Maitrayee Chaudhuri Fall 2015 Office: 244 Friday: 8.35 am -11.35 am Phone:514-398-3507 Leacock 210 Office hours: 2:00-4:00 Fridays Email: [email protected]

COURSE TITLE GENDER AND PUBLIC DISCOURSE IN

Course Description

This course explores how the making of a modern Indian nation state entailed a remaking of gender identities. It will look at how colonialism led to the growth of an ambiguous attitude towards modernity and how tradition and culture became key sites of contention for gender issues. Through the analysis of specific debates in public discourse, in different historical junctures in colonial and independent India, the course will examine the intersections between gender, diversities and inequalities.

The course will broadly be divided into four parts. Part 1 and 2 will look at some critical events during the colonial period, while Part 3 and 4 will focus on independent India. Central to this course will be attention to contexts, actors and the manner in which gender is played out in India’s public discourse. Part 1 and 2 therefore will look at the dynamics between the colonial state, communities, social reformers, nationalists and women’s organizations. Part 3 will look at the key actors in different phases in independent India: (i) the transformed character of the state and the way other actors get reconfigured in the postcolonial context; (ii) the wide range of social and political movements including a strong and diverse women’s movement (that has since become an important voice in public debates) in the 1970s; (iii) the rise of religious fundamentalism and its attack on gender equality and secularism in the 1980s. Part 4 centers on India’s economic liberalization from the 1990s and looks at the new actors that acquire prominence in India’s public discourse, such as the media, international institutions, corporate houses, public relation and advertising firms, and the Indian diaspora. The broader intent of the course here is to investigate the hyper- visibility of gender in public discourse even as the idea of ‘India’, its ‘public sphere’ and ‘democracy’ get redefined.

The reasons for choosing this long period are three-fold: (i) the intersectional relationship of gender, caste, class and religion, evident in the early years has persisted. The past bears on the present even as contexts have redefined the contours of debates; (ii) it allows focus on concrete gender issues in different historical moments providing a vantage point to understand, on one hand, Indian society and its transformation and on the other, comparable issues of conflict, along the fault line of gender in an increasingly multicultural west; (iii) and given that some of the more influential scholarship on India has been historical and postcolonial studies have in a

1 sense rested on that, this course would facilitate a careful look at the empirical details to assess the conceptual limits and possibilities of this approach.

Course Requirements

Students are required to:

1. Write a note (four to five pages long, double spaced and typewritten) on a substantial amount of the required readings for any week of their choice. This has to be submitted before the relevant class discussion. 2. Participate actively in class discussions. 3. Make one class presentation on a 20 to 25 pages research paper concerning an important aspect of gender and public discourse in India. The paper topic and the date may be chosen in consultation with the instructor. 4. Research Paper Presentation November 27th and December 4th. 5. Last date for submission of paper December 4th. 6. The recommended readings are meant to help students begin to explore issues relevant to their paper topics in greater depth.

Grading

The grades will be determined in the following way: Note on the reading 20% Presentations & Class Participation 20% Paper 60%

Aside from being worth 20% of the marks, class participation will influence the grades in cases where students are on the borderline between two letter grades.

Format

The class meets once a week for three hours. Each class consists of a short introductory presentation by the instructor followed with interactive debates and discussions involving students. This research seminar is articulated around students’ questions, concerns and discussions. It is absolutely essential not only for students to complete all the readings, but also to reflect about them prior to the course in order to fully benefit from discussions.

McGill Policy Statements

1. "McGill University values academic integrity. Therefore, all students must understand the meaning and consequences of cheating, plagiarism and other academic offences under the Code of Student Conduct and Disciplinary Procedures (see www.mcgill.ca/students/srr/honest/ for more information).(approved by Senate on 29 January 2003)

2 2. “In accord with McGill University’s Charter of Students’ Rights, students in this course have the right to submit in English or in French any written work that is to be graded.” (approved by Senate on 21 January 2009 - see also the section in this document on Assignments and evaluation.)

Readings

PART 1 Social Reform and the Women’s Question in early modern India

WEEK 1 Reading India’s Past and Present: Some Methodological Issues

Kumkum Sangari and Sudesh Vaid “Recasting Women: An Introduction” Sangari and Vaid 1989 Recasting Women: Essays in Colonial India (, Kali for Women) pp.1-26.

Vina Mazumdar “Whose Past, Whose History, Whose Tradition? Indigenising Women’s Studies in India” Asian Journal of Women’s Studies, 7:1, 2001, pp. 133-53.

Maitrayee Chaudhuri “Feminism in India: The Tale and its Telling "Décoloniaux Feminisms, Gender and Development ". Reveu Tier Monde (RTM) 209 (University of Paris) January March 2012. Pp. 19-36.

Chakravarti Dipesh 1992 ‘Postcoloniality and the Artifice of History: Who Speaks for “Indian” Pasts?’ Representations No. 37, Winter. Pp.1-26.

Joanna Liddle and Shirin Rai “Feminism, Imperialism and Orientalism: the challenge of the ‘Indian woman’” History Review, Vol. 7, No. 4, 1998. Pp. 495- 520.

WEEK 2 Social Reform in 19th century colonial India

Lata Mani “The Debate on Sati in Colonial India” in Sangari and Vaid 1989. Pp. 88- 126.

Sumit Sarkar and Tanika Sarkar Women and Social Reform in Modern India: A Reader. Permanent Black, Ranikhet, 2007. (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2008). pp. 1-18.

3 Maitrayee Chaudhuri The Indian Women’s Movement: Reform and Revival (Delhi, Radiant, 1992) Reprinted 2011 (Delhi, Palm Leaf) pp. 1-68.

WEEK 3 Social Reform in 19th century colonial India

Uma Chakravarti “Whatever Happened to the Vedic Dasi? Orientalism, Nationalism and a Script for the Past” in Sangari and Vaid 1989 pp. 27-87.

Tanika Sarkar “A Prehistory of Rights: The Age of Consent Debate in Colonial Bengal” Feminist Studies Vol. 26, No. 3, (Autumn, 2000), pp. 601-622.

Sinha Mrinalini “The Lineage of the ‘Indian’ Modern: Rhetoric, Agency and the Sarda Act in Late Colonial India.” In Gender, Sexuality and Colonial Modernities, ed. By Antoinette M. Burton, London: Routledge. pp. 207-20.

Joshua Cohen, Matthew Howard and Martha C. Nussabum ed. Is Multiculturalism Bad for Women Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1999. Pp. 9-24.

Leti Volpp “Feminism versus Multiculturalism” Columbia Law Review, Vol. 101, No. 5 (Jun., 2001), pp. 1181-1218.

Suggested Readings for Part 1

Sudipta Kaviraj The imaginary institution of India: Politics and Ideas (Permanent Black, Ranikhet, 2010) pp.1-84.

Sumit Sarkar Modern India: 1885-1947, Delhi, Macmillan, 1993.

Ramachandra Guha ed. And introduced Makers of Modern India Penguin, New Delhi, 2012. pp. 23-45.

Maitrayee Chaudhuri “Reform, Revival and the Women’s Question at the Turn of the Century” in Chaudhuri The Indian Women’s Movement: Reform and Revival (Delhi, Radiant, 1992) Reprinted 2011 (Delhi, Palm Leaf) pp. 69-105.

Patricia Uberoi (ed), Social Reforms, Sexuality and the State, Sage, New Delhi, 1996.

Anand A. Yang “Whose Sati? Widow Burning in Early-Nineteenth- Century India” in Sumit Sarkar and Tanika Sarkar Women and Social Reform in Modern India: A Reader. Permanent Black, Ranikhet, 2007. (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2008). Pp. 21-52.

O’Hanlon, R. Caste, Conflict and Ideology: Mahatma Jotirao Phule and Low Caste Protest in Nineteenth Century Western India, Cambridge University Press, 1985.

Uma Chakravarti Rewriting History: The Life and Times of Pandita Ramabai. Zubaan 2012.

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Wolpert, S.A. Tilak and Gokhale: Revolution and Reform in the Making of Modern India, University of California Press, Berkeley, 1961.

Rammohan Roy “Tracts Against Sati” in Sumit Sarkar and Tanika Sarkar Women and Social Reform in Modern India: A Reader. Permanent Black, Ranikhet, 2007. (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2008). pp. 277-287.

Rosalind O’Hanlon Tarabai Shinde and the Critique of Gender Relations in Colonial India Oxford University Press, New Delhi 1994 Introduction 1-77.

Uma Chakravarti, ‘Gender, Caste and Labour: Ideological and Material Structure of Widowhood’, Economic and Political Weekly 30, 9 September 1995, pp. 2,248–56.

Lucy Carroll “Law, Custom and Statutory Social Reform: The Hindu Widows’ Remarriage Act of 1856” in Sumit Sarkar and Tanika Sarkar Women and Social Reform in Modern India: A Reader. Permanent Black, Ranikhet, 2007. (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2008). Pp.113-144.

PART 2 Nationalism and The Women’s Movement in Early 20th century

WEEK 4 Aparna Basu “Feminism and Nationalism in India 1917-1947” in Renuka Sharma ed. Representations of Gender, Democracy and Identity Politics in Relation to South Asia Shree Satguru Publications, Indian Book Centre, Delhi. Pp. 23-38.

Leela Kasturi and Vina Mazumdar “Women and Indian Nationalism” pp.1-33. www.cwds.ac.in/ocpaper/womenandindiannationalism.pdf

Chattopadhyay, Kamaladevi. “Future of Indian women's movement” . IN Our causes: a symposium by Indian women /ed. by Shyam Kumari Nehru.- Kitabistan, Allahabad, 1952, p.385-402.

Chattopadhyay, Kamaladevi “The Women’s movement - then and now”. IN Indian women /ed. by Devaki Jain.- New Delhi: Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, 1976. p.29-40.

Chaudhuri, Tripti “Women in radical movements in Bengal in the 1940s: the story of the Mahila Atmaraksa Samiti-Women's Self-Defence League” IN Faces of the feminine in ancient, medieval and modern India ed. by Mandakranta Bose. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000). p.304-321.

Chatterjee Partha 1990. ‘The Nationalist Resolution of the Women’s Question” In eds. K. Sangari and S. Vaid Recasting Women” Essays in Colonial India (New Delhi, Kali for Women) pp.-233 -253.

5 Mrinalini Sinha “Gender in the Critiques of Colonialism and Nationalism: Locating the ‘Indian Woman’ in Sumit Sarkar and Tanika Sarkar Women and Social Reform in Modern India: A Reader. Permanent Black, Ranikhet, 2007. (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2008). pp. 211-242.

Suggested Readings for Part 2

M.G. Ranade From Miscellaneous Writings in Sumit Sarkar and Tanika Sarkar Women and Social Reform in Modern India: A Reader. Permanent Black, Ranikhet, 2007. (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2008). Pp. 334-375.

Geraldine Forbes Women in Modern India. Cambridge University Press, 1999.

Nanda, B. (ed.) Indian Women from Purdah to Modernity, New Delhi, 1975.

Maitrayee Chaudhuri “The Rise of Women’s Organizations and the Beginning of Women’s Participation in Politics, 1914-27” in Chaudhuri The Indian Women’s Movement: Reform and Revival (Delhi, Radiant, 1992) Reprinted 2011 (Delhi, Palm Leaf) pp. 107-142.

Part 3 Independent India

WEEK 5

Independent India: The Early Years

Karachi Resolution in Maitrayee Chaudhuri ed. Feminism in India (Zed, 2005) pp. 134-35.

Leela Kasturi “Report of the Sub-Committee, Women’s Role in Planned Economy, National Planning Committee (1947) in Maitrayee Chaudhuri ed. Feminism in India (Zed, 2005) pp. 136-155.

Maitrayee Chaudhuri “Citizens, Workers and Emblems of Culture: An Analysis of the First Plan Document on Women” in Patricia Uberoi (ed), Social Reforms, Sexuality and the State, Sage, New Delhi, 1996. Pp. 211-235.

Nirmala Banerjee “Whatever Happened to the Dreams of Modernity: The Nehruvian Era and Women’s Position” in Economic and Political Weekly XXXIII:17, April 25th 1998. Pp. WS-2 - WS-7.

V Geetha “Periyar, women and the ethic of citizenship. Economic and Political Weekly XXXIII: 17, April 25, 1998. Pp. WS 9-WS 15.

Nirmala Buch “State Welfare Policy and Women, 1950-1975,” Economic and Political Weekly XXXIII: 17, April 25, 1998. Pp.WS 18-WS 20.

6 Ritu Menon and Kamla Bhasin “ Recovery, Rupture, Resistance: Indian State and Abduction of Women During Partition” Economic and Political Weekly April 24 1993. Pp. WS 2-WS-11.

Urvashi Butalia “Community, State and Gender: On Women’s Agency during Partition” ” Economic and Political Weekly April 24 1993. Pp. WS 12-WS-32.

Narendra Subramanian Nation and the Family: Personal Law, Cultural Pluralism, and Gendered Citizenship in India (Stanford University Press, Stanford, 2014) pp. 1- 17; 266-288.

Chitra Sinha “Images of Motherhood: The Hindu Code Bill Discourse” Economic and Political Weekly 42:43 (October 27- November 2, 2007) pp. 49-57.

WEEK 6 The Women’s Movement from the 1970s: new questions and perspectives Mary John “The New Beginnings” in Women’s studies in India: a reader /ed. by Mary E. John.- New Delhi: Penguin, 2008. Pp. 20-57. Shah Nandita and Nandita Gandhi 1992 The Issues at Stake: Theory and Practice in the Contemporary Women's Movement in India (New Delhi, Kali for women) pp. 36- 101.

Gail Omvedt “Peasants, Dalits and Women: Democracy and India’s New Social Movements” Journal of Contemporary Arts, 24:1, 1994, pp. 35-47.

Rege Sharmila “Dalit Women Talk Differently: A Critique of 'Difference' and Towards a Dalit Feminist Standpoint Position” Economic and Political Weekly Vol. 33, No. 44 (Oct. 31 - Nov. 6, 1998), pp. WS39-WS46

Harsh Sethi “NGOS in the Era of Globalization: Reworking the State-Citizen Dialectic” in Gurpreet Mahajan and Helmut Reifeld The Public and the Private: Issues of Democratic Citizenship. (Sage New Delhi, 2003) pp. 296-312. Sarah Joseph “Creating a Public: reinventing Democratic Citizenship” in Gurpreet Mahajan and Helmut Reifeld The Public and the Private: Issues of Democratic Citizenship. (Sage New Delhi, 2003) pp. 313-323.

WEEK 7 Gender Rights, Fundamentalism and Secularism Amrita Chhachhi “Forced identities: the state, communalism, fundamentalism and women in India” In ed. Deniz Kandiyoti Women, Islam and the state. (Macmillan, 1991) pp. 144-175. Agnes Flavia “Minority Identity and Gender Concerns”, Economic and Political Weekly 36 (42) 2001. Pp. 3973-76. Pathak Zakia and Rajeshwari Sunder Rajan “Shahbano” Signs 14(3): 558-82.

7 Butalia Urvashi “Communalism: a new challenge to the Women’s movement in India” Journal of Women’s Studies. 1(2); October-March 1997. Pp. 15-27. Basu Amrita “Women and Religious Nationalism in India: An Introduction” Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars 25:4 1993. Pp.3-15. Rajeswari Sunder Rajan Introduction and Chapter 1 “The Subject of Sati: Pain and Death in the contemporary discourse on sati” In Real and Imagined Women: Gender, Culture and Postcolonialsim (Routledge, London, 1993) pp.1-39.

Recommended Readings for Part 3 Chitra Sinha Debating Patriarchy: The Hindu Code Bill Controversy in India (1941– 1956) Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 2012.

Ed. Ritu Menon Making a difference: memoirs from the women's movement in India Women Unlimited, New Delhi. 2011.

Kumar Radha 1997 The History of Doing: An Illustrated Account of Movements for Women’s Rights and Feminism in India, 1800-1990 (New Delhi, Zubaan) Sunder Rajan Rajeshwari 2003 The Scandal of the State: Women, Law, and Citizenship in Postcolonial India (Delhi, Permanent Black) Rege Sharmila 2006 Writing Caste/Writing Gender: Narrating Dalit Women’s Testimonies (Zubaan, An imprint of Kali for Women, New Delhi, 2006) pp. ix-xiv Introduction.

Virginius Xaxa “Women and Gender in the Study of Tribes in India” in Mary John Women Studies in India: A Reader. Penguin, Delhi, 2008. Pp.475-482. Desai, Neera and Vibhuti Patel Indian women: change and challenge in the international decade 1975-85 (Prakashan, Bombay, 1985.)

Ed. Ritu Menon Making a difference: memoirs from the women's movement in India. Women Unlimited, New Delhi. 2011.

Urvashi Butalia and Tanika Sarkar, eds. Women and Right-Wing Movements: Indian Experiences. London: Zed Books, 1995. Pp. 58-81, 181-215.

Sonia Bathla Women, Democracy and the Media: Cultural and Political Representations in the Indian Press. Sage, New Delhi, 1998. Pp. 77-173.

Kaviraj Sudipta 1999 “On State, Society and Discourse in India” in ed. James Manor Rethinking Third World Politics (London and New York, Longman) pp. 72-99.

Vibhuti Patel “ Human Rights Movements in India” Social Change, 40, 4 (2010): 459- 477.

8 Sen Illina 1990 A Space within the struggle: women’s participation in people’s movements (New Delhi, Kali for women) pp. 1-24, 111-124; 141-159.

Mary John “Communalism and Religion” in Women’s studies in India: a reader /ed. by Mary E. John.- New Delhi: Penguin, 2008. Pp. 492- 530.

PART 4 Globalizing India: 1990s onwards

WEEK 8

Globalization, social transformation and democratic politics Leela Fernandes India’s New Middle Class: Democratic Politics in an Era of Reform. Oxford University Press, 2007. Pp. xiii-xxxiv. Pp.88-136.

Mary John “Gender and Development in India, 1970s-1990s” Economic and Political Weekly, XXXI: 47, November 23, pp. 3071-77.

Mary John “Reframing Globalization: Perspectives from the Women’s Movement” Economic and Political Weekly, XLIV: 10, March 7, 2010. Pp. 46-49.

Ruchira Ganguly Scrace “Paradoxes of Globalization, Liberalization and Gender Equality: the Worldview of Lower Middle Class in , India” Gender and Society. Vol. 17, No. 4 (Aug., 2003), pp. 544-566

Maitrayee Chaudhuri 2001 “Gender and Advertisements: The Rhetoric of Globalisation", Women's Studies International Forum 2001 Vol. 24 No3/4 pp. 373- 385 Reprinted in Joseph Turow and Matthew McAllister The Advertising and Consumer Culture Reader (Routledge 2009) Ch.11.

Swagato Sarkar “Political Society in a Capitalist World” in ed Ajay Gudavarthy Re- framing Democracy and Agency in India: Interrogating Political Society. Anthem Press, New York, 2012. Pp. 31-48.

WEEK 9 Media, Communication and Gender

Robin Jeffrey “Communication and Capitalism in India, 1750-2010” in Media and Modernity: Communications, Women and the State in India (Permanent Black, Ranikhet, 2010)pp. 215-232.

9 Robin Jeffrey “The Mahatma Didn’t Like the Movies and Why It Matters: Indian Broadcasting Policy, 1920s-1990s. In Media and Modernity: Communications, Women and the State in India (Permanent Black, Ranikhet, 2010) pp.233-256.

Arvind Rajagopal “Thinking About the New Indian Middle Class: Gender, Advertising and Politics in an Age of Globalization” In Rajeswari Sunder Rajan IN Signposts: gender issues in post-independence India /ed. by.- New Delhi: Kali for Women, 1999. Pp.57-99.

Maitrayee Chaudhuri “Indian Media and its Transformed Public” Contributions to Indian Sociology Volume 44 (1&2) 2010. pp. 57-78.

Maitrayee Chaudhuri “Gender, Media and Popular Culture in a Global India”, in ed. Leela Fernandes . Routledge Handbook of Gender in South Asia , Routledge, New York, 2014. pp.145-159.

WEEK 10 Issues: Old and New Pallavi Gupta “Child Marriages and the Law Contemporary Concerns” Economic & Political Weekly October 27, 2012 xlviI: 43 pp. 49-55.

Ravinder Kaur “Marriage and Migration Citizenship and Marital Experience in Cross- border Marriages between Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal and Bangladesh” Economic & Political Weekly October 27, 2012 xlviI: 43 pp. 78-89.

Nair, Sreelekha (2007): “Rethinking Citizenship, Community and Rights: The Case of Nurses from Kerala in Delhi”, Indian Journal of Gender Studies, Vol 14 (1), pp. 137- 56.

Alankaar Sharma “Decriminalising Queer Sexualities in India: A Multiple Streams Analysis” Social Policy & Society 7:4, 2008 Cambridge University Press. Pp. 419– 431.

Ruth Vanita Queering India: Same-Sex Love and Eroticism in Indian Culture and Society. Pp. 1-76. https://books.google.co.in/books?id=ZUqMAQAAQBAJ&pg=PT10&source=gbs_toc _r&cad=3#v=onepage&q&f=false

WEEK 11 Issues: Old and New John, Mary E “The politics of quotas and the women's reservation bill in India. IN Gender equality in Asia: policies and political participation /ed. by Miyoko Tsujimura and Jackie F. Steele.- Sedai: Tohoku University Press, 2011. Pp.169-195.

Aparna Basu “Franchise” Indian Journal of Gender Studies 5(1) 1998. Pp. 127-29.

10 Rajeswari Sunder Rajan “Rethinking Law and Violence: The Domestic Violence (Prevention) Bill in India, 2002” Gender and History , Vol.16 No.3 November 2004, pp. 769–793.

Rukmini Sen “Women’s Subjectivities of Suffering and Legal Rhetoric on Domestic Violence: Fissures in the Two Discourses Indian Journal of Gender Studies, 17, 3 (2010): 375–401

Kalpana Kannabiran “The Law, Gender and Women” Economic and Political Weekly. 44:44 October 31st. 2009 pp. 33-35.

Kannabiran, Kalpana “Feminist deliberative politics in India”. IN Women’s movement in the global era: the power of local feminisms /ed. by Amrita Basu.- Boulder: Westview Press, 2010. p.119-156

WEEK 12 The Nirbhaya Case

Agnes Flavia 2013 “No Shortcuts to Rape” Economic and Political Weekly XLVIII:2. pp.1-4

Teltumbde Anand 2013 “Delhi Gang Rape Case: Some Uncomfortable Questions” Economic and Political Weekly Vol. XLVIII, No. 6. February 9th. Pp.10-11. Geetha V.2013 “On Impunity” Economic and Political Weekly XLVIII: 2. pp.1-3.

Maitrayee Chaudhuri “National and Global Media Discourse after savage death of ‘Nirbhaya’: Instant Access and Unequal Knowledge” in Nadja-Christina Schneider and Fritzi-Marie Titzmann, ed. Studying Youth, Media and Gender in Post- Liberalisation India: Focus on and Beyond the Delhi Gangrape Frank and Timme, Berlin, 2015. Pp. 19-44.

BBC Documentary- 'India's Daughter' on ... - YouTube www.youtube.com/watch?v=zJmk2wVtiSo

Suggested Readings for Part 4 Arjun Appadurai India's World: The Politics of Creativity In a Globalized Society. Rupa, Delhi, 2012.

Kalpana and Vasanth Kannabiran, De-Eroticizing Assault: Essays in Modesty, Honour and Power (Calcutta: Stree, 2002).

Arvind Rajagopal Politics After Television: Hindu Nationalism and the Reshaping of the Public in India Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2001.

Jeffrey, Robin India’s Newspaper Revolution: Capitalism, Politics and the Indian Language Press. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. 2000.

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Upadhya, Carol 2008 “Rewriting the code: software professionals and the reconstitution of Indian middle class identity”. In Christophe Jaffrelot and Peter van der Veer (eds) Patterns of Middle Class Consumption in India and China, New Delhi: Sage Publications. Pp. 55- 87.

Praveena Kodoth, V J Varghese “Protecting Women or Endangering the Emigration Process Emigrant Women Domestic Workers, Gender and State Policy” Economic & Political Weekly October 27, 2012 xlviI: 43 pp. 56-65.

Purnima Mankekar Screening Culture, Viewing Politics: An Ethnography of Television, Womanhood and Nation in Postcolonial India. Duke University Press, 1999.

Maitrayee Chaudhuri 2000 "Feminism" in Print Media' Indian Journal of Gender Studies, 7:2 pp. 263-88.

Full Text of Justice Verma Report http://www.thehindu.com/news/resources/full- text-of-justice-vermas-report-pdf/article4339457.ece

Rukmini Sen “Breaking Silences, Celebrating New Spaces: Mapping Elite Responses to the ‘Inclusive’ Judgement ” NUJS Law Review July September 2009, 2 NUJS L Rev pp. 481-503.

Nivedita Menon “Elusive ‘Woman’: Feminism and Women’s Reservation Bill” Economic and Political Weekly 35: 43/44. October 21st to November 3rd. 2000. Pp. 3835- 3844.

Agnes, Flavia. 1997. ‘Protecting Women against Violence?: Review of a Decade of Legislation, 1980–1989’, in Partha Chatterjee (ed.), State and Politics in Indi New Delhi: Oxford University Press. pp. 521–576.

Nalin Mehta India “News, Capitalism and Indian Capital” On television: How Satellite News Channels Have Changed the Way We Think and Act. Harper Collins, New Delhi, 2008. Chapter 2 Pp. 58-109.

Nadja-Christina Schneider and Fritzi-Marie Titzmann, ed. Studying Youth, Media and Gender in Post-Liberalisation India: Focus on and Beyond the Delhi Gangrape Frank and Timme, Berlin, 2015.

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