition kwêla music of the forties and fifties, are being dates back as far back as the 1830s, when redefined; the country also has a rich choral Andrew Geddes Bains’s Kaatje Kekkelbek, or tradition, and pop and rock musicians have Life Among the Hottentots, was performed in made their mark internationally. 1838 by the Grahamstown Amateur Company. Even techno-rave and have Over the years, playwrights such as Athol found their own variations in local culture. Fugard and Gibson Kente would form the and hip-hop are very popular, combining backbone of South African theatre. And through elements of rap, reggae and other musical styles into a distinctly South African style. Kwaai Jazz is also gaining momentum. More than R1,5 million was set aside for the Bokgabo Dikolong visual arts and photography competition. This was In addition to its cultural value, music plays implemented jointly with the Department of Basic Education an important economic role in the country, i and is open to all South African learners. A further R600 000 generating significant copyright revenue. was set aside for the national South African School Choral The Taking South African Music to the World Eisteddfod. Programme is aimed at improving export

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opportunities for South African music. Hanging Gardens of Beatenberg. The DAC funds a number of musical • Female Artist of the Year: Bucie, Princess of ensembles directly and indirectly, through the House (Easy to Love). NAC. In May 2016, the SABC committed itself • Male Artist of the Year: AKA, Levels. to playing 90% local music across the 18 radio • Newcomer of the Year: , stations. This followed extensive engagements with some music representatives. . • Best Rock : aKing, Morning After. Moshito Music Conference • Best Pop Album: Beatenberg, The Hanging and Exhibition Gardens of Beatenberg. The DAC hosts the annual Moshito Conference • Best Pop Album (Afrikaans): Riana Nel, Die and Exhibition, a key music event on the African Regte Tyd. continent that promotes collaboration among • Best Adult Contemporary Album: Joe Nie- interested parties from both the private and mand, Back Again. public sectors. • Best Adult Contemporary Album (Afri- The event is designed to provide opportu- kaans): Dewald Wasserfall, Ek en Jy. nities for business networking; information exchange; music-business education; promotion • Best African Adult Album: Maleh, You Make and product development for national music My Heart Go. producers, performers, individuals and entities • Best Alternative Album: Bittereinder, Skerm. providing support services; as well as to • Best R&B/Soul/Reggae Album: Afrotraction, strengthen business opportunities for the music For The Lovers. industry and related media. • Best Rap Album: K.O, Skhanda Republic. • Best Kwaito Album: Professor, University of Mangaung African Cultural Festival Kalawa Jazmee since 1994. The DAC, in partnership with the Free State • Best Dance Album: Black Motion, Fortune Department of Sports, Arts, Culture and Teller. Recreation, hosted the MACUFE Festival from 2 to 11 October 2015 in Mangaung, Free • Best Traditional Faith Music Album: S’fiso State. Ncwane, Bayede Baba. In its 18th year of existence MACUFE dazzled • Best Contemporary Faith Music Album: its patrons with action-packed entertainment Loyiso Bala, Power Love Sound. from artists such as Tamia and Dave Koz from • Best Traditional Music Album: Botlhale Boi- the USA as well as Sierra Maestra from Cuba kanyo, Spoken Word & Music. and Kunle from Nigeria. • Best Maskandi Album: Thokozani Langa, South African performers, including Victor Igama Lami. Kgantlape, Mafikizolo, Tshepo Tshola, Letta • Best Jazz Album: McCoy Mrubata, Brasskap Mbulu, Caiphus Semenya, Unathi and The Soil, Sessions Vol. 2. also featured prominently at the festival. The MACUFE Gospel Concert comprised • Best Classical and/or Instrumental Album: performances by Sfiso Ncwane, Benjamin Dube, Wouter Kellerman, Winds of Samsara. Teboho, Umsingizane, Thoko and Sechaba who • Best Live DVD: Robin Kohl for First Decade were joined by other gospel artists. by Lira. The mission of MACUFE is to showcase the • Best Collaboration: K.O. ft. Kid X, Caracara. best local and international African artists in • Best Music Video of the Year: Ryan Kruger various disciplines, providing a quality profes- (director), Let the Night In by Prime Circle. sional service through an extensive and • Best Producer of the Year: Wouter Keller- structured marketing campaign. man and Ricky Kej for Winds of Samsara by South African Music Awards (SAMAs) Wouter Kellerman. The 21st annual SAMAs ceremony was held at • Best Engineer of the Year: Brian O’Shea, Sun City, North West, in April 2015. The winners Crighton Goodwill and Maruis Poplanet for were: Johnny Apple by Johnny Apple. • Album of the Year: Beatenberg, The Hanging • Remix of the Year: DJ Sbu and Robbie Mal- Gardens of Beatenberg. inga, Indlela Yam by DJ Sbu and Mojalefa • Duo or Group of the Year: Beatenberg, The Thebe.

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• Special awards: KIA Record of the Year: K.O, (Reverse, ft Duncan). featuring kid X, Caracara. • Best Song of the Year: Osaziwayo (Iphupho). • Best Selling Album: Riana Nel. • Best Female Artist: Buselaphi (Gabi Gabi). • Lifetime Achievement awards: M’du • Best Afro Soul: Choko (Lerato). Masilela, Mandla Mofokeng (Spikiri) and Zim • Best Poet: Phindile “the poet” (Divine pur- Ngqawana. pose). • International Achievement Award: Wouter • Best African Jazz Song: Quincy K (Mot- Kellerman. swana gorileng). • Best Selling DVD: Joyous SA, Vol. 18 One • Best Indigenous Comedian: Tsoro Purpose. • Best Newcomer Artist: Bahubhe (Impun- • Best Selling Mobile : Beat- dulu). enberg and DJ Clock. • Best Mbaqanga Album: Sandile Khwela • Best Selling Ring-Back Tone: Pluto, DJ (Uvalo). Clock ft Beatenberg. • Best Isicathamiya Album: Royal Messen- • Best Selling Full-Track Download: Pluto, DJ gers (Sakhisizwe). Clock ft Beatenberg. • Best Traditional Dance Group: Kopano ke • South African Music Performance Rights Matla Traditional Group. Association Award Highest Airplay of the • Best Praise Singer: David Leshomo (Molodi Year: Pluto, DJ Clock ft Beatenberg. wa setso). • Best Reggae Album: Judah of the next gen- South African Traditional Music Achieve- eration (Let thy kingdom come). ment (SATMA) Awards Launched in 2005, the SATMA Awards are aimed Dance at promoting,preserving, uplifting, developing, Dancing is part of the African way of life and has honouring and awarding traditional musicians become a prime means of artistic expression, with dance companies expanding and exploring across racial and ethnic backgrounds. new territory. The 10th SATMA Awards ceremony was held Contemporary work ranges from normal on 3 October 2015 in Richards Bay, KwaZulu- preconceptions of movement and performance­ Natal and the winners were: art or performance theatre to the completely • Best Sepedi Album: Mponi (Dula le nna). unconventional. • Best Tshivenda Album: April Ramufhi (Vhav- Added to this is the African experience, which enda vhalale). includes traditional dance inspired by wedding • Best Xitsonga Album: Joe Shirimani (Ni ceremonies, battles, rituals and the trifles of Heleketeni). everyday life. • Best isiNdebele Album: Smangele An informal but highly versatile performance venue in Johannesburg, The Dance Factory, (Ihlonipho) provides a permanent platform for a variety of • Best isiXhosa Album: Butho Vuthela (Emasi- dance and movement groups. mini kuyaphilwa Vol. 1). The University of the Witwatersrand (Wits) • Best Setswana Album: Diragammu Cultural Theatre is another popular dance venue. Group (). • Best Sesotho Album: Phoka le Moketa Dance Umbrella (Lipooho tsa Borhabela). The Dance Umbrella is an annual platform for • Best Siswati Album: Make Shelangubo South African contemporary dance at which new (Ngilele Ebaleni). choreographic creations are presented. It is an • Best Indian Album: Flash Entertainers open platform encompassing performances by youth and community groups, the efforts of young (Nagara touch and chutney hits). choreographers and commissioned works from • Best Boeremusiek Album: Hans Bothma professionals. The Dance Umbrella 2015 ran from (Langarm Boerejol). 26 February to 15 March and offered a once-in-a- • Best Maskandi Album: Amageza Amahle lifetime opportunity to discover, experience and (Ithende lemicimbi). enjoy contemporary dance on all levels. • Best Vernacular Hip-Hop Album: Zakwe New local and international works took over

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the city with dance. they received from nature. A highlight of the 2015 festival was the strong The oldest dated rock art in South Africa, focus on female choreographers. Since Dance an engraved stone, some 10 200 years, was Umbrella’s inception, male choreographers have discovered in a living floor at the Wonderwerk dominated the contemporary dance scene but Cave near Kuruman in the Northern Cape. this has shifted over the past years. The oldest painted stones (around 6 400 The Dance Umbrella 2015 focused on, years) were recovered at Boomplaas Cave in and celebrated both the established and the the Cango Valley near Oudtshoorn. young up-and-coming female choreographers Three painted stones were also found at the who will share the programme with their male Klasies River caves, which yielded the second- counterparts. In 2015 the Dance Umbrella oldest painted stone, dating back some 3 900 celebrated 26 years. years. The DAC supports a number of projects, Visual arts including a rock-heritage project in Clanwilliam South Africa has a rich variety of visual art, with in the Western Cape. influences ranging from pre-historic, ancient and In July 2014, millions of pieces of tools made indigenous art to western, Asian and contem- by humankind’s ancestors (possibly the Homo porary art. heidelbergensis species) were uncovered at Art galleries, ranging from small privately Kathu in the Northern Cape. The site is between owned commercial galleries, to major regional 700 000 and a million years old and used to be galleries such as the South African National a huge workshop to produce tools. The findings Gallery in Cape Town, the Durban Art Gallery in were published in the technical magazine, PLoS KwaZulu-Natal, the Johannesburg Art Gallery One, by the universities of Cape Town and in Gauteng and King George VI Gallery in Toronto (Canada) and the McGregor Museum in Port Elizabeth in the Eastern Cape, showcase Kimberley. The hominid species produced tools collections of indigenous, historical and contem- and equipment at the site for 20 000 to 30 000 porary works. years generation after generation. Educational institutions also play an import-ant role in acquiring works of national interest. Photography With its scenic beauty, abundant wildlife, diversity Rock art of cultures and rich historical heritage, South There are many traces of ancient cultures that Africa is a photographer’s paradise. existed in southern Africa in the distant past. Many South African photographers have Experts estimate that there are 250 000 rock-art been acclaimed for their work, which features sites south of the Zambezi. in coffee table books, documentaries, local The San people left a priceless and unique and international exhibitions, magazines and collection of Stone Age paintings and engravings newspapers. in the region, which also represents the largest Famous South African photo­graphers include collection of its kind in the world. Kevin Carter, Ernest Cole, Alf Kumalo, Peter Rock engravings are scattered on flat rock Magubane, Jürgen Schadeberg, Austin Stevens, surfaces and boulders throughout the interior. Greg Marinovich, Andrew Tshabangu, Sam The artworks depict mainly hunter-gatherers Nzima and James Oatway. and their relationship with the animal world and In June 2016, Peter Magubane launched a historical events, as well as their interaction with book titled June 16: 40th Anniversary Edition and observation of newcomers encroaching in Johannesburg. It is a pictorial account of upon their living space. the events that took place on 16 June 1976 - Indigenous people with spears and Nguni a fateful day that marked a significant change cattle, Khoikhoi fat-tailed sheep, European in the discourse of South Africa’s push for settlers on horseback with rifles and wagons, liberation. The foreword of the book was written and ships and soldiers in uniform were captured by Struggle veteran Winnie Madikizela-Mandela. in surprising detail. A number of photographers from the state Immortalised visions of the artists’ spiritual of emergency era partnered with the Mcgregor world can also be found on the sandstone Museum and the Nelson Mandela Foundation to canvases. honour photographers who played a fundamental These depict complex symbols and metaphors role in the liberation. to illustrate the supernatural powers and potency This museum is home an exhibition which tells

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forgotten stories and highlights South Africa’s Fugitive’s Drift in KwaZulu-Natal, offers a large heritage. variety of skilfully crafted basketry; the Northern Cape Schmidtsdrift community of displaced San Architecture people produces paintings influenced by ancient South Africa has a rich architectural heritage, rock art; and the Madi a Thavha Art Gallery in the reflecting contributions from all the cultural Soutpansberg region of the Limpopo produces groups in the country. Through the centuries, and sells a range of arts and crafts created by the a unique trend has developed in South Africa’s local Venda and Tsonga communities, including architectural style, which has been referred to as beautiful beadwork, sculptures, ceramics and an innovative marriage of traditions. jewellery. This is evident in the variety of architectural South African folk art is also making inroads structures found all over the country, ranging into Western-style “high art”. from humble dwellings, historical homesteads The Ndebele tradition of house-painting, and public buildings, to modern, commercial part of the widespread African practice of buildings reflecting state-of-the-art technology painting or decorating the exteriors of homes, and designs that match the best in the world. burgeoned amazingly with the advent of Schools of architecture exist within various commercial paints. South African universities, including the univer- It also gave rise to artists such as Esther sities of Pretoria, Cape Town, the Free State, Mahlangu, who has put her adaptations of the KwaZulu-Natal, the Witwatersrand and the distinctive, highly coloured geometric Ndebele Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University. designs on everything from cars to aeroplanes. Crafts Design A high level of skill is brought to the production of The Design Indaba Conference 2016 took place work that has long been a part of African society, from 17 to 19 February 2016 in Cape Town and has found new commercial outlets. and was broadcast live to broadcast live to six South African beadwork, once the insignia Southern African cities. of tribal royalty, has found a huge range of It was the first time that the annual Design applications, from the creation of coverings for Indaba festival was held at the Artscape Theatre everything such as bottles and matchboxes, to having had been held at the Cape Town Interna- the reproduction of the red AIDS ribbon using tional Convention Centre for over a decade. Zulu beadwork known as Zulu love letters. The festival comprised a varied programme of With workplaces ranging from the pavements creative talks, exhibits, films and music. and markets of the big cities to dwellings in deep rural areas, South Africans produce a remarkable Literature range of arts and crafts, including various South Africa has a rich and diverse literary his- forms of traditional artwork and innovative new tory, with realism, until relatively recently, domi- products. nating works of fiction. There are also several important collections of Fiction has been written in all of South Africa’s African art in South Africa, such as the Standard 11 official languages – with a large body of work Bank collection at the Gertrude Posel Gallery at in Afrikaans and English. This overview focuses Wits University, in Johannesburg. The Durban primarily on English fiction, though it also Art Gallery houses works of historical and touches on major poetic developments. anthropological significance. The local literature sector has become globally These range from jewellery, tableware, home competitive and the country’s writers continue to decorations, embroidery and key rings to skilfully command respect throughout the world. crafted wooden engravings and wirework Well-known South African writers include sculptures. In addition to the standard materials Nobel Prize winners JM Coetzee and Nadine such as beads, grass, leather, fabric and clay, Gordimer, Gcina Mhlope, Phaswane Mpe, Es’kia many other mediums are also used, including Mphahlele, Wally Serote, Athol Fugard, Herman telephone wire, plastic bags, empty cans, bottle Charles Bosman, Sir Percy Fitzpatrick, Breyten tops and even food tin labels, to create brightly Breytenbach, Dalene Matthee, Alan Paton, Olive coloured paper mâché bowls. Schreiner, Andre P Brink and Njabulo Ndebele. Shops, markets and collectors dealing in The current generation of writers are also African crafts provide much-needed employment making their mark on the world stage, with and income to communities. writers such as Zakes Mda, Niq Mhlongo and the

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late Kabelo K Sello Duiker, who have had their to promote writing among inmates. WordFest, novels translated into languages such as Dutch, a literary component of the Grahamstown German and Spanish; and Deon Meyer, whose Arts Festival, focuses on promoting literature work has attracted worldwide critical acclaim in indigenous languages. Also popular are and a growing international fan base. Originally the Johannesburg and Franschhoek literary written in Afrikaans, Meyer’s books have been festivals. translated into 25 languages, including English, There is an English Literary Museum in French, German, Dutch, Italian, Spanish, Danish, Grahamstown and an Afrikaans Museum in Norwegian, Swedish, Russian, Finnish, Czech, Bloemfontein. The Centre for African Literary Romanian, Slovakian, Bulgarian, Japanese and Studies at the University of KwaZulu-Natal is Polish. home to the Bernth Lindfors Collection of African Well-known poets include Keorapetse William literature. Kgositsile, Joseph Mbuyiseni Mtshali, Roy The centre’s mission is to promote a culture Campbell, Sheila Cussons, Jakob Daniël du of reading, writing and publishing in all local Toit (better known as Totius), Elisabeth Eybers, languages, and easy access to books for all Ingrid Jonker, Antjie Krog, Thomas Pringle, South Africans. NP van Wyk Louw and Eugène Marais. The new pop culture in poetry, often referred South African Literary Awards (SALA) to as “spoken-word poetry”, is one of the The SALA were held Tshwane Events Centre, most celebrated art forms in the country and Tshwane, Gauteng, in November 2015 and the beyond. Poets such as Lesego Rampolokeng, winners were: Lebogang Mashile, Kgafela oa Magogodi, Blaq • First-time Published Author Award: Carol Pearl, Jessica Mbangeni and Mark Manaka Campbell. are household names in the genre. Regular • Sello Duiker Memorial Literary Award: platforms have been created to give these poets Zukiswa Wanner. opportunities to hone their skills. • Creative Non-Fiction Award: Edwin The Publishing Association of South Africa is Cameron. committed to creativity, literacy, the free flow of • Lifetime Achievement Literary Award: ideas and encouraging a culture of reading. Achmat Dangor and Antjie Krog. In September 2015, National Book Week was • Poetry Award: Mangaliso Buzani, Charl- launched at Emoyeni Estate in Johannesburg Pierre Naude, Bishop MT Makobe. The campaign ran from 7 to 13 September 2015 • Nadine Gordimer Short Story Award: and it is an annual premier platform through Abraham H de Vries. which government, the book sector, media and • Literary Journalism Award: Michele civil society establish dynamic partnerships for Magwood. the promotion of the culture of reading. • Posthumous Literary Award: RRR Dhlomo, National Book Week is an initiative of the DAC HIE Dhlomo. in association with the SABDC. The campaign • Literary Translators Award: Karen Press. featured a number of reading activities for the • Chairperson’s Award: Prof Peter Mtuze. young and old including a bus full of activities that travelled throughout the country. Activities Film included storytelling, a toy library, poetry, The first-ever newsreel was shot in South Africa workshops and a mascot called Funda Bala who during the Anglo-Boer/South African War, which distributed books to children. ended in 1902. The weekly newsreel ran for The DAC supports the Baobab Literary more than 60 years. Film production began in Journal with the purpose of providing a regular 1916, when IW Schlesinger set up Killarney publishing platform for budding writers to appear Studios in Johannesburg. alongside seasoned ones. This publication The studio produced 42 movies between includes contributors from various countries 1916 and 1922. Access to international markets across the African continent and the Diaspora. became limited in the 1920s, and it was only in The department continues to support the Time the 1950s that the market picked up again, when of the Writer and the Poetry Africa festivals, held Afrikaans filmmakers developed an interest in annually in Durban. These festivals also deliver the industry. developmental workshops for young emerging In the 1980s, South Africa gave foreign writers, a schools programme and an initiative companies the opportunity to film movies in the with the Department of Correctional Services country by giving them tax breaks.

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The South African film industry contributes Box office revenues were R1,198 billion in R3,5 billion annually to the country’s GDP, while 2015. This was due to popular releases of films providing employment for more than 25 000 such as Fast & Furious 7, which was the top people. earner grossing R89,9 million, Star Wars was The South African government offers a the second highest grossing film taking R51,5 package of incentives to promote its film million for the eight weeks it was on circuit. production industry. Minions, which grossed R50 million in 12 weeks, The incentives comprise the Foreign Film and was amongst the top earning films. Television Production incentive to attract foreign- A total of 22 local films were released with based film productions to shoot on location a box office earning of R69,2 million which in South Africa, and the South African Film accounted for 6% of gross box office. and Television Production and Co-production The top three local films were Schuks! Pay incentive, which aims to assist local film Back the Money, which grossed R17,6 million, producers in producing local content. Ballade vir ‘n Enkeling grossed over R9 million South Africa’s first co-production treaty and Mooirivier made R7,2 million. was signed with Canada in 1997, followed by Comedy was the highest grossing genre Germany, Italy, the UK, France, Australia and with earnings of R28 million. The drama genre New Zealand. earned R22 million, and the romance genre The three largest film distributors in South made R13 million. Africa are Ster-Kinekor, United International Multilingual films were the most popular Pictures and Nu-Metro. Ster-Kinekor has a accounting for 14 titles released and the specialised art circuit, called Cinema Nouveau, accounted for 65% of the gross. with theatres in Johannesburg, Cape Town, South Africa has become steadily more Durban and Pretoria. popular in recent years as an international Film festivals include the Durban International filming location. Some international feature films Film Festival; the North West Film Festival; the that were shot on location in South Africa and Apollo Film Festival in Victoria West; the Three released in local cinemas include: Continents Film Festival (specialising in African, • Avengers: Age of Ultron was one of the most South American and Asian films); the Soweto anticipated titles which had a few scenes shot Film Festival; and the Encounters Documentary in the Johannesburg inner city and Sandton. Festival, which alternates between Cape Town • Mad Max Fury Road another moderate hit at and Johannesburg. the box office had scenes shot at the Cape Town film studios. National Film and Video Foundation A number of local films were well received by The NFVF is an agency of the DAC that was the international audience. Local Afrikaans film created to ensure the equitable growth of Die Windpomp (The Windmill) won the Audience South Africa’s film and video industry. The Award for Best Foreign Film at the 2015 Long NFVF provides funding for the development, Beach International Film Festival in New York, production, marketing and distribution of films competing against over 50 internationally and also the training and development of acclaimed films. filmmakers. In addition, the NFVF commissions Thina Sobabili won the coveted Audience research and produces industry statistics that Choice Award at the Pan African Film Festival provide both the public and stakeholders with 2015, which took place in Los Angeles. valuable insights into the South African film Miners Shot Down won Best Documentary at industry. the International Emmy Awards. In March 2015, the Eco Kids Film Initiative Necktie Youth, a local drama, won both screened many short films that were entered, the best South African feature award and the and sourced locally and abroad over the course international jury award for best director at the of seven days for children in Cape Town between Durban International Film Festival. the ages of three and 17. In March 2016, the foundation released its South African Film and Television Box Office Report for the period of January to Awards (SAFTAs ) December 2015. The SAFTAs, also known as the Golden The 2015 gross box office saw a growth of Horn Awards, were held in March 2016 in 36%, even though there was a price hike on Johannesburg. cinema tickets by exhibitors. The ceremony was hosted by Minnie Dlamini

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and Katlego Maboe who walked away with the • Best Achievement in Directing in a TV Best Presenter Award for a second year in a row. Soap: Eric Mogale, Siyabonga Mkhize, Nomhle Nkonyeni received the Lifetime Heather Cooke (Rhythm City). Achievement Award and in the new category, • Best TV Soap: Quizzical Pictures (Rhythm Special Recognition Awards were handed to City). Rhulani Baloyi and the UGU Film Festival for their contribution to provincial development. • Most Popular TV Soap: Skeem Saam. The winners were: • Special Recognition Award for Contribu- • Best Achievement by a Supporting Actor in tion to Persons with Disabilities: Rhulani a TV Comedy: Bongani Madondo (Kota Life Baloyi. Crisis: Season 2). • Special Recognition award for Contribu- • Best Achievement by a Supporting Actress tion to Provincial Development: UGU Film in a TV Comedy: Linda Sebezo (Gauteng Festival. Maboneng). • Best Student Film: Jabu (The Animation • Best Achievement by a Lead Actor in a TV School). Comedy: Mandla Gaduka (Gauteng Mabo- • Best Achievement by a Supporting Actor neng). in a Feature Film: Marius Weyers (Dis Ek, • Best Achievement by a Lead Actress in a Anna). TV Comedy: Robyn Scott (Those Who Can’t). • Best Achievement by a Supporting Actress • Best Achievement in Directing in a TV in a Feature Film: Tina Jaxa (While You Comedy: Krijay Govender, Joshua Rous, Weren’t Looking). Segomotso Keorapetse (Ga Re Dumele: Sea- • Best Achievement by a Lead Actor in a son 4). Feature Film: Mduduzi Mabaso (For Love • Best TV Comedy: Both Worlds (ZA News: and Broken Bones). Puppet Nation). • Best Achievement by a Lead Actress in a • Best Achievement by a Supporting Actor Feature Film: Fulu Mughovani (Ayanda). in a TV Drama: Deon Lotz (When We Were • Best Achievement in Directing in a Feature Black: Season 2). Film: Sara Blecher (Dis Ek, Anna). • Best Achievement by a Supporting Actress • Best Feature Film: Palama Productions (Dis in a TV Drama: Charmaine Mtinta (Matatiele). Ek, Anna). • Best Achievement by a Lead Actor in a TV Drama: Siyabonga Radebe (Saints and Sin- Museums ners: Season 1). Museums are the windows to the natural and • Best Achievement by a Lead Actress in a cultural heritage of a country. South Africa can justifiably be called the “museum country of TV Drama: Ntathi Moshesh (Saints and Sin- Africa”, with the earliest of its museums dating ners: Season 1). back to the first half of the 19th century. • Best Achievement in Directing in a TV There are more than 300 museums in South Drama: Rolisizwe Nikiwe, Zuko Nodada Africa. They range from museums of geology, (Matatiele). history, the biological sciences and the arts, • Best TV Drama: Quizzical Pictures (Umlilo). to mining, agriculture, forestry and many other • Best TV Presenter Non-Fiction: Variety: disciplines. Katlego Maboe for Expresso Morning Show. Visitors can find exhibits, both conventional • Best Achievement by a Supporting Actor in and eccentric, on every conceivable topic – from a TV Soap: Samson Kumalo (Isibaya: Season beer to beadwork, from fashion to food. New additions are those reflecting the 3). apartheid era, and commemorating those who • Best Achievement by a Supporting Actress fought and died for the cause of establishing a in a TV Soap: Maggie Benedict (Ashes to democratic country. Ashes). Most of the country’s national museums are • Best Achievement by a Lead Actor in a TV declared cultural institutions and fall under the Soap: Vusi Kunene (Isibaya). overall jurisdiction of the DAC. • Best Achievement by a Lead Actress in a They receive an annual subsidy from the TV Soap: Leeanda Reddy (Isidingo). department, but function autonomously.

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The following officially declared heritage President Mandela was imprisoned. institutions depend on annual transfers from the In April 2009, the DAC declared Freedom DAC: Park, Pretoria, a cultural institution under the • Northern Flagship Institutions, Pretoria Cultural Institutions Act of 1998. • Freedom Park, Pretoria The //hapo museum at the historic Freedom • Iziko Museum, Cape Town Park was officially unveiled in April 2013. • Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg The museum, which is situated at the top • Bloemfontein National Museum of Salvokop in Pretoria, will also serve as a • Afrikaans Language Museum, Paarl monument to the mighty legacy of South Africa’s • The National English Literary Museum, first democratically elected President, Nelson Grahamstown Mandela. • Msunduzi/Voortrekker Museum, Pietermar- //hapo is a Khoi word which means “a dream.” itzburg The museum will help the country define the • War Museum of the Boer Republics, history, in holistic terms, from the early wars of Bloemfontein dispossession such as the Khoikhoi-Dutch war • Museum, Cape Town in the 1500s; the arrival of Jan van Riebeeck • William Humphreys Art Gallery, Kimberley in the Cape in 1652; the Third War of Dispos- • Luthuli Museum, KwaDukuza session between the Khoisan and colonial • Nelson Mandela Museum, Mthatha. authorities in the 1800s; and the South African The following museums report to the Minister of War, previously known as the Anglo-Boer War, Arts and Culture: to the anti-apartheid struggle – all of which • Ditsong museums of South Africa form part of the freedom history and define • Iziko museums, Cape Town the freedom South Africans enjoy today. The • Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg museum is the result of nationwide consultative • National Museum, Bloemfontein processes that solicited advice from youth, • Language Museum, Paarl intellectuals, academics, artistic communities, • National English Literary Museum, women’s groups, traditional leaders and healers Grahamstown and faith-based organisations. • Msunduzi/Voortrekker Museum, Pietermar- It is a product of South Africans from all itzburg walks of life and is in every shape and form a • War Museum of the Boer Republics, community’s dream. Bloemfontein Other elements include a vast wall commem- • Robben Island Museum, Cape Town orating those who paid the ultimate price for • William Humphreys Art Gallery, Kimberley freedom, an eternal flame paying tribute to the • Engelenburg House Art Collection, Pretoria unknown and unsung heroes and heroines, a • Nelson Mandela Museum, Mthatha gallery dedicated to the legends of humanity, a • Luthuli Museum, KwaDukuza. symbolic resting place for those who have died The Ditsong museums of South Africa comprise and the story of southern Africa’s 3,6 billion the National Cultural History Museum, Kruger years of history. House, Tswaing Meteorite Crater, Willem Other museums­ administered by central Prinsloo Agricultural Museum, Pioneer Museum, government departments or research councils Sammy Marks Museum the Coert Steynberg are the: Museum, the Transvaal Museum and the South • Museum of the Council for Geoscience African National Museum of Military History in (Pretoria) Johannesburg. • Theiler Veterinary Science Museum at The Iziko museums of Cape Town comprise Onderstepoort (Pretoria) the South African Museum, the South African • South African Air Force Museum at Swartkop Cultural History Museum and its satellite Air Force Base (Pretoria) with its satellites in museums, the South African National Gallery, Cape Town, Port Elizabeth and Durban the William Fehr Collection and the Michaelis • museum of the Department of Correctional Collection. Services (Pretoria). The Robben Island Museum was established The best-known natural history collections in as a national monument and museum, and South Africa are housed in the Iziko museums, declared South Africa’s first world heritage site in the Ditsong museums of South Africa, the 1999. Guided tours are offered to historical sites National Museum and the KwaZulu-Natal on the island, including the cell in which former Museum.

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The following natural history museums do not Pilgrim’s Rest, Mpumalanga, where the first fall under the DAC, but work closely with the economically viable gold field was discovered. national heritage institutions: The entire village has been conserved and • McGregor Museum, Kimberley restored. • East London Museum Agriculture in South Africa is depicted mainly • South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, in two museums. These are Kleinplasie in Grahamstown Worcester, Western Cape, which showcases • Port Elizabeth Museum the wine culture and characteristic architecture • Durban Museum of Natural History. of the winelands; and the Willem Prinsloo The best-known cultural history collections are Agricultural Museum between Pretoria and housed in the Iziko and the Ditsong museums, Bronkhorstspruit, in Gauteng. as well as the Durban Local History Museum This museum comprises two “house” and Museum Africa in Johannesburg. museums and runs educational programmes The South African National Gallery in Cape based on its extensive collection of early Town and the William Humphreys Art Gallery in farming implements, vehicles of yesteryear and Kimberley report to the DAC. indigenous farm animals. The South African Cultural History Museum The Absa Museum and archives in (Slave Lodge) in Cape Town houses the oldest Johannesburg preserve the banking group’s cultural history collection in the country. more than 110 years of history. The museum The South African Museum (Cape Town) also houses a unique and very valuable coin and showcases the natural history of South Africa, banknote collection. and relics of the early human inhabitants of the The Apartheid Museum in Johannesburg subcontinent. offers a realistic view of the political situation in The huge Whale Hall houses possibly the South Africa during the apartheid years. most impressive of all its exhibitions. This is the Exhibitions in the museum include audiovisual only collection in South Africa with a planetarium footage recorded during the apartheid era. attached to it. The Red Location Museum in Port Elizabeth The Transvaal Museum in Pretoria houses the highlights the struggle against apartheid and has skull of Mrs Ples, a 2,5-million-year-old hominid won several international awards. fossil, and depicts the origin and development A common type of museum in South Africa of life in South Africa, from the most primitive is the “house” museum. Examples include unicellular form of life to the emergence of an entire village nucleus in Stellenbosch; mammals and the first human beings. the mansion of the millionaire industrialist It has an impressive collection of early human Sammy Marks; the Kruger House Museum, the fossils and houses some of the largest herpeto- residence of Paul Kruger, former President of logical and ornithological collections in southern the Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek; and Melrose Africa. House, where the Peace Treaty of Vereeniging The Tswaing Meteorite Crater, situated to the that ended the Second Anglo-Boer/South north-west of Pretoria, combines a museum with African War (1899 to 1902) was signed, around a cultural-development initiative. the massive dining table, on 31 May 1902, in The National Cultural History Museum in Pretoria. Pretoria is a centre for the preservation and Simpler variations include the Pioneer promotion of the culture and heritage of all South Museum and 1848 house in Silverton, Pretoria; Africans. and the Diepkloof Farm Museum featuring a It explores cultural diversity and common- farmhouse dating back to the 1850s, at Suiker- alities, links the present and the past to offer a bosrand near Heidelberg, in Gauteng. better understanding of both, and nurtures the There are several open-air museums that living cultures of all South Africans. showcase the black cultures of the country, for Mining is best represented by the De Beers example, Tsonga Kraal near Letsitele, Limpopo; Museum at the Big Hole in Kimberley, where the Ndebele Museum in Middelburg, Mpumalanga; visitors can view the biggest hole ever made by the Bakone Malapa Museum in Polo- man with pick and shovel. kwane, Limpopo; and the South Sotho Museum It includes an open-air museum, which houses in Witsieshoek, Free State. many buildings dating back to the era of the The South African Museum for Military diamond diggings. History in Johannesburg reflects the military Another important mining museum is at history of the country, while the War Museum

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in Bloemfontein depicts the Anglo-Boer/South the National Archives’ capacity to document the African War, in particular. spoken word, and fill the gaps in the archives of The famous battlefields of KwaZulu-Natal, the previously disadvantaged communities. Northern Cape and North West are also worth The automated National Register of Oral a visit. Sources is an important element of the On 18 May, the world celebrates Interna- programme. tional Museum Day which is coordinated by the The National Oral History Association, which International Council of Museums. The event was established in 2006, hosts annual oral highlights a specific theme that changes every history conferences. year and that is at the heart of the international The National Archives’ outreach programme museum community’s preoccupations. promotes the use of its facilities and functions. The theme of International Museum Day Archives are taken to the people of South Africa 2015 was “Museums for a Sustainable through coordinated national and provincial Society”. The theme recognised the role of archive services. museums in raising public awareness about The National Archives is also responsible for the need for a society that is less wasteful, ensuring effective, transparent and accountable more cooperative and uses resources in a way management of all public records. that respects living systems. In 2015, more The Convention for a Democratic South Africa than 35 000 museums participated in the event and the multiparty South African collections have in some 145 countries. been nominated and provisionally registered for the UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Archives Organisation (UNESCO) Memory of the World The archives of governmental bodies are International Register. transferred to archive repositories after 20 years, This is part of South Africa’s contribution to the and are accessible to the public and to the office documented collective memory of the peoples of of origin. the world. The National Archives in Pretoria includes the National Film, Video and Sound Archives Library and information services (NFVSA). (LIS) Its primary functions are to obtain and South Africa’s growing LIS sector includes preserve films, videotapes and sound recordings the NLSA, a statutory body; the South African of archival value, and to make these available for Library for the Blind (SALB); Blind South Africa research and reference purposes. (Blind SA); public/community libraries; special The archives of central government are libraries; government libraries; and higher preserved in the National Archives’ repository in education libraries. Pretoria. The nine provinces run their archiving services National Library of South Africa independently from the National Archives. The NLSA was established after the merger The retrieval of information from archives is of the former State Library in Pretoria and the facilitated by the National Automated Archival former South African Library in Cape Town, and Information System, which can be found includes a specialist unit, the Centre for the Book at www.national.archives.gov.za. in Cape Town. It includes national registers of manuscripts, The NLSA in Pretoria has seating capacity for photographs and audiovisual material. 1 300 library users. The National Archives is responsible for The NLSA offers free Internet access to users collecting non-public records with enduring in Cape Town and Pretoria. value of national significance. The Centre for the Book promotes the culture The National Archives also renders a of reading, writing and publishing in all official regulatory records-management service with languages of South Africa. regard to current records in governmental The NLSA is a custodian and provider of the bodies, aimed at promoting efficient, transparent nation’s knowledge resources. It is mandated to and accountable administration. collect and preserve intellectual documentary In so doing, it is obliged to pay special attention heritage material and make it accessible to aspects of the nation’s experience neglected worldwide. by archives of the past. Its collections contain a wealth of information The Oral History Programme seeks to build sources, including rare manuscripts, books,

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periodicals, government publications, foreign National Council for Library and official publications, maps, technical reports, and Information Services (NCLIS) special interest material, including Africana and The NCLIS is an advisory council that advises the newspapers. ministers of arts and culture, of basic education The functions of the NLSA are to: and of higher education and training on matters • build a complete collection of published relating to LIS to support and stimulate the documents emanating from or relating to socio-economic, educational, cultural, recrea- South Africa tional, scientific research, technological and • maintain and preserve these collections information development of all communities in • provide access to them through bibliographic, the country. reference, information and interlending The council is broadly representative and services councillors are appointed for their expertise and • promote information awareness and literacy. experience in the field of LIS. In terms of the Legal Deposit Act, 1997 (Act 54 Members serve on the council for a renewable of 1997), the NLSA receives two copies of each term of three years. book, periodical, newspaper, map, manuscript Some important policy matters include the material or other publication that is published development of the Library and Information in South Africa in any medium, whether print or Services Transformation Charter, which aligns electronic. the role of libraries with the vision and strategic The Bookkeeper Mass De-Acidification has framework of government; the training of been installed at the NLSA in Pretoria to treat librarians; and the funding of the sector. books and archival non-book material to extend the useful life of paper collections. Legal Deposit Committee (New The NLSA is also able to offer moderate Members July 2016) services to local libraries, archives and museums. The Legal Deposit Committee was appointed in The NLSA is a link between the LIS sector and terms of the Legal Deposit Act of 1997, which is heritage sector. It will influence a social cohesive administered by the DAC. nation by providing free and equitable access The committee members serve on the to knowledge and information resources, with a committee for a renewable term of three years. theme: “A reading nation is a thriving nation.” The mandate of the Act includes: • providing for the preservation of the national Library and Information Association documentary heritage through the legal of South Africa deposit of published documents Libraries have always played a role in • ensuring the preservation and cataloguing education,whether school, academic, public or of, and access to, published documents special libraries. emanating from, or adapted for, South Africa Where there are not enough school libraries, • providing for access to government information. public libraries are largely bridging the gap. The core functions of the Legal Deposit The concept of lifelong learning is one Committee include: embodied in all libraries, especially public and • advising the Minister on any matter dealt with community libraries. in this Act That any person, young or old, rich or poor, • making recommendations to the Minister employed or unemployed, can walk into a concerning any regulations which the Minister library and find information (in both electronic may make under this Act and traditional formats) to educate and enrich • coordinating the tasks carried out by the themselves, is one of the major benefits of places of legal deposit libraries. • advising any place of legal deposit regarding National Library Week was held from 14 to any matter dealt with in this Act. 21 March 2015 and the theme was “Connect @ The places of legal deposit are: the NLSA; Your Library” based on the premise that libraries the Library of Parliament in Cape Town; the connect people to each other, to knowledge and Mangaung Public Library in Bloemfontein; the information, to print and electronic resources, to Msunduzi/Voortrekker Municipal Library in technology and to professional support. Pietermaritzburg; and the NFVSA in Pretoria. The Act also provides for the establishment of official publications depositories (OPDs), namely the Constitutional Court Library in Johannesburg;

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Phuthaditjhaba Public Library in the Free State; • advocacy (to act as a pressure group for the North West Provincial Library, Information disability rights) and Archives Service; and the Mpumalanga • Braille publications at affordable prices in all Library Services. the official languages • free Braille training (newly blind people or South African Library for the Blind previously disadvantaged blind people) The SALB is a statutory organisation located in • free orientation and mobility training (newly Grahamstown in the Eastern Cape. Its purpose is blind people or previously disadvantaged blind to provide, free of charge as far as is reasonably people). possible, a national LIS to serve blind and print- handicapped readers in South Africa. International relations It is partly state-funded and depends for the The DAC’s participation in various activities remainder of its financial needs on funds from in the international cultural arena helps the private sector and the general public. to identify, promote and exploit mutually The SALB also produces documents in special beneficial partnerships for social and economic media such as Braille, audio and tactile formats. development in South Africa. It develops standards for the production of such Together with the African Union (AU) and the documents and researches production methods New Partnership for Africa’s Development, South and technology in the appropriate fields. Africa has embarked on the road to restoring, It also acquires, manufactures and dissem- preserving and protecting its African heritage. inates the technology people with visual The department ensures that South African disabilities use to read. The SALB has five broad talent takes its rightful place on the global stage, objectives, namely to significantly contribute and uses arts and culture as a tool for economic towards: self-liberation. • helping to build a nation of readers Bilateral agreements have been signed with • assisting the organised blind community France, the UK, China, Cuba, India, New Zealand • improving the lives of individuals with print and many more. disabilities by meeting their information needs South Africa ratified the Convention on the • helping the state to discharge its cultural Promotion and Protection of Cultural Diversity in mandate, and its obligations to blind and 2006, becoming the 35th member country to do visually impaired people so. • assisting Africa’s development by providing In the area of international cooperation on advice, expertise and documents in accessible cultural development, the DAC is committed to formats for blind people and the institutions promoting the African Agenda. that serve their information needs. The DAC continues to encourage and support The SALB has a membership of about 3 655 initiatives to promote South African artists on the people, an audio and Braille collection of more world stage. than 25 600 books, and an annual circulation of 133 222 books in Braille or audio format. Indigenous music and oral history To make library services more accessible, The International Library of African Music the SALB partners 82 public libraries providing (ILAM), attached to the Music Department at accessible reading material and assisting Rhodes University, is the largest repository of devices. African music in the world. Founded in 1954 by ethnomusicologist Hugh Tracy, ILAM is devoted Blind SA to the study of music and oral arts in Africa. It Blind SA is an organisation of the blind, governed preserves thousands of historical recordings, by the blind, and is located in Johannesburg. going back to 1929, and supports contemporary It provides services for blind and partially fieldwork. sighted individuals to uplift and empower them The DAC has entered into partnerships with by publishing books, magazines and other the universities of Venda, Fort Hare and Zululand documents in Braille. Blind SA provides: to conduct research into indigenous music and • study bursaries for blind and partially sighted instruments, as well as identifying and collecting students all aspects of intangible cultural heritage in their • interest-free loans (for adaptive equipment) provinces. • information (including free Braille magazines) The department and the African Cultural • assistance in finding sustainable employment Heritage Fund promote indigenous music

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by hosting regional, provincial and national indigenous dance and music competitions. On 4 July 2015, the ILAM hosted Celebrating African Music, a festive concert marking ILAM’s 60th anniversary, at the Transnet Great Hall in Grahamstown, Eastern Cape.

African World Heritage Fund (AWHF) The AWHF provides financial and technical support for the conservation and protection of Africa’s natural and cultural heritage of outstanding universal value. The fund was established as a result of work undertaken by African member states of UNESCO, with the objective of developing an ongoing strategy to deal with the challenges that most African countries have in implementing the World Heritage Convention. The AWHF is the first regional funding initiative within the framework of the UNESCO World Heritage Convention. The AWHF strives towards the effective conservation and protection of Africa’s natural and cultural heritage. AWHF is aimed at AU member states that signed the 1972 UNESCO World Heritage Convention in support of these goals. In April 2016, the AWHF and UNESCO collab- orated to host the first regional Youth Forum for World Heritage in the Africa region as well as an international conference on Conser- vation of African World Heritage properties and Sustainable Development.

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