ECONOMIC & SOCIAL STATISTICS

OF SRI LANKA

*{ 15 Jii['iutu

* I STATISTICS DEPARTMENT I I OF THE VOL. Vil CENTRAL BANK OF CEYLON December 1984 ECONOMIC & SOCIAL STATISTICS OF SRI LANKA 4 CONTENTS 1,0 CLIMATE Page 3,0 NATIONAL ACCOI]NTS

Ll Mean Temperature in Selected Centres I Page 1.2 Average Rainfall by Districts 2 3.1 National Accounts : Sri Lanka Compared with 1.3 Average Number of Rainy Days J Selected Countries t6 1.4 Humidity in Selected Centres-1983 4 3.2 National Accounts t7 1.5 Humidity in Selected Centres-1984 5 3.3 Composition of National lncome l8 3.4 National Product, Expenditure and the Public 2.O POPULATION,A Debt t9 PIVTPLOYMENT 4,O AGRICI.ILTIJRE 2.1 Vital Statistics : Sri Lanka Compared with Selected Countries 6 4.1 Agriculture : Sri Lanka Compared with Selected 2.2 Population 7 Countries 20 2.3 Population by Districts and Sectors 8 4.2 Land and Land Use by Districts 2l 2.4 Percentage Distribution of Population by 4.3 Tea 22 Religion & Ethnic Groups-1981 .. 9 4.4 Rubber 23 2.5 Percentage Didtribution of Population by 4.5 Coconut 24 Religion and Ethnic Groups l88l - l98l l0 4.6 Minor Export Crops 25 2.6 Vital Statistics ll 4.7 Paddy Production 26 b 2.7 Crude Birth Rates & Death Rates by Districts t2 4.8 Paddy Marketing 27 2.8 Population Density l3 49 Other Food Crops 28 2.9 RepatriationunderSirima-ShastriAgreement t4 4.10 Livestock 29 2.10 Employment, Labour Force & Unemployment 4.tl Yield oI Selected Agricultural Crops Per Hectare 30 Rates l5 4.r2 Fertilizer 3l .![/AGES 5,O INDUSTRY Page 7.O PRICES @ 5.1 Industrial Activities : Sri Lanka Compared Page Selected Countries 32 1.1 Consumer Price lndices : Sri Lanka Compared |r 5.2 Value of Industrial Production JJ with Selected Countries 57 5.3 Tcxtiles 34 7.2 Colombo Consumer's Price Index 58 5.4 Steel 35 7.3 Wholesale Price Index 59 t 5.5 Cement 36 7.4 Construction Cost Index 60 -5.6 Petroleum 37 7.5 Average Daily Wage Rates in Agriculture and 5.7 Tyres 38 Building Construction 6l 5.8 Minerals 39 7.6 Average Retail Prices of Selected Consumer ltems 63 5.9 Paper a-nd Paper Products 40 7.7 Aveiage Producer Prices 67 5.10 Cera-mics 4l 7.8 Avelage Retail Prices of Agricultural lnputs 70 5.ll Milk & Milk Products 42 5.12 Sugar 43 5.13 Fisheries 44 E.O FINANCE

6,0 TRADE 8.1 Monetary and Fiscal Activities : Sri Lanka 6.1 Tla-de : Sri Lanka Compared with Selected Compared with Selected Countries 74 Countries 45 8.2 Monetary Trends 75 6.2 Extelnal Trade 46 8.3 Banking Density by Districts-I983 76 11 6.3 Major Imports 47 8.4 Banking Development-Number of Branches 6.4 Quantity of Majol Imports of Selected Itcms 48 8.5-' Dcposits uith the Ccrnmercral Banks 78 6.5 Quantity of Major Exports of Selected Items 49 8.6 Loa-ns and Advances of Commercial Banks 79 6.6 Major Import Sources 50 8.7 Govelnment Finance 80 6.7 Major Expolt Markets 5l 8.8 Government Current Payments 8l 6.8 Centra-l Bank Tra-de Indices-Imports 52 8.9 Government Capital Paymcnts 82 6.9 Central Bank lra-dc Indices-Exports 53 8.10 Foreign Assistance 83 a 6.i0 Central Bank Trade Indices-Value 54 8.11 Plivate Remittances from Abroad 84 6.1I Balance of Payments 55 8.12 Composition of Public Debt 85 6.12 Malketing Outlets of the Government and Public 8.13 Owncrship of Rupee Securities and Treasury Bills 86 Sector 56 8.14 EnC ofPeriod Exchange Rates 87 9.0 TRA,NSPORT 1O.O SOCIAL SERVICES Page Page l0.l Social Indicators: Sri Lanka Compared with Selected Countries 95 9.1 Transport : Sri Lanka Compared with Selected tO.2 General Education 96 Countries 88 10.3 Higher Education 97 9.2 Road Kilometreage 89 lO.4 Health 98 10.5 Activities of Health Campaigns 99 9-3 Motor Transport 90 10.6 Hundred Thousand Housing Programme .. 100 9.4 Sri Lanka Central Transport Board 9l lO.7 Posts and Telecommunications (l) .. lol Posts and Telecommunications (2) 9.5 Sri Lanka Railways 92 10.8 .. ro2 10.9 Electricity .. lo3 9.6 Aviation 93 10.10 Tourism .. 104 9.7 Shipping 94 10.1I Film Industry ,. 105

11.0 GENERAL

ll.l Greater Colombo Economic Commission 106 -Projects-f984 ll.2 Investment Approvals (outside the G. C. E. CF 1984 108 I1.3 Circulation of Newspapers 109 ll.4 Prisons and Prisoners . ll0 I.I MEAN TEMPERATURE IN SELECTED CENTRES 1973-1984

In Degrees Celsius

1983

t. Anuradhapura 27.3 27.3 27.1 27.8 27 .6 27.8 28.3 28.2 27.9 28.0 28.9 )1 1 2. Badulla 23.7 23.4 a).J 23.4 23.6 23.'1 23.7 23.9 23.4 23.6 24.6 23.5 Batticaloa 28.0 27.6 )1 1 )1 1 'r1 1 28.3 28.3 28.3 27.5 27 .6 27 .9 27.6 )1 a )1 1 'r1 < )7\ 27 27 ^ Colombo 27.7 27.O zo.y 27 .7 27.8 .3 27.8 .l 5. Diyatalawa 20.5 19.7 r9.8 20. I 20.4 20 4, 207 20.5 20.3 20.6 2t.o 20.0 6. Gallc 26.7 26.3 26.5 26.6 26.6 26.7 ?70 27 .O 27 .9 26.9 2'1 .3 26.7 1 Hambantota 27.6 27.1 27.O 2,".2 27.2 27 .2 275 27 .3 28. I 27.O 27.6 27.4 8. Jaffna 28.1 27.6 27 .7 27 .7 27.8 28 .0 28.3 28.4, 28.0 28.1 28 .6 26.8 9. Kandy 24.9 24.1 24,3 24.8 2/,.8 24.7 25.r 24.8 24.6 25.1 25.3 24.3 10. Kankesanturai 28.3 27.9 28.1 28,1 28.0 28 1 28.2 28.2 )1 . 28.0 28.6 28 .3 ll. Katunayake n.8 )1 ) zI.5 )1 < 27 .6 27.8 28.r 27.9 27 .7 27 .6 25.6 27.2 12. Kurunegala 27.7 26.9 )1 A 27 .6 27 .7 27 .6 280 )'7 K zt.t 28.1 26.8 a1 1 13. Maha Illuppallanra 27 -8 27.O 27.O 27 ,6 27.3 27 .6 28.1 28.1 27.3 28.5 27.4 v,. Mannar 28.1 27.8 27 .7 27.8 28.0 280 28.3 28 .3 27.9 28.1 28.5 )'1 cl t5. Mulathivu 28 .5 28.7 23.9 25.0 16. Nuwara Eliya 16. 3 l5 .7 15.8 l5.6 ts.7 I 6.5 15.6 17. Potiuvil 28.5 27.8 18. Puttalam 28.0 27.4 27 .6 27.8 27.9 27jo 27 .9 28.1 )1 1 27.8 28.0 27.2 19. Ratmalana 27 .3 )4 1 26.9 27.1 2'1 .2 26.8 17 /r- 27.6 27.4 )7< 27.6 27 .s 20. Ratnapura 27.7 27.1 27 .l 27.6 27.8 27.4 27.6 2't .7 ^n, 2'1 .5 28.2 27.2 21 . Trincomalec 28.6 28.1 28.2 28.5 28 .8 28.6 28 .9 29.1 28.6 28,9 26.5 27.8 22. Vavuniya n.8 n.2 27 .3 27.8 27.4 2t.8 28. r 27.8 27 .6 28.0 28.8 )1 1

Source : Dc'partment of Meteorology. I.2 AVERAGE RAINFALL BY DISTRICTS 1973 _ 1984

In Millinetres

District 1981

l. Colombo 2,505 2,743 2,886 2,107 3,425 2,419 ) \1< 2,121 2,389 2,922 2,024 3 2. Gampaha* n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 2,683'015 3. Kalutara 3,640 4,090 4,060 1 ?{' 4,157 2,926 7, 11) 2,905 7 )7) 3,761 3,6'13 4,477 4. Kandy 2,422 3,340 3 ,419 2,359 2,745 3 ,350 2,909 2,464 2,535 3,072 2,029 3,046 5 Matalc | ,256 I ,035 I ,393 I ,16l I ,g4g | ,465 I ,4gg 7 ,749 1,552 | ,829 | ,255 2,524 6. Nuwara Eliya | ,739 2,2O7 2,299 I ,619 2,Ogg 2,410 2,616 2,lll 2,250 I ,9gg 1,321 3,4ll 7. Gallc 3,220 3,5'14 2,997 3,603 2,'166 3,O94 3,210 2,162 2,449 3,046 1,444 2,740 8. Matara 2,917 2,046 3,131 a all 2,629 2,844 2,369 2,212 3,296 3,122 2,0M 2,617 9. Hambantota I ,780 I ,309 | ,072 I ,289 ,421 | ,214 ,281 | ,l2g 7 ,542 I ,080 | 3eo 10. Jaffna | ,292 708 rJro I ,088 I ,439 ,214 | ,441 846 |,297 980 I ,170 2,016 ll. Mannar 1,150 465 1 ,810 961 1 ,210 ,o52 I ,200 643 956 920 191 1,445 12. Vavuniya I ,509 820 I ,514 | ,2lg | ,479 ,401 1,497 761 I ,396 I,133 I,310 2,390 13. Mulathivu+ n.a, n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 2,004 14. Batticaloa I ,394 925 | ,491 1,516 I ,409 I ,690 986 7,32O I ,349 97r ) t1< 15. Ampara | ,f42 | ,539 I ,610 1,469 1,315 ,284 | ,3O4 ,l l9 I ,609 I ,394 I ,099 7 ,829 16. a a11 Trincomalce l,llg 933 948 939 7,1o2 ,256 I ,349 t t5 l,4lg I ,501 I,lg5 11. Kur uncgala | ,f29 | ,41'I | ,877 1,492 | ,742 ,822 I,615 ,350 I ,398 | ,970 | ,154 2,092 18. Puttalam I ,578 I,156 1,429 7,224 I,9lg ,5CO I ,290 I,l5g 1,294 817 2,2A6 t9. ,035 Anuradhapura | ,164 893 I,193 7 ,201 I,6gl ,265 1,246 ,117 | ,142 | | ,255 2,046 20. ,177 Polonnaruwa I ,349 774 | ,463 7 ,357 |,(02 I ,405 ,066 | ,529 1 ,630 | ,225 2,212 2t. Badulla I ,605 | ,334 | ,654 I ,3gl 1,605 ,424 | ,641 ,194 1,364 | ,464 I ,353 2,339 22. Monaragala I ,507 | ,271 I ,489 I ,305 I ,600 | ,477 | ,269 918 | ,397 I ,600 1 ,060 l,gl7 23. Ratnapura 2,316 2,236 3,156 | 2,250 2,413 2,345 2,7O5 2,lg3 2,430 4rM 2,196 3,642 24. Kc3alle 3,094 4,O72 4,eo2 2,ggl 3,927 4,351 3,814 3,150 3,467 4,043 2,876 4,272 | * Tlrc two ncw adn'rinistrativc districts of Ampara & Mulathilu were establishcd on 7th Scplcmhcr 1928. Source : Dcpartment of Mcteorology. I.3 AVERAGE NUMBER OF RAINY DAYS 1973 -Ig84

I 1e781 1980 1e8r t98, 1984 '\s,sl I

l. Colombo l5l t57 174 r42 165 130 I68 128 135 IM t24 t78 2. Gampa.hax n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 1t',5 3. Kalutara 180 r92 197 165 199 146 t8l 159 t72 186 t?0 t96 4. Kandy 176 191 200 l6l 191 190 180 171 172 r80 154 192 5. Matale 106 lll 136 90 109 85 96 1t6 84 109 8l 142 6. Nuwara Eliya l6l 156 187 t38 162 166 185 166 149 l5.l 141 202 7. Galle 182 190 195 154 r86 r58 139 149 l6l 14t) 156 8. Matara 173 t65 190 145 164 r74 152 159 r57 162 135 152 1A 9. Hambnntota l12 104 99 92 94 '78 85 108 82 89 10. Jaffna 't8 6l 81 7J 87 68 90 67 79 OI CO 82 1A I l. Mannar 38 82 70 87 65 49 5B 50 42 80 12. Vavuniya 84 5l 90 77 88 1 80 59 84 66 73 209 13. Mulalhivux n.a. n.a. n.a, n.a. n.a. 93 14. Batticaloa 70 59 86 75 9l 88 59 65 't4 66 99 15. Ampara (,6 75 90 80 86 a 75 57 66 64 68 106 16. Trincomalee 99 7rI 84 83 10.1 83 98 7l 85 78 6s 87 17, Kurunegala 95 99 l5l 112 129 10't 84 88 90 84 78 103 18. Puttalam ll3 88 108 96 lr6 86 90 93 92 97 72 120 19, Anuradhapura 87 64 l0l 78 99 ,: 94 1) 86 89 82 105 20. Polonnaruwa 48 76 74 92 88 6l 74 1) 58 109 21. Badulla r2) 124 143 132 r46 120 128 106 I t5 It8 105 l6t 22. Monaragala 87 72 87 76 92 69 8l 56 83 l0l 83 r30 23. Ratnapura 168 164 178 127 l84 t63 152 165 167 136 189 24. Kcgalle 179 189 2t6 t82 192 2tl 182 177 166 178 150 178

' Thc two ncw administrativc districts of Gampaha ar,d Mulathivu uere cstablishcd on 07th Septcmbcr 1978. Source: Deportment of Meteoroloty. I.4 HUMIDITY IN SELECTED CENTRES 1983

Percenlage

Jan. Feb. March April May July I o.,. Day Night avN Night Night Day Dey Night Day Night

l. Anuradhapura 70 93 57 89 5l 85 56 87 70 92 66 89 64 84 62 85 66 89 65 89 76 93 84 96 2. Badulla 79 96 63 94 59 9l 59 90 67 94 62 9l 58 89 62 96 65 9l 65 9l 74 93 84 95 3. Batticaloa 78 85 73 85 69 82 70 8n, 11 83 64 79 67 78 68 69 82 70 79 85 92 4. Colombo 65 83 1t 87 87 69 86 77 89 80 88 79 89 79 89 82 9l 76 9l 76 92 77 93 5. Diyatalawa 76 92 5t 8l 56 88 57 88 7t 9r 63 82 61 79 6J 67 83 69 89 79 93 84 94 6. Calle 76 99 7t 85 7l 85 ,-t 85 i9 89 85 89 84 90 89 9l 83 89 79 89 80 9l 80 93 7, Hambantota 70 83 70 86 7l 82 7l 83 77 86 79 87 78 86 79 89 80 88 78 88 73 87 78 89 8. Jaffna 66 80 65 8l 66 8l 68 83 7s 82 78 8j 78 83 81 86 83 87 79 87 73 87 83 9l 9. Kandy 69 9l 55 90

Source : Department of Metcorology. 1.5 HTJMIDITY IN SELECTED CENTRES 1984

Percentage

I ' Cenfe Jan. Feb. April May June 5:p, Oct: I Nov Dec.

I Day YN Day Night Day Night lDav N ight Day Night ]t Li:qt---t' I l. Anuradhapura 8t 94 83 9s 69 9l 75 93 69 9l 67 87 7l 89 62 86 65 88 67 92 r82 9-{ 94 2. Badulla 84 95 84 95 73 94 75 93 69 9l 6l E8 66 9l 57 89 63 9l 65 92 8l 95 77 93 3. Batticaloa 87 93 85 9l 79 92 8t 94 74 89 59 79 69 67 82 70 87 79 79 85 93 8l 9T 11 4. Colombo 76 92 75 9l 7l 9t 80 93 81 89 81 88 8l 89 77 86 75 87 89 79 94 1'' 88 5. Diyatalawa 84 93 85 93 75 9l 79 9l 75 9l 65 80 69 84 62 84 70 89 7l 9l 82 9l 79 9l 6. Ga.lle 82 93 80 92 75 89 80 90 83 89 84 87 d) 89 85 89 80 86 8l 86 79 85 78 7. Hambantota 77 87 80 88 75 88 79 89 79 87 77 87 73 36 64 80 7| 82 74 85 78 88 85 8. Jaffna 77 87 81 90 73 85 9. Kandy 81 95 8l 94 72 95 79 95 75 91 78 87 79 9l 72 89 7l 93 75 93 8t 9s 76 94 1a 10. Kankcsanturai 79 83 73 IJ 68 65 75 69 IJ 79 78 I |. Katunayaka 75 93 74 92 70 94 78 i 71 90 78 89 79 ,0 75 88 75 89 75 i 76 i 7l ,0 12. Kurunega.la 7s 92 77 9l 69 93 78 93 75 9l 76 89 77 89 66 84 67 87 73 9l 77 93 12 9t I3. Mahe Illuppallama 83 96 83 97 73 96 76 96 70 91 67 92 73 61 88 64 9l 72 83 98 78 97 14. Mannar 81 89 83 89 72 89 77 88 76 85 76 83 79 86 75 86 77 88 74 84 8l 90 92 15. Mulathivu 81 85 83 87 75 9l 75 92 65 88 56 83 67 62 87 67 90 6l 'r1 87 /o 83 16. Nuwara Eliya 84 93 86 94 t5 82 80 92 76 9t 88 93 89 ; 79 89 79 90 82 i 84 93 I a4 E4 17. Pottuvil 83 93 83 93 IJ 92 75 9l 69 87 59 78 65 82 64 79 65 83 65 82 79 9l 75 9l 18. Puttalam 79 92 80 91 tl 9l 77 92 80 93 84 92 78 87 74 88 't5 88 74 88 80 93 74. 9r '1) 19. Ratmalana 78 78 79 8l 90 79 85 80 88 75 86 75 76 79 73 20, Ratnapura €0 93 81 95 73 93 82 95 81 93 u2 93 8l 94 71 87 7t 90 76 92 8l 9-3 t) 93 21. Trincomalee 86 90 86 90 77 89 75 90 68 85 61 19 7l 34 63 8l 70 83 67 86 84 9l 80 84 22. Vavuniya 81 96 85 96 75 96 75 95 69 93 69 94 74 92 63 9l 67 92 69 83 97 79

Sourcei Dcp.rrtmcnt of Mctccrology.

' 2.I VITAL STATISTICS: SRI LANKA COMPARED WITH SELECIED COUNTRIES I Ref. Year Sri Lanka Bangla- India Indonesia Malaysia Japan U. K. u.s.A. desh

I . Mid Year Population (Mn.) 1984 15.60 94.42* 729.72+ t6l.58+ t5.28 53 .35 50.72+ I l8 .4(4 231 .5() (1 (4) 2. Dcnsity of Population per Sq.Km.( i984 241 656 222 84 46 178 94 318 228( 25 at 3. Urban Population (%) 1982 22(1 l2 22 30 38 t7 78 9l 78 4. Annual Growth Rata (7,) t970-1982 l. 2.6 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.7 l.l 0.1 1.0

5. Crude Birth Rate @cr' 000) 1982 26Q 47 34 34 29 3t 28 13 13 t6

6. Crudc Dceth Rate (Per' 000) 1982 6(2 t7 l3 l3 6 7 8 7 t2 9 (3 7. Infant Mortality Rate** (Per'000) t982 34' 133 91 102 29 51 5l 7 1l ll ( 8. Expc:tation of Life at Birth (Years) 1982 68 48 )) 53 67 & 63 77 74 75

9. Depondancy Ratio* (%) 1980 93 83 78 82 74 82 77 48 56 5l

10. Fertilily Rate (Per, 000) 1982 3.4 6.3 4.8 4.3 3.7 4.2 3.6 1.7 1.8 1.8 .A ll. Natural Increase (Per' 000) 1982 20(l 30 2l 2l 23 20 6 I 7 ' Provisional. ADB-Key [ndicators- 1985. *+ Live births. World Developmcnt Report- 19t4. f Pcninsular Malaysia Only. 0) 1981 (2) 1983 (3) 1980 (t) 1982 (5) 1979 I 2.2 POPULATION Ig77-Ig84

fn Thonrands

Item r977 1978 1979 1980 t98t 1982+ 1983* 19E4+

M F M F M F M F M F M iF M F 1.1 Agc Groups o- 4 929 900 945 918 964 936 983 9s4 998 969 971 929 985 913 997 9s4 5- 9 930 905 917 922 965 94r 983 959 999 974 878 850 B9l 863 9O2 873 ro-14 902 866 917 882. 935 90C 953 917 969 932 883 845 897 858 907 868 15-19 75't 737 769 751 784 166 799 78t 812 794 834 810 846 822 856 832 20-24 743 693 tt+ 707 729 721 742 734 754 746 770 774 783 785 791 795 25-29 526 522 535 532 546 542 556 552 565 561 653 650 662 660 670 668 30-34 415 387 422 394 430 402 438 4tO 44s 417 583 567 592 575 599 58 I 35-39 401 394 410 442 418 410 426 418 433 425 +JJ 425 439 432 4.45 4J7 40-44 345 299 351 304 358 310 365 316 371 321 369 346 375 351 379 355 45-49 318 280 323 286 330 292 376 297 341 302 316 308 321 312 324 3 16 50 .54 249 2rO a

*Provisional. Sou'ce : Rcgistrar Gcucral's Dcpaltmcnt. M: Male. F : Female. 2.3 POPULATION BY DISTRICTS AND SECIORS T97T AND T98T

t97r Districl Per cent Per ccnl Urban 1 Rural I Estate UrbantRurallEstate )

f Etbnicity-Per cent District Sri Lankan Indian Burldhists Hinau, Muslims I Sinhalese Tamils Tamils Moors Burghers Mnlays Oihcrs Coiombo | 70.8 ,698,322 7.6 9.9 11 .4 0.2 77 .9 9.8 1.3 8.3 Gampa.ha I .389,490 7t.l 1.9 3.4 23.4 l.l I.l 0.5 0.1 92.2 J.J 0.4 2.8 0.6 0,6 0.1 Ka-lutara 827,189 64. ) 4.5 /.) 'lA 0.0 87.3 Ka.nCy 1.0 4.1 /.) 0.0 0.t 0.0 | ,126,296 74.4 ll.9 tt.2 2.3 0.2 75 .0 4.9 9.3 Matale 357 78.7 9.9 o.2 0.2 o.4 ,441 ll.6 0.0 19.9 5.9 6.7 1t 0.1 0.1 Nrrwara Eliya 522,219 35.4 55.6 3.0 5.9 0.1 0.1 Gallc 35.9 r 3.5 47 .3 2.8 0.1 o.2 0.2 814,579 94.1 1.8 3.2 0.6 0.3 94.4 0.7 1.4 Matara e44,231 94.6 8.2 0.0 0.1 0.2 ?-.4 26 o.4 0.0 94.6 0.6 )) 2.6 0.0 0.0 Hambantota . . 424,tO2 97 .3 o.4 )) 0.0 0.1 0.0 97.4 o.4 0.1 1.1 0.0 t.0 Jaffna 831,ll2 0.5 8s.2 1.7 12.6 0.0 0.0 Mannar 0.6 95. 3 2.4 1.7 0.0 0.c 0.0 106,940 3.0 26.7 28.1 420 0.1 8.I 50.6 Varvuniya 95,904 13.2 26.G 0.0 0.0 1.4 16.5 6r. 3 7.1 7.1 0.0 16.6 56.9 19.4 6.9 Muiathivu 77 1.3 78.3 0.0 0.0 o.?. ,512 4.9 15.5 0.0 5.1 76.0 13.9 4.9 0.1 0.0 Batticaloa 330,899 2.7 66.3 24.1 6.8 0.0 3.2 0.0 Ampall 388,?96 70.9 1.2 23.9 0.7 0.0 0.1 37 .2 19.1 41 .6 2.0 0.1 37.6 20.1 0.4 256,790 JZ,+ 4.t .5 0.2 0.0 c.t 3l .8 29.5 6.0 0.3 33.6 33 ,8 2.6 | 55 90 29.0 0.5 0.3 0.2 ,212 ,7 .3 l.l 5.3 ).2 0.0 93. I 1.1 0.5 5.1 493,344 47 .5 4.1 10.2 0.0 0.1 0.I 38.0 0.1 82.6 6.7 0.6 9.7 0.1 0.2 587 ,822 90.2 1.0 L) 1.2 0.1 91.3 14. 0.I 20 262.7s3 0.1 7.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 89 .9 2.0 6.7 1.3 0.1 90. 9 2.2 0.1 6.5 0.0 2l 642,893 68.3 25.0 4.5 2.2 0.1 c.2 )) 0.0 68.5 21 .l 4.2 0.1 0.2 o.2 279,743 92,8 4.6 2.1 0.5 0.0 92.9 1.8 23 1.9 0.0 0.1 0.0 796,468 84.5 1r.9 r.9 1.5 0.0 84.7 2.3 ll.l t.7 24 682,411 85.2 11 5.4 0.1 0.1 0.1 1.7 0.0 86.3 2.1 6.4 5.1 0.0 0.0 0.t Total 14,850,001 76 0.r 74.0 56 7.1 03 03

Sou'ce: Department of Ccnsus and Statistics. 2.5 PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION BY RELIGION AND ETHNIC GROUPS 1881_ 1981 (Census Years)

REI-tGION ETHNICITY I

YE.AR Total Malays Othcrs Population Buddhists Hindus Cirristians Othcrs Sli Lankan InrJian i B*eh." '000 Tamils Tamils

9.7 66.9 24.9 6.7 0.7 0.3 0.5 r 881 2,759 .8 | 6l .5 2t .5 7.2 67 .9 24.1 6.5 0.7 0.3 0.5 1891 3 ,oo7 .8 | AZ.q 20.5 7.1 10.0 0.6 l90l 3,566.0 | 60.0 23.2 6.9 9.8 65.4 26.7 6.4 0.6 0.3 r0.0 66.1 12.9 12.9 6.5 o.7 0.3 0.6 191 I 4,106.1 | 60.3 22.8 6.9 6.3 0.6 0.3 0.8 t92l 4,498 .6 | 6l .6 2t .8 6.7 9.9 67 .1 11 .5 13.4 0.6 0.3 0.8 l93l 5,306.9 | 6l .5 22.O 6.7 9.8 6s .5 11 .3 ls.4 6.1 1l .0 1l ;l 6.2 0.5 0.3 0.8 t946 6,657 .3 | 64.5 19.8 6.6 9.1 69.4 10.9 12.0 6.3 0.6 0.3 0.5 1953 8,097 .9 | 64.3 t9 .9 6.7 8.9 o.2 69.4 .O 1l .0 10.6 6.5 0.4 0.3 o2 1963 10,582.0 | 66.2 18.5 6.8 8.4 0.1 71 7.9 0.1 72.0 It .2 9.3 6.7 0.4 0.3 0.1 197 | 12,689 .8 | 67 .3 t7 .6 7.1 0.1 74.4 12.6 5.5 7.1 0.3 0.3 c.2 198 I 14,850.0 | 69.3 15.5 7.6 7.5 Dcpartmcnt of Census and Statistics.

( 2,6 VITAI, STATISTICS 1976 _ Ig84

Unit 1976 1977 1979 l. Population (15-54 years) '000 'l l, 7 ,238 7 ,369 7 ,515 7 7 ,656 ,781t 8,392** 8 ,51 8 ,61 3** 2. Dependants (0-14 & 55 & over) 6,595 6,702 6,822 6,957 7 ,091 7 ,207* 6,797*' 6, 6,98I** 3. Population Growth Rate t.6 1.7 1.9 1.9 1.8 I.g*+ 1.5* I .3* l 3** 4. Crude Birth Rate 27.8 27 .9 28.5 28.9 28.4 2g .0** 26.8* 26.2** 24. 9* * 5. Crudc Death Ratc 7.8 7.4 6.6 6.5 6.2 6.0+ 6. 1** 6. 1** 6. 5** 6. Rate of Natural Increase 20.0 20.5 .r'r a 21.9 22.4 22.0+ 20.7t4 20.1 19.3x* Maternal Mortality Rate 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.6 n.a, n.e. n.a. 8. Infant Morrality Ratef 43.7 42.4 37.r 37 .7 34.4 n.a, n.a. n.a. 9. Neo-Natal Mortality Rate 26.1 25.9 25.0 an a aaa n,o. n.4. ,t .a. 10. Fertility Ratio't 0z.e 91 .8 95. I 96.2 94.5 ,1,a. n.a. n.o. n.a. 11. Arrivals in Sri Lanka 1 187.5 I 224.9 314.7 374.5 415.6 522.1 s64.O s25.3 551.3 12. Departures from Sri Lanka 239.r 277 .0 355. I 418. I 483.6 572.3 655.4 629.7 628.2 13. Net Migration Rate Per'OJC -3.8 -5- I -2.8 .0 -3 -4.6 -3.4** -6.0 -6. 8 -4.9 14. Density of Population per Sq. Km. No. 212.0 2t6.0 2t9.0 224.0 228.0 232.0 235.0 238.0 241 15. Registered Marriages No. 101 t05,318 I 19 ,659 ,006 l2o,075 121 ,415 121 ,668* 123,270 n,a. n.a. 16. Average Age at Marriage-General

Male 27.6 27.5 27.5 27.8 27.8 n.a, ,, . cl. n.a. l Female 23.3 zt ..+ 23.4 t7 1 23.8 n.a. n.4. n.a. t pased on thc numb--r of femrles tS+S years of aCe. r* Provisional. Sources : Rcgistrar Gencral's Departmern f Live births. Central Bank of Ccylon, 2.7 CRUDE BIRTH RATES & DEATH RATES BY DISTRICTS 1976 - 1984 Per'000 I' 1e78\tstglrsto* 1981* 1983* 1984* t Crudc Crude Crude Dishict Crudc lCrudel Crurle lCruoel Crnde lCrudei Crude Crude Crude Birth lDeathl Birth lDeathl Birth lDc:rthr Bir(h Dealh Birlh De alh Birth Death Rate Ratc Rate Rate Ratc I nate i Rate t Ratc I Ratc J Ratc Ratc Rale _l_t_'_- 26.7 9.5 25.4 9.0 24.3 9.3 Colombo aA A 9.0 l. ).J 18. 7 5.4 l7 .6 ).) l5.l 5.8 Gampirhaf 1A 1 5.8 a1 A 5.7 22.0 6.4 Kalutara 22.O 5.5 6.9 31.3 7.t, 30.3 8.1 29.6 8.2 4. Kandy 27.r 31.3 6.2 29.3 27 .g 5.7 Mata.le 32.9 5.2 8.e i 2e.3 17.9 15.3 5.1 21.9 6.3 25.7 6.5 6. Nurvara Eliya 25.6 27.2 18.4 7.O ll.0 | 23.6 o. / ?_1.0 6.8 22.8 6.5 1 7.5 6.0 7. Gal le 22.8 7 .8 \ 24.7 6.3 28.6 6.0 27 .8 6.4 Matara )1 ) 26.0 6.8 5.6 29.6 8. 7.5 | 4.5 29.3 t5 28.6 4.2 25. I A) Hanrbantota 29.6 5.9 26.9 6.7 L>,1 I J.L I Jr.r l- " | -' 9. <) 28.6 5.4 2/,.4 4.'l 24.4 6.0 10. Ja.ffna 30. 3 6.6 28.3 6.2 2s.8 | S.t 1 ze.s s.2 | :o.t 15.3 27.9 31.1 4.8 31 .6 4.8 29.f 5.5 Mannar 32.4 7.1 33.5 7.0 38.4 +r.t to.t 1o_.+ 5.9 ll. ls.q | i56 | lqq 45.1 5.2 33.4 ). ) 31.5 5.0 26.9 5.4 t2. Vavuniya 37 .7 3+.6 7.1 Zo.d I 5.3 | qs.t s.8 | +s.t , 6.0 42.242.'Z rz.o32.6 29 26. I 3.9 27 .'7 2'1 .2 4.5 13. Mulathivuf l- I| rs.o38.0 l+.t14.8 i 154lJ.4 2 ).J 9.0 38.7 3e.3 8.8 40.1 | 34.7 80 ). t JJ. J 5.6 fl 14. Batticaloa 40.7 10.0 35.0 IS.t I 168 4.5 4.3 25.8 4.4 34.6 t.J 32.4 6.5 33.e 34.q 3.?.9 4.7 29.7 3r.l 15. Ampara 165 | ls.q ll.9 ,199 4.1 35.0 4.r 32.2 4) 30. I A1 16. Trincomalee 39.2 5.5 39.6 5.2 I 5.9 2'.1 .0 6.3 23.0 6.4 Kurunegala 25.9 t.J 25.7 6.2 5.4 26. 17. 30. I 5.5 28.i 6.4 24.8 6.2 Putta.lam 33. 6 7.4 33. I 5.5 18. 4.9 29.2 4.8 29.2 t,. 5 24.8 5 ..1 37 .2 6.5 37.5 6.7 19. Anuradha.pur I 4.3 3s'l 48 28.2 3.5 28.0 3.2 25.3 3.7 20. Polonnaruwa 3l .0 4.J 32.0 5.8 31.1 | l.a tq.e 4.6 I 35.4 30.0 ', 31 \ 27.6 r6.0 \, 26.0 5.9 29.6 6.0 28.5 6.0 21 . Bad ulla 30.7 8.5 26.7 8.2 I zs.s a.z .2 te.l 3.1 ?95 3.8 )) 400 5.9 40,2 6.2 I +o.o 39.0 | 4.7 39.6 3.8 1 38.7 3.5 31 .7 3.2 29.1 Monaragala '4.9| 6.1 28.9 6.1 29.9 6.2 29.4 6.3 Ratnapura 30.0 8.7 31.9 8.3 i rt.o 7 .2 | 32.7 7.0 ', 32.3 I 6.3 33.2 23. 5.8 21 .1 5.8 21 .0 5.9 Kegalle 2r.0 7.2 22.1 6.1 I zz.z I 5.5 1 zz.e \ s.z 2r.3 i 5.0 ' 22 7 5.2 2l .l i----,--- _- NA ----i- ---= 28.0 26.8 24.8 Sri Lanka 27 .8 27 .9 28.5 r6.6 | zt.g 28.4 \ A.Z 60 Source : Registrar Gencral's Department. 'Provisional. wcrc established on 7th Scptcmbcr 1978' I + T. frc iwo administrativc districts of Gampaha and Mulathivu "ew 2.8 POPULATION DENSITY 1983 & 1984 l3

Area** District (sq.Km.) Densily Density Pr'r cent of Population Per cent (Persons/ Population Per cent (Persons/ Increase in c000) Sq. K.m.) ('000) Sq. K.nr.) Population

l. Colombo 652.4 1,761 tr.4 2.699 | ,784 lr.4 ) 17\ 1.3 2. Gampaha I ,398. | ,42'l 9.3 1',020 | ,4J9 9.2 1,o29 0.8 3. Kalutara I 5 858 5.6 534 868 ).o 54.0 1.2 ,606. 1A 4. Kandy 2,157 . 5 I )Jf | 535 0.0 ,154 ,154 .A 5. Matale I ,995. 3 JTJ 2.4 188 377 r89 LI 6. Nuwara Eliya 1 ,437.2 508 J.J J)J 4.98 3.2 347 2.0 7. Galle 1 ,613 8 8,14 5.5 504. 8.56 5.5 5ll 1.4 A r'A 8. Matara | ,246. 677 4.4 543 690 554 1.9 9. Hambantota 2,593. 2 449 2.9 r73 458 2.9 177 2.O 10. Jaffnl 2,072.2 868 5.6 419 882 ).t 426 1.6 I l. Mannar 2,002. I ll3 0.7 56 il6 0.7 58 2.7 12. Vavuniya 2,6+5. 2 t02 o.7 39 105 o.7 4-0 2.9 13. Mulathivu 1,966.0 81 0.5 4I 83 0.5 ^', 2.5 2. i 3_i2 1.3 143 146 2.6 14. Batticaloa ,464. 361 2.3,, 15. Ampara 4,539. 3 4ll 2.7 9l 42t 1 93 2.4 16. Trlncomalee 2,6t8. )1A 1.8 105 281 1.8 107 2.6 17. Kurunegala 4,'172. i |,269 8.2 266 1,290 8.3 270 1.7 18. Puttalarn 2,976. 9 520 5 ..i. t'l5 530 3.4 178 I.9 19, Auur;rdhapura 7 ,129. I 622 4.0 87 636 4.r 89 2,3 20. Polonnaruwa 3,403. 7 278 1.8 82 284 1.8 83 2.2 21. Badulla 2,818. 1 649 A) 230 61'6 4.1 229 -0.5 22. Monaragala 5,58 I . 0 298 L9 53 304 1.9 \d 2.O 23. Ratnapura 3 ,238. 8 826 5,4 2ss 835 5.4 258 l.l 24. Kegalle | ,662. 8 700 4.5 421 604 4.5 .j!) 0.9

TOTAL 64,651,7 t5,4161 100 .0 238 15,599t 241 1.2

' Provisional (Mid year population). Sources: Departmcnt ofl Ccnsus & Statistics. t' Total land area cxcluding large inland watcrs. Rcgistrar Gcncral's Dcpartment, f Discrcpancy duc to rounding crror. Central Bank of Cevlon. r4 2,9 REPATRIATION UNDER SIRIMA- SHASTRI AGREEMENT* 1973-1984

1982 t983 r984

1.0 Ap2licatio:rs Disposed (No.) of 8,533 9,991 6,011 lll,58l 10,632 | 6,856 5 ,250 5,220 6,971 8,944 6,908 7 ,797 Pcrsoas 2.0 who Dccidcd to Leavc (No.) 33,965 37 ,459 19,598 j 39,387 34,175 | 2l ,736 14,367 14,g.gg 18 ,903 24,276 20,650 23,334 Pciscri Issued (Nc.) 3.0 with Indian Passports 35,898 43,325 3!],675 | 21 ,670 14,639 | 19,267 14,574 24,434 29,974 24,984 8 ,515 5,149 4.0 Pcrsons whoLeft Sri Lanka C.{o.) 33,175 35 ,l4l I8,5lI | 33,321 28,388 | 20,281 15 ,942 17 ,735 16,713 18,214 14,329 20,133 5.0 Value of Exchange Allowed (Rs.'0C0) 24,202 29,062 18,139 | 33 ,750 36,381 | 26,955 19 ,640 2l ,530 24,589 26,553 19,557 21 ,502 6.0 Valuc of Jcwcllery Allowed (Rs.'000) 15,775 17 ,913 11,565 | 25 ,440 22,212 | 15 ,594 13,307 t7 ,652 31,lg2l29,356 23,905 27,320 * Th: natural increase (i.e. childcen born after 30. 10. 64 is not incl uded in the above figures. So ur c e s : Immigration & Emi gration Depar'tment. Central Bank of Ceylon. as at3l.l2.19B2 as at 31.12.1983 as at 31.12.1984

Notes: l. Total number of adults issued with Indian Passports, 4C6,28A 414,795 419,943 2. Total number ofchildren born after (30. 10. 196-4) issued with Indian Passports, 149 ,185 159,177 168,600 3. Total number of adults who left the Island. 302,519 316,847 336,990 4. Total number ofchildren born after (30.10. 1964) who left the Island. 102,236 lll,803 123,823 I

2,10 EMPLOYMENT 1976 1984, - LABOUR FORCE & UNEMPLOYMENT RATES 1973 - t98rt82 l5

Item 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 t982 1983 1984* 1.0 Employme:rt in Key S-'ctors ('000) 1.1 Plantation** 509.2 509.9 560.9 5r4.0 530.0 478.7 49r.9 n,a, l l.l Tea 43r .5 4.-71 .2 468.6 424.9 442.s 396.4 387 .9 n.a, ll.a. 1.1 .2 Rubber 66.9 68.4 80. c 73.4 73.5 70.2 87 .7 n,a. n,a. 1 .l .3 Coconut 10.8 10.3 12.3 15.7 t4.o 12.0 16.3 n.a. n,a. 1,2 Governmcnt 406.5 423.O 446.0 470.0 476.O 48t.0 486. 0 489.0 n.a. 1.3 Semi Governmclt 541.0 6t7 .O 659.4 749.O 769.O 778.O 782.O '786.0 n.a. 2.0 Index of Real Wage Rates (1978 : 100) 2.1 Wages Boa.rd Trades 2.1,1 Workers in Agriculture 60.9 76.3 99. 0 116.0 Ir5.9 98.3 104.2 100.4 108.0 2.1.2 Workers in Industry and Commerce 88. I 93.7 1o2.6 105.2 r05.4 96.2 92.6 82.5 72.9 2.2 Government Employees

2.2.1 Clerica.l Employces 106.7 9t.2 85. 1 94.6 93.2 89.6 2,2,2 Skille{Employces (Othcr than Clerical) 107.3 92.0 86.2 97 .r 95. 9 92.3 2,2,3 Minor Employces 101 .3 10t.5 105 3 |2.6 99.4 96.4 1t2,0 114.2 112.8 2.2.tt Government School Teachors 106,2 106.7 t05 3 106,6 90.5 84. 9 95.7 9s. I 9t,4 LABOUR FORCE & UNEMPLOYMENT'RATES BY COMMUNITY

asa age Community of the Labour Force t973 r98rl82

Kandyan Sinha.lcrc 30.6 39.8 33.8 23.O 13.9 1l .3 Low Country Sinhrlcsc 35 .3 37 .4 34.6 30.0 I8 .5 14.6 Sri Lankan Tanrils 29.8 3t.4 30.3 17 .7 10.9 6.7 India.n Tamils 51.t 5l .9 5l ,2 12.3 5.6 4.9 Moors ,5S 27.O 24.6 21.3 13.8 10.4 Mala.ys 25.8 32,3 33.3 43 .5 | 0.8 22.6 Burghcrs 29.7 37 .8 35,7 )t') 19.0 28.6 Others (a) 3l .8 30.0 4.1.7 28.6 0.0 0.0 Tota-l 24.0 14.7 * Provisional. Sources: Department of Labour. ** Estates only. Central Bank of Ccylon. (a) Chetti, Bhd and Borah. t6 3.1 NATIONAL ACCOUNTS: SRI LANKA COMPARED WITH SDLECTED COUNTRIES - 1984

Sri Malay- Philip- Singa- Thai- Lanka sia pines pore land U. K.

l. Total Gross National Product 1Mn. $) . , 5,3C0 27 ,7604 35,0004 39,42Oa 16,s',oq 40,3804 1,123,1451' 168,046" h 2. Per Capita GNP ($) 340 1 ,g704 39oa 7604 6,6204 g20ct 4,77glt 3.013" 3, Average Growth Rate oi Real ;;a ,lc Prod ucts (:,r") 5.1 ,.oul 5.94 6.54 r.f 7.94 5.ga 3.Oc 'l 4, Growth Rate of Gross Domestic I Invislments ( %) 10.5 D,f ts.3ci 15.4t' 18.5' 4.1" B.4b 8.66 n.a. n,q. n.a,

5. Growth Rate of Cross Domestic rl Savings (%) 17 .8 30.9h 'I .9" p.2b D.6b ""t).1 -h 4.4b n.5b ll .6b n.a. n.a. n.a. + 6. Agriculturc/GDP (%) a< n 49.tta 40.4' 29.ga 22.04 28.84 2+.84 0.94 23.74 4.01 2.Ot 3.Oc + 7. Manuthcturing/GDP (%) l5.l 10.24 15.7', s.f 1g.04 18.24 2s.f 20.a-a 2r.( 30.0t 22.Ot 3.5c

8. Private Consumption/GDP (%) 79.8 n.a. il.4. 89.64 53.s4 75.64 65.34 54 34 62.04 59.0f 60. 0t 22.Cc

9. G:vernnr:nt Ccn:umptionlGDP (%) 7.l n.o. n.a. 13.Ttt 20.84 12.f 8. g4 10.24 12.54 1l .0t 2r.0t 64.0c

10. Gross Cepital Formation/GDP (%) 28.8 ,1.4. n.a. 30.54 33.84 14.74 19.34 2L64 l7 .0t 32.0f lg.0c 25.04 ll. GrossDomestic Savings/GDP (f) 20.8 3.6 tr.a. D.ga 30. 9 6.2 41.44 18.3 n.4. na. n.a. 20.7 12. Gross Domestic Savings/Gross Drm:stic Invcstments (%) 79.0 D.Ob 82.7b 75 3b 46.gb 79.ab 89 .0b 87 .7b n.4. n.a. n.a.

t le8o Scurces: ADB - Key lndicators--I985. (c) 1983 UN-Statistical Year Book 1981. (b) 1982 (c) l98l 3.2 NATIONAL ACCOUNTS 1982-1984 (Nerr Series) r7

Item 1983r 1984* 1.0 Gross National Product (GNP) l.l At Current Factor Cost Prices Rs. Mn. 9t.23s 108 ,762 134,817 1.2 Per Capita at Current Factor Cost Prices Rs. 6;CO7 7,055 8,(r43 1.3 At Constant (1982) Factor Cost Prices Rs. Mn. 9l ,235 94,968 99,949 1.4 Per Capita at Constant Factor Cost Pricos Rs. 6.007 6,160 6,407 1.5 Real National Income (RNl) Rs. Mn. 9t',235 95,640 103,993 2.0 Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 2.1 At Current Factor Cost Prices Rs. Mn. 93.r94 ltl ,976 | 38 ,173 2-2 Per Capita at Current Factor-Cost Prices Rs. 6:136 7 ,264 8.858 2.3 AI Constant (1982) Factor Cost Prices Rs. Mn. 93,t94 97,899 r02,906 2,4 Per Cap.ta at Constant Factor Cost Price.s Rs. 6 ,136 6,350 6,597 3.0 Economic Growth Rates 3.1 GNP at Current Prices 19.2 24.0 3.2 GNP at Constant Pr;ces 4.1 5.3 3.3 Real National Income (RNI) 5.9 76 3.4 GNP Per Capita (Constant Prices) ,, 1 3.9

4.0 Gross National Expenditure (GNE) 4.1 At Current Market Prices 97,809 It8,450 148,219 4.2 Per Capita at Current Market Prices 6,439 7 ,6E4 9,502 5.0 Gross Demestic Expendihre (GDE) 5. I At Current Market Prices 118.526 l4n,o79 159,949 5.2 Per Calr:ta at Curront Markot Prices 7 ;803 9 ,083 10,254 6.0 Capital Formation 6. 1 Gross Domestic Capital Formation 30,276 36,063 39,850 6.1.1 Gross Domest:c Fixed Capital Formation 30,028 36,271 39 ,70O 6.1.2 Changes in Stocks 248 2to 150 7.0 Consumption 7.1 Private 80,009 95,540 r r0,3r7 7.2 Publ,c 8.426 9.782 * Prcvisional. Source: Central Bank ofCeylon. | 5 RNI:GNP at constant (1982) Factor cost prices Terms of Trade Fffects. 6. I At current Market Prices. - l8 3.3 COMPOSITION OF NATIONAL INCOME 1982-- 1984 (New Series)

I .0 GDP at Constant (1982) Factor Cost Prices (%) I 00.00 100.00 100 00 1.1 Agriculture, Forestry, Hunting and Fishing 26.79 26.86 26.11 1.2 Manufacturing 14.59 14.00 14.95 1.3 Services 4.94 4.69 4.51 1.4 Wholesale and Retail Trade 2r.r3 2l.r8 21 .41 I .5 Transport, Storage and Communications 1l .45 11 .38 rl .4l I .6 Construction 8.54 8 .21 7.80 1.7 Public Administration and Defence 3.ll 3.87 4.05 I .8 Ownership of Dwellings 3.49 3.39 3.28 1.9 Banking, Insurance and Real Estate 2.39 2.77 )q) l.l0 Mining and Quarrying 2.40 2.46 2.38 1 . l l Electricity, Gas, Water and Sanitary Services | .17 I .19 1 .16

2.0 GDP, Market Price by Expeniliture (%) 100.00 100.00 I 00.00 2.1 PrivateConsumption 8C.19 78 .53 '12.i8 2.2 Public Consumption 8.26 6.93 6.45 2.3 Gross Domestic Fixed Capital Formation 30.l0 29.81 26.19 2'3.1 Private Sector and Public Corporations 25 .30 24.34 21 .25 2.3.2 Public Sector 4 .80 5.47 4.94 2.4 Changes in Stocks 0.25 -0.17 0. r0 2.5 Exports of Goods & Non-Factor Services 2'1 .2r 26.32 29.41 2.6 Less: Imports of Goods and Non-Factor Services -45.51 --41 .42 -34.93

I Provisional. Source: Central Bank ofCeylon. 3.4 NATIONAL PRODUCT AND EXPENDITURE AND THE PUBLIC DEBT T982 - T984 '19 In Mllion Rupees

Item 1984+

l. GNP at Current Factor Cost Prices 9l .235 108,762 134,817 2. GNE at Market Prices e7:g0e I l8,450 t48,219 3. Long-term External Public Debt (Comprising Commodlty Loans, Project Loans, Trust Fund Loans and Cash Loans) 34,597 46,025 53,691 Total External Debt Outstanding (Comprising Long-term External Debt, Suppliers Credit, IMF Drawings& Bank Borrowings.) 53.301 67 ,952 74.321 5. Gross Domestic Debt 45'.576 52,355 s2:237 6. Gross Public Debt (Items 3 & 5) 80: | 73 98.380 105 ,918 1 Total Debt (ltems 4 & 5) 98,877 120,3A2 126,558 8. Earnings from Merchandise Exports & Services 28.060 33,072 46,062 5 4,970 5,050 9. IMF Drawings 'oes 10. Debt Service Payments 5,217 7 ,136 7 ,923 ll. Debt Service Payments excluding IMF transactions 3,551 5,299 6 ,511 t2. The Ratio of Gross Public Debt to GNP (6 as a percentage, of l) 87 .9 90.5 78.6 13. The Ratio of Total Debt to GNP (7 as a percentage of l) 108 .4 110.6 93.9 14. The Ratio of Long Term External Public Debt to GNP (3 as a percentage of 1) 37 .9 42.3 39.8 15. The Ratio of Total External Debt Outstanding to GNP (4 as a Percentage ot l) 58.4 62.5 55. I 16. The Ratio of IMF Drarvings to Total External Debt Outstanding (9 as a Percentage of 4) 9.5 7.2 6.8 tt. The Ratio of IMF Drawings to Total Debt (9 as a percentage of 7) 5.1 4.0 4.0 18. The'Ratio 6f ncbt Service Payments to Earnings from Merchandise Exports & Services (Debt Servicc Ratio - 10 as a perccntage of 8) 18.6 21 .6 r7.2 19. The Ratio of Dcbt Service Payments (Excluding 1MF transactions) to Earnings from Merchandise Exports and Service (11 as a percentage of 8) 12.7 16.0 t4.l

20. The Ratio of Debt Service Payments to GNE (10 as a percentage of 2) 5.3 6.0 5.3

" Provisional Source i Central Bank of Ceylon. 20 4.r AGRICULTURE: SRI LANKA COMPARED WITH SELECTED COUNTRIES

Item Malay- | Nepal Pakis- Phiti- Thai- tan ppines land

l. Cropped Land/Total Land Area 1980 v.rc(t'l n.tt 15.79 1 20.s4 l @.92 1 r7 .39 22.8s 13.20 30.08 32 5l 36.62 3s.72 g.20"rl 2. Irrigated Area/fotal Land Area 1980 12.10 t.s2 | o.so | 13.23 | 2.99 tl.lr I .13 1 .68 18.36 4.36 5.18 3, Forest and Wood Lands/ Total Land Area 1980 26. l8(')l 16.40 48.91 | 75.7s | 22.70 | 67 .24 66. E6 68. l5 f2.53 3.60 4r.25 30.85

4. Cropped Land Per Capita t980 o.l3(r)l o. ro 0.28 | 0..15 I 0.25 | 0.13 0.06 0.31 0. 16 o.23 0.20 0.38

5. Sbare of Agriculture in G.D.P. t982 J7.8 | n.a. I n.a. I Zg.S l7 .3 23.4 5E .8 30.3 25.6 24.t 6. General Index at Agricultural Production 1984 l3l I r23 rs4l gz I rrzl r+g 125 134 ll8 t34 135 134 7. Paddy Harvested Area/ World Paddy Harvested Area 1982 0.53 | 7 .47 3.29 | l.l9 ]i26.67 | e.y 0.84 0.51 0.89 l .38 2.42 6.49 8. Paddy Production/ World Paddy Production 1984 3.26 | 0.26 l19.6l I E.06 1.68 0.42 0.60 l.14 1.72 3.75 9. Paddy Production per Hectare t984 3,076 | 2,000 3,077 ll,2@ 12,t03 13,978 6,142 2,961 2,132 2,625 2,47O l,8ll 10. Fertilizer used per Cropped Land 1980 lot 3lt 50 376 105 l0 49 34 16 FJectare. -t

ll. Per Capita Paddy Production t982 155 . lr"l 231 . 6 41r.0 t200.6 I 98.3 1222.9 185.8 139.6 149.2 58.0 159.8 348. I 12. Economically Active Population io Agriculture/Total Economically Active Population 1980 51.8 | 74.O | 61.2 | 5E.9 38 .6 47.8 92.6 53.5 46.O 75.4

(r) r982 Souces: ADB - Key Indicators - t985. 1 (2) r983 Hand Book on Agricultural Statistics for Asia and the Pacific--1982. (3) 1984 4.2 LAND AAID LAND USE BY DISTRICTS - T984 2l

1983 Major Export Minor Export Crops lHectares) Crops (Hectares) District Forest as Paddy** Total percent of (Hectares) Land Forest Total Tea Rubber Cocoa Cinnamon Sq. Km. Sq.Km. Land

l Colombo 694.6 42.2 il 319 23,204* 380 141 12,68'l 2. Gampaha 1.398.8 338 7t3 29 ,l5l 3, Kalutara r;6ls.s 9.0 179 11. r 3 ,590 47 ,480 I ,285 9 r85 36 ,713 Kandv .7 0.2 230 10.7 74,529 5,332 23 I 1,012 33 4. 2,157 ,958 "426 5. Matale ,995 .3 2.6 332 r6.6 7 ,14.6 6,573 46 I ,894 3 ,472 20,226 6. Nuwara Eliya ,437 .2 480 33.4 39,906 254 t32 I l ,043 7. Galle I ,689.3 15.5 179 10.6 I 5 ,480 20,162 8,iJl8 182 40,5r8 8. Matara | ,2+6.4 168 l3 .5 16,2t8 s,251 6,121 292 38,675 9. Hambantota 2,623.0 29 .8 173 6.6 tl7 5) 1 .284 628 36,083 10. Jaffna 2.,157.6 8s .4 341 15.8 39 ,419 11. Mannar 2,0t3.5 ll.3 ,121 55.7 I 5 ,328 12. Vavuniya 2,615.2 ,104 41 .7 19.502 13. Mulathivu 2,065.7 99.7 ,513 11 ) 17 ,231 14. Batticaloa 2,633.1 168.5 423 l6.l 59,554 15. Ampara 4,6A4.O 64.6 ,241 26.9 88,Sl3 16. Trincomalee 2,714.3 96.2 ,138 4r.9 5l ,429 17. Kurunegala 4,7'!5.9 105 )) 376 5,149 17 1J 693 l24,610 18. Puttalam 3 .035 .8 59.0 856 28.2 ,: 16,973 19. Anuradhapura 7 r4s.2 2,083 28.6 80,870 ,274.3 i1 a 20. Polonnaruwa 3 ,44E.9 4s.2 | ,644 59 ,888 21. Badulla 2,822.0 3.9 370 l3. t 36,035 4,12( 35 190 29,589 22. Mcneragala 5 ,659 .9 79.O 2,054 36.3 49 16,408 23, Ratnapura 3 ,238 .8 472 14.6 22,613 37,078 2,652 410 537 30 ,713 24. Kegalle 1,662.8 t0l 6.1 ll ,546 48,154 84 785 I,054 22,132 25. Other areas f 59 ,1 48

Total 65 ,609 .6 960.5 16,318 24.9 227 ,875 205,589 2l ,093 5 ,212 990,209

** 1982 Census of Agriculture. Sources : Surveyor General's Department. f This represents the area of the Mahaweli System Uda-Walawe Project which has not been Department of Census and Statistics. demarcated a,ccording to the District Boundaries. ' Includes Gampaha District. x lncludes Monaragala District, xx Yala and Maha. 22 4.3 TEA 1976 - 1984

Item 1981 lgE4++

1.0 Area+ 240 ,68 I 242,1t5 243,006 244,203 244,813 244,916 242,141 230,065 227 ,8i4 't2,683 ?t t60 't4,157 l l High Grown 7l ,700 70 ,9sl 7 | ,00c 70 ,8to 69 ,95 1 75,r99 !.2 Mcdium Grown 72,303 72,597 73 , t51 74,U2 74,169 74,Ot6 73 ,7 tO 90,940 90,203 1.3 Low Grown 47,749 4E,242 48,144 47 ,467 47 ,460 41,419 45,348 61 ,926 63,514 2.0 Area Plucked 204,800 204,4tO 2O7,177 2O7 ,563 2O7,364 230,050 227,O77 227 ,874 3,0 Replanted Area l ,l16 L709 2,491 2 ,156 2,677 2,004 1,367 |,145 4.0 Subsidies Rs- Mn. 141.4 91 .4 )J. 26.O 8l .4 7 2.O 89. 0 65. 3 5.0 Fertilizer Applied M.T.'000 9s. 3 80. I il5 .6' 105.4 1o9.9 l0l. 3 1o2.7 | 15.5 137.2 6.0 Factories No, 718 112 759 721 661 688 638 667 628 6.I Hich Grown 203 214 213 209 193 201 t86 198 t82 6.2 Medium Grown 273 304 295 259 225 217 207 2ts 192 6,3 Low Grown 242 254 2sl 253 243 250 245 254 254 7.0 Work Forcef '000 432.5 4Jl .2 468 .6 424 9 444.5 ,f4-s. 0 446.O E.0 Production Mn. Kgs. 196.6 208 .6 199 .0 206 4 t91.4 209.9 187.8 l't9 3 208; 8.1 High Crown 7s.9 78.1 7t.E 76s 72.6 80. 5 71.7 61 .8 79.3 8.2 Medium Grown 64.5 66.6 61 .2 62.5 s5. 6 59.3 51.6 48,4 54.6 8.3 Low Grown 56.2 OJ.J 66. O 67.4 63.2 70.3 64.5 63. I 74.1

9.0 Average Yield per Hectare Kgs. 940.0 1007.0 958 .0 993. 0 922 0 857.4 98r. 3f+ n.a. 10.0 Cost ol Production per Kilo Rs. 7.42 8.19 11.89 13. 4l lE 7l 18 79 22.(8 26.37 34.C0 11.0 Production Value Rs. Mn. 1,755 3,t59 2,838 2,538.7 3 ,508 3,803 4,402 7,758 13,060 q 12. 0 Domastic Consumption Mn. Kgs. 20.6 21.0 2t.3 21.9 )l 7 22.7 23. O ,l 13.0 Colombo -Auction Pricc pcr Kilo Rs. o ts r6.3t 14.26 r2.30 t8.33 18. 10 23.44 43.27 62 79 l3.l High Grown 9.71 16. 7t t4.24 13.66 I8. 43 18.66 24. t2 4l .71 63 07 13.2 Meriium Grown 8 .75 t5 t2 to. 85 r0.50 15.95 t6. 28 22.O8 40 79 58.77 | 3.3 Low Grorvn 9.27 r 6.97 17 .36 12.57 20.26 19.03 23.84 46,'t3 65 .36

14.0 Quantity Sold at Colombo Auctioos Mn, Kgs. 18t.7 186 7 180.8 188. l 178.3 199. I r80 6 166.9 202.7 14.1 H igh Grown 66 I ooz 60. I 66.1 53E 72.9 65.3 61 .2 71.3 14.2 Mediunr Grown 6t.1 60. { 55.6 56.7 >z. t 51.8 44.9

15.0 Exports - Quantity Mn. Kgs. 200.0 185.5 192,7 I 87.5 184.7 183.4 181.0 t57 9 204.2 16.0 Exporls - Value Rs Mn. 2,O99.7 3,502 5 6,400.9 <1a1a 6,1 70. I 6,444.0 6,342.2 8 .2e5.2 l5 ,164.3 17.0 F. O.B. Price per Kilo Rs. to.50 18.86 3t 22 30 51 33.41 35 r4 35. 03 52.s2 77 .20 18.0 London Market Price per Kilo Pence 85 .45 156.56 il5 80 104 .88 9l .73 94.49 107.46 I 53,40 247.41 Rs. 12.48 46.73 35 .41 34.67 39. 30 36.76 37.19 55 .06 75.49 t9.0 Taxes collected hom Tea 19. t Tea Export Tax Rs. Mn. r65 8 280.2 2,781 .O 2,495 .2 I ,920. 3 |,878.5 I ,443. 9 | ,289,6 1,550.0 19.2 Advalorem Tax 575.0 5 10.4 223.4 'l0t .7 86.4 149.7 o7a ) 1 .030 .0

I The cxtent registered as small holdings is not included. ,Sozrce r.' Central Bank of Ceyion. +'Provisional. Sri Lanka Tea Board. + Esrates only. Department of Ccnsus & Statistics. fi Estimated. 4.4 RUBBER 1vt6-t984 23

Itent Unit 1976 r977 r978 1979 1980 1981 l9E2 1983 l9E4r

l.A Registered Ares Hectares 261,O40 263,626 263 ,s01 26f,777 26l+, | 08 264 ,487 264,568 264,528 na. 1.8 Actual Area 227,O74 226,660 226,420 226,4r9 227 ,135 205 ,605 205 ,690 2O5,649 205,589 1.1 Area in Tapping r92,1 56 188,825 184,791 186,557 185,573 175 ,855 170,7J8 t64 ,248 168,968 1.2 High Yielding l9 | ,283 1.93 ,933 197,538 202,201 I 59 ,745 t68,447 13 7,650 132 ,7 to 130,7c6 1.3 Others 1a 1\7 69,693 65 .963 34,464 25,3O2 33 ,830 3t,943 38,r82 2.0 Area Replanted 2,550 2,6!1 3,226 4, l6E 5,434 6,uz 5,E66 5, il9 5,530 3 ,0 Area N€wly Platrted 56 JJ 379 583 976 1 ,056 L 650 |,745 1.2e3 4.0 Subsidies lor ReplaDtitrg Rs. Mn. l1.l 12.6 19.0 3s.2 54.0 66.r 87.9 8E.6 92.7 5.0 Fertilizer Corsumption M.T. 13,038 12,428 2l,000 23 ,500 22,OW I 6 .E00 16,485 tE ,500 23,496 6.0 Work Force No, 66,920 68,362 80,000 73 ,36r 70,4+8 70,0i0 70,000 n'4. n .4. ?.0 AYerage Yield per Hectare Kgs, 789.9 773.r 845.0 820.0 ? 18.0 7C5. O 729.O 818.O 840.0 8.0 Cost ol Production per Kilo Rs. 3 ,28 3.7 4 4.85 6.86 E.20 8.92 9 .48 9, 90 t1.23 9.0 Toaal Production Mn. Kgs. 152. O 146.1 155.6 153.0 133. I 124.o 125.2 140.0 142 0 9.1 Smoked Shcet 86.5 a4.7 91.9 81.7 72.4 62.1 62.2 54.6 9.2 Solc CrePe 4.1 4.4 5.1 4.8 4.3 42 4.1 4.3 na. 9.3 Scrap Crepe t4. 5 t6.9 14.7 15.4 t3.4 9.0 8.3 4.6 na. 9.4 Latex Crepe 43 .8 37.1 36.6 JO. J 3l .8 33.9 36. 0 66. ! n.a. 9.5 Lalex 1.0 0.9 1.1 t.l 1.5 t5 2.1 n.a. 9.6 Tchnically Specified Rubbet )a 2.O 6.2 13.2 9.1 lx.2 12.3 8l na. 9.7 Local ConsuDption 1.3 6,8 9.0 10.6 14.9 16.2 16.4 164 15.I 9.8 Rubber Stocks 33 ,9 38. E 47,4 6l .3 58. 5 33.7 ll.3 9.6 10.0 Export Volue Rs. Mn. 889.6 930.6 2,O20.6 2,49r .4 2 ,590.4 2,889.2 2322.6 2.85t.8 3,30t.o ll.0 Export Volums Mn. Kgs. r37.0 135. E 13E.0 t28 2 12l.o r32.5 t3r.3 125,2 126.2 t2.0 F.O.B.Price perKilo Rs. 6. 50 6.8s 14.64 19.44 21 .42 2t .80 17. 68 22.?7 26.16 13.0 Export flistribulion l3,l China Pcople's RePublic Mn Kgs 74.6 65 .3 62.5 44.6 43.2 35.2 8.2 t 6.5 t9.3 13.2 U.S.S.R. 10.2 7.E 6.9 15 .7 r6.3 16.3 18. 5 11.2 28.4 13.3 U.S.A. 4.1 4.E 5.3 5.9 9.7 6.4 5.3 5.0 4.5 13.4 Poland 4.0 6.7 11.0 6.6 6.5 ls. 5 6.6 13.6 13.5 Rumania 4.5 0.9 5.3 lo 5.2 13.6 Paki3tao 5.4 5.1 sl 7.5 11 8.3 6.5

Weigbted avrrage Cost of Production of public sector estltes, private sector estates and small boildings, Sozrces.' Rubbcr Coolrol Departm€nt. a Proviiional. Deptrtment of Lrbou. gn 24 4.5 COCONUT - DU

Item Unlt t979 1980 t982 19E3 t.0 Total Coconut Production Mn. Nuts 2,393 2,026 2,521 2,198 l,l Lo;al Consumption. |,302 |,f26 |,367 |,416 2.0 Maior Cocoftut Productc 2.1 Copra M.T.'JJC l3l t63.1 l0l 123 r38.4 2,2 Coconut Oil EO 1o0.4 63 76 t0l .2 82.8 31 .7 2 3 Desicated Coconut 42 40.0 32 4l 42.O 43.3 32s 3.0 Cost ol Produclion Dor 'fi)ll Nuts Rs. 330.00 370.00 ,t0J.0O 55C.00 5?0.00 900.00 630.00 4,0 Work Force" No. I 2,toc t5,718 16,056 r 6 ,c00t r6,000t 5,0 Fertilizgr CcDsumption - Volumc M.T. 42 ,60J 49,700 5s,800 37 ,700 ' 30,250 35 ,700 49 ,985 6.0 Subsidised Fertilizer - Value Rs- l,ln. 50.2 172.2 tr. a. n.a D. a. n.a. n. a, 7.0 Exporlr - Volums 7.1 Three Major Coconut Products Mn. Nuts 594.6 5t7 239.4 400. E 569.4 582.3 327.l 7.1.1 Coora M.T.'000 0.9 0.E 03 2.1 3.5 4.1 2,3 7.1.2 Coconut Oil 30.3 t2.4 3.0 17.5 33. 6 34,6 r2.t 7.1.1 D.sicatedCoconut 5l.l 40.2 31.4 36.9 4r .7 4t.9 3r.8 7.2 Fresh Nurs 0.3 2l 9.0 57 4.4 7.3 Coir Fibre Bristle 23,801 2E,546 9,702 E,9t6 19,547 8 ,298 8,381 7.4 Coir Fibre Mattress 62.7J6 60,70e 46, 1 20 41 ,542 56,076 40,8t2 35,972 7,5 Cocount Shcll Charcoal 3'.J,716 39,647 29,208 20,87t 27,602 32 ,563 27 ,r74 t.0 Exports- Velue 8.1 Three Major Coconut Producl Rs. Mn. 97t.6 t297.6 7i3. 8 l 0t0.7 10J2.6 |,4(x).1 t552.1 8. l. I Conra 9.9 t 3.3 4.5 42,3 57.4 14.O 12.5 8.1,2 CmnutOil 122.7 508.9 4t.6 20t),3 347 6 433.4 303 .5 8.1.3 DesicatedCocoout 63E.9 77 5.4 7U).7 768 | 597.5 90r.8 l,t76.7 t.2 Fresh Nuls 21.9 20.8 7-8.4 8.3 Coir Fibrc Bristle | 12.9 t37. 5 10t.9 78.4 t58 0 99. I lo9 .8 8.4 Coir Fibre Maatress 122.1 150.3 | 92.5 t35.5 2|L.7 133.0 t32.2 8.5 Cconut Shell Charcorl 5t .7 9E,6 93. I 55.9 62.7 73.3 t29.4 9.0 F.O. B . Pricc per Kilo 9.1 Copra tc.73 16.14 | 6.49 20.59 t6. 63 t7 .91 30.36 9.2 Coconut Oil 10.64 15.61 t5.97 | 1.46 t0.33 t2.53 24.52 9.3 D€icated Coconut t2.50 19.25 22.30 20.82 t4. 34 21.49 37.00 9,4 Fresh Nuts ? t( 3.57 3. 39 3.65 6. {8 9.5 Coir Fibre Bristle 4.5 t t0 60 8.79 8.08 ll.e7 t3. tl 9.6 Coir Fibre Mattress 247 4. t7 3.2s 3.78 3.26 3.68 9.7 Coconut Sbell Charcoal )\t 3. t9 2.67 2.26 4.76 10.0 Local Market pricc por Kilo l0.l Copra No. l Rs 4.45 5.95 6.58 6.1! l8.60 10.2 Coconut Oil 7.19 9.31 t0. E4 9.81 26.49 10.3 Desicated Coconut 6.67 949 il48 8. 78 24.97 I I .0 Pricc ol a Frsh Nut L00 I .48 | .80 t.60 4.10

. Estimated. Sorcer.' Coconut Marketing Borrd. 1973 Agricultural Census shows that there.re 1,1t5,510 acrcs ofcoconut lands. CG.'n!l Culrivation Eorld. .. Estates only, Dcpartment of Ldbou. /Vota,' Annual acreagc ofcoconui cultivation is not available. Customs, Sri Lrnta. t Provirional. 4.6 MINOR EXPOR.T CROPS 1976 - 1984 25

Item

1.0 Cultivated Aret (Hectares) l.l Cocoa I,421 8,537 8,t09 8,4s9 8,554 8,520 8 ,486 8,020 |,2 Cinnamon 2l ,825 2t ,902 22,981 22,150 ,l'191 2?.929 22,183 2l,083 1.3 Cardamoms 4,O79 4,361 4,992 5,300 ),J)U 5 111 5,212 1.4 Citronella 4,2El 4,501 3,324 3,429 i:rr1 3,290 5:0;o n.a. 1.5 Pepper 6,538 7 ,t3l 8,193 9 ,080 9,467 9, r00 9 ,994 ll,306 2.0 Production (MT) 2.1 Cocoa lt,406 t2,253 l2,066 12,85t I I ,573 1r,t76 l l ,5c0 l4,400 6,638 2.2 Cinnamon t1 ,678 l8,5E6 26,2s3 28,444 34,63E t9,321 3 I .500 25 ,400 t4,o30 2.3 Cardamoms 4.091 4,609 5,1r7 3,505 3 .490 4,74s 4 .500 4.800 r,992 2.4 Citronella t otl 3,49C 4,t55 s ) l, 5,7t6 5,160 4,700 3:ooo D.a, 2.5 Pepper | 5,570 17 ,o22 t6,161 | 3 ,460 l3,55r | 8 ,857 I I ,0C0 20,000 l3,91t 3.0 Exports - Quantiay (MT) 3,1 Cocoa l,ll3 I ltl I ,040 610 916 ont 698 807 618 3.2 Cardamoms l6l 86 149 179 t64 216 209 t36 lt7 3.3 Pepper l0 630 |,206 876 @7 t ns) 1,238 | ,t20 2,202 3.4 Cloves 478 1,224 470 186 | ,194 | ,348 975 I ,750 968 3.5 Cinnamon Quills 5,294 5,207 5,182 6,989 5,626 8,269 5,428 5,t67 8,256 3.6 Cinnamon Chios 508 533 406 320 |,999 45J 5r0 398 563 3.7 Fapain White 36 36 25 24 t8 l9 32 29 l6 3.8 Papain Brown l0 5 15 ll 9 7 I -?.9 Nutmcg and Mace 325 152 395 361 22a 398 354 304 428 3.10 Citronella Oil 229 l12 r27 t3l r06 lEl 90 lr3 na. {.0 Exports - Value (Rs. Mn.) 4.1 Cocoa

. Provisional. Sources.' Central Bank of Ceylon. Department of Ccnsus and Statistict. Customs. Sri Lanks. 26 4.7 PADDY PRODUCTION T975 _.T984

Item 1983

1.0 Total Cultivated Area (Hectares '000) 696 724 828 876 839 845 877 845 824 l.O.l Maha 444 464 538 57s 578 574 597 568 583 1.0.2 Yala 252 260 290 30t 26r 27r 280 277 241 l.l lrrigated Area 370 402 487 536 523 525 548 5r9 538 1.1.1 Major 213 237 283 3t9 328 331 349 347 373 1.1.2 Minor 157 165 204 217 195 194 199 172 165 1.2 Rainfed Areat 326 322 342 336 3r6 320 329 325 286 2.0 Area under Improved Varietics (Hectares 'fiX)) 520 559 692 685 648 683 839 763 745 2.1 Maha 337 383 478 475 448 487 )ll 515 532 2.2 Yala t83 176 214 2lo 2N 196 262 248 2t3 3.0 Gross Area Harvested (llectares '000) 598 636 783 8,10 783 816 837 747 778 886 3.1 Maha 3s4 426 506 s53 551 555 565 479 559 509 3.2 Yala 244 2ro 277 287 232 261 268 219 377 4.0 Sale of Certified Seed Paddy (MT.) 4,299 5,509 2,096 2,650 3,276 T: 3,934 4.1 Maha 3,610 4,966 I ,4gl 2,462 2,274 2,693 4.2 Yala 689 543 605 188 I ,002 | ,l4l 5.0 Fertilizer Issues (MT.) 43,802 73,669 82,569 ll3,8o8 73,@3 145,010 1&,784 l4l ,383 159,937 171 ,432 5.1 Maha 27,056 42,454 54,213 78,366 43,753 92,243 I l0,812 92,493 118,(D5 ll2,o77 5.2 Yala 16,746 31 ,215 28,156 35,42 29,950 52,767 53,972 48,900 4l ,842 59,355 6.0 Credit Given for Paddy Cultivation (Rs. Mn.) 85.5 74.3 99.2 ,148.0 74.0 6l .0 97.0 127.7 r53.0 176.3 6.1 Maha 74.8 56.9 86.2 416.0 60.0 47.O 7r.o t14.2 124.O 136. I 6.2 Yala lo.7 l7 .4 13.0 32.4 14.o 14.0 26.0 l3 .5 29.O 40.2 7.0 Total Production (MT. '000) | ,154 1,252 | ,677 | ,891 | ,917 2,133 2,230 2,156 2 A79 2,420 7.1 Maha 719 882 | ,t44 1,296 I ,393 I ,453 1,523 | ,363 | ,792 I ,360 7.2 Yala 435 370 s33 605 s24 680 707 793 697 1,060 E.0 Yield per llectare (Kgs.) 2,270 2,315 2.521 2,613 2,75o 2,927 3,014 3,260 3,606 3,076 8.1 Maha 2,393 2,431 2:6s7 2,732 2,819 2.949 3,005 3,150 3,638 3,031 8.2 Yala 2,105 2,077 2,267 2,402 2,574 2:886 2,933 3,3f2 3,603 3,146 I Provisional. So urces : Ministry of Acricultural Development and Research. t Area under other methods of cultivation is also included. Department of Census & Statistics. 4.8 PADDY MARKETING 1977 - 1984 27

ltem unitltsltlrczalr9tsllesO

1.0 GPSPurchases M.T.'000 512 675 541 2ll r27 84 324 169 1.1 Maha 399 498 464 2lo 126 7l 313 115 1.2 Yala 113 l'l1 77 I I 13 1l 54 o/ 2.0 GPSPurclpses/Total Production 30.6 35 .3 28.6 9.9 5.7 3.9 13.1 7.0

3.0 Paddy Marketing Centres (Stores) No. 292 308 304 5IJ 375 375 382 378 3.1 Stores Capacity M.T.'000 321 344 343 427 423 424 436 439

4.0 Prirate Milling Stationst* No. 418 485 462 400 348 237 364 345 5.0 Public Milling Slaticns tt 25 28 27 27 27 )< 26 26 6.0 Total Milling Capacity (per mcnth) M.T.',000 64 74 72 66 83 39 106 53

7.0 Issues Under Rationed Scbeme 7.1 Rice 699 430 275 159 160 IQ 168 7.2 Paddy ,, t4l 8.0 Sales to Food Commissioner by the P.M B. 8.1 Rice 263 259 85 t9 3 60 8.2 Paddy 190 lt J 9.0 GPS Price per Bushelt Rs. 40.00 40.00 50.00 57.50 57.50 62.50 62.50 10.0 Rice Imporls M.T.'000 543 169 189 157 r6l 123 27 11.0 C & F Price per M. Ton of Rice Rs. I ,810 3,736 4,530 5,953 5,116 4915.00 4,gg7 12.0 Cost of a Metric Ton of Imported Rice to the Food Commissioner. . Rs. 1,832 3,917 4,605 4,976

GPS:Grtaranteed Price Scheme, Sources: Paddy MarketingBoard. +* Registered with Paddy Marketing Board. Food Commissioner. f I Bushel: 20.865 kss. * Provisional. 28 4.9 oTHER FOOD CROPS 1976 - 1984

1976 r977 r978 r979 1980 1981 1982 r983 l9g4*t

1.0 Area (Hectares) 236,876 252,790 220,271 168,442 189,841 222,2t8 288,719 311,020 325,240 l.l Manioc 69,411 54,553 39 ,876 33 ,548 27,032 37,068 s2.943 37 ,498 35,850 1.2 Maize 30,389 36,733 28,531 23,617 23,351 28.0s7 44,873 47,230 49,420 1.3 Chillies 43,337 44,074 33,841 20,142 25,482 24:r2 28,422 32,019 32 )OA 1.4 Red Onions 7 ,744 8,163 6,280 5 ,884 7 ,444 8,181 8,213 11 ,435 12,7co 1.5 Ground Nuts 6,724 6,480 8.282 5,054 ll,l56 12,065 74,420 13,619 14,560 1.6 Green Gram 8,364 12,347 12,199 12,196 14,l9s 18,180 21 ,205 28 ,548 30,350 1.7 Sorghum 9:)0 I ,188 593 200 97. 129 63 47 40 1.8 Soya Beans 720 I ,013 1 ,931 1 ,221 I ,0gl 2,213 16,377 14,625 76,22O 1.9 Potatoes 2,798 3,200 2,6J5 4,212 5 ,214 4,648 5,700 6,e43 6.950'210 LlO Bombay Onions 175 244 225 t14 42 96 170 2t7 l.ll Kurakkan 19,837 25,594 17 ,654 t0,338 8,029 13,275 r 6,028 19,854 2l ,0lo l.l2 Gingelly l8 ,995 73,542 16,985 l6 ,7li 3l ,506 25,078 32,704 35 ,089 37 ,630 1.13 Meneri I .071 1,702 551 t65 1,282 876 I,846 897 n,a. l.14 Cowpea t9,229 30,164 27 ,577 30,280 25,541 38,158 35,739 45 ,81I 49,980 1.15 Black Gram 5,091 13,872 14,066 8,741 8,368 10,050 10,046 l7,488 18,800

2.0 Production (MT.) 904,133 801 ,288 750,459 60l ,777 555,910 744,971 993,922 | ,141 ,652 967,980 2.1 Manioc 683,932 54/.,933 499 ,47f 365,066 314,523 422,682 637 ,772 737 ,586 49,280 2.2 Maize 3l ,196 4l ,995 35,333 26,l3l 3l ,366 35,297 44,568 5l ,012 55,920 2.3 Chillies 19,102 3l ,299 28,263 2l ,934 25,465 2l ,413 26,82O 29,400 3l ,430 2.4 Red Onions 76,670 66,346 72,296 62,758 79 ,135 92,17 4 92,667 134,923 lj-7;e6O 2.5 Ground Nuts 6,093 5 ,697 7 ,5O3 5,424 14,055 14,474 13,826 77 ,269 16,4lO 2.6 Green Gram 5,122 7 ,795 9,432 9,720 12,931 18,908 l7 ,697 15,130 26,670 2.7 Sorghum 1 ,662 2,N2 580 t87 79+ 156 58 30 q 2,8 Soya Beans 747 | ,ll2 2,ggt I ,333 1 ,083 2,387 71 ,120 10,608 l4,gg0 2.9 Potatoes 38,753 33,422 29,989 52,654 75,895 63,393 65,170 82,410 88,850 2,10 Bombay Onions | ,253 1 ,694 3,5o9 993 389 883 1,816 2 1384 2,21O 2.ll Kurakkan 15 ,514 23,335 14,661 l0,795 6,655 ll ,714 I 3 ,303 7l ,(,67. 6l ,780 2.12 Gingelly 8,634 7 ,419 9,724 17 ,239 23,546 13,985 23,179 9 ,192 24,O50 2.13 Meneri 838 | ,077 518 100 79r 778 | ,304 1 ,124 n,a, 2.14 Cowpea t2,o28 2l ,321 22,601 18,841 23,508 39,317 35,629 26,lll 46,420 2.15 Rlack Gram 2 l I .705 8,680 6,068 5 7,350 8 12.851 1 s ,070 I Maha only. Sources: Ministry of Agricultural Development & Research. +r Provisional. Departmcnt of Census and Statistics. 4.to LMSTOCK 1972-t984 29

In Thowndr

Itcm l9E2 19E3 l9t4 | 'z' t973 1974 1975 t975 t977 197E t979 1980 19El t.0 Cattle (No.; l.l Population |,699 I ,617 | ,673 r,718 |,712 1,744 I,691 |,512 |,623 |,644 r,72o I r,6e8 ,738 rot 1.2 Slaughtered 242 25r 248 246 222 t95 189 175 t78 tt, I r83 237 1.3 Productioo of Milk (Litres) ,849 129,142 137,796 16s,583 197 ,078 214,559 212,'tsl t98,000 2t8,37E 2t4,64 | 233,235 231,zrs 238 , r82 2 .0 Buffaloes (No.) I 2.1 Population 748 7ll 736 8t8 854 796 814 844 r43 8e8 87e 9t0 951 2.2 Slaughtered 2.O 1.4 t.3 0.2 0.4 002 0.03 | ',o.r* 89, r52 2.3 Production of Milk (Litre) ,278 37 ,O29 4t ,2r8 48,780 53 ,44E 5t,5E3 5s ,437 62,000 6s ,037 ,n.o, | 83,829 3.0 Shep and Go.ts (No.) 3.1 Populaiion

3.1.1 Sbeep 29 27 30 28 30 27 )a 24 28 29 2E 29 29

3.1.2 Goats 562 549 547 s47 562 54s 450 461 493 512 512 519 535 3.2 Slaughtered (Sbeep & Goaas) l14 125 138 r4l r33 129 t27 t24 136 137 163 134 n.a. f.0 Pigs (No.)

4.1 Popularion l02 9l 49 33 35 36 4l 49 7l 94 75 77 85

4.2 Slaughlered 2l t7 t5 t3 l3 19 l8 2l 3l 24 22 l7 n.a. 5.0 Poultry (No.) tt1 5.1 Population 7,528 6,s2l 5 ,685 5,700 5,833 4,912 5 ,882 6,34r 6,5?l 6,614 5.2 Slaughtered 429 2,808 2,382 2,244 2,Og 2,080 r,763 n.a. n.a. 5,3 Production ofEggs 1tt 465,815 406.243 372,704 ?65,322 379.805 360,240 432,12A 5U,686 567 ,r37 56r ,084

Sourc€.' Departmilt of Ccnsus and Statistig. 30 4.II YIELD OF SELECTED AGRICULTURAL CROPS PER HECTARE 1976 _ Ig84

Kilogrammes

Item t982 r984

1.0 Main Agricultural Crops l.l Tea 940 I .007 857 989 n.a. n.a. 1.2 Rubber 790 773 845 820 718 705 729 823 840 1.3 Coconut (Nuts) 5,160 4,031 4,886 5,298 4,486 1.4 Paody 2,315 2,521 2,61_7 2,7s0 2,927 3,014 3,2ffi 3 ,591 3,076 2.0 Other Agricrdtural Crops 2.1 Manioc 9,838 r0,026 12,473 10,884 t2,t12 ll,,|()0 12,046 19,670 13,703 2.2 Maize I ,016 1,142 1,23O I ,106 | ,343 I ,250 993 1.080 1,132 2.3 Chillies 841 728 828 I ,089 999 880 943 918 979 2.4 Red Onions l0, l l4 8,131 ll ,469 10,665 10,627 ll ,260 I I ,283 11,790 ll ,4o2 Ground Nuts 944 I 904 I 1,260 I 959 1,268 1,127 2.5 '627.016 ,073 ,190 2.6 Green Gram 552 690 797 9t0 r ,040 834 530 879 2.7 Sorghum | ,669 1,43 979 935 83s 1.200 920 63E l,o0o 2.8 Soya Beans l,o2g 1,104 1,481 l,og2 991 l;070 679 725 918 2.9 Potatoes 23,001 ll ,795 1l,331 12,500 14.551 13,630 I I .433 12,415 12,784 2,10 Bombay Onions 7 ,t52 7,880 15,761 7 ,410 e;leo 9,190 lo;682 10,986 9,609 2.ll Kurakkan 791 891 828 996 839 880 830 s8x 799 2.12 Ging.elly 452 552 565 I ,031 747 550 708 262 639 2.13 Meneri 778 979 941 606 r22 880 706 1,253 n.a. 2,14 Cowpea 615 703 816 622 920 I ,030 997 570 929 2.15 Thanahal 690 778 703 673 769 n.a. n.o. n.a. n.a. 2.16 Black Gram 461 841 6t5 694 605 730 895 735 802 2.17 Dhal 439 489 9t6 768 n.a. n,a, n.a, n.a, n,4.

3.0 Minor Export Crops 3.1 Cocoa I ,354 | ,436 ,467 I ,585 I ,368 I ,300 739| 899' 828* 3.2 Cinnamon 8il 848 ,182 I ,239 | ,s64 | ,340 833r 580* 665r 3.3 Cardamoms I ,003 I ,057 ,093 702 658 850 430* 463* 382+ 3.4 Citronella 683 776 ,o96 1 ,574 1,667 I .560 729r 551| n.a. 3.5 Pepper 2,535 2,3E7 ,273 | ,641 1,492 I ;eeo 1,010* I ,0E8r l,23Or

I Maha only Sources: Central Bank ofCeylon. f)epartment of Crnsus and Statistics. 4.12 FERTILTZER 1977 - 1984 3l (Metric Tons)

Item 1979 19E0 1981 1982 t_

1.0 Consumption l.l Tea 80,394 il 5,500 105,156 10t,717 to},122 to2,645 il5,515 t37,228 1.2 Rubber l2,428 20,944 23,247 2l ,415 l6,780 r6,485 l8,522 23,496 1.3 Coconut J), 184 42,553 49,s91 55,769 37,654 30,135 35,671 49,985 1.4 Paddy 122,Ots 136,127 I 30,409 l8E,826 | 5s,5E9 t61 ,t4l 165,4r7 I 86,848 1.5 Orhcr 53,494 64,886 63 .968 65 ,334

Total 297,515 380,Or5 172,374 433,061 365,260 379,224 407 ,436 470,?80 i-I

20 Price per Metric Ton of Straisht t97E.12.3t1 | 1979.09.20. l9El 09.16r 1983.05. 04. lngredients.. Rs. I Rs. Rs. Rs. 2.1 Ammonium Sulphate I,462 731 O'J 716 3,285 4,270 3,600 2.2 Ammonium PhosDhare | ,182 591 tl Ammonium Nitrate 886 443 408 408 2.4 Ammorriun SulDhate Nitrate 610 I,t07 2.5 Bcic Slas- 394 394 8,990 2.6 Borate | ,245 I ,053 g6s |,015 | ,343 Caicium Cynamide 566 284 2.8 Dolomrte 192 192 ti 192 250 250 2.9 Epsom Salt 699 662 609 6t5 t ,2i0 | ,000 2,1r5 2,750 Llo Gypsum 261 261 2.tl Kieserite 989 662 609 35 |,230 2,645 4,E@ 4,8il 2.r2 Muriarc of Potash (61%) |,296 &9 596 640 |,388 I ,055 2,23O 2,900 2,750 2.13 Rock Phosohare 823 4tl 370 4C2 I,132 690 l,255 r,63s 2,000 2.r4 Sulphate of Potash 87r 921 849 885 783 1,420 2,595 ? l?< 2.15 Super Phosphate (Conc) 2,058 |,674 1,355 2,065 2,685 2.16 Super Phosphate (Ord) 551 I ,556 2,850 2.t7 Slacked Coral Lime 290 290 ,t: 290 2.t8 Urea 2,671 | ,037 I,043 980 2,140 2,785 2 ,850 2.r9 Urea Formaldehvde- 837 4t8 I,638 2.20 Zinc Sulphate 960 | ,294 t,t90 1,248 2,O20 4,245 5,520 2.21 Calcim ))a Ammonium Nitrate 615 308 2,916 Dl Anmonium PhosDhate 1,464 | ,980 4,670 6 2.23 ADatite 4ll 4i 402 '075 2.24 Crushed Oil Cake 758 75E ) )< Sediment Poonac 862 861 2.26 N.P 2,785 3,500 * * Ferlilizer Corporarion Prices. (t9E3 .05.04th prices represent prices in Colombc District.) Soarces.' Fertilizer Corporation. + Effstive Dates. Roberts Forage Works. Colombo Commercial CompanY. A. Baur and Company, Ltd. Janatha Estate Develofment Board. Shaw Wallace and Hedgcs. 32 5.1 INDUSTRIAL ACTMTIES: SRI LANKA COMPARED WITH SELECTED COUNTRIES

Sri Philip- Item Ref. Year Unit Lanka pines u. s. A.

o/ )l 1.0 Manufacturing/GDP 1983 14.0 lo.2 ls.tv'l 28.t l8.0 t8.2 25.1 2r.l 30. o(r 24.O( 24.0() (4)l I 2.0 Electricity/Population 1984 Kwh. 145 41 196 I I,364 7g2( 203() 354 414 4,936 i n. a. n. a. 3.0 General Index of Per Capita Food Production 1984 1974- 76:100 120 96 tl4 r25 il3 r0l 108 112 n. a, n. a. n. a, 4.0 Imports of Machinery and Transport (3) t5 o/ Equipments/Total Imporrs 1984 17.6 20.0 14.6 32.O 42.so 24.1' 2l . l(5) 28.9(5 0.1 n. a. n, a.

5.0 Imports of Petroleum and Petroleum (3) (5 ( (5) t3 Products/Total Imports 1984 o/ 22.5 9.5 38.4 23.8 13.8 30.7 27 .5 51.5' 3l.l(3) 6.0 Index of Production e) 6.1 Mining I 982 1975_.-100 I 36(l n, a. 147 108 82 n. a. 12f 149 lo0(2 30 lt8 (2 6.2 ManufacturinC . . r982 1975:100 l25l 96 r41 2s7 177 n. a. 142 189 r43 9 t26(2) (2 (2) 6.3 Electricity . . 1983 1975:100 196 202 162 234 199 166 t38 2t2 t28' ll ll5

6.4 Food 1984 1974- G (2) 76:100 r42 126 138 129 t4l t33 133 133 t07 l2l

a 1977:100 Sources: ADB - Key Indicators - 1984. (l) 1979 UN-Statistical Ycar Book-1981 . (2, 1980 (3) l98l (4) 19E2 (5) | 983 5.2 VALUE OT' INDUSTRIAL aa PRODUCTION 1977 - Ig84 JJ In Millior R:',pces

Industr.ial Group r977 1984+

1. Food, Beverages and Tobacco 2,295 2,609 2,856 3,ggg 4,496 5,246 6,998 8,623 2, Textiles, Wcaring Apparel and Leather products 698 I 1,128 ,009 |,923 3,040 3,863 5 ,136 7 ,565 3. Wood and Wood Products (includingfurniture) 127 124 166 289 315 361 522 640 4, Paper and Paper Products 270 376 41s 476 626 725 901 907 5. Chemicals, Petroleum, Coal, Rubber antl plastic products 2,469 3,279 4,509 9,416 12,015 73,099 I I ,gg8 14.,3:g 6. Non-Metallic Mineral Products (except petroleum 4ll 592 710 1,156 I ,250 7,370 1,469 1,329 and coal) 7, Basic Metal p.oducts r32 2t9 3/19 478 428 262 302 199 8. s, Machinery and 571 590 569 620 732 904 | ,129 | ,456 9, ducts 34 f) 50 5l 58 t+ 90 I06

Total 10,781 18,3I I 23,010 25,904 28,434 35,653 * Provisional. Scurce: Centre.l Bank of C--vlon. 34 5.3 TEXTILES 1979-1984

Capacity Utilised (Percentage)

Item 1980 1982

53 .9 48.9 55 .6 1.0 Spinning (Cottoi Blended) (Mn. KgJ 8.49 6.49 8 .69 42.r I .1 National Tcxtile Corporatiotl | .41 0.98 .18 I .10 97,2 59 .3 81 .3 95 .8 72.1 66.6 .l.l Veyangoda A1 1 47 .3 Thulhiriya 1 .73 0.88 .83 2.68 | 3.14 3 .48 23 .5 It.5 24.8 36.4 .l .2 73.1 90.3 90.3 105 .5 .1 .3 Pugoda 1 .30 1 .21 .06 l.3l I r.3l r .53 89 .6 78 .5 68.0 67 .O 44.5 49.0 .1 Mattegama 1 .01 0.55 .36 0.98 50.5 26.5 .4 6J.7 63 .1 I .1 Minneeriya 0.75 0.55 .02 r.01 46.8 33 .5 .5 | - 1'> ',f 56.8 53 .7 26.5 45.4 .2 Asian Cotton Mills 0.86 0.96 .75 o.71 | 0.35 0.60 65.9 69 .l 6r .7 34.9 38.2 .3 Wellawatte Spinning & Weaving l\4ills 0.85 0.76 .43 0.4't I 67 .4 69 .7 33 .5 51.3 4r .6 54.0 .,+ United Spinning & Weaving Mills 0.58 0.60 .62 0.95 | O .77 I .00 36.2 36.6 42.4 44.7 48 .5 2.0 Weaving (Cotton Synthetic) (Mn. Mtrs.) 90.00 97 .91 14.96 lr09 .47 l19 .r 6 42.6 2.1 National Textile CorPoraiion 't 64.6 2.1 .l Vcyangoda 6.43 3.97 6.59 7 .14 | 6.25 .76 53.5 33 .0 54.8 59 .4 52.0 3 .07 5.04 8.76 32.0 23.9 39 .2 41 .r 51 .3 68.2 2.1 .2 Thulhiriya 4.12 11, ) 7 .25 8 .28 141 9 .55 65.9 75.2 61 .9 43 .8 86.8 2.1 .3 Pusoda aaA It.5 2.2 Deparirnenl of Textilc Indrrstrics 26.3r 11.68 3.57 | 5.r0 6.80 46.4 20.6 57 .9 2.3 Weilawattc Spinning & Weaving Mills 11 .3'7 8.80 7.92 68.8 53 .3 47 .9 60.3 2.4 Kandy Textile Industries l.1l 0.37 0.26 10.0 00.3 2.3 Looms 5.66 8.04 14.84 32.96 40.7 49.2 45.9 50.5 57 .2 57 .8 2.5 Co-operative and Private Power 29.4 29.4 Looms 24.0O 24.O0 28.00 24.00 29.3 29.3 34.2 31 .8 2.6 Hand 48.4 86.9 78.0 2.7 Synthetic Mill (Weaving & Knitting) 18.47 2t .19 27 .79 29.33 6l .2 71 .7 56.0

of Tcxtile Industries. *+ No Production. Source : Ministry 5.4 STEEL 1977 - 1984 35

Item

1.0 Production (MT.) l.l Rolling Mill 34,144 46,390 64,295 45,590 62,680 4.019 44,962 42,O82 1.1.1 Ro-unCs 18,412 27 33,302 76,079 8,910 n 11a ,403 2:s8s 2,614 2,975 1.1.2 Flats 2,221 7 ,974 4,759 6,811 1,499 956 Angles L1.3 3,369 3 ,496 10,178 5,190 4,882 I 1 Ribbed (Tor ,359 739 ,286 1.1.4 Steel Steel) 9,586 1 3 ,280 18,941 19,563 42,077 36,577 40,653 26,242

1.2 Wire Mill(MT.) 7,617 14,072 10,959 12,459 10,?,64 4,030 2,658 2,O9O 1.2.1 Wire drawing 5 ,496 9 ,491 8,400 9.189 7.058 2,995 1,723 1,436 1.2.2 Annealling and Galvanising I ,530 2,93O | I 2,095 497 1.2.3 Barbcd ,571 ;831 506 367 Wire 177 670 229 319 235 1'16 105 64 1.2.4 Welded Mesh 400 981 759 | ,l2o 876 362 324 223 1.2.5 Hexagonal Mesh l4 (MT.) 1.3 Foundry 657 632 797 671 446 477 420 1.3.1 Crinding 204 Media 30 83 168 305 229 174 t33 48 1.3.2 General Casting 149 r89 248 152 113 153 136 143 Pig Iron l 3.3 478 360 38r 214 64 r50 151 l3 2.0 Capacity Uliliza;tion (l) Rolling 2.1 Mill 4.0 49 47 55 4l 23 25 16 2.2 Wire Mill 46 79 70 77 59 25 Foundry 14 l2 2.3 66 63 44 67 41 47 /a 45 3.0 Cost of Production per Metric Ton (Rs.) 3.1 Rolling Mill 3 ,683 4.030 5,454 6,592 8 ,513 7 ,794 8 ,053 9 ,570 3.2 Wire Mill Process . . a',640 I 4:83e 7 ,423 8,784 12.974 15,755 18,762 20, | 08 Foundry 6,067 -?.3 8,081 6,708 11,686 26,5t0 26,100 30,t79 5l ,742 4.0 Personnel Strength (No.) ] 2,ll8 2,243 2,2r4 2,305 2,230 | ,749 I Source: Ceylon Stcel Corporation. 36 5.5 CEMENT 1976 -1984

Item r977 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

1.0 Instrllcd CrDnfity (M/T.'J00) l.l Kankesan 275 275 275 275 210 i98 298 298 278 1.2 f u italam 440 440 440 440 440 440 440 440 454 1.3 Galle 100 100 100 100 100 100 t00 100 100

2. 0 Actual Utilization (M/T. '000) 2. t Kankesan 189 77 2t5 23s 248 241 229 216 157 2.2 Pilttalam 185 89 340 349 353 8J5 292 209 2.3 Calle JO 35 62 l5 J) 35 3.0 Percrntagc Utilization (%) 3. I Kankesan 5l 85 92 82 77 12 51 3,2 Puttdlanr 30 80 ',1 66 62 46 3.3 Gulle 35 l5 34 35 4.0 Production ol Portland Ccment (M/T'.000) 362 .8 591.7 55r.0 921 .l 468.5 447.O 40t.5 4.1 I(ankesrn 162.5 227.2 tE0.5 549.8 217.r t89.6 r57.5 236.4 )a1 I 203. 8 4.2 Puttalanl 168.3 335.0 315.4 3 r5.9 1( 4.3 Galle 32.O 29.5 45.r 15.0 tJ. t ' 5.0 Production ol Masonary Ccmest (M/TJ000)* 68 .7 11 .7 74.7 68. 8 33.8 5 I Kankesan t8.0 19.9 10. 3 8.7 3.3 5.2 Put(alam 44.7 47.3 64.4 60. I 29.7 5.3 Galle 6.0 4.5 0.8 6.0 Saies-Total (Pcrtland & Masonary Cement-MT.'000) 342.5 674.O 633. I 7tt.l 570.7 498 .8 7.0 Frice pcr Metric Ton (Portland Cemcnt-Rs.) 7.1 l(ankesan 7.2 Puualanr 370 440 860 r ,280 1 ,280 | ,380 | ,86C I ,860 7.3 Galle 370 440 860 l,28) |,2E) 1 ,381 I,860 l ,940 370 440 9t8 L 338 | ,338 |,4,18 I,910 I ,998 8.0 Pricc por Mc(r ic Ton (Masonary Cemcnt-Rs.) 8, I l(ankcsan a.2 Putaalam 358 575 575 640 830 8.3 Gallc 358 575 575 830 631 a 883 9.0 Cost ot Production Dcr Metric Ton (Portland Cemest-Rs.) 9. I Knnkesail 300 370 4ll 863 |,244 E53 | ,o77 I ,064 9.2 Puttalam 367 42) '165 1,422 |,r5l | ,456 | ,791 9.3 Galle 365 561 709 I ,504 |,759 l ,326 t,437 I ,786 10.0 Cost ol Production pcr Metric Ton (Mascnary Ccment-Rs.) l0.l Kankesan to, 462 461 703 617 10.2 Puttalanr 291 428 581 543 859 lO-3 Galle 661 748 835 il Prolu:t:on of Mascnary Cement has been discontinued from 1984, Sorrce,' Ceylon Cement Corporation. 5.6 PETROLELJM 1977 - 1984 37

1.0 Crule Oil Imports-Quantity M.T.',000 1 ,516 I ,439 2,O+3 I,7ll | ,91! 1 ,492 t 71? 2.0 Crude Oil Imporls-Value (c. i. f.) Rs. Mn. 2,243 .7 3 ,136.6 8,130.1 8 ,6,13.7 lo ,174.9 7 ,832-5 9,542.4 3.0 Pelroleum Products Processed In Sri Lanka 3.1 Petrol M.T.'000 103 l2l 97 109 100 tl4 95 3.1.1 Super 84 104 92 109 100 114 95 3.1.2 Regular ,t 19 17 5 3.2 Kerosene t, 185 2tl 186 179 149 155 133 r48 3.3 Furnace Oil 545 548 509 745 699 721 490 658 3.4 Auto Diesel 277 242 271 334 309 336 176 359 3.5 Marine and Heavy Diesel 92 Il7 90 100 107 94 216 108 3.6 Aviation Fuel-(AVTUR) 72 36 JI 43 84 115 66 lr6 s 155 3.7 Liquid Petroleum Gas M.T. 3.100'25 6,2t1 7 ,477 6,410 8,t27- 7,071 8,631 3.8 Asphalts (Bitumen) I\.LT.'000 25 24 26 164 z) LJ 35 3.9 Naptha (Chemical) ,t 102 82 90 l5r I ;18 158 120 121 3.10 Solvents M.T, 2,130 2,626 3,408 2,41O 3 ,360 2,796 3,O29 4,238 3.ll Locally Blended Lubrication Oil M.T.'000 13.7 16.3 18.4 'r) ) 18.4 19.7 19 .9 20.1

4.0 Foreign Exchangc Earningsf Rs. Mn. 584.5 939.6 1,958.0 3 ,036.0 3,347.4 3 ,262.9 2,99 I 3,276.2 4,1 Marine Diesel ,t 63.1 94.8 166.0 196.2 140.3 185. I 169.8 249.0 4.2 Aviation Fuel (Avtur and Avgas) ,, t11.3 227.8 424.5 704.2 918 .8 871 .3 732.7 '120.6 4.3 Auto Diesel 25.7 57 .2 118.4 126.4 128.4 166.2 14r.O 131. 8 4.4 Naptha 98.8 142.3 437 .l 634.1 563 .8 430. 8 341.7 437 .6 4.5 Furnace Oil t, 43.6 89.9 122.8 587.0 801.0 725.9 4.r9.9 1,298.6 4.6 Fuel Oil (Bunkering) ,, 240.9 325.9 672.6 677 .9 783 .0 867 .9 818.0,,\ 398.5 4.7 Exports to Maldives ,, l.l 1.7 2.8 2.9 6.4 5.0 ) ?.6.7 4.8 Marine Lub. & etc. 18.1 ). / 10.7 o{ 10.4

f Excluding foreign exchange carned on Lighterage and Serviccs. Source : Ceylon Petrolcr.rm Corporation. r Provisonal. 38 5.7 TYRES 1976 - 1984

Item r977 l9E1 1982 1983 1984

1.0 Producticn 1.1 Standa.rd Tyres (Quantity-No.) 128,341 ll4,20o 173 ,131 1 88 ,530 194,860 155,950 165 ,995 1 70 ,533 160,801 1.2 Value* (Rs.'000) 93,351 80,530 158,726 776,4t6 245,601 229 ,331 267 ,554 287 ,lO7 297,463 2 C Proluction-Quantity (No.) l.l Tluck Tyres 62,287 60,681 94,810 153,677 109,546 88,206 111,839 97 ,478 82,699 2.2 Agricultura.l'fyres 10,c25 8,49'l 79 )\ L1') 27 26,726 25,716 25 ,561 7 {?< ,255 ,126 11 l1a 2.3 Car & Jeep Tyres 108,529 87,318 I I2,898 145,223 137 ,414 89,400 9l ,281 100,008 2.4 Scooter Tyres 3 ,758 6,37O 739 4,873 3,668 8 ,311 2.5 Tubes & Flaps 185,989 174,330 241 ,484 260,387 205,816 164,294 175,402 198,307 219,080 3.0 Sales (Rs.'000) 3.1 Standard Tyres ll9 ,079 l3l,304 172,921 182,480 717 ,113 762,772 768,27',1 148,541 169 ,490 3.2 Valuet 86,863 93 ,714 I 56 ,820 175,603 24,l.,032 236,699 270,792 250,079 3ll ,957 4.0 9ales - Quantity (No,) 4.1 Truck Tyres 59 ,916 68,644 90,905 99,102 105,246 87 ,366 94,603 80,724 87 ,73O 4.2 Agricultural Tyres 9,295 17 ,378 I 9 ,980 24,384 27 ,156 )1 )<1 25,816 24,10+ 7 ,763 4.3 Car & Jeep Tyres 92,209 I 10,813 134,256 l3l ,443 129,036 106,497 93,371 89,065 '13 ,615 4.4 Scooter Tyres I ,361 2,941 3 ,213 I ,569 3,834 3,492 5,209 4.5 Tubes & Flaps 185,824 173,210 222,110 236,246 218,035 770,426 168,477 174,474 203,619 5.0 Imports of Inputs (Rs.'C00) 3.1 Equipment & Machinery with Local Costs 2,173 | ,357 2,764 5 ,095 21 ,293 1l ,417 I I ,588 5 ,747 8,410 3.2 Raw Materials Foreign Component 20,251 l7 ,756 4l ,242 86,695 40 ,718 68,759 73,074 102,450 103,359 3,3 Spares - 686 746 2,04A 2,944 9,342 10,077 2,662

6.0 PerscnnelStrength (No.) 2 2,O5g 1,962 | ,942. 7 ,921 I ,8gg I ,959 1 ,869 I ,889 7.0 Aair"l a;p;'iiiiii siina'i.a tyres (No.) 172,679'tJ78 172,679 197 ,623 197 ,575 219,869 204,496 201 ,496 230,000 217 ,136 8.0 Captcity Utilization (%) . . l+.J 66.1 90.4 95 .7 85 .4 78.2 7l .6 76.5 70.9

* Net realisable afte.r cash discounts. Source : Sri Lanka Tyre Corporation. f Less Business Turnover Tax. 5.8 MINERALS 1976 - 1984 39

Item

1.0 Precious anrl Semi-Precious Stones l.l Exports Rs,Mn. 287 .l 253.9 524,6 494:3 664.0 634.1 398.0 520.6 503 .l 1,1.1 By the Private Sector ,, 278.3 243.0 442.1 449.3 59rt.5 624.1 390.5 519.1 497.2 1.1.2 By the Corporation ,, 8.8 10.9 82.s 45.0 65.5 10.0 7.5 1.5 5.9 1.2 Tourist Sales 72.3 69.4 80.0 66,9 52.8 175.4 150.3 99.9 t26.6 1,2.1 By the Private Sector 62.3 64.9 69.2 47.0 37 .7 t62.9 139.1 90.9 112.1 1.2.2 By the Corporation 10.0 4.5 I0.8 19.9 15.1 t2.5 tl.2 9.0 14.5 2.0 Graphite 2.1 Production M.T. 8,167 8,818 lo,724 9,526 7,300 7 ,457 8,797 5,528 5,623 2.2 Exports 2.2.1 Quantity ,t 8,045 9,944 11 ,262 I0,935 6,595 4,491 3,025 4,605 7 ,O5l 2.2.2 Yalue Rs.Mn. t7.2 22.4 57 .5 77 .2 83 .8 96.4 57 .9 67 .2 84.7 < 'r)'1 2.2.3 Average Price per Metric Ton . . Rs. 2 1185 2,558 7 ,413 15,481 20,864 19,156 14,592 12,022 2.3 Local Sales 2,3,1 Quantity M.T. 275 216 265 251 193 r77 t72 268 222 2.3.2 \alte Rs.'000 708 693 1,160 1,490 825 801 968 | ,429 |,364 3.0 Ilmenite 3.1 Production Ivl.T.'000 56.0 34.7 35 .3 56.0 3r.4 80.1 68.3 80.5 102.0 3.2 Exports 3.2.1 Quantity M.T.'000 53.2 42.0 37 .O 30.6 36.7 4l .l 48.9 29.9 I29.8 3.2.2 Yalue Rs.Mn. 6.8 4.8 9.0 9.1 9.8 13.6 15.3 10.9 63.2 4.0 Rutile 4.1 Production M.T. | ,043 998 11,615 14,825 7 ,086 l3,301 7 ,212 7,803 6,467 4.2 Eiports 4.2.1 Quantity M,T. 2,220 198 9,326 l5,l 88 9,428 5.412 15,304 12.200 4,643 4.2.2 Yalue Rs.'000 4,374 344 3,820 40,4s1 40,155 273s0 75,500 54;0oo 34,352

Scurces: State Mineral Sands Corporation. State Gem Corporation. State Mining & Mineral Development Corporation. 40 5.9 PAPER & PAPER PRODUCTS 1916 _ 1984

Item

1.0 Prodr:ction I .l Pa.per & Paper Boards M.T. 17,602 19,823 24,902 22,317 2l ,262 23,716 22,206 22,262 20,209 1.2 Conyertcd ltems .. 584 618 580 565 485 5ll 386 410 305 1.3 Exercisc Books* . . c'rlss 80 ,061 68,767 78,@7 65,072 32,641 77 ,065 12,557 23,893 22,065 1.4 Bags '000 6,214 3,812 2.0 9slcs 2.1 Pa.per & Paper Boards M.T. 15,94.O 20,152 19,991 17 ,ggg 19,488 20,757 20,470 19,956 19.983'32e 2.2 Converted ltcrns 568 568 630 555 738 551 419 431 2.3 Exercise Books* , - Gross 227,306 158,982 214,345 252,88O 239,959 24l ,lo2 118,748 169 ,7l9 85,609 2.4 Bags '000 3 ,187 1,308 26 t7 2.5 ImportcC Paper .. M.T. 3,088 3,495 5,360 2,499 I ,508 1,352 5ll 186 3.0 Stocks 3.1 Paper & Paper Boards M,T. 3 1232 | ,272 3,189 4,016 2,893 3,650 3,585 4,800 3 1196 3.2 Converted Items .. ,, 82 39 50 5t 82 36 26 52 22 3.3 Exercise Books* Gross 83 ,0.18 7l ,595 145 ,68 t 2ll ,g27 225,487 162,406 173,346 72,966 121 ,353 3.4 Pa3s No. 87,160 54,009 28,000 10t,008 2,819 3,5 Inrportcd Paper .. M.T. I ,907 602 190 308 68

4.0 Crps:ity Utilization /o 77 86 57 56 66 63 58 54 5.0 Pcrsonnel Strength ,. No. 3,605 4,546 4,561 4,857 4,604 4,383 4,562 4,340 4,288

6.0 fmports by Corporation M.T. n.a. 2,496 7,249 I,ggl 630 704 748 70 181

7.0 D;nand for Paper & Dcards 90,306 9l ,837 102,000 109,008 57 ,540 62,030 40,700 86,541 64,930

8.0 Cost of Prodnction per M.T. 5,133 5,705 8,878 I I ,904 15,689 l7 ,670 l7 ,956 18,688

+ Wittr 40 peges. Source: National Paper Corporation, 5.r0 CERAMICS rn6 - 1984 41

Item 19 t'6 1977 1978 1979 l9E0 r98t 1982 1983 1984

.0 Production (M.T.) l.l Crockery l.l.l Negombo (Factory) 604 I,014 |,239 I,393 |,472 I ,203 |,147 I ,532 r,534 .? Piliyandala ( , | |,944 2,302 . ^1.1 , t ,746 I,8t0 I ,765 2,114 2,211 | ,945 r.l SanlEryware 552 648 790 770 | 046 1.3 Kaolin ,027 l l ,030 1,t26 747 4,370 4,687 5,544 5,870 6,6t4 7,315 8,2C6 7 7 1.4 Wall Tiles 281 6,555 ,916 ,390 1.5 Insulators 327 215 253 )10 362 287 2a ,:_ 20) 1.6 Laknil 68 63 6 1.7 Pirisidu ))t 12 63 54 26 3' ro Mcseic Tiles t.8 1.832 |,917 1,912 I all |,929 1,733 901 503 1.9 Refractories. 99 r36 5t 233 200 l.l0 Tiles O 1'000) 26,685 2t 2C,558 43,314 34,038 ".;.Prr ,423 24,903 lg,7t5 2r,sti 19,997 ,0 Sales (Rs.' 00C) 2.1 Crockery 23,157 12,494 37 ,642 49,392 6t,121 69,il8 79,522 89 ,01 7 90,1 54 2.2 Sanitaryware 7 ,'t9O 9 ,025 1s,279 20,03 1 38,0t I 4t ,2J9 38,5r9 40,565 3t.4r0 2.3 Koolin 3,281 1 lq5 4,686 6,434 8.373 to,282 10,7r 1 12,512 13,0r4 2.4 Wall Tiles 2,685 7 ,208 Insulators q 2.5 4,714 3 ,630 4,241 ttl tt ,467 7,6il 7,28 6,853 4,673 2.6 Laknil 2,r83 |,380 454 2.7 Pirisidu 864 491 362 347 178 -:: t tot 242 2.8 Mosaic Tiles 5 ,733 9,90t t2,473 I 8 20,738 2.9 Refractories. ,209 13,4o7 1 0 ,795 9,0 19 t,r78 r ,o52 |,700 3,J19 2,3 -l l 2.10 Iilcs & Bricksr 39,100 t4, t 82 16,691 47,526 50,177 4l ,015 38 ,23C 4t,866 42,t49 0s 3.1 1 ,114 I ,458 734 3,723 6,278 46,468 2,317 !6,285 3.2 24 95 5rl 224 1 ,559 22,137 13,219 t,o74 I ,738 3.3 452 t: 580 691 t0, t2l 4,488 2tf l6l 3.4 78 3.5 176 l,6os 1,040 le,0l; l3 2,OOj 1,322 3.6 ,l ,968 3.7 1t0 3' 3.i0 3.E 1,lil 903 I,915'E 4,000 3,3s4 58,t28 38 ,2 t6 4,52r- 3.9 1,241 47E 842 |,466 1,673 40,870 26,77) 3,44s 4,871 0 Exports (Rs.'000; Gross Foreign 4.1 Exchange Earnings 2,321 3 ,885 9,588 I,172 9 792 2,850 2,046 407 207

. Excluding Verted Factories. Sotrce : Ceylon Ceramics Corporation. 42 5.11 MILK & MILK PRODUCTS 1976 - 1984

Item 1981

65,227 63,969 62,670 1.0 Milk Collection (Litres'000) 60.760 54.490 50 ,1 84 63,325 62,815 69 ,376 1.1 National Milk Board 5e;548 fi367 49,094 62,309 61 ,803 58,004 55,085 53,995 57,024 1.2 Ceylon Cold Stores Ltd. 1,212 1,123 | ,094 1,016 | ,012 993 r ,001 780 778 1.3 International Dairy Products Ltd. 10,379 9,141 9 ,194 4,868 2.0 Finished Products Gitres' ffiO) 2.1 Liquid Milk 9,708 10,547 I I 10,447 12,738 7l ,209 72,976 l 3 ,155 6,915 2.1.1 Pasteurised Milk ,820 9,433 2.1.2 Sterilised Milk 3,981 5,591 6,432 8,539 9,044 8,824 9 ,707 9,008

2.2 Condensed Milk Olo.' 000) I I 5,450 2.2.1 Condensed Milk (397 gr. Tins) l7 ,448 14,753 12,792 13,819 10,000 13,860 10,826 ,050 2.2.2 Condensed Milk Off-grade and Bulk (39? gr. Tins) 39 9 J 624 (Kg" 2.3 Powilereil Milk 000) 3 2.3.1 Lakspray/Highland 8,965 9,171 9,504 70,532 | ,412 3,640 ,ru: 4,140 1347 2.3.2 Vitamilk 646 s82 282 2.3.3 Vitamalt .. 250 436 281 2.4 Other Products 2.4.1 Butter (Kg.'000) 245 198 94 193 35 248 162 264 299 (Litres.'000) 769 546 | ,216 1,186 637 575 796 207 1,481 2.4.2 lce Cream 7,921 2.4.3 Yoghurt Cups (No.' 000) 695 2,215 | ,726 686 54 718 | ,937 National Mllk Board. Ceylon Cold Stores Ltd. International Dairy Products Ltd. 5.12 SUGAR 1977 -1984 43

Item Unit 1977 r978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984

1.0 Sugar Cane Newly Planted Arqa Hectares L,062 1,946 2,071 2,773 l,ggl 1,903 | ,976 1,914 2.0 Area undor Ratoons 3,105 ,, 2,901 4,451 4,203 4,056 3 1805 3,734 3,042 Harvested 3.0 Area 4,585 4,507 5,679 5,372 5,638 5,499 5,333 4,681 4.0 Proriuction of the Corporation M.T. 23,316 l7 ,376 19,624 26,289 25,291 23,060 2l ,933 19,765 5.0 Imports - Quantity M.T.'000 101 t76 246 209 241 133 315 263

6.0 Per Capita . . Consumption Kg. 7.2 12.4 l7 .o 14.2 15.9 lo.2 2l .8 18.2 7.0 Cost ofFroduction per kg. Hingurana 7.1 Rs, 3 .68 4.56 7 .96 9.87 12.73 n.a 7.2 Kantale ,, 3 .31 3.92 4.98 6.49 8 .89 n.a 8.0 Sugar Corloration By-Products 8.1 Jaggery Kg. 778,929 268,618 115,674 l36,9gg 18 ,51 I 5,029 1,700 Sugar 8.2 Syrup Litres 792,305 583,768 | ,257 ,463 619,935 825,764 645,500 518,870 8.3 Gin 2l ,795 74,962 50,370 24,228 l5,gl0 75,703 11 ,774 78,215 8.4 Brandy ,, 29,229 50,805 68,291 40,485 25,855 25,010 24,629 28,794 8.5 Whisky ,, 3,591 3,954 lo,97l 5,355

8.6 Rum l0,165 19,318 42,414 12,976 18,924 19,794 24,635 9,339 8.7 Arrack 481 ,080 122,134 538,945 253,495 218,178 72,904 2l ,720 53,082 (f.o.b. 9.0 Export Earnings Valuc) Rs. 25,579 121 ,427 186,072 122,166 408,303

Sources.' Sri Lnaka Sugar Corporalion. Customs, Sri Lanka. 44 5.T3 FISHERIES 1976 - 1984

____l_i I

1.0 Sea Fish 1 Corporation Production 280 2s7 l.l 2 2,560 1.2 Purchases (Corporation) 4,47t | 2,743 ,500 1.3 Private Sector 122,839 | r2s,379 n.a. n.a. 2,0 Dricd Fish CorDoration Producrion 44 52 2.1 12 2.2 Purihase (Corporation) n-4. 2.3 Private Sector n.a. 3. 0 Bv - Products (Corporation) 3.1 Shark Liver Oil (Mechanical) 4,873 3.2 Shark Liver Oil (Veterinary) 933 3t 3.3 Fish Meal 217 l7E 157 3.4 Canned Fish

4,0 Sales - Quantity 2,493 2,327- 4,1 Wet Fish 3,378 | t ,946 2,648 150,s77 rt) 68 )) 4.2 Dried Fish 316,496 ! 238 4.3 Fish Meal 209 l9t 4.4 Shark Liver Oil ? ,5R 337 r 57,751 5.0 Sales - Value 4r,47s I t0,2r1 64,rJ2 53 ,48

Solrces.' Ceylon f ish:ries Corporation, . Tins (7 ozs. and 15 Ozs. together) in thousands. C o-opela(ive rr\ bol:!8le Establishment. 6.1 TRADE: SRI LANKA COMPARED WITH SELECTED COLJNTRIES - 1984 45

Sri Lanka Inrlia Indonesia Malaysia Pakistan Singapore Thailand JaPan* u. K.'r U. S. A.X

1.0 Exports (Mcrchandisc) $ Mn. 1,425 9,400 2l ,874 16,295 2,910 5,337 24,068 7 ,391 138,911 97,028 212,275

2.O Exports per Capita $ 9l 13 135 1,066 30 100 9 ,513 146 |,177 | ,733 915 3.0 Growth Rate of 49.6 8.7 3.4 r 5.3 -8.7 9.1 to.2 16. I 8.6 -5.6 -9 -2

4.0 Imports lMerchandise) $ Mn. 1,812 14,800 13,466 14,273 6,236 6,351 28,660 10,412 131,932 99 ,723 254,884

5.0 Imports per Capita $ 116 20 83 934 67 119 17,328 205 1,118 I,781 1 ,199 o/ 6.0 Growth Rate of Import 5.4 8.7 -15.5 7.9 t7 .o -20.4 1.8 1.2 -7 .9 -2.9 -6. 8 A 7.0 Terms of Trade 1980:100 50c 964 1084 !4b s4b 72b IJ 106 97 l07

8.0 Trade Balance $ Mn. -387 -4,824 5 ,435 -367 -2,993 2,979 -1,603 6,979 -2,695 -42,609

Sources: Yearbook of International Comn odity Statistics 1984 Handbook ot Internatlonl Trade & Development Statistics 1983 ADB - Key Indicators - 1985 46 6.2 EXTERNAL TRADD 1976-1984

In Million Rupees

Item

1\ )?,) -1.0 -r Exports-'Mijoi'Exports (l) 4 ,815 6,638 13 ,206 17 ,595 2l ,043 2t ,454 25,096 37 ,347 .r : : 3 ,365 4,769 9 ,394 9,510 9 ,514 70,344 9,668 12,556 20,6t 8 I .l .1 Tea 2,10O 3,503 6,4Q1 \ 7)) 6,77O 6,444 4 ?4) 8,295 t5 ,7 64 1.1 .2 Rubbcr 890 931 2,021 2,491 2,59O 2,989 ) 1)? 2,852 3 ,301 I .1 .3 Coconut Products (2) 375 335 972 1 ,297 754 l,0l 1 I ,003 1,409 I ,553 1 .2 Other Exports (3) I ,450 1 ,g69 3,Bl2 5,763 8,081 10,699 71 ,786 12,54O 16,'l2g 1 .2.1 Cinnamon 75 78 171 201 224 424 289 202 286 | .2.2 Cocoa l3 39 50 32 JJ 3l 22 27 28 | .2.3 Othcr Minor Agricultural Products 116 218 502 592 623 943 | ?15 7,459 7,04.4 'to I .2.4 Tcxtilcs . . 143 481 1,108 I ,814 3,022 3,502 4,738 /,)J) 1.2.5 Petrolcum Products .. 499 597 945 | ,928 3,123 3 ,375 3,280 2,682 3 ,288 I .2.6 Other Industrial Products 437 500 1 ,O49 1,193 | ,141 900 I ,489 | ,4Ol |,769 | .2,7 Precious Stcncs 261 294 531 494 664 633 685 94.O 617 2.0 lmports (4) 4,645 6,007 14,687 22,541 33,942 36,582 4r ,946 45,558 47,541 2.1 Consumer Goods I ,689 2,534 5 ,618 7 ,814 10,158 9 ,219 8 ,601 11,639 17,052 2.2 Intcrmediatc Gcods I 2,259 2,648 5,591 9,734 15,522 19 ,275 2l ,640 ) | 1)'1 23,749 2-3 Invcstment Goods g 643 746 3,367 5 ,459 8,144 7 ,956 I I ,591 12,O77 12,770 2.4 Otherlmoorts 54 79 lt0 134 !18 132 114 il5 570 3.0 Balance ofTrade 170 631 -l ,480 -7 -16,347 -15,539 -20,492 -20,457 -10, 194 4.0 Export Indices (1978:100) 'RR 4.1 Price Index 34 55 100 rc9 126 129 119 165 207 4.2 Volumc Indcr rcz 94 100 l0l 99 r02 112 109 r27 5.0 Import Indices (1978:100) 5.1 Pricc Index t4 54 100 152 2t7 282 309 375 415 5.2 Volume Index 57 IJ 100 123 r4.o r45 150 180 r85 6.0 Terms of Trade (5) (1978:f 00) 78 l02 100 72 58 46 38 44 50

ilbrc .. (l) At f.o.b. Prices. Sources .' Customs, Sri l.anka, (2) Copra, Oil, I)esiccatcd Coconut. Ceylon Petroleum Corporation. (3) Includes Re-Exports. Central Bank of Ceylon. (4) At c.i.f. Prices. (5) rermsof rrade: f3ln#i#Fill# x 100 6.3 MAJOR IMPORTS 1976-1984 47

fn Milllon Rupees

t977 1982 tgE4+

1.0 Rice 602 917 689 891 882 992 92s 765 t97 2.O Flour 683 925 2,192 1,667 1,925 28 62 108 28

3.0 Sugar 64 197 620 936 2,026 2,926 970 1,995 7 ,346 4.0 Milk and Milk Products 8l 96 397 479 517 482 5lr 978 750

5.0 Dried Fish l6 05 18 6r 139 59 163 222 378 1 1aA 6.0 Textiles 49 150 531 I ,536 7 ,721 2,334 2,767 2,974 7.0 Motor Cars 44 48 3491 563t 5e6t 4331 3e9f s2el 49s+

8.0 Medicinal and Pharmaceutical 59 90 183 252 259 193 355 408 505

9.0 Fertilizer 99 51 2s2 664 7 ,339 1 ,202 560 625 1,103

10.0 Petroleum l 1164 | ,441 2,403 3,912 8.090 9,958 12,274 17,024 10,681 ll.0 Chemical E,lements and Compounds 90 120 446 502 544 663 729 832 I ,028 t2.O Paper and Paper Boards 56 67 239 399 456 lJ3 674 687 636

13.0 BuildingMaterials tc4 129 150 368 610 525 557 7,177 727

14,.0 TransportEquipment 17s 232 988 I ,615 2,421 2,229 5,529 3,826 3,031 15.0 Machinery and Equipment 364 286 1,846 2,900 4,212 3,976 3,964 5,261 5,335

t Includes value of motor cycle imports. Source: Cbntral Bank of Ceylon. * Provisional. 48 6.4 QUANTITIES OF MAJOR IMPORTS OF SELECTED ITEMS 1977 - 1984

r979 1983 l. Fooil and Drink 1 l Ricc MT.'000 538 212 168 147 38 | .2 Whcat Flour .: :: MT.',000 546 475 370 1.3 Sugar IUT.'000 101 246 209 315 263 1.4 Milk & Milk Products | .4.1 Milk and Milk Food (a) MT.'000 t8 30 23 27 l9 I .4.2 Infants' Milk Food MT. 432 357 381 2,574 2,795 I .5 Fish and Fish Products I .5.l Fish Dricd (b) MT.'000 J l2 105 34 1 .5 .2 Fisn Othcr | .5 .2.1 Fish Fresh or Frozcn MT. 23 53 189 | ,5 .2.2 Fish Plcpalcd or Prcscrvcd MT.'000 l2 6 1l t Wheat Grain MT.',000 lI0 s79 571 3. Pharmaceutical Products MT.'000 JI 9 9 A Fertilizer MT.'000 291 167 328 5. Cru'Je Oil MT.'000 1 ,439 | ,492 1,734 6. Paper and Paper Boards . . MT.'000 5O Transpcrt Equipment 7 .1 Motor Vchicics (c) . . No. 16,207 19,434 l7 ,650 30,800 27,826 7 .2 Motol Cyclcs No. l8 ,09 50,769 8,706 18,359 I 8 ,546 7 .3 Tractors No. 3,655 5,396 2,615 3,761 1 ,651 7 .4 Chassis Fittcd with Fnsincs No. 2,913 I ,398 765 439 875

(a) Excluding Intants' Milk Food. Scurcet: Customs. Sri Lanka. (b) InclLrding lVtaldive, Fish, Sprats an'l Srnoked Fish. Ceylon Pctroleum Corporation, (c) lncludine Motor Cars, Vans, Lorries and Buscs. ... Negtigible. I Provisional, 6.s QUANTITTES OF MAJOR EXPORTS OF SELECTED rTEMS 1978 - 1984 49

1.0 Agricultural and minor Agricultural Exports I .1 Tea MT.',000 19f 188 185 183 181 t58 2u I .2 Rubber 138 128 121 133 13r 125 126 1.3 Coconut Mn. Nuts 595 537 239 40r 569 582 1)1 I .4 Vegetables Kgs.'000 1 ,719 7 ,647 2,429 1 ,799 77 ,827 4,5O4 I .5 Coffee ,, 2,379 2,603 909 2,037 2,920 3,124 3,679 I .6 Cinnamon .. 6,532 6,634 5,909 8,682 5,727 4,867 1 1n) I .7 Pcpper 7,206 875 647 2,052 7 ,239 |,t2o 2,202 I .8 Betel leaves and Arecanuls 5,708 5,600 5,701 3,795 4,599 5,296 4,475 I .9 Seasamo seeds & other Oil seeds ,, 19,O97 73,914 15,080 75,576 27,463 9,606 3,45O 2,0 Industrial Exports (a) 2.1 Mineral products (b) MT. 57 ,690 56,291 55,426 5l ,992 67,221 40,080 1 38,051 2.2 Common Salt 71 ,f67 809 6,000 13,564 31 ,717 85,753 28,659 2.3 Chrome Leather Sq. Mtrs. I ,9-51 72,578 +rztt 1,118 l5,540 24,127 n.a. 2.4 Coconut Oil MT. 30,326 32,4O9 3,043 t7 ,476 33,640 ?4 sRS 12,391 2.5 Wall Tiles MT. 8,334 10,944 72,243 9,296 7 ,893 n.o. tr.o. 2.6 Naptha MT. 75,657 99,258 130,314 91 ,222 75,580 54,574 71,633 2.7 Furnace Oil MT. 334,326 55 5?2 182,906 4/;0,797 433,8.43 3l6.t5l 387,2'19 2.8 AutoDiesel, HcavyDiesel & Marine Diosel MT. 43,040 33,460 30,679 34,769 44,997 40,d,lg 50,807

(a) Only State Industries. Source : Ccntral Bank ofCeylon. (b) Ilnrenite. Rutile and Graphite. 'Provisional. 50 6.6 MAJOR IMPORT SOURCES 1980-1984

Rs. Million

r98l 1984.

l. fndustrial Countries t5,287.0 I 5 ,539.6 r6,4{r.5 20,392.2 2t ,657.2 ot which: -Australia 653 .0 I ,067.8 870.3 539 .5 668.7 Canada 402.6 386.0 414.3 791.4 683.6 France r ,309. 7 ?69.8 770.l I,r52.9 s6.4 Germany FR t,t76.8 | ,741 .5 l ,589.2 |,766.4 2,236.5 I taly 233.4 241.3 254.1 289.5 358 .7 Japa n 4 ,3ol .8 4,969.9 5,600.4 7,460.6 7 ,823.5 Netherland 772.5 39E. 5 463. I 631.7 659 .0 New Zealands t22.7 160.3 80.2 334. I 224.4 Sweden 448.6 s29.6 568.4 747 .8 739.3 Swi tzerland 280.4 171.5 262.7 3E7.0 3E3.5 USA |,492.6 2,488.6 2,321 .6 2 ,698.5 4 ,t77 .9 UK 3 ,206.O 2 ,139 .1 2 ,424.8 2 ,858.3 2,209 .3 2 Developing Countries 2.1 Oil Exporting Countries 7 ,952.6 E ,632.3 8,944.5 6 ,367 .r 9,548.5 Of which : Iran |,Et4.3 2 ,349.8 4 ,2EE .8 4 ,409. 8 l ,369.8 Saudi Arabia 3 ,527.5 6,192.8 4,567.9 I ,858.7 7,803 .4 2.2 Non Oif Proouiinldountries 2.2. I Africa l,317.3 | ,t45. I 7s7.O 805.4 640 3 of which : South Afriu s23.4 663 .8 523.2 <1, K st7 .9 2.2.2 Asia 7 ,128.7 9,396.O 10,t0t.8 l2,472.3 t2,445.7 ot'which : Burma 369.6 467.4 371 .7 726.3 160. 3 China Rep. of 840.2 686.2 872.8 8E2.4 923.4 China-Taiwan 408.2 779.1 910.0 I,100.9 | ,284.3 Hongkong 689.0 | ,0r0.0 860.5 | ,273.4 |,502.4 India | ,594.2 I ,459.6 |,520.0 2,709.3 2 ,830.6 583.4 1,556.4 742.3 844.0 995. 5 197.6 435.9 I ,597.3 I ,383.2 | ,112.5 Pakistan 496.2 328.7 408. E 3 t9.6 434.9 Singapore I ,520.1 1904. 5 2 ,2to.9 3 ,499.8 2,568.7 Thailand t65.0 284.3 3t2.2 440.9 358.7

3. Europe 327.8 163 .0 294.9 376.8 559.4 of which : Turkey 28.0 50.7 254.7 154.2 480.9 4. Middle East 226.O 136 7 6t.3 282.9 39t .3 of which : Baharain 29.6 r 3.9 3.4 208.9 2.4 !. Western Hemisphere | ,069.2 20.4 45.0 32.6 389 .8 6. Unclassified 47.6 345.8 85.8 | ,t2t.4 2,78t .9

Total(a) 33,673 4 35,530.2 36,E75.5 42,O20.5 46 ,913.3

(a) Unadjusted data. Solrr:ps ,' Custonrs, Sri Lanks. . Proviaional, Central Buk of Ceylon. 6.1 MAJOR EXPORT MARKETS 1980_1984 5l

Rs. Million

Country l9E0

l. Industrial Couotries 8,581.9 8,514.3 9,726.4 I | ,495 .8 16,62t.7 Of which : Belgium 85.2 l12.o 272.O 348.0 229.6 Canada 258.2 268.0 452.O 442.2 711.8 Franse 249.2 334.9 332.5 36s.O 520.9 Germany FR 919.4 t ,198.3 l 166.5 | ,542.9 1,84J.2 ltaly 361.9 325.8 448.5 434.5 451.4 Japan 553 .5 68s.9 t040 5 I,140.0 t,588.2 Nethcrland 473.3 743.1 699.3 743.4 868 .5 ut< | .281 .6 | ,302.1 I ,258. R 2,t9l.o USA | ,925.3 2 ,809.6 2,984.7 4,390.3 ? , 145.8 2 f)eveloping Countries 2.1 Oil Exporting Countries 2 ,300. 6 2 ,944,6 3,t90.0 3,590.0 6 ,070. 3 Ofwhich: Iran 549.5 488 6 266.O 311.6 81c.5 Iraq 613.2 588.4 975.8 | ,147.E 2 .6s2.2 Libra 238.2 96.2 162.5 391.7 '624.3 Saudi Arabia 607.0 634.5 564.0 806.2 I ,30J .9 UAE 678.6 792.O |,076.2 697.9 216.1 2 2 Non-oil producing Countries 2.2.1 Aftica 427.1 451 .8 705.7 743.9 649.2 of which : South Africa 312.6 354.2 314. I 371.3 s54 7 2.2.2 .\sia 2 ,922.8 3 ,684. 6 3 ,415.5 3 .539.3 3 ,:8 ).2 oiwtrictt : China People'i'ilep. ol 848.4 860.7 175 .0 376.O 494. I Hongkong 173. E 164.2 t94.7 212 | 440.8 India 57t .3 567.9 456. 3 656.4 ?,R 1 Malaysia 77.3 466.1 264.8 2il.0 9t .9 Pakistan 568 .0 1,o74.2 799.9 689. I 873 3 Singapore 196.6 474.5 805. 5 88t.2 53.5 4

3 Europe, USSR, etc. 906.5 901.2 I Itn t I .583 .7 2,500 0 Of which : Yugoslavia 1 14.0 87.3 130.9 276.7 tl6 6 u.s.s.R. 518 .9 457.5 474.4 942.0 | ,637 7 4 Middle East 1,104.6 I ,303 .4 I,470 I 2 ,596.7 3,981.6 Of which : Syrian Arab Rep, 186.9 235.6 291.9 499.6 908. 7 Jordan 192.7 272.8 169.4 162.7 358 4

5. lVestem Henisphere 340.9 592.3 365. 3 7t6.5 199.4 Of which: Mexico t63.2 391 .2 173 .6 544.4 t3s.6 6. Unclassified 568 .3 2,419.5 I,il3.3 913. 8 3 ,48t .4

Total(a) 17,272.3 2l ,124.1 37 ,C05.7

(a) Unadiusted data. Srrircc .' Customs, Sri Lanka. . Provisional. Central Bank of Ce' lon. 52 6.8 CENTRAL BANK TRADE INDICES(a) (1978: 100) IMPORTS 1938- 1984

IMPORT PRICE

Consumer Goods PERIOD Inter- Invest- AI mediate ment Other Imports Goods Goods Textiles Con- sumer Goods (5) (6) (e) (10) (r2)

,) 1938 74 186 43 77 65 27 M 1 ) 3 J 3 3 1943 91 217 74 96 66 3l 52 t4 lt 6 8 7 6 6 1950 103 303 82 ll1 8l 40 62 14 9 5 ll 7 7 8 1955 104 347 136 125 100 60 74 l5 8 12 8 l0 9 1960 13i 375 275 174 t28 85 l0l T4 8 8 l1 8 12 9 1965 e1 212 6l l0l 124 42 65 16 8 l2 t3 7 19 ll 1970 139 139 78 l3l ll6 54 77 20 14 17 l8 l0 3l 16 1971 108 110 58 t0l 130 50 68 22 14 l7 19 il 30 17 1972 153 39 79 135 103 4l 67 26 14 14 22 1l 25 t8 1973 125 86 77 tl4 il 39 60 35 10 20 28 l6 29 an 1974 75 29 97 11 62 23 42 68 2l 17 52 27 43 42 1975 87 8 87 83 76 45 52 85 3l 20 66 28 4t 49 1976 77 22 173 85 92 53 57 58 28 32 48 34 52 44 1977 135 49 85 123 86 62 73 63 42 48 56 48 53 54 1978 100 r00 100 100 100 100 100 t00 100 100 t00 100 100 100 1979 102 323 250 139 95 144 123 il0 t67 96 ll4 196 145 152 1980 86 128 355 116 145 172 140 170 210 199 177 296 160 2t'l l98l 47 lr0 r00 59 143 293 r45 247 401 171 255 394 149 282 1982 56 r87 220 75 229 251 150 208 418 163 227 M8 228 309 I 983 86 194 2A il6 190 289 180 188 321 212 230 562 298 375 1984 75 207 251 106 2t8 283 185 r62 364 176 239 571 4t4 4t5

Source : Central Bank of Ceylon.

(a) Indices from 1978 are based on the experience of 1978. The figures prior to 1978 have been spliced to the new index. (1978: 100) 6.9 CENTRAL BANK TRADE INDICES(a) (1978: 100) 53 EXPORTS 1938 - 1984

EXPORT VOLUME EXPORT PRICES

3 Major I Preciousl 33 Terms PERIOD Tea I includ- coconull&SemilMinor All Tea & Semi All of Exports Preciou Exports Tlade Stones (r) (3)l(4)l(5) (o (7) (10) {r2) (14)

1938 56 38 l8B 59 60 5 6 2 ) 4 J 153 1948 70 68 148 43 72 l3 1l 1l 10 l2 7 187 1950 7l 88 r67 55 79 t7 23 l5 l3 l7 8 208 1955 85 74 245 60 9l 22 24 9 l4 19 9 20f I960 97 78 164 57 92 18 25 t2 l6 t7 9 r85 1965 lt7 88 214 52 llI t6 17 14 18 16 1l 142 1970 108 117 147 64 ro7 l6 19 t7 19 17 t6 106 t97l 108 94 170 65 104 l7 16 17 24 t7 17 98 197'r- 98 94 2tr 67 lo2 18 14 l3 20 17 18 94 1973 107 lt7 70 82 103 18 25 l7 25 20 24 82 1974 9l 93 78 79 89 23 39 50 35 3l 42 72 1975 ll0 116 141 55 to7 27 28 33 35 29 49 58 t976 103 100 131 77 to2 3l 44 34 36 34 44 78 1977 9-5 98 48 r04 94 57 47 56 49 )) 54 toz 1978 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 10c 100 100 100 100 1979 97 93 98 69 r36 101 92 132 152 128 116 109 r52 1", t980 97 88 44 JJ r58 99 99 143 163 269 138 126 217 58 l98l 97 97 69 JJ 162 r02 104 148 149 r74 169 129 282 46 1982 96 95 94 ll3 189 112 103 120 109 rl4 172 119 309 38 1983 86 90 93 173 186 109 152 146 159 129 213 t6s 375 44 1984 r09 89 58 223 2@ 127 226 t73 289 97 206 207 4t5 50

Source : Central Bank of Ceylon,

(a) Indices from 1978 are based on the experience of 1978. The figures prior to 197E have been spliced to the new index (1978:1ffi). price (D) Export index \- Import price index r\=:N

- 54 6.10 CENTRAL BANK TRADE INDICES(4) (1978:100) VALUE 1938 - 1984

IMPORT VALUES EXPORT VALUES

Consumer Goods I Alt Inter- lnvestnrent Imports PERIOD Food Textiles Other Combined mediate Goods & Ccnsumer Goods Drink Goods (r) i (2) I (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)

1938 2 4 5 2 4 2 ) 3 23 33 1948 l3 26 )7 l:4 t2 6 l0 9 716 89 1950 l5 3l 25 T6 l3 9 t2 t2 '20 26 13 15 1955 l5 29 49 \7 20 l5 l3 t9 t7 23 t4 19 1960 l9 33 105 22 25 24 l7 t7 19 19 16 lE 1965 l5 16 t2 14 22 t0 t2 l9 15 28 18 19 1970 27 20 2l 25 22 t9 l8 l8 '22 24 22 19 l97r 23 16 l3 2r 27 t3 t6 l8 t5 28 23 19 1972 23 5 l9 20 27 l5 l6 l8 t3 27 24 18 1973 32 8 t2 27 20 l3 l8 20 29 14 42 24 r974 52 5 t6 42 38 l3 28 2l 36 4l 4s 25 1975 66 2 22 t3 40 l8 34 30 32 ,lO 33 32 1976 42 6 29 35 27 22 24 33 44 39 44 36 1977 57 t7 l6 47 32 24 3l 55 46 36 55 5l 1978 100 100 t00 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 1979 109 2& 129 1n 157 137 10 89 123 134 88 154 109 1980 138 235 239 158 272 l8l 20-s 96 128 78 87 215 ll9 l98l 107 392 r49 139 3il l6l 208 101 r43 104 57 258 r32 1982 80 363 233 t?2 344 200 221 99 tr4 103 129 266 l3l 1983 112 412 305 t& 322 250 241 129 135 146 180 270 155 1984 106 498 281 169 385 275 265 246 16l l@ t63 342 23r

Ran'k of Ceylon (a) IndicesfromlgT8onwardsareobtainedasapercentoftheannualvaluesforlgT8whichistakenasthebaseyear. Figurespripr.tol9TShbvebe0nsplicedtothenew index and are not str-ictly comparable. ' r ;i: 6.11 BAIj,&[rcH'9oF.PAYMENTS 1975-1984 55

In Million Rupees

Item 1975 t976 t977 r97E t979 1980 l98l t9E2 1983* 1984*

1.0 Exports (f.o.b.) 3,913.0 4.707 .3 6 ,640. 0 13,206.3 t5,282.0 17,@3.0 20,5C7 .l 2t,097 .5 25,038 0 37 ,193.6 2.0 Imports (c.i.f.) 5 ,334.2 5,416.6 6,2n.0 l5 ,600.0 22,570.0 33,915.0 36.120 7 4l ,419,6 45 ,2Ol .1 47,994 3 3.0 Trade Balance (f .0 - 2.0) -l ,421.2 [email protected] 3 50.0 1,393.5 -7 ,288 .0 -16,312.0 -15,613.6 .20,322.1 -20,163.1 10,796.7 4.0 Travel and Other Services (a) 4.1 Receipts [email protected] 642.6 923.2 2,992.7 4,604.8 6,019.0 6,962.3 8,033 .6 8,567 .3 4.2 Payments 475.5 530.4 619.5 2,253.2 3,746.2 5 ,939.9 7 ,357 .O 9 ,449.3 10,303 .7 5.0 Transfers (b) Receipts 60r.2 8 5.1 600.6 679.7 1 ,509. 3,174.1 4,799.0 7 ,548 .0 9,402.8 l0 ,931 . 6 r2.8M.5'62?.r 5.2 Payments 40.8 53.3 67 .3 267.7 181.5 258.0 5l1.6 s29.7 474.6 (1.0 6.0 Current Account Balance to 5.0) -771.7 -49. 8 ,226.1 -l ,032.0 -3,555.9 to,912.4 -8 ,498. I ll ,843.7 -ll ,121.8 -347 .7 7.0 Capital Receipts 2,056.7 2 ,214. 5 ,580.2 3.824.6 4,322.9 10.523.6 l9 ,650. 5 23.877 .6 26,974 I 23 ,490.O 8.0 Capital Payments I ,578 .4 1 ,623.9 ,254.6 r:22s.0 I ,017.3 3;e38 l ll ,959.6 r2;e24.0 16.359 0 14,735.O - 9.0 Capital Account Balance (7.0 8.0) 478. 8 590.6 325.6 2,599.6 3,305.6 6,585.5 7,690.9 I 0,935.6 10,615.8 8 ,755 .0 10.0 Errors and Omissions -32.5 -9. 8 293.8 802.0 1,102.0 188.4 5.3 766.5 -l ,306.4 11.0 Monetary S:ctor (c) 325.9 -531.0 -3,312.8 | ,861 .4 -793.2 2,966.7 40s.7 I ,009 .0 -342.0 -7,062.1 I l.l Government and Bank Assets -19 .0 -568.4 4,170.9 | ,903.7 --2,175.3 2 ,886. I -2,456.O -2,01 1.5 -.1 ,792 .5 -5 ,915 . 3 I Government Bank 139.7 |.2 and Liabilities 49.3 r40.4 -273.3 412.3 349.0 -377 .5 2,660.5 -1 ,202.1 -l ,565 . 0 I1.3 Transaction with IMF 205.2 86.7 7r7.7 315.6 969. 8 -268.4 3,239 2 360.0 248.4 418.2 I t.4 Allocation of SDR's 241.5 258.2 251.7

r Provisional. Source: Central Bank ofCevlon. f Includes Valuation Adjustment due to Exchange Rate Reforms in 1977. (q) , Investment Income etc. (6) (c) the External Assets, arising from the transactions in the items 1.0 to 10.0. Nol I differ from external trade data in Table 6.2 as the external trade data reflects the physical movement of exports and imports for the calendar year while the balance of payments figuros relate to the financial receipts and payments for the period. The difference is therefore due to the time lag between financial transactioDs and the physical movement of goods for a particular year. 56 6.12 MARKETING OUTLETS OF THE GOVERNMENT AND PUBLIC SECTORS 1983 AND 1984

Co-operatives i Co-operative Building State Marketing Wholesale ?'fj[fi:i'l vrirre.",a Materials Pharmaceuticals District Multi-Purposel Reail I Department Corporation Corporation Corporation 1983 | 19E4 les3l1e84lrs83lrs8a 1983 1984 1983 1984 1983 1984 l%3 1984 l. Colombo l3 t2 l6 t7 l3 05 061 o7 06 869 s47 04 05 03 03 2. Gampaha t7 t7 05 05 I 0l r49 r7l 03 o4 3. Kalutara ll lt 07 08 02 -t_ 3l 0l 0l 4. Kandy 22 2l 04 04 o7 02 0l 0ll 0l 0l 123 I 01 0l 0l 0l 5. Matale ll ll 02 02 0l 0ll 12 6. Nuwara Eliya .. 09 l0 03 03 06 G 0l 0l t4 0l 0l 7. Galle l8 l8 09 09 09 05 -l 0l 01 70 a 0l 0l 8, Matara 08 08 09 08 0t -! 30 22 0t 0l 9. Hambantota 07 o7 04 04 v -l or 0l l5 0l 0l 10. Jaffna 22 20 0l ll I 0l 02 I l. Mannar 06 06 v v 0l I -t_ 0l 0l 0l 12. Vavuniya 04 o4 0l 0l 13. Mulaithivti 04 04 14. Batticaloa 13 22 o, 0t n -l or 04 0t 0l 15. Ampara 06 06 0r r 0l 02 0l 0l 0l 16. Trincomalee 09 09 02 01 0l -l 0l 17. Kurunegala l0 t7 03 03 03 -l or 0t 37 ; 0l 0l Puttalam 02 02 03 32 18. 08,,) 08 19. Anuradhapura .. 22 0l 0l o2 t 06 041 0l 0l l3 I u 02 20. Polonnaruwa 09 09 0l 0l 1l 0l 21. Badulla t2 l2 04 05 03 -l 02 02 l2 l3 0l 0l 22. Monaragala 06 06 05 05 08 0l 23. Ratnapura l3 13 05 05 ; 01 0l 18 19 01 02 24. Kegalle t0 10 02 02 I 0l -l 26 l5 0l 0l All Island ,078 i 23rl 2r2 *l 591 49 12l 19 18 | 1,479 994 24 o4

Sources : Co-operative Development Department. Markcting Department. Co-oper.ative Wholesale Establishment. Markfed. Sri Lanka State Trading (Textile) Corporation. Milk Board. Building Materials Corporation. State Pharmaceuticals Corporation. Fisherios Corporation. 7.1 coNSUilIER PRrCE TNDICES: SRr LANKA COMPARED WrTH SELECTED COUNTRIES (1980:100) tg78_1g84 57

Percentage Change Counlry

1.0 Sri Lanka 71.6 79.3 100.0 lt7 .9 t30.7 149.0 173.8 t7 .9 10.8 14.0 76.6 2.0 Bangladesh 78.4 88.3 r00.0 113.2 123.7 133.7 149. 8 13.2 9.3 8.1 12.0 3.0 Burma 91.r 99.4 100.0 100. 3 105.6 111.6 ll7.o 0.3 5.3 5.7 4.8 4.0 China, Rep. of 9t.3 93. I 100.0 102.6 104.5 106.7 2.6 1.9 2.1 5.0 India 81.4 89.7 100.0 113.0 121.9 136.3 t47 .7 13.0 7.9 ll.8 8.4 6.0 Indonesia 70.0 84.4 100.0 112.2 122.9 137.4 lsl.7 12.2 9.5 11.8 ro.4 7.O Malaysia 90. 5 93.7 r00.0 1o9.7 116.1 120.4 9.7 5.8 3.7 8.0 Nepal 84.2 87.2 100.0 lll.l 124.1 r39 .5 ll.1 rl .7 t2.4 9.0 Pakistan 82,5 89.3 100.0 111.9 118.5 r27 .3 136.4 11 .9 5.9 7.4 7.1 10.0 Philippines 72.O 84.6 100.0 113. 1 t24.6 137 .3 206.2 13.1 ro.2 10.0 50.4 Singapore ll.0 88 .7 92.2 100.0 108. 3 1r2.4 113.8 1 16.8 8.3 3.8 1.2 2.6 t2.o Thailand 76.0 83.5 r00.0 tr2.7 118.6 123.0 124.1 12.7 5.2 J. t 0.9 13.0 Japan 89.4 92.6 100.0 104.9 ro7 .7 109.6 tl2.l 4.9 J1 1.8 2.3 r4.0 United Kingdom 84. 8 r00.0 ll r.9 12r.s 127.1 133.4 ll.9 8.6 4.6 5.0 1s.0 United states 79.2 88.1 100.0 110.4 117,1 120.9 126. I 10.4 6.1 ?, AA

I nternational Financial- Statistics - April 1985. INDEX (19s2:100) 1974 1984 58 7.2 COLOMBO CONSUMERS' PRICE -

1980 Item r975 1978

1.0 Commodity - Wise 339.7 399.6 450.4 506. 3 598.0 l.l Food 189 .7 2M.3 202.1 203.3 237 .5 ,rr., I 239.9 257 .8 273.8 291 .1 307 .5 1.2 Clothing 204.6 208.2 211 .7 223.8 226.2 23r.2 328.5 563 .9 767 .9 816.4 I ,087 .6 1,282.7 1.3 Fuel and Light 221 .O 237 .r 265.2 257 .5 262.1 109 .8 109 .8 109.8 109.8 109.8 1.4 Rent r09.8 109 .8 109. 8 109.8 109 .8 109.8 252.4 291 .8 345.7 377.r 433.7 496.9 1.5 Miscellaneous 178.3 191.9 203 .8 208.4 224.8

252.3 3r8.2 t75.4 553 .1 2.0 All Items 185 .8 198 .3 200.7 2n.8 10. 8 26.1 18.0 16.6 3.0 Growth Rate 12.3 6.7 t.2 t2.1

I 4.0 Sector - Wise 341.4 383 .9 433 .0 500 .8 4.1 Domestic r76.l 189.5 195 .5 2C0.6 228.8 249.3 493.1 532.9 583.4 643.8 4.2 Imports 195.7 2r3.5 209.2 195.6 243.8 283.7 385.2 \'r', ) s36 5 772.2 t,250.2 4,3 Exports 251 .4 2r4.5 2t9.8 317.5 358. 2 |

Sources: Department of Census & Statistics. Ceitral Bank ofCeylon. 7.3 WHOLESALE pRrCE rNDEX (1974:100) 1977_1984 59

Item 1977 r978 r979 1980 l98l 1982 1e83 1984

I

1.0 Commodity - Wise 1.1 Food r04.8 155 .5 161.3 2r4.2 249.5 263.7 1.2 Textile & Footwear 168.6 238.4 24s.6 249.5 279.3 308 .9 1.3 Petroleum Products 1o9.4 ro9.4 183 .1 355.6 467.3 473.3 1.4 Transport Equipment r27.5 l4t -6 148.1 171.0 193 .9 200.6 1.5 Fuel and Light 179.5 253.8 319.5 388 .9 402.5 409.2 2.0 Sector - Wise 2.1 Domestic I I5.4 133.9 144.s 177 .o 2r7.0 239.6 2.2 Imports 93.0 138.8 164.9 237 .6 301.4 295.2 2.3 Exports 229.9 229.1 24t.3 337.O 343.7 365.8 6t2.9 | 926.4 3.0 Group - Wise

3.1 Consumer 140.7 157.2 167 .O 227.1 2s2.8 268.3 345.8 456.1 3.2 Intermediate 116. 8 1s2.4 184.1 249.3 3t8.2 329.8 381.9 420.4 3.3 Investment 130.6 169.2 195.2 264.7 305. I 325.r 367 .l 399.0 4.0 All Items 135.3 156.7 r71.6 tto < 268.s 283.3 354. I 444.7 5.0 Grorvth Rate 20.9 15 .8 9.5 33.7 t7 .0 5.5 2s.o 25.6

Source: Central Bank ofCeylon. 6t) 7.4 CONSTRUCTTON COST INDEX (1969:100) D',ft-r984

Construction Type 1979 1980 1981 ___l__

267 368 .4 555. I 653. 8 699.2 749.s 815.4 1.0 Brick Walt, Tile Roof and Cement Rendered Floor .2 358 .7 523.5 612.9 666.0 713.2 779.4 2.0 Brick Wall, Asbestos Roofing and Cement Rendered Floor 274.7 Cement Sand/Concrete Block Wall, Tile Roof and Cement 3.0 59s .9 694.9 734.7 79r.4 859 .2 Rendered Floor 269.7 385.8

4.0 Send/Concrete Block Wall, Asbestos Roof and Cement 575.4 670.3 736.2 783.3 843.2 Cement Rendered Floor t91 .6 275.3 377 .6 Sand/Concrete Block or Brick Wall, Metal Sheets 5.0 Cement 570.7 655. I 754.1 788.2 844.3 Roofing and Cement Rendered Floor 201 .9 3r7 .3 422.3

2',17 398 .0 588 .7 704.O 74s.2 794.8 839 .7 6.0 Mud wall, Tile Roof and Mud Floor t'l5.3 .4 291 39t.3 552.0 620.2 634.9 676.9 782.3 7.0 Thatched with Mud Wall and Floor 182.8 .7 378 .0 543.2 649.5 667 .6 741 .6 814.2 8.0 Thatched Wall and Roof with Mud Floor l7l.0 282.2

.2 6r'.5.3 691 .0 753.5 All Housing 173.4 252.2 518.8 6t7 Source: Ministry of Housing & Construction. 7.5 AVERAGE DAILY WAGE RATES IN AGRICULTURE AND BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 1980 - 1984 In Rupees

Type of Labour

l-0 Patldy Farming l l Ploughing with Ploughs 26.04 30. 53 35.52 4t .77 44.4r

1.2 Ploughing with Mammoties 21 .82 26.72 30. 33 34.37 35.71

1.3 Sowing 22.r8 27 .70 31.24 36.01 37.27 1.4 llransplanting 19.65 24.75 27.30 34.4r 34.86 14.99 19.40 21 .95 25.75 26.62 1.5 Manuring 20.92 25.93 28.93 35. 35 36.91

1.6 Spraying 24.96 31.31 35.01 38. 59 41 .75 1,7 Weeding 18.99 23.70 26.33 32.53 34.30 14.71 18.65 21.00 25.13 26.59 1.8 Harvesting 2r.49 L'.JI 29.43 34.97 37 .31 17.40 2r.22 22.87 28.48 28.39 1.9 Threshing 25.16 32.17 33.17 41 .02 41 .26

1.10 Winnowing 22.29 27,64 30,70 34.27 37.19 l5 .58 20.02 22.76 27 .45 2.0 Coconut 2.1 Digging Pits 20.72 25.98 30. 8l 34.14 37 .73

2.2 Planting 18.33 22.62 26.67 30. 3l 33,18 t2.s9 16.21 18.42 21 .21 22.35 2.3 Manuring r7 .97 )'t \\ 26.08 30.94 32.69 12.s8 16.40 18 .64 22.06 23.43 2.4 Plucking 30.43 37,28 43.62 48.43 <) 1'7 2.5 Collecting Nuts 16.87 21.28 24.92 28.49 30.90 12.33 15.61 17 ,9r 20.28 2t.01 2.6 Husking 25.s8 32.35 4r.45 45.09 48.26

Note: These wage rates represent payments in cash without meals. 62 7.5 AVERAGE DNLY WAGE RATES IN AGRICULTURE AND BUILDING CONSTRUCIION I98O - 1984 In Rupees

Activity Type ol 1984 Labour

3.0 Te.a 3.1 Preparation ofLand M 17.O3 20.74 21 .67 22.45 26.57 3.2 Planting M t8.24 20.66 2r.55 22.40 25.77 F t2.95 t5.o2 16. l5 t7 .04 19.67 3.3 Manuring M 17. 5l 20.08 2t.31 22.69 27 .08

3.4 Weeding M 16. 85 19.29 20.60 22.82 26.44 F 12.05 15.07 l5 .40 16.5t 2C.73 3.5 Pruning M 20.s3 2J.60 25.39 28 .68 33 .93

3.6 Plucking Ivl l7 .15 18.61 20.23 24,30 28.32 F 13.00 15.43 14.92 17.32 23.72 4.0 Rubber 4,1 Uprooting and cleaning M 22.48 27.L4 29.81 t2.16 35 .35 4.2 Planting M 20.29 24,32 26.5r 33.42 35.13

4.3 Planting of Creepers M 19.75 22.93 23.95 28.72 31.32 F t4.29 17.75 19.23 2r'l .53 22.28 4.4 Pruning M 20.70 24.78 25.24 30.22 32.7s

4.5 Manuring M 21 .70 25.6r 26.72 31 .97 34. 15

4.6 Spraying M 26.@ 32.38 29.96 32.48

4.7 Tapping M 18 .20 20.47 22.0s 24.87 28.57 F t 6.40 18.64 19.44 2l .83 25.70 5.0 BuildingConstruction 5.1 Carpentry 5.1.1 Mastef Carpenter M 36.95 46. 8s 53.81 59.95 65.20 5.1.2 Skilled Helper M 25.44 32.26 36.26 4l .85 44,69 5.1.3 Unskilled Helper M t9.t7 23.87 25.54 30.75 33.31 5.2 Masonary 5.2.1 Master Mason M 35.85 45 .90 52.42 58. 3l 63. 50 5.2.2 Skilled M 25.00 3l .53 35. 65 39.98 43.83 5.2.3 Unskilled M 18.80 23 .82 26.34 30.11 33.tl IYt:Male. r:l

In Rupees

Comrnorlity 1984

1.0 Rice (Kg) 1.1 Samba 4.21 5.20 5.91 7.40 8.07 9.84 1.2 Par Boiled 3.59 4.43 5.87 6.O2 6.20 6.50 1.3 Kekulu 3. 55 4.50 6.O2 6.28 6.46 6.87 2.0 Up-Country Vegetables (Kg) 2.1 Beans (Butter) 4.52 5.71 6.43 7 .53 8.82 10.66 2,2 Carrot 4.34 5. 87 6.91 7.96 9.r4 ll.l7 2.3 Beet Root 3 .81 4.6r 5.57 5. 86 7.09 9.43 3.0 Low-Country Vegetablcs (KO 3.1 Pumpkin - Red 2.56 2.92 2.72 3.M 3.47 4.26 3.2 Brinjals (Chena) 2.7 | 3. l3 3.24 4.U 4.64 5.64 3.3 Curry Chillies 5.71 6.37 6.77 7 .77 8. 83 lI .46 3.4 Limes 9.04 8 .91 7.89 8 .81 ls.43 14.71 4.0 Yams (Kg) 4.1 Potatoes 6.46 7 .47 9.74 10.67 12.11 15.53 4.2 Manioc 1.32 2.03 2.70 2.40 2.43 3.16 4.3 Sweet Potatoes 2.12 3.20 4.20 3.86 4,32 5 .39 5.0 Meat and Eggs (Kg) 5.1 Beef (Without bones) 10. 56 t3.27 15.40 16.8l 19.12 21.r9 5.2 Mutton (With bones) 20.1r 25.49 28.09 31 .57 37.83 42.56 5.3 Pork t4.16 16.52 18. 8l 23.76 27.52 30.56 5.4 Chicken (Ordinary) 22.12 27 .12 28.37 34.11 39 .80 42.95 5.5 Eggs (Farm-Each) 0. 85 0.89 r .13 |.40 1.47 1.57 64 7.6 AVERAGE REIAIL PRICES OF SELECTED CONSUMER ITEMS 1979 _1984

fn Rupees

Comrnodity 1980 1981

6.0 Sea Fish (Kg) 6.1 Scer - Thora 19.67 25 .45 27 .87 32.88 40.4t 46.39 6.2 Trevally - Parawa 16.29 20.90 23.04 27 .53 33.10 37 .07 6,3 Skip Jack - Balaya 14.40 17 .99 20.03 24.99 29.89 32.69 6.4 Tuna - Kelawalla 15.52 20.42 21 .72 26.61 32.34 35.40 6.5 Shark - Mora 12.15 14.44 16.44 20.73 25 .03 27.99 6.6 Sardine - Salaya 1 aA 9.17 I0.09 t3 .2r 7.0 Dried Fish (Kg) 7 .l Scer - Tlrora 22.25 29.59 34.37 42.13 50.32 55.82 7 .2 Shark - Mora 17 .09 22.29 26.63 32.57 36.94 40.88 7 .3 Skip Jack - Balal,'a t7 .62 25 ,05 23,34 34.35 38 .69 43.22 7 .4 Queen Fish - Kattawa 20.42 26.99 3l .51 37 .59 M.32 49.42 7.5 Sprats 25.42 3t .75 35.80 42.10 4r .14 38 .58 8.0 Fulses (Kg) 8.1 Grcen Grams - Sced 10.74 r3.89 t3 .57 15 .77 14.67 18.92 8.2 Dhal - Mysore 13.03 15.17 17 .78 2l .94 20.87 20.48 8.3 Dhal - Kadata 13.36 12.t9 14.86 20.32 20.27 9.0 Curry Stufrs (Kg) 9 .l Dried Chillics (Grade 1) 27.21 3t .20 27 .93 32.11 34.65 38.20 9.2 Pcppcr 33 .85 34.60 30.28 3s .40 39.85 48.02 9 ,3 Tamarind 12.66 8.60 7 .98 8 .57 9.60 15.86 9 .4 Coriandcr 8.14 9 .13 14.88 19 .62 21 .18 22.24 9.5 Turmeric (Dricd) 3t.88 29.61 27 .66 2.7 .47 37 .57 59.95 9.6 Garlic 1l .49 9.81 10.85 16.27 22.21 28.78

Conliuued. 7.6 AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES OF SELECTED CONSUMER ITEMS I979_I98/- 65

In Rupecs

Commodity tg8/ 10.0 Spices (Kg)

f0.l Red Onions (Large) 6.28 7.10 lt.t8 ro.t2 10.69 28.00 10.2 Cummin Seeds 3t.42 31.63 30.50 25.09 48.76 49.02 10.3 Fonnel Seeds 12.42 r7 .25 t9.t2 40.78 39.70 4r.46 10.4 Mathe Seeds 10.42 1l -63 14,51 r7.59 2t.54 26.29 10.5 Cinnamon Quills 26.26 29.99 3l .51 38 .75 38.26 M.O2 11.0 Coconuts

11.1 Coconut (Mediumt (Each) l.t2 I .53 1.75 I .56 2.24 3.95 11.2 Coconut Oil (750Mls) 5.88 7.69 r0.27 9.t4 13.26 25.54 12.0 Fruits (Eacb) Pineapple(Murusi) l2.l 3 .05 3.88 4.73 5.73 7 .0r 8.06 12.2 l(iigCoconut I .63 2.04 2.32 2.45 2.81 3.37 12.3 Banana - Kolikuttu 0. 58 0.70 0.84 0.95 I .10 r.26 12.4 Banana - Ambul 0.28 o.32 0,36 0.39 o.47 0.49 13.0 Milk Foods and Beverages

l3.l Fresh Milk (Dairy) (750 Mls) I .65 1.60 2.s8 2.89 15t 4.23 13.2 Tea (Ke) - BOP r8 .85 23.66 27 .67 32.02 s2.17 77 .72 13.3 Coffee (Kg) Powder 59. 93 69.85 63.10 67.00 81.53 102 .83

Continued 66 7.6 AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES OF SELECIED CONSUMER ITEMS 1979_1984

In Rupees

Commodity

and Tobacco (Each) 14.0 Tobacco Proilucts ,, .f, a 4A l4.l Chewing Tobacco - Jaffna I .65 2.42 3.24 6.12 14.2 Cigarettes 0.81 14.2.1 Four Aces 0.31 0.40 0.42 0.46 o.72 1.00 14.2.2 Three Roses o.34 o.43 o.42 0. 53 0.89 1.01 14.2.3 Bristol 0. 35 0.46 0.5r 0.56 0.95 15.0 Clothing l5.l Poplin - Local(Metre) r 0.93 14.18 13.c0 13 .98 14.34 16.09 15.2 Sarongs - (Each) 63.48 38.42 41.56 43.9s 47.00 53 .68 15.3 Sarees - (Each) 8t.79 86.36 93.96 97 .47

16.0 Soap (Tablet) l6.l Suniight 1.34 1.73 2,39 2.38 2.66 3.48 16.2 Snow White 1.25 1 .53 2.38 2.4r 2,56 3.49 16.3 Sovereign Bar (tsar) 5. 50 6.59 9.85 10.50 1r.20 22.34 16.4 Rexona 1.73 2.24 3.10 3.27 3. 55 4.28 17.0 Fuel and Light 11 .l Kerosene Oil (l Litre) t.97 3.42 4.42 4.26 5.78 7 .16 17.2 Fire Wood (50 Kgs) 9.56 13.55 19.66 15.8r 20.17 24.12 17.3 Safety Matches (Box) 0.25 0.31 0.39 0.41 0.63 0.66 Source: Country-Wide Data Collection System - Central Bank of Ceylon. 7.7 AVERAGE PRODUCER PRICES 1980 - 1984 67 In Rupeer

Commoility 1984

1.0 Paddy 69 1.1 Paddy 3.29 3.48 3.67 3.95

2.0 Up-Country Vegetables (Kg) 2.1 Beans - Butter 2.73 3.89 4.87 5.88 2.2 Carrot 2.93 4.0s 5. 08 5.63 2.3 Beet Root 2.76 3.02 3 .98 5.32 3.0 Low-Country Vegetables (Kg) 3.1 Pumpkin - Red r .60 1 .98 1.90 2.25 3.2 Brinjals -Home 2.22 2.81 3.21 3.76 3.3 Curry Chillies 4.52 4.97 5.71 7 .02 3.4 Limes 4.85 4.77 8.08 4.0 Yams (Kg) 4.1 Potatoes 6.24 7 .10 9.24 11 .81 4.2 Manioc 1.40 r.4l I .48 1.88 4.3 Sweet Potatoes 2.48 2.56 2.86 3.39 5.0 Eggs (Each) 5.1 Eggs Ordinary 0.91 1.15 t.28 t.34 6.0 Sea Fish (Kg) 6.1 Seer - Thora r7 .03 22.07 24,49 26.55 6.2 Trevally - Parawa 14.97 l8 .41 20.07 2t.60 6.3 Skip Jack - Balaya 12.48 15.44 17.05 18.0t 6.4 Tuna - Kelawalla 12.57 16.64 18.75 20.36 6.5 Shark - Mora 9.73 16.44 14..45 15.92 6.5 Sardine - Salaya 6.80 9.18 10.31 10.53

Continued 68 7.7 AVERAGE PRODUCER PRICES I98O - 1984 In Rupees

Comnodity

7.0 Dried Fish (Kg) 7,1 Seer - Thora 2t.34 22.1r 28,54 30.96 29.29 7.2 Shark - Mora 14.93 17.07 22.76 23.69 25.5r 7.3 Skip Jack - Balaya 18 .54 r8. l2 25.12 25.07 2s.75 7.4 Queen Fish - Kattawa 19.16 22.68 27.27 28,62 29.15 7.5 Sprats 22.95 27.02 31.06 29.91 29.37 t.0 Pulses (Kg) 8.1 Green Grams (Big Seeds) 9.22 9.2r 8.85 tt.74 12,.86 8.2 Cow - pea Ml 35 (White) 6.53 5.41 8 .39 7 .16 8 .83 8.3 Sorghum 4.21 4.02 6 .58 8 .00 7 .61 9.0 Curry Stufi(Kg) 9.1 Dried Chillies (Gr. I) 23.5r 20.57 23.72 25.98 28.46 9.2 Pepper 21.61 l5.ll 22.99 28.47 34.66 9.3 Turmeric @ried) 16.29 16.61 14.05 21.58 34.14 10.0 Spices (Kg) l0.l Red Onions (Large) 7.92 7 .61 6.71 6.66 2t.ll 10.2 Cloves 166.28 t97 .07 230.60 245.49 207.33 10.3 Cardamoms I16.91 71.62 r20.60 r39.r7 233.43 10.4 Cinnamon Quills 27.87 26.4s fo.22 2r.58 24.34 11.0 Coconuts ll.l Coconut (Est.-Each) I .13 |.27 I .06 r.67 3.09 ll.2 Copra No. I (Candy) 1.242.85'r22.41 | ,421 .85 | ,393.57 I,936.93 3.714.57'ltl.20 ll.3 Coconut Charcoal(50Kgs) 145.O7 138. l3 166.90

Conlinued 7J AVERAGE PRODUCER PRICES 1980_1984 69

In Rupees

Commoility

12.0 Fruits (Each) l2.l Pineapple(Murusi) |.97 2.56 2.98 4.10 4.64 12.2 BalJlana - (Kolikuttu) 0.47 0.55 0.58 0.67 o.75 12.3 Banana - (Ambul) 0.28 0.25 o.25 0.30 0.28 13.0 Beael and Arecanut (1000) l3.l Betel 29.82 25.r7 35.5t 41.53 29,07 13.2 Arecanut (Seasoned) 43.81 7t.2r 48.45 56.81 t56.26 14.0 Jaggery and lfoney (Kg) 14.l Coconut(Jaggcry) 12.74 14.85 t3.49 15.95 t7.39 14.2 Sugar Cane (Jaggery) tt.47 12.4r 9.26 9.57 8.99 14.3 Coconut (Honey-750 Ml) 8.72 12.31 12.23 12.87 14.12 14.4 Sugar Cane (Honey-750 Ml) 8.14 11.37 8.47 8.95 23.37 15.0 BuildingMaterials l5.l Bricks (1000) 258.05 284.62 288.97 327.18 387.2s 15.2 Sand (Cube) 69.29 76.53 81.64 92.20 99.97 15.3 Metal 314" (Cube) 379.44 447.41 473.0s 527.05 582.2s 16.0 Others (Kg) 16.l Coffee Seeds 33.71 2r.30 27.64 36.67 42.48 16.2 Cocoa 26.t7 21.30 25.61 25.99 40.30 16.3 Tea Leaves 2.r3 1 .95 2.57 4.35 7 .07 16.4 Chewing Tobacco (Jaffnp-50 Kgs) | ,261.73 1,137 .14 | ,245.01

Source: Country-Wide Data Collection System - Central Bank Of Ceylon; o0 7.8 AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES OF AGRICULTURAL INPUTS 1980_1984

In Rupees

Item 1980 1981 t9E2 1983 t984

1.0 Paddy Farming

1.1 Seed Paddy (Bushel) l.l.l Improved Varieties 59.27 77.22 8l .60 86.65 93.41 1.1.2 Traditional Varietios s7 .60 74.08 17.43 8l .35 87.83 1.2 Fertilizer (50 Kgs.) 1.2.1 Urea 5l .55 I 19. l4 r45.79 I 55.43 1s2.25 t.2.2 C.P.D. 62.92 t19.47 146.50 15s.90 I 59 .63 r.2.3 T.D.M. I 55 .33 I 18.70 147 .07 157 .28 I 53 .93 1.2.4 T.D.M.2 53 .63 114.61 t46.52 1 s0.08 153.56 1.2.5 V. I 65.73 r23.58 146.44 151.96 156.70 1.2.6 V.2 52.1r I 10.67 146.97 148. 63 1.2.7 V.3 65.92 ilI.28 r45.r1 198. 35

1.3 Chemicalsr 1.3.1 Agrosan (16 Ozs/450 Ml.) 23.26 30.04 31 .56 32.69 35.38 1.3.2 Endrex 20 , , 4r.13 52.i6 54.25 56.90 58.81 1.3.3 Baurs 3-4 33 .60 40.06 46.08 50.51 54.30 1.3.4 Hedenal M 60 3r.96 46.62 5l .70 55.09 56.58 1.3.5 Gramexon 36.01 38 .00 39 .48 42.79 43.96 1.3.6 Baurs M.P.C,A. 40 ,, 30. 30 23.39 29.08 5+.tI 35.84 1.3.7 Copper Sandoz ( Kg) 44.26 46.39 1.3.8 Baurs B.H.C (5 Lbs/2 Kgs.) 9.19 9.69 r0.44 13.79 18.11 1.3.9 Azodrin 60 Lankem (125 Ml.) 42.52 1.3.10 Elsan Lankem (200 Ml.) 48.43 1.3.11 Bdssa 50 P.C.E.C (450 Ml.) 54. 83 68.49 75.77 80.58

* British Wcights and Mcasures refer to 1980 Chemicals Only. Continued 7.8 AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES OF AGRICULTURAL INPUTS 1980.-1984 7l

ln Rupees

Item 1980

1.4 Other Inputs (Each) 1.4,1 Mammoties (Hardware Corporation) 42.80 5r.96 56.75 61.19 67 .75 1.4.2 Mammoties (Crocodile) 53.85 70.36 81.c6 86. 15 89. 58 1.4.3 Sickles (Medium Size) 15.44 19.43 22.03 24.72 27 .18 1.4.4 Gunnies (3 Bushels) s.67 1r.53 15.02 14.52 14.79 1.4.5 Tractor Hire for Ploughing (Hectare) 980. 80 | ,113.02 I,184.51 1.4.6 Tractor Hire for Threshing ( ,, ) 406.42 466.90 468.69 2.0 Coconut Plantation 2.1 Fertilizer (50 Kgs.) 2.1.1 Baurs SP (for young) 6r.79 120.79 r55.98 162.27 r61.00 2.1.2 Baurs SP (for bearing) 59.97 119.40 154.24 161.32 160.78 2.2 Chemicals* (16 Ozs/450 Ml.) 2.2.1 Intox 8 l0t .54 96.22 93.97 r24.07 156.00 2.3 Other Inputs (50 Kgs.) 2.3.1 Barbed Wire (Loca[) 49e.r8 687.14 767 40 806.39 867.44 2.3.2 Barbed Wire (Imported) 548.24 682.82 795 18 835.65 883 .30

3.0 Rubber 3.1 Planting (100) 3.1.1 Seedlings (23|P.8.) 193.00 276.56 213.99 296.80 343,89 3.1.2 Seedlings (86i P.B.) 263.95 302.O7 293.3r 314 64 343.61 3.1.3 Seedlings O. R. 8) 225.36 312.87 30s. 69 318.27 348.83 3.2 Chenieals* (Cwt/50 Kgs.) 3.2.1 R.4-64 Mixture 62.63 t44.20

t British Weights and Moasures refer to 1980 Chemicals only. Continued 72 7.E AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES OF AGRICULTURAL INPUTS 1980 - 1984 In Rupees

ltem t9E0 t9g2 19E3 lqM

3.2.2 Tilex Liquid (16 Ozs/450M1) 53 .51 65.67 98 .57 8l .68 95.39 3.2.3 cclate ,, r45.22 r44.21 t67.15 168.88 190.00 3.2.4 ,, 3.70 4.58 64.05 63.64 3.2.5 10. t6 42.08 18.79 3.2.6 (l cl/ll-t) 67.63 21.40 23.94 31.01 29.75 3.2.7 70 99 22.37 24.6r 26.18 25.42 l.Z.s 1te ozs,rdb utl 8.01 23.25 15.00 14.4E 16.17 3.3 Other Inputs (Each) 3.3.1 Tapping Knives 14.22 18.94 21.4r 22,13 20.70 3.3.2 Trays(Aluminium) 44.56 49.81 46.34 42.15 42.22 3.3.3 Measure 6. 06 5 .90 6. 83 7.44 6.86 3.3.4 Spouts (Kg) 4.67 6.06 6. 33 6.27 5.84 3.3.5 Coconut Shells (100) 7.21 7.49 6.56 7.06 7.88 1.0 Tea Plantatlon {.1 Plantlng (100) 4.1.1 Packeted Plant 97 .14 I18.52 It3.16 r23.95 r4E.79 4.1.2 Nursing Plant 79.41 114.09 85.98 96.48 94.07

4.2 Fertilizer 150 Kgs) 4.2.t T.560 76.98 t72.71 189.10 191.84 184.43 4.2.2 T.750 69.12 152.32 185.27 194. r 3 184.05 4.2.3 U.1,000 57,72 118.28 146.57 t47 .73 15t.65 4.2.4 T. t,r30 76.0E r 58.98 193.59 t94.96 182.99 4.t Chemicalc+ (16 Ozs/450 Ml) 4.3.1 Copper Sandoz 25.63 32.33 2E.94 40.28 44.15 4.3.2 Antimusin 143 .31 122.95 159.60 184.00 190.63 4.3.3 Santox A 144.00 68.00 65 .10 4.t.4 Thiovit 13.90 12.50 t2.44 r3.60 14.43

I British Weights and Measuros refer to 1980 Chemicals only. Continued 7.8 AVERAGE RETAIL PRICES OF AGRICIJLTURAL INPUTS 1980 _ 1984 73 In Rnpees

4.3.5 P.Massoil Fumigant (16 Ozs/450 Ml) 26.00 33. 50 38.16 57.24 61.63 4.3.6 Dolomite (Cwt/50 Kgs) ?n.32 29.40 42.71 56.55 43.61 4.4 Other Inputs (Each) 4.4.1 Pruning Knife 17.60 21.34 22.62 24.36 29.79 4.4.2 Mammoties (Fork) 122.5r 14,4..o3 t65.@ 18s.23 r95.25 4.4.3 Crow bar $or Holes) 83.89 90.04 97.20 104.58 109.65 4.4.4 Crow(for Ditches) 86.39 tot.23 lll.7l lt6.7r 122.51 4.4.5 Gunnies 11.83 14.68 14.79 t6.02 19.70 4.4.6 Baskets 9.22 8.92 9.82 11.39 13.27 ' British Weights and Measures rofer to 1980 chemicals only. C,ountry-Wide Data Collection System - Central Bank of Ceylon. 74 8.I MONETARY AND FISCAL ACTIVITIES: SRI LANKA COMPARED WITH SELECTED,COUNTRIES

Percent

I Sri Lanka j Bu.ln" I nong- ] India Rep. of Nepal Singapore Thailand Korea i iKong i I

l.^.li I 1.0 Money Supply Index 1975 : 100 r984 544.8 | zzt .e2\t :122.4 243.4 577 .1 371 .0 380 .8 236.4 238 .3 lJune) (sep. (SeP.) 2.0 CurrencyCirculation/DemandDeposits --l ,rl 1984 103.6 56.4 129.8( 83.7 l7s..7e) 85.( ,(0ioJo, 247 .4Q) 3.0 Government Current Revenue/GDPMP 1983 24.9 I 3.5(l r3.5 n. a. 19.2 8.8 24.4 15.1 4.O Government Total Expenditure/GDPMP 1983 33.9(r) 14.8(1 16.1 n. a. 17 .9 20.5 40.3 18.1 5.0 Taxes/GDPMP I 1983 20.5(3) g.9(l 9.1 7 .9(trl t't .l 7.2 t7 .9 14.0 6.0 External Public Debt Outstanding Disbur- sed only (U. S. $) 1983 2,g21 .6Q) 2,226.1 223.7 | ,276.5 2t ,472.3 346.4 9 ,465.7 1 ,243.6 7,060.3 7.0 Loans approved by ADB (U. S. gy r984 4t1 .7 495.9 101 .5 r. a. | ,949.5 440.3 2,112.6 181.1 I ,508.5 8.0 Debt Service Ratioa 1983 n.2Q) 33.5 0.2 n. a, 12.3 3.0 21 .9 0.8 lt.3 9.0 International Reserves ($ Mn.; r984 494 n.a, 5,933 2751 7.8 I ,035 l0,300 | ,921 (SeP) (Sep) 10.0 International Reserves/Imports (Months)b I 983 2.2Q) n.a. 7.4 1.2 4.8 5.7 4.2 3.3

a. Source: ADB - Key Indicators- 1985. 6' This indicates number of months imports that can be maintained by using the International Reserves at the end of the year. (l) 1982 (2) le83 (3) re84 8.2 MONETARY TRDNDS 1972 - Igifr 75 In Million Rupoes

Item

1.0 Narrow Money Supply (Ml) 2,481 2,779 2,946 3,088 | 5,936 ll ,760 14,749 16,824 l.l Currency in Circulationlty 1,202 1,437 I,539 I 3,016 | ,6t0 5,988 7 ,20O 8 1.2 Demand Deposits 7 ,279 I,341 | 1,478 2,927 < 't'l', ,561 | ,406 7 ,548 9,263 Time and Savings Deposits 1 2.0 ,493 | ,376 7 ,623 1 ,669 I Broad Money Supply (M2) (2) B ,750 22.5C9 26,604 3.0 3,974 4,151 4,568 4,757 30,510 37:257 4.0 Change in Money Supply 312 )41 43,427 168 143 1 2,988 Per Capita Money Supply 193 ,735 2,076 5.0 212 222 229 774 Money Supply GDP*(%) 16.27 15,09 957 7 ,079 6.0 / 12.39 11 .90 il.78 12.12 7,0 Currency / Demend Deposits 9"1.0 107.0 109 .0 109.0 tr.l0 103.7 9s .4 103.6 8.0 Deposits Tuhover 17 .35 26.42 27.24 30. 55 57.73 55.12 78.96 9.0 Domestic Credit 9.1 Private Sector(3) | 7 2,775 2,390 4,115 ,623 ,745 6,449 8 ,705 12,7C9 | 16.690 20,570 27 ,375 31 9.2 Corporations 563 419 I I 7 ,224 ,060 ,013 ,670 2,f(,3 3 .347 4,123 | 4',18.8 4,677 4 ,385 4,149 9.3 Government 2,764 2,660 2,526 2,870 2,989 1 ,863 2,920 8,972 | 12',789 17 ,75O 77 ,533 14,554 l0-0 Quasi Money(4) | | 1,623 ,493 ,376 I ,689 2,155 3.351 4,956 ro .432 t4 | 8 Liquid Assets of Commercial Banksls) | -423 ,750 22,509 26,604 11.0 I ,350 | ,205 7 ,354 | ,228 7 ,443 2,964 7 )4) 6:|7 7:205 8 l2-O Bank Rate(%X6) 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 | ,674 ll ,47 l3 ,837 6.5 10.0 r0.0 t2.o | 14.0 14.0 l3 .0 13.0 I At Market Prices. Source: (l) Held by public. Central Bank of Ceylon. (2) V2 is defiend as_M I f time and Savings Deposits of privato Scctor held with Commercial Banks. (3) Co-operatives and Private. (4) Time and Savings Deposits of Private Sector held with Commercial Banks. (5) Liquid assets consist of cash on hlnd, balances due from Central Bank, Foteign currency on hand and balances due from banks abroad, Go.rernment Treasury bills and bills discounted. of Sri Lanka (o End of Period. 76 8.3. BANKING DENSITY BY DISTRICTS 1983 & 1984

Bank of CeYlon Hatton Commercial Banking (b) People's National Bank of Other Total No. of Population Population DensitY Bank Bank Ceylon Banks (a) Branches '000 per Branch Index (Main) tRural) 19Ml 1983 | rSSl 1983 1984 1984 1983 1984 r883 tg84 1984 1983 1984 lrs- 1984 1983

1 l4,317 14,047 0. 698 0.7r2 1. Colombo 42 44 | 1(43) l-(44) 46 10 1 t23 127 | ,761 ,781 2 I 39 40 | 1,439 36,589 35,975 0.273 0 278 2. Gampaha l4 t5 | 2(to 1106) 20 20 ,427 0 3rl t. Kalutara 12 13 | l(13) I I (14) t3 l3 2(r 27 858 868 33 ,000 32,149 0.303 A1 28,146 0. 363 0 .355 4. Kandy l3 13 4(7) 21 2l 3 1 41 1,154 |,154 2't ,4'76 | l3(16) 1'' 0.589 0 .583 Matale 5 7(t2) 7 (r2) 8 8 2 22 J /J 16,954 17 136 5 | | 0.511 o.522 6. Nuwara Eliya 6 6(12)16(12) 9 9 5 26 26 508 498 l9,538 19,154 6 I ,, 0 .350 Galle 12 3(1s) 2 (t4) l3 l3 I 3l 30 844 856 33 ,760 28,533 0 367 l2 | | 0. 369 0.376 8. Iv{atara 8 2(lo)l 2(r0) 13 14 i 25 26 677 690 27,080 26,538 8 | 0. 378 0.371 9. Hambantota 7 7 | 108) | 1 (8) 9 9 l7 l7 449 458 26,412 26,941 t0. Jaffna ll 8 l-(lr)l- (8) 18 1l I 3l 2l 868 882 28,000 42,000 0 357 0.238 J 0.442 0.2s0 11. Mannar 2 l (l) 2 I 5 lt3 ll6 22,600 38 ,666 l-(02) l- 0.392 0 .285 12. Vavuniya 1 (l) 2 I 4 3 t02 105 25,500 35,000 I :-tOt) l- o.493 0.361 13. Mulathivu J 2 (2) I I 4 J 81 83 20,250 27,666 l-(03) l- 36r 25 27 o.397 0.360 15. Batticaloa 5 5 | l(c6) l- (5) 8 8 14 13 352 ,143 ,'169 1 4E6 0.332 16. Ampara 5 (8) l0 6 20 14 4ll 421 20,550 30,07 0 5 | 500) l 3 )1A 17. Trincomalee 6 4 | 8tl4l l- (4) 6 4 2l 9 281 | 3 ,048 3l ,222 0.776 0.320 18. Kurunegala l8 3Qt) 3 12l; l8 t8 40 40 | ,269 1,290 3l ,725 32,250 0.3r5 0. 310 18 | | 0.377 19. Puttalam t0 l0 | (10) l0 l0 20 20 520 530 26,000 26,500 0. 384 l- 622 13,234 0.755 0.660 20. Anuradhapura 10 I -(r0)t7 (2't) | 12 (23) 16 16 47 636 15,143 I I 0. 539 0.563 21 . (8) 7 15 16 218 284 l 8 ,.533 l7 ,750 Polonnaruwa 7 | l(08) | I 'I 22. Badulla t0 t7 17 36 36 649 646 8 ,028 l7 ,944 0. 554 0.557 0. 570 0. 559 23. Monaragala 5 17 1'l 298 304 17 ,529 17,882 24. Ratnapura 8 t4 l4 29 29 826 835 8,596 28,793 0.351 0.347 25. Kegalle 10 t5 l5 25 )\ 700 ' 704 28,C00 28,160 0.357 0.355

Total 290 3l 32 13 679 5 ,416 5,599 22,704 0.440 0 415

(a) Grindlays Bank (2), Charrered Bank (l), Hongkong and Shanghai Bank (l), Indian Bank (l), Indian Overseas Bank (l), State Bank oflndia (t), Habib Bank (l), IndosueiBank(t), BankofCreditandCommerceinternationil 1,|1, Ove,seasTrustBankLtd.(l), CitvBank(l), AmericanExpressBank(l), BankofOman(l), Bank of America (l), European Asian Bank (l), Algemene Bank Netherland N. V. (l), Habib Bank A. G. Zurich (l), Dubai Bank Ltd. (l), Union Bank of Middle East Ltd. (l), Amsterdam Rotterdam Bank (1). Bank of CeYlon. : Number of Bank Offices x 10.000 Source: Central (b) Banking Density Index ------ToE-l popuiu,ion 8.4 BANKING DEVELOPMENT - NUMBER OF BRANCHES 1975-1984 77

Name of Bank 1975 1977

|. Bank of Ceylon 369 472 483 287 306 293' 304* 309* 287x

2. People's Bank l6l 211 216 242 271 289 300 303 290

3. Commercial Bank of Ceylon 10 l0 l0 10 t0 ll ll 12 l3 ai 4. Hatton National Bank 22 24 z+ 24 27 28 30 3l 32 .A Other Banks 07 07 o7 l0 18 2l 24 25

6. Total 724 632 642 679

7. Banking Density Index - All Island ..1 0.42 o.52 o.52 0.40 0.42 c.43 o.44 0.44 * According to Bank of Ceylon statement for December, 1982 (Deposit and Advances) out of 390 A.S.C. Branches only 86 are Source: Central Bank ofCeylon. functioning. These Totals are made up as follows:

31 .12 . 19E1 31 .12.1982 31 .12.1983 31.12.1984 MainBranches .. 194 218 230 228 A. S. C. Branches 99 86 79 59 Total .. 293 3C4 309 287 78 8.5 DEPOSITS WITH THE COI\IMERCIAL BANKS I982-I9U

In Million Rupees

Demand l. Financiallnstitutions 272.2 l,4ul .6 32.0 ll,7ll.8 310.6 t,304.7 | 50.4 | ,665.7 449.7 1 ,068 .6 58.1 1,576.4 2. Plantation 382.2 119 .9 866.8 167 .2 | 5.5 I ,039. 5 692.8 | ,275.7 9.r 1,977 .6 3. Trading 827.3 631 .8 42.6 ll,50l .7 9s0. I |,142.3 | 52.5 2,144.9 902.3 | ,066.7 63..r 2,0t2.3 4. Manufacturing Establishments 5r1.7 581 .3 E.3 I t,l0l.3 615.6 | ,t67.4 | 9.2 1,792.2 593.1 763.0 l7 .2 | ,373.3 5. Other Business I ,493.8 3 ,582 .0 26.7 | 5 .102.4 I ,501 .5 2,227 .9 | 17 .7 3,147 .2 I ,600.5 2,4O3.0 658.0 4,661 .5 6. Non-Business Institutions 473.4 l,l9g.4 56.5 | | ,728.3 563.4 I ,884.6 | 53. I 2,501 .2 967.9 1,974.5 62.7 3 ,005. I 7. Municipalities and Local Government Bodies s5. 8 38.6 7.8 | rO2.2 85 .8 84.2 8.9 78.5 1033 .5 9.0 l,l2l .0

E. Individuals 1 ,486. 9 5,833.9 4,255.5 lll,576.3 2,Cl5. s 7 ,542.9 5 ,300. 5 2,194.8 8 ,298.0 6,290.0 I 6,982.8

l3,393.5 4,431 .2 123 ,327 .9 15 ,521 .3 5,497 .8 7 ,679.6 | 7 ,983. 0 7 ,767.4 32,730.0

10. Percentage ofTotal deposits 57 23 ll. Percentage change of the total deposits in each type over corresponding period in prevrous year 26 ll

Source: Central Bank of Ceylon. 8.6 LOAI\S AND ADVANCES OF COMMERCIAL BANKS 1976 - Ig84 79 In Million Rupees

Purpose of Loan/Advance 1977 i978 1979 1980 l98l 1984

582.4 3 1.0 Agricultural l,ol7.7 | ,415.l I .(r4.8),763.5 2,27O.5 | 2,779.9' 3,O53.7 3 ,418.5 ,385 .6 (r3.e) (17 .2) (16.0) (r3.2) | (3.2) (12.r) (10 e) (e.7) 1.1 TraditionalPlantation+ 80 .9 93 .0 232.9 47r.9 59r.8 | 1,086.2 7,O12.3 | ,1'18.2 526.5 1.2 Paddy 298 .0 586. 5 788 .0 686.9 sr7.5 | 884.6 7 ,012.2 7,132.4 1,255.7 1.3 Other Agricultural Crops 203.5 338.2 394.2 604.7 861.2 | 806.1 1,029.0 1 ,107.8 1,603.2

2.0 Commercial 1,826.0 2,623.3 4.028.- 1 5 ,723.3 8,?Zl.q J 10,18-r.1 t2,l2o.4 t5 ,262 , I 17 ,364.7 (4r.6) (47 .7\ (45. 5) (48 .0) (sl.2) I (18 5) (48.0) (48 .5) (49.7\ 2.1 Export Tradinc ., 975.1 | ,469.7 I ,500. I 2,067 .4 2 ,',744 .9 I 3 ,086. e 3,591.5 5,005.5 5 ,992.1 2,2 ImportTrading 383.5 702.9 | ,339.9 1,664.2 ?,s?'!.q | 2,6qs.4 3 ,47O.2 4,517 .l 4,126.4 2.3 Other 467 .4 650.7 733.1 845 .3 3 ,499 .O | 4,409 .0 5,058.6 5 ,739.5 7 ,246,1 3.0 trndustrial 998 .8 1.272.9 2,79C.5 2,708.7 3,2r9.q | 3,851.3 5,098 5 6 ,830.7 7 ,274.8 (23.e) (21 .5) (24.8) (22.7) (Ie.0) I (18.4) (le 8) (2r.7) (2O.7) 3.1 Mechanical Procersing of Agricultural Commoditiest* 23.9 19.9 35. I 51 .1 87 .2 | 151 .3 220.7 321 .5 294.1 3.2 Other Manrrfacturing 974.9 | ,253.0 2,155.4 2,657 .6 3,168.8 | r.ZOr.O 4,877 .8 6,509 .2 6,924.6 4.0 Engineering and Construction 84 .9 72.1 19.1 225.6 327 .O I s63.7 854. 5 964.6 1,137 .3 (2.0) (r.2) (0.e) (l.e) (r.e) | (2.1) (3.4) (3.0) (3 .3) 5.0 MiningiFishing 39.7 42.6 126.1 148 .4 254.'t I zOs.6 218.3 238.O 252 7 (1.0) (0.7) fl.4) (l 3) (l .s) I (t .0) (0. e) (0.7) (0.7) 6.0 Financial 138.7 131 .5 22r.4 229.5 447.3 I 301.1 5s0. 5 7 tt.1 787.6 (3.3'l (2.2) (2.s) (l .9) (2.6) | rt.+) (2.2) (2.3) (2.3\ 7.0 Tourism | 294.3 455.0 606 8 700.2 | (l.4) (l .8) (l.9) (2.0) 8.0 Housing 181.9 2r2.4 296.5 436.2 769.3 | 1,181 .4 I,539.0 1,982.4 2,519.5 (4,4) (3.6) (3.3) (3. ?) (4.5) (5 6) (6. l) (6 .3) (7 .2) ,'

Item 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984s

Government Receipts 6,686 l t ,688 t2,730 l4,068 t6,228 r?lor- 25,2tO 37 ,731 Income Tax :: :: 937 I,t03 t,357 2,086 2,029 2:923 3.367 5,480 Business Turnover Tax 7tl I ,143 | ,t s 1 ,640 2,829 4,051 6.224 8 ,144 Receipts from Sale of FEECs | ,t57 329 7 2f )), 7 Import Duties 518 | ,469 ) )1r 2,gr5 3 t226 " 4,836 ,945 Exoort Duties 620 4,276 4,168 3 ,638 3,685 2,{84 2,459 3,175 Selective Sales Tax | ,407 1,884 I ,907 | ,878 2,018 2,273 3,230 5 ,786 Cross Receipts from Trading Enterprises 4'16 629 755 | ,057 I,145 | ,31I | ,862 865 l,3lc 3,il1 3,704 Others 484 737 812 I ,099 20t Interest & Dividends from Corporations & Public Institutions 317 159 216 260 t{2 672 | ,634

I 7 20,339 --tJ:z 29,486 --rs.z88-- 4r,838 5 I ,404 2.O GovernmentPayments E,8r3 ,68E )1 11) 2.1 CuiiirriPiv-.ntt .: .. 6,5t2 l0,47 I I I ,525 13,462 t6,155 20,o4'l 27 ,525 3,986 5,010 5,837 6,823 8,500 | 0 ,067 12,224 2.1.t Purchase ofgoods and scrvices 3,016 ( 5n{ 2-1.1.1 Administration 998 I ,668 2,161 2,438 2 ,850 3,739 4.273 2.1-1.2 Social Services I ,367 1,56r 1,837 2,218 2,s6l 3 .O97 3,756 4,288 680 734 2.1.1.3 Economic Services . 212 24t 35E 431 492 620 2.1.1.4 Gross Payments of Trading Entcrprises 458 505 638 734 902 1,121 I,3{3 I ,665 2.1.1.5 lntra-Governmental Payments t0 l0 l0 ll t8 t7 t7 33 2.1.2 Transfer Payments . 3,466 6,48.r 6,5t5 7,626 o llt | 1 ,447 l3,665 l5,301 2,t61 2,321 305 3t0 93 8l 90 2.1.2.1 Cross Food Subsidy |,424 1 L1) 2.1.2.2 Inrerest on Public Debt 1.013 t,368 I,695 1 )11 3 ,85? 5,113 6,624 2.1.2.3 Pensions 414 457 519 718 903 I ,416 I,Er3 2: iso 2-1.2.4 To Public Corporations 146 I,081 920 I ,583 1 ,350 1,69? | ,958 1,861 2.1.2-5 Others 46) 1,4t6 995 2,743 2.9t3 3,1:8 3, r88 3,698 2.2 Capital Payments 2,216 5.47s 7 70t 12,o29 I I ,843 l6 .325 r7, r83 20,963 2.2.1 Acquisition, Construclion and Maintenance of Real Assets 1,t22 ) ))) 3,863 4 ,968 3,927 4,712 s,633 6,'142 I 3 2.2.2 CapitalTransfers 937 2 ,590 3 ,438 6,2s4 7,347 1 o,835 1 0 ,750 ,576 2.2.2.1 PublicCorDorations 868 2,O70 I t) 6,086 7 ,174 l0,653 to ,422 13.334 2 2.3 Acquisition oj Financial Assets 135 663 492 807 569 718 801 646 2.3 Net Payment of Advance Account Corporations 66 1.742 I n)) 3,040 |,488 - t ,084 923 2,916 3.0 Net Cash Surplus (*)/Deficit (-) -6,0c0 -7 ,609 -t4,112 -r6.628 4.0 Financing the D€ficit 4.1 Nel Cash Receiots or Pavments 2,618 5,942 7 ,637 l4,84{ 13,296 17 ,794 t7 ,274 12,967 2,239 807 1.2 Domesric Non-Market B-orrowings and Repayments 505 280 9tE -,187 363 1 '654 4.3 Domestic Markea Borrowin!s and Repaym€nls 858 |,7to 2,982 9,195 s ,331 8 ,010 5,250 2,374 4.4 Foreign Finance t,25s 3 ,9s3 3 ,738 6, r35 I,OVZ 8, 121 9,786 9,785 1.5 Changes in Cash Balances -492 58 -28 -Jd -3r5 -694 666 5.0 Public Dei,t Outstanrling (Nct) 22,434 27 ,746 3t 512 46 ,719 58,659 -? I 2so- 86,423 95 ,741 5.1 Domestic I | ,64t r3,t63 l5 671 24,502 29,487 36,6s3 40,398 42,060 5.1.1 Treasury Bills 2,500 r 6? s 3 000 9,810 | 3 ,920 1 7 ,320 17,400 t4,860 5.2 Foreign l0,594 t4.582 l5 841 )) )17 29,172 34,s97 46,O25 53 .68 t Notes: 1.2 Includes Bank Debit Tax. Soslci Cental Bank oiCeylon. 1,6 Duty on counary liqum, tobacco taL, tea tax, betting tax and lottery tax. 1,7 Namely Railway, Broadcfsting, Electricity, Post and Tlecommunication Services and Port Commissioo. 4.1 Resulting from loan operations and grants. 4.2 Includes sundry loans. I Provisional. gN 8.8 GOVERNMENT CURRENT PAYMENTS - 1981 8l In MiIUon Rupees

1984.

1.0 Current Payments l.l CivilAdministration 774.6 1,359.5 | 1,980.2 2,370.9 Defence ,773.7 3,253.4 3293.6 4.230.5 1.2 223.9 308.7 393.4 4s7 .8 479.2 4E6.0 1.3 Education 979.1 1',274.6 860.2 982.2 1,132.3 I ,388.2 | ,599.4 2,012.5 2,324.2 2,572.3 L4 Health 454.7 518.4 623.3 740.O 857. 5 953.4 |,267 .6 I ,535.0 1.5 Housing 4.8 5.4 6.5 6.9 7.3 8.7 1.6 Special Welfare Services 10.7 ll.9 27.8 31.6 4.8 49.6 54.6 66.3 7s.3 85.9 1.7 Community Services 19.5 23.8 30.2 33. I +a,J 1.8 Agriculture and Irrigation 56. 3 78.0 82 .5 ll 3.0 135.0 209.6 2s5.3 281.6 320.5 43r.2 1.9 Fisheries 8.2 459.5 9.8 11 .3 13.1 13.6 37.2 21 ,4. 19.9 l.l0 Manufacturing and Mining 27.0 27 .5 34.8 33.1 46.0 Trade 113.9 60.6 57.2 l.ll 23.2 25.6 27.9 44.4 42.2 52.9 1.12 Communication ,10. 53.2 73.3 8 43.5 74.8 90.9 r08.7 96.2 I l. I t3.4 123.8 3 Enterprises 457.9 504.E 637. 8 733.6 90t .8 | .5 | l.l4 ts ,126 ,342.5 | ,664.6 9.9 10.0 10.0 10.5 t7 .6 16.5 16.5 33 .0 1.15 1,424.1 2,162.7 2,321 .0 304.6 309.8 1.1 6 93.0 81.2 90. I I ,013.1 I ,368 .3 1 2,276.7 3 Pensions ,695.4 ,856,6 5 ,ll2.g 6 ,624.2 7 ,472.3 l.l7 4t 3.8 457 .0 578. 8 717.9 903.4 1.18 Households 1,416.1 7,812.9 2.r80.3 322.8 | ,253.6 727 .5 2.378.4 ', \1) 1 2,632.2 2,579.6 3,050.6 1.19 Other Transfers 292.5 | ,243.4 I,187.1 1:e48.s I,690.1 2,192.4 2,s67 .O 2,507 .9 2.0 Total Government Current Payments 6.51 I .8 9 ,470.9 11 ,524.6 13,462.8 16,154.7 20,016.5 23 27 3,0 Total Government Expenditure 8;812.8 l7 .7 20,339.3 ,732.2 ,525.2 ,687 28,532.3 29,485.5 35,297 ,4 4l , g 4.0 Current Payments/Government Expenditure ( ,g3g 5l ,404.1 /.) 73.9 53.5 56.7 47 .2 54. 8 56.8 56.7 53.5 * Provisional. Source: Central Bank ofCeylon. 82 8.9 GOVERNMENT CAPITAL PAYMENTS I9TI-1984 In Million Rupees

Item

1.0 Capital PaYments 1.1 CivilAdministration 90.2 257.O 400.0 626.3 518.7 1,040.4 716 .8 843.3 522.6 1.2 Education t16,4 157.3 258.5 457 .5 421.3 47t.4 506.7 .O 186. I 1.3 Health 43.4 178 .9 380 .9 601 .8 l4l.4 r74.1 777 90.6 1.4 Housing 42.8 250.7 574.5 73.3 12.r 157 .l 69.2 10.2 20.4 1.5 Special Welfare Services l5.l 5.0 8.4 25.2 18.5 25.9 73.4 60.3 1.6 Community Services 2r.7 22.1 5E.8 90. 8 78.3 7t.l I 1.7 Agriculture and Irrigation 336 .0 360.0 567 .l 909.7 857. I 1,036.4 | ,526.6 ,419.9 92.2 67.8 1.8 Fisheries 2r.4 3f .4 70.8 172.4 119 .0 133.8 164.1 1.9 Manufacturing and Mining 12.7 26.7 5l .l 5l .l 87 .6 45.7 167 .s 24.3 24.4 l.l0 Trade 9.8 175.5 38.1 16.2 6.4 2t9.4 2,389.5 l.ll Communications 445.7 754.6 1 ,403.7 1,645.5 I ,338 .9 1,347 .9 I ,606.6 t3 l.12 Capital Transfers 936.6 2,590.1 3,437 .8 6,254.1 1 ,346.7 10,834.7 ro J4.9.9 ,575.6 t.13 Acquisition of Financial Assets 135.3 663 .0 492.4 806.7 569.3 718. I 800.6 646.2 t7,183.2 20,963.3. 2.0 Total Government Capital Payoents 2,235 .5 5,474.8 7 ,792.8tc 12,029.1 I I ,843 .0 16,325.6+ 35,287.4 4l 5l I 3.0 Total Government Expeniliture 8,812.8 17 ,687 .7 20,339.3 28,532.3 29 ,485.5 ,838.8 ,404. 40.8 4.0 Capital Payments/GovernmentErpenditure (%) 2s.37 30. 95 38. 3l 42.16 40.17 46.26 4r.07 Central Bank ofCeylon. I Detailed breakdwn of Rs 953.5 million in 1984 Rs 49.1 million in 1982 and Rs. 50.? million ia 1979 are trot available' Source: " Provisional. 8.IO FOREIGN ASSISTANCE 1976 - 1984 83 In M'llion Rupect

1981 1994.

1.0 Foreign Loans anil Grants | ,381 .2 3,876.0 3 ,769 .8 6,135.5 7 ,607.5 8,403.9 9,672.2 10,665.7 2.0 Foreign Loans 730.5 880.7 3,215.3 2,379.4 3,5t6.0 4 ,880.1 5,O27.7 6,199.5 7.372.6 2.1 I.B.R.D. 0.7 -5. 8 -7.9 2.9 -21.9 _27 .r '-28.9 2.2 A.D.B. 57 -19.2 -26.2 .l 88 .6 412.1 128.2 50.9 t47 .7 266.3 382.6 820.7 2.3 I.D.A. 29.2 r20.2 166.4 180.6 359. 6 515 .9 1,096.I 1 ,432.O | ,993.7 2.4 U.A.E. 92.9 0.6 -4.8 _)) < 0.P.E.C. -10,2 -39.4 2.5 64.8 16.3 22.1 183.6 110.8 56.3 s4.r 2.6 I.M.F 189.2 599.3 520.6 8.2 43.6 -242,7 2.7 r.F.A.D. 44.1 67.8 4l .8 2.8 Euro Currency 38 .3 8r.3 897. 5 | ,517 .7 836.4 340.6 595.0 2.9 Developed Countries 407.6 3 690 | ,716.7 | ,483.2 I,590.3 2,281 .4 2,704 0 4. 2.10 Socialist Countries ,0s9. I 4,705.9 60.4 -171.3 -69.2 -124.2 -171 .8 221 .s 32.0 -54.3 2.ll Developing Countries 82.6 93.9 191 .7 -31.2 t09.4 224.0 -31 .8 -30. 3 1a 64.1 3,0 Foreign Grants 366. 5 500. 5 660.7 l,39O.4 2,619.5 2,721 .3 3,376.1 3,412,7 3 ,293.1 3.1 r.M.F. 37.0 74.4 102. I 3.2 Colombo Plan (a) 49.3 7s.3 128.4 40.2 52.1 3.3 United Nations 214.5 99.0 19.9 33.8 86. 3 27i 214.6 3.4 European Econcmic Community 5.4 29.0 69.9 r9.7 32.7 51.4 95.0 294.4 135.3 rt0.4 35.2 3.5 DevelopedCountries 46.9 265.7 4t7 .7 | 2 ,126.0 ,120.3 2,361 .6 J,O24.6 3 ,269.5 3,012.7 3.6 SocialistCountries 4.2 20.0 7.8 45.5 8.9 3.7 Developing Countries 15.0 0.5 46,8 3.8 Others 11.0 20.8 16.7 19.2 37 .6 1.6 l7 .O 175.3

(a) Australia, Canada, Japan, New ?-ealand, Sowce : C;entral Bank of Ceylon. . Provisional. 84 8.1I PRIVATE REMITTANiCES I'ROM ABROAD 19t1- 1984

Rs. Million S.D.R. Million Percentage Share Country 19t3

53.4 s4.2 54.3 l. Middle East 2,044.3 t,2l2.g 3 ,751 .l I 4,156.3 90.2 I'10.0 46.2 | 24.5 17.4 14.3 2. E.E.C. Countries l,116.2 1,477 .7 | ,203.2 | I ,091 .4 49.2 il.4 25.2 l 10.7 13.6 t6.7 3. North America 631 .1 @r.7 939 .0 | | ,274 .l 27.8 28.0 r4.2 | 2.8 2.9 4. Other European Countries 170.7 168.0 258.7 | 221 .l 7.5 7.3 3.9 | 2.8 3.1 5. South East Asia 89.3 158 .6 200.5 | 236.4 3.9 6.9 2.0 | 2.6 3.7 3.5 6. Far East Asia 135 .5 113.4 t95.2 | 270.9 6.0 4,9 3.1 | r.9 2.9 ', 1 2.4 7. South Asia 31.0 2r.7 r48.3 | 180.3 1.4 3.6 5.9 o.7 | 1.4 1.0 8. Australasia 76.2 83. I 65.5 | ta.t 1.4 0.9 2.6 r.7 | 0.3 1.0 0.7 9. Central Africa 89 .8 59.5 64.t | 54.7 4.0 2.6 2.6 2.0 | 1.0 0.9 0.7 10. South Africa 23.2 44.8 57.8 | 57.6 1.0 2.O 2.4 0.5 | 0.8 0.8 0.1 I l. North Alrica 14.4 18.6 10.0 | r0.9 0.6 0.8 0.4 0.3 i 0.3 0.2 12. Soviet Block 2.7 2.8 6.1 | 7.6 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 | ... 0.1 0.1 13. Latin America 0.8 1.4 2,1 | r.6 0.1 0.1 0.2 14. Other 4.6 19 .5 14.0 | r3.4 0.2 0.E 0.6

Total 4,429.8 | 6,023.7 6,915.6 293.5 100.0 | 100.0 100.0 Central Bank of Ceylon, 8.12 COMPOSITION OF PUBLIC DEBT 1977 _ 1984 85

In l\tillion Rupees

Item 1977 1978 1979 19E0 1981 1982 I984 1.0 Foreign Loans 11.436.0 15,280.5 I6,381 .3 22,596.6 29 ,172.1 34,597 .3 46,025.1 53 ,680. 8 l.l InternationalAgencies* I ,583. I 2,14/..6 2,443.3 3.292.9 4,453.1 5,97O.6 8 ,895.7 12,101.6 t.2 u.s.A. 2,642.O 3 ,153.0 3 ,684. 8 4;e66.0 6,185. I 7,282.7 9 ,521 .2 l1 ,450.4 1.3 U.S. Development Loans Fund 3.4 2.7 1.4 Canada 561 .3 652.6 769.1 | ,262.9 | ,923.9 2,172.5 3.001 .2 3 '6s2.O.2u .5 1.5 People's Republic of Clrina 526.5 542.6 482.2 523.r 191.0 801 .4 874..7 1.6 U.S.S.R. Line of Credit 190.2 207.1 206.7 216.7 186.8 162.6 152'4 12s.0 1.7 Bank of [ndosuez (8. F. C. E.) France 34.6 1,8 Ksedittransalt Loans (West Germany) | '423.4.374.1 | ,941 .0 2,295.2 2,457 .5 2,258.6 2,197 .7 3,207 .8 3,667 .O 1.9 France 452.4 505.7 557.8 810. 2 894.2 | ,044.8 1,094.8 1.10 Italy 19.2 r 6.8 l7 .2 t7 .4 15.2 2.4 1.11 Japan | ,469.9 2,281 .4 2,143.2 3,222.5 3 ,776.5 4,688 .0 6,149.7 6 ,730.9 1.12 Government of India 308.2 451 .5 5M.8 729,8 656.6 632.6 680. 3 516.5 l.l3 German Democratic Republic Linc of Credit 86.8 s9.2 30. 8 31 .9 23.8 16.2 12.7 7.2 1.14 The Government of the U.K. 781.0 784.2 5.0 3.1 l.l5 Manufactures Hanover Trust Company 229.0 560. 6 1.16 Denmark to7 .7 131.7 126.s r83J 2t0.9 191.5 188.6 r70. 1 1.17 Hungary 8.1 8.8 8.3 8.8 6.7 4.8 5. t 2.1 1.18 Iran 497 .9 34r.1 185.3 1.19 Netherlands 83.8 479.9 693 .0 862.5 l,4ll.5 |,556.2'259.8 1.694.2'275.4 | ,54.2.4 1.20 United Arab Emirate 190.7 193 .0 196.1 234.9 260.4 248.7 1.21 Kuwait 219.3 287 .O 309.5 400.7 468.0 457 .9 485.2 4.69.2 1.22 Socialist People's Libiyan Arab Jamahiriya 233.4 229.O 223.1 198.6 1.23 OPEC Special Fund 126.O l4l .6 141 .1 188.5 410.5 540. l 693.7 784.7 1.24 I.M.F. Trust Fund 779.3 | ,370.2 2,187 .O 2.506.1'129.2 2,600. 0 3 ,003 .7 2,904.7 l.2s I.F.A.D. 5l .l 176.7 a An A 340.5 4L1)) 1.26 Euro Currency 900.9 2 ,568.7 3,517.8 5.329.0'120.1 t.27 lr-aqi Fund Loans 99.9 ltf .4 ll1 .9 122.7 1.28 Switzerland 5.3 5.0 157 .3 213,4 1.29 Salomon Brothers Incorporated New York 305.5 517.1 ,538. I 1.30 Saudi Arabian Fund 0.6 72,0 274.l l.3l Skandinaviska Enskilda Bankers-Sweden 55 .5 332.3 591.6 2.0 Domestic Loans 1o,997 .9 12,465.1 24,175.O 29,487.0I 36,652.71 40 ,398. I1 42,059.8t 2.1 Rupee Loans 7 ,839.8 8 ,845.0 12,734.4 l3 ,685.4 16,877 .7 19 ,997 .2 23,O50.4 2.2 Treasury Bills 2 ,500.0 2,635.O 9,800.0 13,920.0 17,320.0 17 ,449.0 14,860.0 2.3 Central Bank Advances 617 .4 955.5 |,627 .6 | ,536.4 2,140.3 2 ,794.5 4 ,043.2 2.4 Tax Reserve Certificates 40.6 29.s 12.5 10.9 lo.7 9.9 9.6 2.5 National Development Bonds 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 96.3 3.0 Total Net Public Debt 22.434.1 27 ,745.7 46,779.0 58 -659 .2 7l .2s0.1 86.423.2 95 -74.0.6 . IBRD and ADB loans * IDA Credit, Source : Central Bank of Ceylon, f Includes administrative borrowings amounted Rs. 324.8, 304.0,196.1and 96.3 Million. 86 8.13 OWNERSHIP OF RUPEE SECURITIES AND TREASURY BILLS 1980-1984

Rupee Securities (a) Treasury Bills Owners r9E0 1981 1982 1983 tg84 r980 rgul t982 19E3 1984 l. Bank Scctor 577 .8 634.9 726.3 I ,105.6 994.7 9 ,612.5 13 ,773.5 17 ,172.1 l7 .265.O 13,323 .6 I Central : . .1 Bank 64.4 57 .5 46.1 45.1 45.1 9,604.5 l3,760.8 16,592.7 l7 ,257 .2 13,320.0 1.2 Commercial Banks 513.4 577 .4 680.0 I ,060.5 949.6 8.0 12.7 580.0 7.8 3.6 2. Non-Bank Sector l7 ,033 .2 19,390.6 25 ,O74,1 30,848 .0 32,232.6 I87.5 146.s 147 .3 135.0 | ,536.4 2.1 Employecs' Provident Fund 4,764.1 <11)) 7 ,730.4 8,894.0 10,867 .9 1.5 5.0 2.2 Othcr Providcrt Funds. . 816.5 844.1 860.6 883 .5 921 .8 63 8.9 5.9 6.0 1.3 2.3 Sinking Funds 4,858 .6 5,867.1 7 ,876.1 10,315.6 9,085.7 Savings 2.4 Institutions 4,822.2 5,095 .0 7 ,425 ,3 9 ,174.5 9 ,831 .4 1 ,379 .5 2.5 Insurancc Corpoiation. . 1 ,475.7 | ,514.1 | I ,340.9 | ,241 .3 2.6 Insurancc Companics . . 69.0 64.5 '519.t 42.3 42.O 4; 2.7 2i 2.6 2.7 2.7 Dcpartmcntal and Othcr Official Funds. . 148.1 156.8 150.8 143.6 136.2 175 .5 129.7 138.5 126.2 137 .2 2.8 Othcr State Corpora- trons 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.2 30.1 7.5 2.9 Othcr 76.6 74.6 70.5 5l .4 76.2 0.2 0.2 o.2 0.2 8.2

Total r7 ,6ll .o 20,025 .5 25,800.,1 3l ,953 .6 l7,61I .0 9,800.0 13,920.0 77 ,32O.O I7,400.0 14,860.0

(a) Rcfcrs to rrrpce loans only- Source : Central Bank ofCeylon. 8.14 END OF PERIOD EXCHANGE RATES I9N 87 - '984 (Sri Lanka Rupees pcr [Jnit of Foreign Currency)

Country Currency Nov.15 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 l9E2 1983 19E4 1977

1. Australia Dollar 9.5542 17 .7462 17.8339 17.1084 21 .1617 23.1218 20.9085 22.3375 2r .7533 2. Austria Shilling o.5273 1.0254 l,t7t5 r.2524 r .3333 1.2945 1 .2791 r.2890 t .1910 3. Belgium Franc 0.2416 0.4737 0.5389 0.5532 0.s714 0.5359 0.4573 0.4460 0.4160 4. Canada Dollar 7 .6733 14.2125 13.0684 13.1O.5 15.1573 17 .3s72 17 .2074 20 .0811 19.8903 5. Denmark Krone I .3930 2.6945 3 .0555 2.8989 2.9975 2.7874 2.5502 2.5133 2.3360 6. Federal Rep. of Germany Doutsche-Mark 3.7692 7 .4250 8.5535 9.0000 9.2125 9.0665 8.9806 9.1050 8.3495 7. France Franc r.7ffi1 3.3220 3.74fi 3.8600 3.97s0 3.5800 3.1726 2.9744 2.7276 8. Hong Kong Dollar r.8162 3 .3698 3.2312 3.1258 3.4989 3.6A02 3 .2851 3.2123 3 .3590 9. India Ruoec l.o2r4 I .8500 l .9065 r .9400 22n5 2.2063 2.rs97 2.3531 2.1192 10. Italy Lira 0.0097 0.0178 0.0r88 0,0192 0.0194 0.0r70 0.0156 0.0150 0.0135 ll. Japan Yen 0.034r 0.0649 0.0804 0.0645 0.0836 0.0933 0.0912 0.1071 0.1050 12. Kuwait Dinar 30.0030 30.5219 57 .029? 56.3645 66.1886 72.8853 13.5692 85.3825 86.288 13. Malaysia Ringgit 3.5376 6.5737 7.0302 7.0670 8.1374 9.1629 9 .t719 10.6883 r0.8326 14. Netherland . . Guilder 3.5126 6.8698 7.8886 8.1482 8.4626 8.2613 8 .1 173 8 .0985 7.385i 15. New Zcaland Dollar 8.r|&l9 15.9784 16.55,<4 t5 .661i l7 .2449 16.8767 15 .62_97 16.2838 12.7746 I6. Norway Krone I .5576 3.0405 3.1075 3.1259 3.4796 3.51?-8 3 .0349 3.229r 2.9821 17. Pakistan Rupee 0.8658 | .5879 1 .6529 I .5605 1.8228 2.0428 1 .6333 l 8405 | ,7219 18. Philippines Peso 1.1556 1.1130 2.1079 2.1336 2.3920 2.5333 2.3457 1 .7844 | .3219 19. Saudi Arabia Riyal 2.4320 4.4483 4.6684 4.5848 i 5.4046 6.0097 6.1968 7 .1423 7 ,3397 20. Singapore Dollar 3.5617 ( .6724 7 .1666 7 .1455 .$ 8 .5743 10.2317 10.0911 1l .7481 i2.0550 21. South Africa Rand 9.7888 18.0203 t7 .8114 I 8 .6885 24.2t82 2r.249r I 9 .6353 20.5050 14.3090 22. Swcden Krone 1 .1814 3.3283 3.6290 3.7302 4.1209 3.6861 2.9286 3.1095 2.9314 23. Switzerland Franc 3 .8r 60 7 .7625 9.6036 9 .7753 10.1839 lr .4230 10.7001 lt .4312 lo.r29l 24. Unlted Kingdom .. Pound r 5 .5255 29.8525 31.6705 34.5650 42.6955 39.0965 34.6130 3-5 .8938 30.5111 25. U.S.A. Dollar 8.9990 15.5600 15.5050 15.,1450 18 .0000 20.5500 21 .7200 25.0000 26.28@ 26. United Arab Emirates Dirham 2.1959 3.9897 4.0378 4.1017 4.9013 5 .5956 5 .8048 6.8066 7 .1559

Source : Central tsank ofCcylon. t From 16th Novornbor 1977 , the Sri Lanka Rupee was allowed to float and daily buying and selling rates of major currencies for telegraphic transfers by Commrrcial Bauks were announoed by the Central Bank ofCeylon. 88 9.r TRANSPORT: SRI LANKA COMPARED WITH SELECTED COUNTRIES-l980

Sri Itenr Unit Lanka Burma Egypt India Indonesia Japan Malaysia Pakistan Canada U.K u.s.A.

1.0 Motor Vehicles l.l Passenger Cars per 1,000 Pcrsons No. 9.09(r) r.23 10.25 n.a. 4.32 202.59 n.a. 3.47 428.37 n a 520.34 1.2 CommercialVchicles l) pcr 10,000 Persons No. 7.g3( t.27 3.08 n.a. 3.78 tt2.97 n a. I .33 123.44 n a t46.76 2.0 Railway 2.1 Passenger Kilometrcs Mn. 3 ,473 10,995 208,559 6,099 313,340 I ,587 17 ,315 2,992 31 ,700 77 ,695 2.2 Nst Ton Kilometres Mn. '?'tr!:rl"l n.a. n.a. 147.652 96r 39 ,307 1,195 8,516 228,120 t7 ,640 ,341,717 3.0 Shipping 3.1 Marchant Shipping Fleets GT.'000 93 88 556 5,911 | ,412 4.0,960 702 478 3,190 27 ,135 18,464 3.2 Vcssels Entered MT.'000 6 ,165 | ,741 n.a , n .4. n.a. 353,314 34,132 8,694 n.a. n.a. 320,684 3 .3 V:ssels Cleared MT.'0C0 3,514 I ,785 n.a. n.a. n.a. n.a. 34,072 3,491 n.a. n.a. 269,660 4.0 Ciril Aviation 4.1 Passengcrs Carried '000 n.a. |,270 I 922 4,499 1,822 I ,501 5,530 18,266 25,723 4.2 Kilometres Flown Mn. n.a. 26.9 42.7'668 24.3 150. I 2t.7 36 .8 114.2 368.4 542.9 4.3 Passcngcr Kilo:netres Mn. n.a. 2,536 6,765 2,774 22,254 2,916 4,522 16,228 54,011 82,639 4.4 Frcight Ton Kilometres Mn. n.a. 28.6 321.7 85.0 I ,608.7 94.6 220.2 413.8 | ,420.0 3 ,378.6 4.5 Total Ton Kilometres .. Mn. n.a. 268 966 337 3 ,778 384 643 1 ,943 6,502 11,316

(l) l9E4 Source; UN - Statistical Year Book - 1981. 9.2 ROAD KILOMETREAGEI 1976_1983 89

Roa il Kilometreage Classifi cation D Unspecified Total

5,178 9,295 6,846 790 1,163 26,797 3 ,557 5,178 9.294 6,850 793 I,158 26,831 3,754 4,914 l0 , 170 7 ,8 l() 647 290 27 ,58s 5 ,078 lo ,597 1a9 591 264 28,O25 3,754 5 ,082 lo,642 7 ,266 677 7t2 28,133 3,798 5 ,059 t0,856 7,606 1,178 284 r 't 28,?8 4,05C 5.4r3 0,509 7,63s 7t4 115 28,336 4 ,0i0 4,875 t0,409 5 ,418 114 25,466..

District Dishibution of Road Kiiometreage by Distrlcts - 1983**t

I Colombo 10r.72 179.85 2. Gampaha 336.67 126.11 744.35 143.30 492.36 428.27 441.59 t 52 3. Kalutara 80.48 263.50 ,505. 4. Kandy 474.51 202.32 I ,020.81 17t.66 486. 8 3 1 5. Matale ,15 1 .63 58 9l 96.36 I ,96_5.34 104. 59 201 .65 36 6. Nuwara Eliya I .84 160.33 44.82 813.23 t2t.88 281.07 474.48 89.85 231.50 |,204.78 Galle 97.54 8. 242.85 474.61 286.O2 70.70 I t7t.72 Matara 134.52 162.O3 9. Ilambantota 322.17 196.88 51.70 867.30 I | 5.46 r08.5 1 10. Jaffna 29s.63 263 74 781.34 379.65 265.62 573. s8 2t3.90 ll. Mannar 70.40 1 ,433. 75 12. Vavuniya 64.23 146.5 I 202.82 481. 96 127 ,59 23.7s 133.39 228. s4 I J. Mulathivu 1t2.64 st3 27 t4. Batticaloa 55.81 220.89 150. t50 548.94 170.08 25 .50 208.54 r07.04 524.83 ls. Ampera 277.lO 132.30 16. Trincomalee 190.63 t5l .94 751.97 140.67 117.34 r98.35 80.94 17. Kurunegala 190.27 537.30 t8. Puttalam 434.31 749. t6 800.59 t4.i 2,193.24 155.82 t95.29 483 9s 179.15 16.2s 19. Anuradhapura 349.41 I,030.46 20. Polonnaruwa 222.56 868.09 678. 88 2, | 18.94 122.60 65.21 340.30 5t.29 579.40 2t. Badulla 194.85 306.39 595.38 2t2.79 ae. st 1 ,37 i.94 22- Monaragala 262.O2 48. 95 23. Ratnapura 406.12 246.13 96.r9 I ,059.41 278.45 245.62 5 r4.63 22.20 8.86 t,069.76 24. Kegalle 143.79 246.39 a1) 459.50 256.38 1 , 103.78 Total 4 ,050.49 4,874.92 I 0 ,408. 85 5,4r7.94 25,456.34 I Includes only road kilometreage figures mainrained by Deparrment of Higbrvays aoa o"j*t.dlJlffiiiil Sozrces.' Department i. Provisional. of Highways. f Includes only figure5 mrintained by Department of Highways. Department of Irrigation. "A" Class Allll roads withinwitbin the net work of Trnnk R^ad. .^nnF.ri the work of Trunk-Roads connecting the national capital with the provisionaltrovisional capitals and alsoatso connecting these capitals - Also included are other major (all with one and other. roads roads paved ano ultumm'iuriaCed ti,iirr Ci-.iiire"i,iv'u.-r*1,""way between 24z+ ft.rt. to 36 ft. anda platform widlhs 36 ft. to 56 ft.). "8" CIaSS i4oin :--^-r^-. . ..C', '^'i. ^^nn-^,i-' ^rL-- hinb-in the s-vstem (Metalled Clasi -_ trunk route and bitumen surfaced roads wirh 1-2 ft. to 24 ft. platform). ft. widlhwidrh and a platforoola width 22 mostly ..D,, Class _ of f.. metalled but with a small plrcentagl lrivett.al. "E ' Class - 90 9.3 MOTOR TR,ANSPORT 1975 _ 1984

Item

1.0 PrivateTransport

1.1 Private & Hiring Cars 91 ,729 93 ,769 97,010 103,895 114,453 13t,657 I 36,853 l4l ,730 1.2 Motor Cycles 22,773 23,384 24,435 29,690 45,087 107,550 121 ,845 I 38 ,637 2.0 Public Transport

2.1 Buses - SLCTB ll,698 11,956 12,859 13,466 14,212 15,000 15,024 15,579 I 6,100 16,425 2.2 PrivateCoaches | ,ll7 I ,lg6 1,264 I ,530 3,105 5,752 8,068 10,593 14,338 18,256 3,0 Lorry Transport 3.1 Lorries & Vans 34,438 34,689 35,512 40,386 46,649 55,838 63,479 69,705 77 ,714 85,701

3.2 Tractors Registered as Lorries 1,192 1,189 I ,185 1,207 1,206 1,245 | ,246 1,248 1,252 1 ,252 3,3 Others Registered as Lorries 135 135 184 235 274 364 420 432 436 450 3.4 Trailers (Lorries & Cars) 2,828 2,832 2,848 2,895 2,932 3,099 3,282 3,385 J ;'#+ J 3,571 4.0 Land Vehicles 4.1 Tractors 19,900 20,930 22,45O 24,982 32,043 37,588 39 ,471 42,329 46,406 50,068

4.2 Trailers 8,742 9 ,156 9,834 I I ,093 13,515 l7 ,208 18 ,145 t8,646 19,357 20,o75 4.3 Others* 421 434 44s 588 604 623 I ,868 I ,895 |,922 1,939

rlncludes Ambulances and Hearses. 9.4 SRI LANKA CENTRAL TRANSPOR.T BOARD 1975 - 1984 9l

Item

1.0 Operational 1.1 Passengers Transported Mn. | ,336 | ,436 1,529 | ,744 7 ,864 1 ,804 !,1q7 | 1 ,36t 7 ,218 I ,051* 1.2 Buses Scheduled (Average Daily) No. 5,O18 5 ,076 5 ,237 5 ,944 A )'1\ 6 ,322 6,506 6,518 5,974 (Average a d.)\ | 1.3 Buses Operated Daily) ,, 4,469 4 ,593 5 ,O97 5 ,376 5 ,669 5,494 | 5,512 5,54.1 5,062 1.4 Scheduled Km. Mn. 491 199 510 548 592 631 6t5 561 1.5 Operated Km. 396 399 403 455 482 5r7 4s7 417 2.0 Non Operated Kn. (f) 2.1 Engineering Defects Per ccnt 18.1 17.5 16.6 13.7 14.4 13 .5 2t'7 2s.0 26.O 2.2 O perational Defect s ,, 3.6 5.4 8.4 7.8 7.0 l.J '3:1 l) 3.0 Passenger Km. (2) Mn. I 3 ,387 14,651 75 ,366 77 ,927 19 ,265 79 ,774 14,4C0 14. 1))* 4.0 Seat Km. (3) 2l ,044 2l ,331 21 ,373 24 ,195 25 ,578 27 ,889 2t,,697 22,489* 5.0 Average Passenger Journey Km. 106 10.8 10.6 10.9 l1.l 12.2 tl.8 14.0 6.0 Load Factor (4) Per cenl 63.6 68.7 72.r 73.7 t).3 70.9 58.6 65.5* <1 1 7.0 Average Capacity ofVehicles operated No. 53.1 52.9 53.2 53.1 54.1 5 4.0 54.0 8.0 Average VehicleUtilization (5) 8.1 Scheduled Km. 267 269 267 270 273 275 258 )\1 8.2 Operated 243 24.6 24.O 244 245 249 226 225 9.0 Revenue 9.1 Way Bill Collection Rs.Mn. 625 686 736 908 1 ,054 7 ,467 7,6',17 | ,707 9.2 Sales of Season Tickets 2l 23 25 35 47 80 236 24.0*

(1) As a percentage of Scheduled Kilometres, Source: Sri Lanka CentralTransport Board. (2) Total Revenue/Average Fare per Kilometre. (3) x Average Capacity. (4) x 100 (5) Per bus per day. * Provisional. 92 9.5 SRI LANKA RAILWAYS I976_I9U

Iten

1.0 Rolling Stock

No 262 256 257 215 227 247 237 26 zo 26 t9 t9 l8 l5

t,081 I ,103 I,069 I,363 1 ,389 |,362 I ,366 99 92 99 99 75 'lo 'to

3,796 3,729 3,816 3,974 3 ,880 3,980 3,847 3 ,840 2CO 200 193 93 ll3 t05

2.1 Sroad Gause Km. |,394 |,394 |,394 |,394 l ,394 |,394 I ,394 2.2 Narrow Gauge l0l 60 59 59 59 59 59 3.0 Stations 3.1 Broad Gauge No. 157 158 158 158 t58 156 162 162 3.2 Narrow Ca-uge ll tl l2 t2 l2 r2 t2 t2 4.0 Sub-Stations - 92 94 96 97 98 102 105 108 5 ) 5 5 5 8 8 2l 2l 2l 2l j Mn. 28.8 28.5 36. l 41.9 37.9 27 .8 22.3 23.6 42.6 37.2 43.4 47.8 46.8 43.O 39.1 36.3

I ,879. E I,8t 1.9 2 ,488.3 2,736.8 2,530.7 I,916.0 |,322.s | ,273 | | ,126.2 981 .8 | ,220.5 I ,335. 7 I ,268. 3 1 ,2O5.2 1,124.7 l ,063 7 Rs. Mn. 90. 8 87.3 1t8.3 139.6 t83.0 209.4 218.5 207.3 230.0 23.7 21. 8 25.4 30.4 39.7 45.8 59. 5 70.3 77.O rvrri.'xm. 7.57 8 .86 7.1 7'6 8.O 8.4 7.7 6.t 5. I Mn. Tons l 5 1.4 1.8 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.5 t.5 1.6 Mn. 274.9 223.2 280.7 279.7 206.3 218 .8 216.E 223.7 261.8 Rs. Mn. 56.6 50. 3 63.5 t03 .2 97.1 89.2 92.9 124.1 t60.2 Mn. Km. 3.2 2.4 3.0 3.0 2.O 2.O Rs. Mn. t98. t 188.3 239.5 3t2.r 358.8 408.9 453 .3 447.2 532.0 256.9 268.2 300,5 420.3 536.4 644 I 75t.6 887.2 t078. I *;. 25,313 25 ,400 26,324 26,207 23,O37 23 ,00c 23 ,000 26,687 26,749

Notes: . Provisional. ,toarce.' Sri Lanka Railways. (o) Locomotives include all engines, steam and diesel and power sets and rail cars. (l) Number ofjourneys taken by passengers holding ordinary tickets (or numb€r of ordinary ticket holders), (2) Number of passengers travelled x distance travelled' (3) Number ofseason ticket holders multiplied by FORTY in and after 1974 (assuming that a season ticket bolder usually takes such number ofjourneys for a month). (4) Number of tons hauled x distaDce bauled, 9.6 AVIATIONT, 1974 - 1984 93

1.0 Scheduled Services Kilometres l.t Flown- -- '000 4,277 4,087 4,363 6,298 t0,088 t0,738 tt ,746 12,935 ttouri Ftown : 8 1.2 : No ,21t 7,965 7 ,797 l0,838 r s ,910 t5,875 l7 ,148 16,8s2 1.3 Passengers Carried .. 107,705 I r7,338 t27,699 l8t,013 416,520 576,584 616,i94 679,583 1.4 Fr€ighr Tons 790 653 802 931 3,781 9,568 I0,98 I l3 PasseDger Kilometres Flowtr 258,487 ,468 1.5 '000 269,814 304,6tl 412,791 r 2e ,060 | r22 ,se6 | 687 ;0 | I | ,43s ,859 1,951 ,6s2 2,132 ,700 2 1.6 Available Seat Kilometres 468,946 438 ,472,222 ,539 482,270 753,t6l 224,014 280,55s 11,106,640 2, 163,009 2,663 ,368 3, 102 1 3,721 Passenger | ,70 ,947 1.7 Load Factor 55. I 61.5 63.2 54.8 s7.61 s3.21 62.1 66.4 l t.5 1.8 Total Tonne Kilometres 68.7 66.4 Pcrformed 26,036 26,385 29,988 40,473 I I ,897 94,326 212,917 235,216 284,555 1.8.1 Passengers(IncludingBaggage)., 23.O17 24,0-56 27 ,330 38,010 I | ,3+9 76,3t2 141 ,725 188,t92 222,501 Freight (Including t

Unit 1981

1.0 Vessels Arrived - Colombo 1,770 I ,868 I ,888 I ,090 I ,899 I ,890 1 ,934 2,052 l.l Food Cargo Vessels 113 lo2 93 83 128 58 80 94 1.1.1 Tonnage I ,048.8 B6l .0 776 2 578.4 4t3.s 321 .2 522.6 381.5 1.2 General Cargo Vessels 591 833 851 1 ,007 962 I ,061 1,122 |,225 1.2,1 Tonnage 869 .0 I ,195. I I ,159.9 1,609 8 I,401 .8 | ,474.3 | ,987 .7 2,380.5 2.O Carlc Handlirl-Imports 2.1 Colombo Frt.T'000 1 -101.9.721.7 I ,895 .5 I ,936. I 2,229.8 | ,750.7 1 ,925.3 2 ,174.4 2,992.8 2.2 Galle 59. I 46.3 40.2 38.0 14.7 38 .4 37.0 2.3 Trincomalee 96 .8 7s.3 98.7 225.2 525.7 454.9 682.5 655 0 3.0 Cargo Handled - ExPorts 3.1 Colombo Frt.T'000 | ,009.7 | ,049.7 I ,069.6 | )754.1 1,144.9 | ,474.8 1,454,0 7 ,639.9 3.2 Galle 7.3 12.8 17.1 5.9 2.O 0.3 0.4 3.3 Trincomalee ,, 38.0 38.3 30.0 195.1 121 .4 230.r )q) ) 4.0 Vessels Owned bY CeYlon Shipping Corporation No. 8 8 8 8 8 l3 14 14 5.0 Round Voyages Performed 40 53 5l 58 67 109 ll0 12s 6.0 Length of ScheduledRoute Network rcmliooo 28.2 28.2 28.2 463.6 52s.2 833.3 942.7 1,022.0

7.0 Tonnage Lifted by CSC Fleet (a) 7.1 Outward Frt.T'000 193.6 233.2 153.1 262.9 356. I 49s.5 537 .4 733.2 7.2 Inward tt 211 .1 t73.4 129.3 357 .O 29s.9 335.8 52r.3 656.4

8.0 Personnel Strength No. 624 631 588 309 731 1,239 1.140-109 1,022 Exchange Saving Rs. Mn. 97 130 207 217 46 58 9.0 Net Foreign o/ 10.0 Return on Capital Employed 3l .0 44.4 39 38 26.2 11.0 Fleet Gross Block* Rs.Mn. 161 .1 161 .l l6l .l 161 .l l6l .1 | ,197 .0 2,199.4 n.a.

Ceylon Shipping Corporation. Sri Lanka Ports Authority. 10.1 SOCIAL INDICATORS: SRI LANKA COMPARED WITH SELECTED COUNTRIES-l98O 95

HongKong India Inilonesia Malaysia Pakistan Singapore Thailand

l. Literacy R:ate (7.\ 66 90 36 62 60 24 75 84 86 2. Ratio between Age of Gl4 & 15 and over (7.) 67 .4 34.3 67 .7 68.9 68.0 86.6 67 .7 35.6 74.8

3. Total Dependancy Ratio (2.) E6.6 41 .O 86.7 77 .6 8l .5 97.2 83.4 46.6 85.2

4. No. of Persons per Physician(o) 4,656 I ,387 3,600 11,530 3,473 3,480 1,136 1 ,222 6,839

5. No. of Persons per Hospital Bed I ,398 242 | 422 r.720 385 | ,779 689 299 654 6. No. of Daily News Papers per 1,000 Persons 10 309 l9 l8 174 14 2l 255 42 7. No. ofTelephones per 1,000 Persons 0.1 t< 0.3 0.3 1.3 29.4 0.8

E. No. of Television sots per 1,000 persons 221 2 l0 90 l0 2l r65 t7 g. Protein per Capita per Day(")lcrams; 47 65 78 50 5l 63 56 54 84 47 lO. Calorie per Capita per Day(o\Calories) 2,2N 2,450 2,750 2,050 2,380 2,680 2,220 2,420 3,290 2.350

I l. Economically Active Population/Total Population (%) ,10 47 38 34 34 27 35 40 45

(a) l98l Sonrce : ADB-Key Indicators-l984. (b) c. F. s. lesr/E2 (c) 1984 (d) le83 (o) 1982 96 rc2 GENERAL EDUCATION 196:_1984

1.0 Total No. ofSchools 9 ,683 9.726 9,794 9,789 9,9ol 9.941 l.l No.ofcovt.Schools i... 8,6-15 9,O7? 9,t17 9,521 9,544 9 t.t.l .. 6,932 3,6t8 4,ls6 4,673 4,623 3 t.1.2 'l ,723 5 ,41i4 4,961 4 ,848 4,92r 5 I .2 Other S ... |,o28 654 677 358 357 t.2.1 . 259 256 282 287 291 314 1.2.2 s ..: 725 - 3s2 158 34 '29 21 t .2.3 ls ... 14 46 37 37 ,37 17 2.0 Ctassifioation oiGoyt, Schools 2.1 Giade I A 58(c) 97 94 103 107 ,. , ,06 ' 109 2.2 Gradc I B I ,665(d) 3llt 323 372 363 J47 121' 2.3 Ctade I C 6,932G) |,o32 I ,053 1,243 I ,383 t ,334 |,344 .2.4 Giade2 - 3,974 3,994 3,9il 3,754 : 3,750 . 3,815 . 2. 5 Grade 3 3,65E 3 ,58E 3,488 3,9t4 4,OOf 3.983 3 0 School going populati4n 2,57t ,984 3,083,725 3,208,l9t 3 ,389 ,776 3 ,45t ,358 !,484,661 3,553,077 ' 3. I Govemment Schools 2,461 ,5O3 2,9eO,t05 3,135,716 3 ,28O,787 3,169 ,694 3 ,398 ,0s6 3 ,460,375 3.2 Oth€r Schools ilo ,481 93 ,620 72,475 t08,989 8l ,6@ 86,605 92,652 . 3.2.1 Pirivena Schools .2t,330 t9,882 n. a. 22,317 n. a. 24,7t2 28,O79 ! 3.2,2 Estate Sclrools 49,527 26,23O D, a. 3t ,664 n.a. 2,510 I ,869 3.2.3_ PrivateSbhools j ... 39,624 47.508 n, a. 54,978 n. a. 59 .383 62,7U 4.0 New Adrmissions 299,9O8 306,6s8 | 6st ,624 305,229 t&,552 323 ,196 338,629 345 ,l 56 5.0 Drop{uts (,_"2) 6.2 2.8 2.B',. 3.1 4.1 4.9

6.0 Toral NL. qf Techers (Govt.. &.Private) n,4. n. a, n, a. .142,2O7 t4t,t85 135.869 133,E02 l?4,2e9 l{q.190' 6.1 Ggrerttmont Teachers t05,950 I t3 ;379 I 19 ,590 r 38 ,488 136,tt4 t3l,656 129,ZtO 120 .480 l3s,sl4 6.1.1 Science Craduates |,3t9 I ,380 | ,436 2,321 2,238 2.230 2,488 2,486 2,801 6.1.2 Arts & Other Graduat6 lo ,343 t5,8t3 l7 ,7lo t8,2t8 lE,/149 l8,133 18,48O 1.9,229 72.996,. , 6.t.3, ,Diploma (Sciqnce & Iuaths) t55 255 299 22s t87 205 247 294 268- 62 . ' 6.1.4 Trained Teachers ,038 66 ,636 69,@6 72,707 -- 73 ,677 72 ,ls5 74,662 78,627 81,069 6.1.5 Orhers 32 ,095 29,295 39 ,539 45,017C) 12,163 3E ,933 33,333 28,844 28.380 6.2 Private & Other School TeacheN n. a. n. a. n. a. 3 ,719 4,471 4,211 4,592 4,8 t9 4,676 7.0 Pupil: Tmher Ratib (All Schools 25 23 24 26 26 ' 26,5 25.9 t.0 Govt. Expenditure on Eduetion (Rs. Mn.) '2,337rE E.l Cutrent Expenditure (Rs. Mn.) ... 869. 5 I,009.9 | ,284.O | ,473.5 I ,848. I 2 ,115.7 8.2 Capital Exptnditure(Rs. Mn.) ... 39.9 81 .2 122.7 168.3 152.6 l4l .3 ' 162r, I

* Provisional, Classificatlon ofschools from l97E are as follows : Sources : Ministry of Education. (a) Schools having classcs from Grade I to 8 Grade I A Schools having GCE (A.L.) Sciene classes and hostel facililies Central Baok ofCeylon. (b) Clcses conducted upto Grade 12 GradelB - (nohostclfacilities) (c) Central Schools GradelC - ,, Arts/Commereclas*s (d) Maha Vidyalayas Grade 2 - . classs up to Crade l0 or 6-9 (c) Vidyalayas Grade 3 , classes up to Grade 1 - 5 (f) Includine 5,239 ieachers on study leavc and abroad (g) Sch@ls having Class;s from K. G to Gradc 5 (b) Schools havini Classes up to Grade E, Grade l0 and Gradc 12 10.3 HIGHER EDUCATION 1977 - 1984 97 t Item 1977 1978 1979 1980 19El 1983 1984 1.0 Technical Education l.l No. of Technical Institutions 15 l8 20 20 2l 22 22 27 1.2 Intake (Full Time & Part Time) s.755 8,963 9,534 9,458 12,195 12,778 15.724 ts,724 1.3 Total No. of Students e;830 12.439 ll,152 14,492 18 ,460 t9 ,723 2r:730 21,690 1.3.1 Higher National Diploma and Prolessional I ,963 1.822 I .130 7 .450 3,794 4,059 3,92O 3,920 1.3.2 Di':loma Cuurse | ,736 2',069 r:r2s 3:r32 1,294 | ,176 923 923 1.3.3 Certificate Courso 4,l2l 4,848 5 ,375 9,059 l0,105 9.4r2 9,412 1.3.4 Trade Course 2,010 3,700 2,138 3,910 3,410 I ,880 6:8e0'575 I ,965 f .3.5 Other I ,384 903 2,513 5,570 2.0 AgriculturalEducation 2.1 No. of Agricultural Schools 9 l6 16 l6 3 3 J 3 2.2 No. of Students 700 940 l,lg4 949 559 527 501 412 3,0 UniversityEducation 3.1 No. of Universities 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 9 3.2 No. of Students 12,739 16,164 18.383 L7 ,O94 l8,l I 3 l8,103 18,496 17,932 3.3 No. of Teachers 2,O48 1,722 r:$e |,443 1 ,589 I ,887 2.030 n.a. 3.4 New Admissions 4,366 4.717 4,286 4,810 4,806 5,119 s:463 5,630 3.5 No, Graduated 2,965 3;850 3,372 3,295 2,899 3,560 3:es3 n.4. 3.5.1 Arts & Oriental Studies B.A./B.A. Special | ,431 | ,291 I ,650 1,273 I '128.585 I ,943 n,a. 3.5.2 Education 229 r44 153 9 n.a. 3.5.3 Commerce & Management Studies 554 298 367 325 307 527 664 n.a. 3.5.4 Law L. L. B. 43 58 45 46 49 t2 46 3.5.5 Science B. Sc. 338 334 ! 581 526 646 607 n.a, 3.5.6 Engineering B. Sc. (Eng.) 135 213 187 205 273 n.a. 3.5.7 Medicine M B. B. S. 59 178 176 158 237 237 348 299 3.5.8 Dental Surgery B.D.S. 49 l8 t8 42 37 n.a. 3.5.9 Agriculture B. Sc. 100 l0t 103 87 106 n.a. 3.5.10 Vet. Science BVSC. 57 32 28 23 25 n.a. 3.5.11 Architecture B. Sc. (BE) 12 t2 t2 29 )) 3.5.12 Applied Science l6 l9 t9 n,a.

4.0 Total Expenditure on Higher Education (Rs. Mn.) 59.9 103.3 167.3 306.7 28s.4 795.2 489.2 672.6 4.1 CapitalExpenditure 9.8 26.s 70.0 t79.4 148.1 223.2 252.2 404.3 4.2 Re-current iture 50. I 76.r 97 .3 t28.3 136.9 172.O 237.0 268.3 Sources : University Grants Commissicn. Dept. of Agriculture, Peradeniya. Central Bank of Ceylon. 98 IO.4 HEALTH I974_DA I Item

1.0 No. of Hospitals (Western Medicine)(a) 457 458 460 469 484 483 480 488 479 483 494

2.0 No. of Contral Dispensaries 356 355 351 3sl 3!e 369 347 340 338 334 336 3.0 No. of Doctors (Western) (6) 3,238 3,213 3,307 3,1E6 3,436 3,194 3,069 3,158 2,947 3,008 3,814

4.0 No. of Ayurvedic Physicians 10,402 10,600 l0,800 l0 ,91I l0,963 ll ,&7 lo,2o7 10,685 ll,531 12,M3 12,277 5.0 No. of Nurses 5,2S8 5,653 5,640 6,266 6,169 6,673 6,2n 6,805 6,931 7 ,214 7,216 ,5.0 No. of Attendants 5,339 5,339 4,717 5,058 5,339 4,534 4,525 4,883 4,932 4,690 4,705 7.0 In-patients treated ('000) 1,926 2,146 2,282 2,188 2,174 2,425 2,360 2,283 2,445 2,524 n.a.

8.0 Out-patients Visits ('000) 20,333 24,372 26,590 25,764 28,419 29,4O0 11 ,892 30,247 3l,696 30,72O n-4. 9.0 Imports of Pharmaceutical Products (Rs. Mn.) 44 69 59 8t t57 232 234 17r 334 378 n.a.

10.0 Total Ctrrrent Expenditure (Rs. Mu.) . . 292.4 324.4 38s. 8 454.7 5I8.4 623,3 740.0 857.5 953.4 I ,308.0 1)621 .0

11.0 Total Health Expenditure (Rs. Mn.) 329.5 410.8 499.3 498.1 697 .3 1,004.2 I ,341 .8 998.9 1,127.5 2,024.O I,751.0 12.0 Fanily Planning (No.) l2.l New Acceptbrs .. 7l ,927 7l ,308 88,215 74,890 76 ,1 80 92,156 l7l,l60 121 ,797 ll4,4El 759,G| 153,932 12.l.l Loops 29,693 32,1M 27,03O 28,321 23,085 20,197 19,232 14,833 l6,l l5 14,961 I 5 .385 12.1.2 Orals 25.597 27 ,514 3l ,146 30,394 29,296 22.189 26,231 32,229 32;020 12.1.3 Sterilization 42,234 39,164 3s;548 l9,055 2r .949 35,643 t12,926 76:633 61.924 t01 ,446 97.170 12.1.4 Injections 3:046 5,932 9,706 8:r42 r0;21 l I I ,005 e:3s7

Item

1.0 Pattents l.l Venereal Disease ('000) 113.8 9.8 rr7 .9 | 9.7 121.3 8.2 1.2 Malaria E03 .6 41.9 r,r27.6 I 3q.! 859.2 t49.5 1.3 l*prosy 208.9 33.7 r2.2 | 0.7 1.0t6.6' 0.2 1.4 T.B. 87.7 25.3 103.7 | r.o 76.8 2.6 1.5 Filariasis I ,379.0 4.4 1,379.8 | 3.9 I,358.6 3.3 2.0 Peisonnel Strength (No.) 2.1 Dogtors 68 2.2 Nurses 201 2.3 Others 5,058

Per Person Total Mn. I Per Person I Total Mn. I Pcr Person Per Person

3.0 Expenditure 3.t Venereal Disease (Rs.) 15. l0 2.3 | 21.43 I 2.8 | 23.9s 4.3 35.15 3.2 Malaria r0r.38 94.6 |t06.05 | 118.0 | 1M.67 239.O 278.16 3.3 lrprosy 12.91 3.7 | 27 .06 | 4.0 | 330.06 5.4 5.28 3.4 T.B. t45.57 rs.7 1175.36 | 23.O | 222.7r 2t.5 280.24 3.5 Filariasis 3.62 4.813.3516.814.95 8.0 5.85

Sources: Anti V. D. Campaign. Anti Malaria Campaien. Anti Leprosy Campaign. Anti T. B. @mpaign. Anti Filariasis @mpaign. 100 10.6 HUNDRED THOUSAND HOUSING PROGRAMME - 1983 AND 1984 (Completed Housing Units) I Rural Housing Electoral Housing Direct Construction Scheme Programme Programme 19t4 1963 | r9E4 Colombo 827 I,r36 86s I r.or5 6,626 242 8,3t8 9,473 Campaha | ,064 I ,340 785 | 835 4,050 4, 070 5,899 6,24s Kalutara I ,900 2,141 ssi |

Soarce .' National Housing Development -Authority. PROGRESS OF ..50,000 RURAL HOUSING PROGRAMME"** _ 1983 and 1984

Uoias Utrder Construction I Number Completed Tota I Expenditure Low Income I Middle locone I Scbemer I units Rs. Mo. . , -:-. t--: | ,-.:-----r--'--,^^--,--- :::--,---:::-.- 1983ll9E4l1983lle84 t984

1.0 Self Aided a , n M",teiVitt"ges ::: ?;31r1': 3ii I ,230 48 3.0 Fisheries Housing Schemes ... I'I llli | .092f 458 | t46 | 614 | 647 26.617 | 22.O47

+ aThis is included in "Hundred Thousand Housing Programme". Solrcc .' National Housing Development Authorrty. 10.7 POSTS AND TELECOMMUNTCATTONS (1) r97s - 1984 l0l

D

1.0 (No.) 324 326 JJJ 346 364 404 422 438 446 456 2.J (No.) a <)1 2,654 2,806 2,937 3 ,093 3 ,145 3,162 3,175 3.0 (No.) 5,015 5,260 5 ,283 5,904 6,t56 6,5C0 5 ,939 5 ,958 6,090 6 ,581 4.0 Post Offices (Sq. i

.Sourc€: Department of Posts & Telcommunietionc. t02 10.8 POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS (2) 1975 - 1984 { Item

1.0 Telephones (No.) 43,O33 44,425 45,590 49,455 55,020 60,070 6l ,920 104,500 105,800 108.950 l.l Colombo 22,318 22,855 23,3J3 25,352 26,660 30,lll 31 ,250 63,000 63,200 65,20O

1.2 Outstation 20,715 21 ,57O 22,257 ?4,103 28,360 2e,959 30,670 4l,500 42,6W 43,7O5

2.0 Telephone Exchange Capacity (No.) 55,219 57,34 57 ,794 61 ,700 69,500 70,100 8J,500 94,138 95,{2 109,242 3.0 Public Telephone Call Boxes (No.) l8l 168 r72 2tl 21r 262 282 202 318 375

4.0 New Telephone Connections Given (Inland'No. 2,344 2,149 2,426 4,076 6,579 4,890 I ,850 I,600 3,824 2rg0o

5.0 Total Calls Booked for the Year ('000) 8,479 9,033 15,593 16,957 18,550 21,5C0 11,589 I ,07E 6,838 3,824

6.0 Telegraph Offices (No.) | ,567 t ,609 I ,638 I ,665 | ,7ll 1.770 I ,894 2,064 I,909 1,951 7.0 OverseasRadioTelephoneCalls (Outward-'000) 25 80 r27 175 lE4 198 223 329 432 650

E.0 Overseas Telegraph Messages from Sri Lanka ('000) 307 296 264 297 334 340 239 224 20s 192

9.0 Overseas Telegraph Messages to Sri Lanka(' 263 291 299 231 200 184

10.0 Telex Overseas Calls ('000) 92 144 2t6 326 481 628 l ro32 1,272 1,366 1,542

Source: Department of Posts & Telecommunications.

I 10.9 ELECTRICITY 1974-1984 103

D

1978 1984

1.0 Installed Capacity (Mega Watts) 315.0 365.3 402.0 40r .0 401 .0 40r .0 422.0 502.3 562.2 592.3 812.0 l.l Hydro 242.0 292.0 332.O 33r .0 331 .0 331 .0 332.0 372.3 372.2 102.3 sa.o 1.2 Thermal 73.O 73.C 70.0 70.0 70.0 70.0 90.0 130.0 190.0 190.0 270.0

2.0 MaximumDemand Mn.Kwh.) 879.8 952.2 986.2 t ,026.6 I ,146 .0 | ,282.3 1,315 .l | ,492.L | ,674.9 437.01 486.7t

3.0 Units Generateil (Mn. Kwh.) I ,011 .6 I ,C78.5 1,132.8 | .216,6 I .38t .2 | .s25 .5 1,668.2 I ,871 .3 2,465 .7 2,114.3 2,261 ,O 997 .4 1 I | I .4 3.1 Hydro ,078.4 '24.2.108.6 ,214.4 ,338.5 |,461 .2 r.479'188 |,571 .2 I ,608.1 | ,217 ,2 2,091 .0 3.2 Thermal 14.2 0.1 2-l 42.7 64.3 .8 300.1 457 .6 897 .2 170.0

4.0 Sale (Mn. Kwh.) 892.8 965 .5 997 .O I ,040.1 L ,164.1 1,299 .l | ,391 .6 I ,507.0 I ,683 .9 | ,792.0 I .853.0r 4.1 Domestic 83 .3 86.9 95.2 105 .7 tzt .3 153.2 190.8 2t4.O 2s8.3 305.0 '3r3.0 4.2 Industrial 477 .3 522.1 516.5 519.3 590.1 631 .7 625.6 677 .2 739 .r 752,0 788.0 4.2.1 Smatl Units 1) t.J 8.4 9.2 10.1 17 .2 19 .9 2r .3 25.9 29.O 3l .0 4.2.2 Medium Units 236.r 246.5 243 .7 244.8 278.2 287.0 285.7 309 .3 338.8 340.0 367 .0 4.2.3 Large Units 220.2 297.9 261 .4 262.4 300.8 327 .5 3t9.9 346.s 374.4 383 .0 390.0 4.2.4 SpecialContracts t3 .8 0.4 3.0 2.9 1.0 4.3 Commercial tt7 ,4 120.3 134.5 150.9 162.7 201 .l 223.2 219 .5 262.5 292.O 295.O 4.4 Bulk Supply 201.8 222.7 237.3 252.8 275.6 296.3 335.5 379 .7 415.0 433.O 446.O 4.5 Street Lighting 13.0 13.5 13.5 13.5 14.4 16.8 16.6 16.5 9.0 10.0 i il.' * Estimated. Source : Ceylon Electricity Board. f MegaWatts.

I t 104 10.10 TOURTSM 1975 - 1984 { Item 1976 r917 1978119791198011981 1982 r984

1.0 Total Tourist Arrivals (No.) I l8,971 153,665 192,592 250,164 321 ,780 370,742 407,230 337,530 317 ,734 2.0 Regional Distribution 2.1 North America .. 7 ,823 7 ,685 lo,l37 12,426 73,941 15,408 16,554 l7 ,686 I 5 ,852 15,020 2.2 Latin America & The Caribbeans 404 538 371 498 609 676 652 532 568 486 2.3 Europe 65,662 79 ,016 t09,278 134,397 168,801 220,588 25O,474 236,228 181 ,24.0 194,34O 2.4 Africa | ,251 1,775 1,237 | ,497 1,646 2,39O 2.584 3,012 2,834 2,954 2.5 Middle East 647 I,595 | ,077 | ,268 1,646 I ,9g6 3,014 3,098 2,780 3,228 2.6 Asia 23,779 24,207 20,158 35 ,996 56,187 72,022 87,894 133,986 123,798 89,736 2.7 Australasia* 3,638 4,12O 5 ,407 6,510 7 ,334 8,120 9 ,570 12,788 10,458 ll ,972 3.0 Purpose of Visits (No.) 3.1 Business 6,261 9,944 5 ,944 I I ,651 13 ,406 21 ,594 23,540 27,484 l7 .022 10.934 3.2 Pleasure 93 .726 t05 ,539 144,148 177 ,824 227,218 291 ,999 331,638 360,824 306',824 300;336 3.3 Other 3,2t7 3 ,588 3,633 3,ll7 9 ,486 8,192 75,564 18,922 13,496 6,464 4.0 Excursionist Arrivals (No.) 25,490 14,499 7 ,672 8,494 5,563 8,636 7 ,737 6,632 7 ,209 8,838 5 0 Total Clnrter Arrivals (No.) 23,893 36,96r 44,125 50,000 63,510 75,270 77 ,360 65,792 48,654 53 .488 6.0 Total Engaged in Tourist lndustry (No.) 43,4O9 47 ,900 55,255 64.262 53,608 se:026 6.1 Direct Ernployment 10,148 lt,716 15 ,404 18,472 19,878 23,023 26',776 22,174 24,594 6.2 Estimated Indirect Employment 24,937 28,072 32,532 37 ,489 3l ,234 34,432 7.O Foreigr Exchange Earnings (Rr. Mn.) 127 2i 3a 870 7,209 I ,830 2,547 3,0.50 2,896 2,670 8.0 Extablishments, Providing Accommodation (No.) 168 188 194 t74 169 182 224 240 27r 277 8.1 Graded Establishments t: 95 101 ll5 t23 138 146 8.1.1 Rooms ! I 1 5,599 6,042 6,891 7 ,539 8,852 g,627 8.1.2 Beds ll ,212 I I ,790 13,773 15,001 l7 ,6C5 I 8,970 8.2 Supplementary Establishments 95 103 104 78 1A 8l 109 r17 I33 t3l 8.2.1 Rooms 740 755 993 I ,159 1 ,251 | ,541 1 .546 2.0t4 2,346 ) 2.599 + Including Australia, New Zoaland and and Fiji Islands. Source : Ceylon Tourist Board. Note: The term "tourist" is used to describe vrsitors who spend one night or more in the country. The term "excursionist" identifies thoso who do not mako an overnight stay but spend soveral houn in the country. 10.11 FILM INDUSTRY 1978 1983 - 105

! Item 1978 r979 1980 19El 1982 1983 1.0 Films Released (No.) 9l 128 lc0 145 t57 t55 1.1 Sinhala 26 28 1.2 Tamil 32 35 36 33 22 2l l8 16 l-r 1.3 English 4l 29 t6 1.4 Hindi 48 t: ,: 106 02 ! 02 2.0 Nationally Produced Films OloJ 36 52 45 26 37 l5 Imported 3.0 Films OIo.) 25 90 3.1 Fr'ance 0l 90 r66 150 3.2 England 0l l3 09 36 56 3.3 U.S.S.R. 02 _ 41 3.4 Japan 7 I ol 3.5 U.S.A. 0l 3.6 India A 48 49 -t5 3.7 Hong Kone t_1 0l 46 28 9i 02 3.8 south AfriEa _1 7 3.9 Others 0l T Clnemas (No.) 4.0 362 349 359 4.1 Cinemas per I Mn. population 361 351 344 26 24 26 24 23 ,,, 5.0 Seat Capacity OIo.) I 83 ,877 184,944 190,088 l94.2sl 192,5s9 5.1 Balcony & Boxcs 15,303 183,164 5.2 Reservecl & O.D.C. 16,246 l6;600 I 8 ,501 l8,0lg 19,644 21 ,066 2l 29,706 5.3 D.C. & First Class 43,293 ,947 29,849 44.590 45,761 47 ,919 48,545 5.4 Second Class 63,675 65',92s Gallery 67 .l3l 63,578 59,595 5.5 4l ,962 42,261 42:ers 32,953 27 ,159 6.0 Patrons (Mn.) 68.7 74.4 61 .4 54.9 56.6 6.1 Average daily attendance (No.) 188,1 gg 2r.0, 21o,845 173,728 155,449 I55,308 r20,046.. 7.0 Screen Time

1984 106 I1.1 GREATER COLOMBO ECONOMIC COMMISSION-PROJECTS I Agrements Signed

Proiect Cost (Rs. Mn.) Output (Rs. lVln.) Industry Group Proiect Cost (Rs. Mn.) 2l Employ- Domestic Exports Eent Nos.

3.8t3 22.430 129 Woo(leD Furniture & Toys 2.22t 3.811 Cane Furtriture | 3.8r3 22.430 129 Total 2.221 | 3.813

Textile Products Except Clothing : Texlile Fabrics t5 .237 Yarn Surf Sails 0.850 Decorative Tassels 0l Total t5 237 0t o 850

Coir Products : Fibre Mats and Mattings 67.100 Coir pads, Rings and Brushes

TOta 67. r00

Electrotric and Electrical Products : 47.260 237 Elcctronic Products Electrical Goods z]oc I oooo 6.2t2 47.260 237 Total -L roo [ 6.000 Continued

{ 11.1 GREATER COLOMBO ECONOMIC COMMISSION _ PROJECTS 1984 107 t Apprcveal Proiects Agrecment Signed

) (OutDut Mn.) I Industry Group Proiect Cost 1Xs. Mn.) Output (Rs. Mo.) Rs. Employ- lJxport mtrt Nos.

Steel / Fabricated Metal Products : Steel Products Fabricated Metal Products I 1.481 3E.l4l 24.656 55.494 s5.494 Total 1 1.48r 24.656

Transpora Equipment: Macbinery I (r Transport Equipment s .401 178.426 **(2.582) 8.000) Garnents Shirts. Jeans, Slacks, Under- Garinents, Knitted & woven Garments, Sportswear. Acrylic Sweaters, Cardigans etc. 20.969 478.088 .to.264 16.840 | 27.104 159.482 9't7 WaterDroof Garments Socks & Stockings 47.831 I 33 .650 28.262 47.83 l | 76.O92 133.650 510

Total 68. 8CC 61 1.738 38 .526 64.671 | tC3. r96 293.132 1487

4.833 148.441 I 0.704 8.t59 | 18.863 89.271 E77 135.219 360.192 *253 .908 126.723 | 390.631 257 .857 r0t0 378.702 851 .836 4033

Inclusive of I Additional investment on expansion programmes ofexisting projecls. Saurce : Greater Colombo Economic Commission. ** Due to reformulation of an existing project. r 108 r1.2 IIWESTMENT APPROVALS (OUTSTDE THE G. C. E. C.) _ 1984 a

Investment Rs. Million Employment No. of Potential \ Projects (Nos.; Foreign Local t

1,0 Foreign Investment Advisory Committee

8 27 .90 99.44 127 .34 6ll

3 2.62 56 .38 59.00 249 t4 2r2.16 349.57 56r.73 7 ,045 2 4.58 8.52 l3 .10 r85 2 6.20 52.74 58.94 20s 8 214.64 t62.8'l 377.51 345 |.2.6 Basic Mctal and Engineering Industri* 8 67 .17 1 14.15 181.32 458 1.2,7 Other Industries 14. 51 t7 .05 31.56 298 l 3 Civil.Engincering, Construction & Propcrty Dcvelopment 3 5.60 29.70 35.30 534 L4 Tourist Hotcls & Rccreational Facilitics 2 0.83 3 .33 4.16 53 1.5 Services 2 2.00 2.40 4.40 57 Tor.cr 56 896. l5 I t,+s+.x 10,040

2.0 Local Investment Advisory Committee 2.1 Ministry of Industries 23s 288 4,230 2.2 Ministry of Textil:s 237 )11 2.1 l7 ,129 Ministry of Fjshories 2 2 165

474 567

Sources: ,,l. Minisiry of Finance and Planning. Ministry of Industries. 3. Ministry of Textilos. T 11.3 CIRCI.JLATION OF NEWSPAPERS 1973 _ 1984 109

I Item t976 1978 ('000) 1.0 Daily Newspapers 81 ,349 65,580 69,030 84,805 119,657 l4l ,959 133,883 125,312 113,291 82,070 76,006 93,947r 1.1 Sinhala 47 .775 36,934 4l ,279 52,932 77 .978 89,278 82,162 75,776 69,407 4l 39,210 54,016 1.2 Tamil t4:6s4 12,651 12,163 ,334 12,825 20:4sr 20,971 19,055 17 ,573 77 ,754 15,808 14.048 l3 ,361 1.3 English 18,920 I 5 15,649 ,995 19,048 21 ,229 3l ,7lo 32,666 3l ,963 26,136 24,929 22,748 26,570 2.O Copies per Thousand Persons per Day (No.) 17.0 13.0 a1 t 16.3 I9.8 32.O 29,6 27 .l 24.1 t7 .2 15.7 19. 3 SundayNewspapers ('000) 3.0 23,743 20,837 20,475 25,793 30,508 39,458 37,729 36,838 34,937 32,512 30,4.39 589* 3.1 Sinhala 16,689 -10, 74,547 14,ol7 17 ,541 20,621 26,285 ?s 5{, 24,289 23,587 2l ,M3 t9,794 20,619 3.2 Tamil 3,044 2,695 2,663 2,936 4,432 5,350 4 ,535 4,516 4,665 4,260 3,903 2,663 Engl ish 3.3 4,010 3,595 3,795 4,814 5,455 7,923 7 ,641 8,033 6,691 6,809 6,742 7,307 4.O Copies per Thousanil Persons per Sunday (No.) 34.9 30.2 29.2 35.3 42.1 53 .5 50.l 48.1 44.8 37 .9 37.r Periodicals** ('000) 5.0 18,920 l7 ,267 19,825 24,209 26,946 34.397 3l ,567 25,506 20,597 20,683 18,252 20,373* 5.1 Sinhala 18,895 l7 ,23O 19,822 24,103 26,337 33:620 30,929 24,960 20,527 20,683 5.2 Tamil 18,252 20,313 5.3 English 25 J 105 609 777 -;/Jd 546 68 6.0 Copies per Thousand Persons per Week (No.) 27.8 25.0 28.2 33.9 37 .2 46.6 33.3 26.4 26.2 22.8 24.6 * Excluding **. Timcs of Ceylon publications, Sources.' Associated Newspapers of Ceylon Ltd. Calculated on the assumption that the periodicals are published weekly. Times of Ceylon. Janadina and Janasathiya (Suriya Publishers.) Express Newspapers (CeyloD) Ltd. , Attha Publications. InCependent Newspapers Ltd. Upali Nowspapers Ltd. t, CBSL I976-I9U ll0 ,59o" PRISONS AND PRISONERS Iilillilt R15902 rto{- 19 r'7 I 9,543 o t1, t2,983 ,479 t2,393 l2,015 83 82 72 97 95 83 t94 I r8 il0 231 2r9 410 366 271 201 t82 t67 197 I 85 t02 8l 1r0 93 78 69 t04 97 3.1 Murder 39 43 29 29 63 Att:mnted to I\{urder 34 5 36 oi 3.2 i,1l 136 96 66 3,! Culpable Homicide and At 2t5 201 6 ) t7 8 t8 9 lt ll 3.4 Kidnapping 25 44 14 36 5l 48 22 43 JJ 2@ 256 246 134 261 207 IE9 986 850 35 26 96 l3 22 22 7 :0 45 73 52 52 EI 99 39 9 13 2 3 t4 9 3t I 351 359 653 507 3a 405 147 365 212 183 114 s54 415 316 286 231 289 208 202 2>) 291 180 247 324 262 472 3.12 Extortion & l-ooting 247 219 t58 tl7 l9i Cheating & Crimioal Breach ofTrust 371 521 308 296 3.13 2,921 I,9t8 2,297 1,8t4 I ,8?9 I ,89J 1,542 Theft 2 ,870 2,607 9 3.14 7,198 7 a 11) 7,28E 6,301 6,239 ,825 3.1 5 Other Offcnccs 5 ,282 6,751 ,514 4.0 Lenath of Sentence 2,128 3,231 4,532 3,546 2,779 2,226 I ,923 1 ,782 4.1 Undcr one month 4,069 { | to 4,0{3 4,146 5.631 4,586 3 1 dl> le 140 798 t)b 71r 607 r7s | 3tr 11,577 237 I 2 ,983 t. Admissrons 8t 133 530 445 223 ,374 r"t ,< l" 132 778 216 747 590 l70 I 310 ll,sss 229 12,496 .211l 78 129 505 431 365 ll Male 8qq I I 22 8 487 6 I t0 8 20 20 t1 51 11 Female 163 t9i 4 25 8 IL 2. Rate per 100,000 I I tr 1 1 33.7 c? t 5 rs.7 6l .8 49 .8 61.9 483 t21.2 27.r 1102.3 1r88.9 Fopulationi 33. r 78.4 26.r 6r.9 64.5 81.0 14. 22.4 I tl 3. , Percentage Distribu. | 1.08 1.97 5.94 4.67 1.35 I 2.39,12.15 t .83 100.00 lron 829 6.97 | 0.62 4.08 3.43 2.86 0.99 020 0.08 lo.to 1.72 Source: lfhe Commissioner of Prisons. + Uscd Mid-Year Populatioa. r Provisional.