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Applied Linguistics Linguistics Edited by ‘This book treats diverse areas of Applied Linguistics in a consistently clear fashion. It will allow students to see the scope and value of Applied Linguistics in human life.’ Vivian Cook, Newcastle University ‘Under the expert stewardship of Li Wei, this text provides an excellent introduction to the field of Applied Linguistics and serves as a guide that stimulates interest in the field by demonstrating what Li Wei Applied Applied Linguistics can contribute to other disciplines.’ Terrence G. Wiley, President, Center for Applied Linguistics Linguistics ‘Sharp insights, absorbing examples, practical advice and clear explanations characterise this excellent introduction by the Birkbeck (London) team to the fascinating, diverse world of Applied Linguistics. Strongly recommended for newcomers to the field; it looks set to become the standard introduction.’ Tim McNamara, The University of Melbourne Applied Linguistics Applied Linguistics provides a complete survey of the core areas of Applied Linguistics, covering its theories, methods and key findings. The volume adopts a problem-solving approach, introducing students to key research questions raised by applied linguists, and guiding them through the various approaches to tackling these. This method enables students to identify everyday language and communication issues, and to draw on their own personal experiences when considering the application of theory and methodology to real-life scenarios. The book offers a wide and in-depth coverage of major topics in the field of Applied Linguistics, including first and second language acquisition, normal and atypical language development, literacy, language assessment, language and identity, language and gender, language contact, language policy and language planning, intercultural communication, language and the professions and translation. Students will also benefit from the study aids featured throughout the book, including chapter outlines, learning objectives, key terms, case studies, study activities, study questions and recommended reading. Heading up a vastly experienced and interdisciplinary team of contributors from the renowned Department of Applied Linguistics and Communication at Birkbeck College, University of London, editor Li Wei has created an enjoyable, informative and balanced introduction to the multi-faceted field of Applied Linguistics. Li Wei is Professor of Applied Linguistics at Birkbeck College, University of London, and Chair of University Council of General and Applied Linguistics (UCGAL), UK. He is Principal Editor of the International Journal of Bilingualism, and author and editor of numerous books and articles, including The Routledge Applied Linguistics Reader (2011), the award-winning The Blackwell Guide to Research Methods in Bilingualism and Multilingualism (ed. with Melissa Moyer, Wiley Blackwell, 2008) and Contemporary Applied Linguistics (2 volumes, ed. with Vivian Cook, 2009). Edited by Li Wei Linguistics Linguistics pb_9781405193580.indd 1 3/9/13 10:55:58 Applied Linguistics Introducing Linguistics This outstanding series is an indispensable resource for students and teachers – a concise and engaging introduction to the central subjects of contemporary linguistics. Presupposing no prior knowledge on the part of the reader, each volume sets out the fundamental skills and knowledge of the field, and so provides the ideal educational platform for further study in linguistics. 1. Andrew Spencer Phonology 2. John I. Saeed Semantics, Third Edition 3. Barbara Johnstone Discourse Analysis, Second Edition 4. Andrew Carnie Syntax, Third Edition 5. Anne Baker and Kees Hengeveld Linguistics 6. Li Wei, editor Applied Linguistics Applied Linguistics Edited by Li Wei This edition first published 2014 © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd Registered Office John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK Editorial Offices 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148–5020, USA 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services, and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell. The right of Li Wei to be identified as the author of the editorial material in this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author(s) have used their best efforts in preparing this book, they make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this book and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services and neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for damages arising herefrom. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Applied linguistics / Edited by Li Wei. pages cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4051-9359-7 (cloth) – ISBN 978-1-4051-9358-0 (pbk.) 1. Applied linguistics. I. Li, Wei P129.A665 2014 418–dc23 2013021026 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Cover image: Wu Guanzhong, The Easterly Breeze Blows Open the Wisteria (detail), 2009, ink and colour on paper. Hong Kong Museum of Art Collection Cover design by Nicki Averill Design. Set in 9.5/11.5pt Palatino SPi Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India 1 2014 Contents Notes on Contributors vii Acknowledgements ix 1 Introducing Applied Linguistics 1 Li Wei Part I Language in Development 27 2 First Language Acquisition 29 Zhu Hua 3 Second and Additional Language Acquisition 46 Jean-Marc Dewaele 4 Language and the Brain 69 Marjorie Lorch Part II Language in Use 89 5 Language in Interaction 91 María Elena Placencia 6 Intercultural Communication 112 Zhu Hua 7 Literacy and Multimodality 130 Li Wei, Lisa J. McEntee-Atalianis and Marjorie Lorch Part III Language in Society 149 8 Language Diversity and Contact 151 Penelope Gardner-Chloros 9 Language, Identity and Power 172 Lisa J. McEntee-Atalianis 10 Language Planning and Language Policy 191 Li Wei vi Contents Part IV Language in Public Life 211 11 Language Assessment 213 Li Wei 12 Language in Media, Health and Law 228 Malcolm Edwards 13 Translation and Interpreting 245 Malcolm Edwards Glossary 262 Resources List 270 Li Wei and Zhu Hua References 285 Index 303 Notes on Contributors Editor Li Wei is Chair of Applied Linguistics at Birkbeck College, University of London, UK, where he is also Pro-Vice-Master and Director of the Birkbeck Graduate Research School. His research interests are primarily in bilingualism and multilingualism. He is the Principal Editor of the International Journal of Bilingualism. Among his many publications is the award-winning Blackwell Guide to Research Methods in Bilingualism and Multilingualism (co- edited by Melissa Moyer). He is Chair of the University Council of General and Applied Linguistics (UCGAL), UK and an Academician of the Academy of Social Sciences, UK. Contributors Jean-Marc Dewaele is Professor of Applied Linguistics and Multilingualism at Birkbeck College, University of London, UK. His research interests cover a wide range including multilingualism, multiculturalism, and psycholinguistic, sociolinguistic, pragmatic and psychological aspects of second/foreign language acquisition and production. He is specifically interested in individual differences in foreign language acquisition and multilingualism. He has published numerous books and articles, including the mono- graph Emotions in Multilingual Languages. He is a former President of the European Second Language Association (EUROSLA) and is currently Editor of the International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism. Malcolm Edwards is Senior Lecturer in Applied Linguistics at Birkbeck College, University of London, UK. His research interests cover descriptive and theoretical syntax as well as Discourse Analysis and translation studies. He has published on the syntax of spoken Egyptian Arabic, grammatical issues in the analysis of code-switching, and semantic and pragmatic issues in film translation. Penelope Gardner-Chloros is Professor of Sociolinguistics and Language Contact at Birkbeck College, University of London, UK. Her research interests include code-switch- ing, pronouns of address, minority languages in Europe and bilingual arts and artists. She is author of Language Selection
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