Early Cape Farmsteads World Heritage Site Nomination
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EARLY CAPE FARMSTEADS WORLD HERITAGE SITE NOMINATION GROOT CONSTANTIA AND VERGELEGEN CITY OF CAPE TOWN, WESTERN CAPE PROVINCE OF THE REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA INTEGRATED CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT PLAN (FOR PUBLIC COMMENT) Western Cape Department of Cultural Affairs and Sport Heritage Western Cape Sarah Winter In association with Nicolas Baumann, Marianne Gertenbach, Graham Jacobs, Antonia Malan, Laura Robinson, Richard Summers and Johan van Papendorp Draft Version 4: February 2019 GROOT CONSTANTIA Sketch by E.V van Stade, 1710 Gabled homestead with mountain backdrop and vineyard setting Homestead with vineyard setting Constantiaberg and vineyard covered slopes Views from the werf towards False Bay Oak avenue on axis with homestead front entrance Tree lined avenue to Cloete bath Homestead Homestead rear view Cloete wine cellar Cloete wine cellar detail of pediment Jonkershuis complex Homestead interior Hoop op Constantia (originally Klein Constantia) VERGELEGEN View of Vergelegen depicted in Korte Deductie,1708 View of Vergelegen depicted in the Contra Deductie, 1712 Upper reaches of the estate to be designated a Private Nature Reserve (2000 hectares) with the backdrop of the Helderberg Mountains Lourensford River Protected Natural Environment View across the Vergelegen farmlands towards the Helderberg Mountains Vineyard covered slopes with modern wine cellar and backdrop of the Helderberg Mountains View across dam towards vineyard covered slopes and modern wine cellar Vergelegen gardens with the backdrop of the Helderberg Mountains Octagonal walled garden and north east elevation of the homestead South west elevation of the homestead and historic camphor trees South west elevation of the homestead and historic camphor trees (Paul Goddard) North east elevation of homestead South west elevation of homestead and historic camphor trees Gable detail of homestead Gable detail of homestead 19th century wine cellar, now library Early 20th century additions to homestead GLOSSARY OF TERMS Archaeological Defined in the National Heritage Resources Act: “(a) material remains resulting from human activity which are in a state of disuse and are in or on land and which are older than 100 years, including artefacts, human and hominid remains and artificial features and structures; (b) rock art, being any form of painting, engraving or other graphic representation on a fixed rock surface or loose rock or stone, which was executed by human agency and which is older than 100 years, including any area within 10m of such representation; (c) wrecks, being any vessel or aircraft, or any part thereof, which was wrecked in South Africa, whether on land, in the internal waters, the territorial waters or in the maritime culture zone of the Republic, as defined respectively in sections 3, 4 and 6 of the Maritime Zones Act, 1994 (Act No. 15 of 1994), and any cargo, debris or artefacts found or associated therewith, which is older than 60 years or which SAHRA considers to be worthy of conservation; and (d) features, structures and artefacts associated with military history which are older than 75 years and the sites on which they are found.” Buffer zone Defined in the Operational Guidelines as “an area surrounding the nominated property which has complimentary legal and/or customary restrictions placed on its use and development to give an added layer of protection to the property.” Buitenverblijven Dutch word for a country house. Cape Dutch architecture Architectural tradition at the Cape which emerged in the later 18th century and into the early 19th century. Cape Floral Region Inscribed as a World Heritage Site in 2004 to include the Protected Areas Boland Mountain Complex, Baviaanskloof Mega Reserve, World Heritage Site: Boosmansbos Wilderness Area, Cederberg, De Hoop Nature Reserve, Winterhoek, Swartberg and Table Mountain National Park. World Heritage Site inscribed in terms of natural criteria ix and x. Cape Revival architecture Architectural style at the Cape influenced by the Arts and Crafts movement during the early 20th century. Core Area comprising the proposed Early Cape Farmsteads World Heritage Site including the entire Groot Constantia landholdings and the historic core of Vergelegen. Environmental Impact Environmental assessment under the provisions of the Assessment National Environment Management Act (Act 107 of 1998) EIA Regulations Groot Constantia Estate Total extent of the landholdings comprising Groot Constantia measuring 148,5802 hectares and including Erf 1064, Erf 2744, Erf 2755, Erf 2623, Erf 2761, Erf 6599, Erf 7395, Erf 10860, Erf 10861, Erf 10862 and Erf 10779 in Constantia. Heritage Impact Heritage assessment under the provisions of Section 38 of the Assessment National Heritage Resources Act (Act 25 of 1999) to determine impacts of development on heritage resources and whether or not development should proceed on heritage grounds. Hallenhuis Dutch word for a three aisled barn based on a northern European vernacular design, otherwise known as a loshuis. Historic core Farmsteads of Groot Constantia and Vergelegen including their respective homesteads, outbuildings, landscape elements and spaces. Hofstede Dutch word for a homestead. Homestead Primary dwelling within a farmstead. Jonkershuis Dutch word, similar in meaning to a dowager house. Traditionally a jonkershuis was either used by the widow or dowager of the estate-owner or by the elder son after his marriage. Landhuizen Dutch word referring to the country houses in Curaçao built in the 18th and 19th centuries. Quinquennial inspections Inspection regimes applied in the UK based on a 5-year cycle to ensure the sustainability of historic fabric. Vergelegen Estate Total extent of landholdings comprising Vergelegen measuring 3020 hectares and including Farm Rem 744, measuring 1284,3508 hectares, Farm 744/1, measuring 19,3398 hectares and Farm 744/2, measuring 1712,3697 hectares. Werf Dutch word for a farm homestead and farmyard. Translated literally as a ‘raised ground on which a house is built’. ABBREVIATIONS BWI Biodiversity & Wine Initiative (WWF) DEA&DP Department of Environmental Affairs and Development Planning DEIC Dutch East India Company DCAS Department of Cultural Affairs and Sport EIA Environmental Impact Assessment HIA Heritage Impact Assessment HWC Heritage Western Cape ICMP Integrated Conservation Management Plan ICOMOS International Council on Monuments and Sites Iziko Iziko Muzeums of South Africa MEC Member of the Executive Committee in the Province MOI Memorandum of Incorporation MOU Memorandum of Understanding NHRA National Heritage Resources Act (Act 25 of 1999) NEMA National Environment Management Act (Act 107 of 1998) NEMPAA National Environmental Management: Protected Areas Act (Act 57 of 2003) NTSS National Tourism Sector Strategy 2016 – 2026 OG Operational Guidelines to the World Heritage Convention OUV Outstanding Universal Value SA Republic of South Africa SAHRA South African Heritage Resources Agency SANParks South African National Parks TMNP Table Mountain National Park UK United Kingdom WHS World Heritage Site WHC World Heritage Convention WHCA World Heritage Convention Act (Act 49 of 1999) WWF World Wildlife Fund UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE 1 INTRODUCTION 4 - 5 1.1 Methodology statement 2. JUSTIFICATION FOR WORLD HERITAGE SITE INSCRIPTION 6 - 20 2.1 Statement of Outstanding Universal Value 2.2 Proposed criteria for inscription 2.3 Expanded statement of significance 2.4 Statement of authenticity and integrity 2.4.1 Operational Guidelines and Nara Documents on authenticity 2.4.2 Authenticity in terms of the World Heritage Convention 2.4.3 Integrity in terms of the World Heritage Convention 2.4.4 Summary 3. BOUNDARIES OF THE WORLD HERITAGE SITE 21 3.1 Core area 3.2 Buffer area 4. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PROPERTIES 22 - 35 4.1 Groot Constantia 4.1.1 Physical qualities 4.1.2 Property ownership 4.1.3 Management structure 4.1.4 Heritage protection status 4.1.4.1 Provincial heritage site 4.1.4.2 Constantia-Tokai Historic Farmlands Grade I Landscape 4.1.4.3 Cape Floristic Region Protected Areas World Heritage Site 4.1.5 Land use zoning of the property 4.1.5.1 Land use zoning of adjacent properties 4.1.6 Applicable municipal planning policy frameworks 4.1.7 Potential land claims 4.2 Vergelegen 4.2.1 Physical qualities 4.2.2 Property ownership 4.2.3 Management structure 4.2.4 Heritage protection status 4.2.4.1 Provincial heritage site 4.2.4.2 Cape Floral Region Protected Areas World Heritage Site 4.2.5 Property land use zoning 4.2.5.1 Land use zoning of adjacent properties 4.2.6 Applicable municipal planning policy frameworks 4.2.7 Lourens River Protected Natural Environment 5. PRELIMINARY HERITAGE INVENTORY 36 6. CURRENT STATE OF CONSERVATION 37 - 65 6.1 Groot Constantia 6.1.1 Historical built environment 6.1.2 Landscape elements and character 6.1.3 Archaeological record 6.1.4 Natural and cultural setting 6.1.5 Public associations and values 6.2 Vergelegen 6.2.1 Historical built environment 6.2.2 Landscape elements and character 6.2.3 Archaeological record 6.2.4 Natural and cultural setting 6.2.5 Public associations and values 6.3 Composite comments for both estates 6.3.1 Historical built environment 1 6.3.2 Landscape elements and character 6.3.3 Archaeological record 6.3.4 Natural and cultural setting 6.3.5 Public associations and values 7. FACTORS AFFECTING THE PROPERTIES 66 - 82 7.1 Groot Constantia 7.1.1 Development pressure 7.1.2 Environmental pressure including natural disasters and risk preparedness 7.1.3 Visitor and tourism pressure 7.1.4 Economic and agricultural activity pressure 7.2 Vergelegen 7.2.1 Development pressure 7.2.2 Environmental pressure including natural disasters and risk preparedness 7.2.3 Visitor and tourism pressure 7.2.4 Economic and agricultural activity pressure 7.3 Composite comments for both estates 7.3.1 Development pressure 7.3.2 Environmental pressure including natural disasters and risk preparedness 7.3.3 Visitor and tourism pressure 7.3.4 Economic and agricultural activity pressure 8.