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Youth Agenda for Peace and Justice Hague Appeal for Peace

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Youth Agenda for Peace and Justice Hague Appeal for Peace T ime to Abolish War! a youth agenda for peace and justice Hague Appeal for Peace Compiled by Jo Tyler and Adam Berry with the support of the European Youth Foundation Cover by Adam Berry Time to Abolish War! a youth agenda for peace and justice Key to symbols: things you can do history Nepalese girls take to the streets on 1 January 2000 Useful addresses Hague Appeal for Peace - Youth web links c/o International Peace Bureau 41 rue de Zurich 1201 Geneva, Switzerland tel: +41-22-7316429 fax: +41-22-7389419 eMail: [email protected] http://youth.haguepeace.org How many of the dates on the cover do you recognize? Hague Appeal for Peace Answers can be found in the pages of this book: c/o IWTC, 777 UN Plaza, New York NY 10017, USA 1907 - Introduction 1959 - Culture of Peace tel: +1-212-6872623 1908 - Culture of Peace 1963 - Culture of Peace fax: +1-212-6612704 1919 - International Law 1966 - International Law eMail: [email protected] 1928 - International Law 1975 - EconoMic Justice http://www.haguepeace.org 1930 - Culture of Peace 1978 - Culture of Peace 1931 - EconoMic Justice 1981 - International Law Hague Appeal for Peace 1945 - Culture of Peace 1989 - Child Soldiers c/o IALANA, Anna Paulownastraat 103 1946 - International Law 1993 - International Law 2518 BC The Hague, The Netherlands 1948 - International Law 1994 - International Law tel: +31-70-3634484 1949 - International Law 1997 - LandMines fax: +31-70-3455951 1955 - Ban the BoMb 1999 - Introduction eMail: [email protected] 2 time to abolish war! Contents Introduction 4 Youth & Conflict 5 Education for Peace 11 Disarmament 19 Ban the Bomb 20 Landmines 22 Small Arms 24 Child Soldiers 26 International Law & Human Rights 32 Economic Justice 41 Culture of Peace 46 Campaigns 54 Contact List 56 a youth agenda for peace and justice 3 Introduction In peace children bury their parents. We come back to the alternatives in the Russell-Einstein Mani- War violates the order of nature and festo: the end of the human race or the renunciation of war. causes parents to bury their children. Since the first is unacceptable, war must cease to be an admis- Herodotus sible social institution. The abolition of war must be our ultimate goal. Professor Joseph Rotblat, Nobel Peace Prize 1996 The world is eMerging froM the bloodi- In this youth agenda, we will look at achieving this aiM through est, Most war-ridden century in history. peace caMpaignson issues including landMines, sMall arMs, Just the last decade has seen geno- peace education, proMoting childrens rights, stopping the use cides coMMitted in CaMbodia, Bosnia, of child soldiers, abolishing nuclear weapons, and building an Rwanda, Kosovo, Chechnya, and the International CriMinal Court. These are probleMs that affect the spread of weapons of Mass destruc- lives and futures of young people, and we can play a part in all tion capable of ending life on earth. these efforts to find solutions, alongside others working in the fields of huMan rights, the environMent, huManitarian assist- Indigenous peoples are still denied the ance, disarMaMent, and sustainable developMent. right to self-deterMination. Govern- Ments continue to fail to prevent con- The caMpaigns deMonstrate what can be done when people flict, protect civilians, eradicate coloni- are listened to instead of talked at. We Must take the initia- alisM, and guarantee huMan rights. tive, thinking of security not in terMs of state borders and weapons, but of huMan life. It is too serious a Matter to be left Its high tiMe, in the words of the UN to politicians and soldiers (nearly all Men)! Charter, to save succeeding genera- tions froM the scourge of war. Maybe Helping to bring peace and understanding to the places where our generation can succeed where we live is true huManitarian interventionbullying by the rich others have failed! Lets build a culture and powerful is not. The abolition of war is a long-terM goal, of peace in the 21IJ Century. so we should get started right away! We hope this agenda will give you soMe ideas and help to inspire your own... The Hague Appeal for Peace Campaigning for a world without war Peace Conference Hague Agenda for Peace & Justice In May 1999, 10,000 peace activists of At the end of the Hague Appeal for Peace conference, the all ages Met in The Hague in the Neth- Hague Agenda for Peace & Justice for the 21IJ Century was erlands, in pursuit of new strategies for presented to UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan. a peaceful 21IJ Century. Participants in The Hague Agenda, now an official UN docuMent, is a 50-point the historic Hague Appeal conference plan for global action by governMents and civil society. included 1,500 young people, froM 100 If you would like a copy of the Hague Agenda: different countries, including Many You can download it in English, French or Spanish froM the areas of conflict. Hague Appeal for Peace website, contact the Hague Appeal Youth office in Geneva (see inside front cover), or ask for docuMent A/54/98 froM your nearest United Nations docuMentation centre, in any of the 6 UN languages. The First Hague Conference One hundred years earlier, in May 1899, Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and Queen WilhelMina of the Netherlands convened a conference in the Hague to discuss the issues of disarMaMent, conflict resolution and international law. It was followed, largely thanks to peace-Minded citi- zens, by a second conference in 1907. It didnt work! The first world war broke out a few years later, followed by Many More conflicts throughout what was the bloodiest century in history. However, the first peace conferences did lay the foundations for todays international huManitarian law and UN systeMs. And The Hague is still the capital of international law. 4 time to abolish war! Youth & Conflict In the last decade alone, we have seen two million children killed, It is we adults who teach children how to over one million orphaned, six million seriously injured or perma- hate. It is we adults who teach children to nently disabled, 12 million made homeless and 10 million left fight in our wars. with serious psychological trauma. Archbishop Desmond Tutu, South Africa Olara Otunnu, UN Special Representative for Children in Armed Conflict In Modern arMed conflicts, 90% of victiMs are civilians, of which War is a serious breach of the rights of over half are children. According to the United Nations Childrens the child. It snatches away childhood Fund (UNICEF), soMe 400,000 children die every year froM wars and youth froM innocent, peace-loving and related causesin developing countries alone. people and leaves wounds that take a long tiMe to heal. However, young Many children are subjected to rape, torture and physical people are often aMong the Most active injury, for exaMple froM landMines, a probleM which continues peacebuilders and advocates of a even after an arMed conflict has officially coMe to an end (see peaceful resolution of the conflicts they page 22). In Many parts of the world, children as young as 8 or find theMselves caught up in. 9 are forced to fight (see page 26), leading to their inevitable brutalization. Even those who do not fight witness appalling atrocities, and suffer great psychological and eMotional Childrens trauMa. Their faMilies and coMMunities are broken up; Many Flag becoMe orphans and refugees. Children are deprived of an of education and other basic and essential services and rights Peace such as clean water and food. Childrens Movement for Peace, Colombia By Sara Cameron, UNICEF ColoMbias war has lasted More than 35 years, and kills over Mobilized children living in the Most 6,000 people every year. A further 25,000 are Murdered as a violent Municipalities of ColoMbia to result of street, doMestic or other criMinal violence. One in six vote in a special electionknown as the Murder victiMs is a child. Until 1996 the peace MoveMent in Childrens Mandate for Peace and ColoMbia was weak and fragMented. Thousands of huMan Rights. Children were asked to choose rights activists had been Murdered or forced to flee the country which of their rights were Most iMpor- under threat of death. tant to theMselves and their coMMuni- ties. The ballot showed 12 rights that In 1996, the Childrens MoveMent for Peace in ColoMbia was had been suMMarized froM the Con- founded with backing froM UNICEF and the National Network vention on the Rights of the Child and for Peace, Redepaz. In October that year, these organizations the ColoMbian Constitution. The MoveMent grew so quickly that More than 2.7 Million children aged 7 to 18 years turned up at the polls. The children voted overwhelMingly in favour of the right to peace. The result had a transforMing effect on the peace MoveMent. A year after the Childrens Mandate, adult ColoMbians were invited to pledge their support for the Childrens Mandate, condeMn the atrocities of the war and Make their own personal pledge to help peace. Over 10 Million ColoMbians backed this Citizens MandateMore than double the nuMber that had participated in the previous presidential election. Peace The Colombian children at the Hague peace conference was catapulted to centre-stage. a youth agenda for peace and justice 5 Youth & Conflict The Childrens MoveMent for Peace was a lesson in deMocracy, bringing Forgotten refugees Millions back to the ballot box. It estab- by Hillevi Munthe lished the rights of children to elect their own representatives and participate in Some of those who fled war in Palestine in 1948 settled in Lebanon. local governMent, and inspired new The Lebanese government, for political reasons, did not assimilate them.
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