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Press and Public Opinion : the Role of Kannada News Papers in Northern Karnataka Region

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Press and Public Opinion : the Role of Kannada News Papers in Northern Karnataka Region International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention ISSN (Online): 2319 – 7722, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 7714 www.ijhssi.org Volume 2 Issue 10 ǁ October. 2013ǁ PP.01-05 Press And Public Opinion : The Role Of Kannada News Papers In Northern Karnataka Region 1,D.S.Shivarudrappa , 2,Dr.K.Puttaraju, 1,PhD Scholar, Department of Communication, Central College, Bangalore University, PK block, Palace Road, Bnagalore -560009 2,Department of Communication, Central College, Bangalore University, PK block, Palace Road, Bnagalore - 560009 ABSTRACT: Journalism was one of the earliest forms of mass communication to emerge and acquire institutional and social recognition since 15th century. Journalism was in practice since the days of Roman civilization. The vernacular journalism as opposed to distinct English journalism is one of the historical truisms. In reality the vernacular Journalism is quite promising and powerful in terms of information diffusion and public opinion formation. The present study analyses the history of journalism in India and Karnataka in particular in a historical perspective. The main objective of the study is to find out the role of press in molding in public opinion. This paper sprucely gives an overview of the role of Kannada news papers in creating public opinion in northern Karnataka region in a sociological perspective. The study has revealed many interesting findings in respect of the role of Kannada news paper in the emergence of a state and also its contribution to freedom struggle, state unification and public opinion at large in the Northern part of Karnataka and state as a whole. KEYWORDS: Indian journalism, press in Karnataka, influence of press, social change, impact. I. INTRODUCTION Communication is considered as an instinct and a characteristic of all living organisms. Mass communication is one of the most useful contributions of modern civilization. It is an important source of public information not only to indivisuals, but also society as a whole. Communication has been able to integrate human beings in society. Modern civilization is greatly benefited by knowledge system and its application for fostering species within the system of knowledge. Communication has been accorded greater importance in modern times and has wider usage and ramifications.Communication is a promoter in the growth of society and an important factor in the process of socio-economic development, political and national integration. Communication is perceived as an essential component of national development and political integration as well as knowledge. It has been largely influenced by communication discipline, science, literature, art, linguistics and other philosophical ideas. Communication has played a vital role in the development, preservation and dissemination of knowledge since time immemorial. The role of communication is very crucial in the advancement of education as well. Therefore, communication has multidisciplinary ideas and multidisciplinary approaches. The emotional aspect of communication has been adequately articulated in psychology and is regarded as a procedure by which one realizes himself. The role of communication is integrated to the centrality of the truth. (Sereno and Bodokin).Traditionally communication is perceived as a source of knowledge. Communication finds a supreme form of expression of human experience and beauty, i.e. satyam, shivam and sundaram. The effects of communication in modern society are multifunctional and multidimensional. II. INDIAN JOURNALISM Journalism was one of the earliest forms of mass communication to emerge and acquire institutional and social recognition since 15th century. Journalism was in practice since the days of Roman civilization. Roman, Greek, Mesopotamian and other axis civilizations have practiced journalism in one form or the other. The dominance of Anglo Saxon power during the colonial rule is part of history. News books, Newsletters, corontos, news magazines and news papers are some of the examples in the evolutionary process of modern journalism. Modern journalism came to India as part of British legacy with the publication of Bengal gazette or Calcutta General Advertiser in the year 1780 by James Augustus Hicky. Raja Ram Mohan Roy brought a revolution in the history of vernacular journalism by publishing three vernacular news papers. News papers have rendered yeoman service to the Indian public and political service to the democratic aspirations of people. News papers have played a number of roles in performing their duties to the society. Journalism and its commitment to the public service and search for the truth in public life are exemplary. www.ijhssi.org 1 | P a g e Press And Public Opinion… (Nadig Krishnamurthy, 1966). The first war of Indian Independence was responsible for the introduction of Gagging Act of 1857 resulting in restriction on the Indian press. The Indian press tackled a variety of native issues such as sati, caste system, widow remarriage, anti- English sentiments, polygamy and other public problems. The Indian press vigorously promoted Indian way of life. The English press served largely the interests of English educated people.Balagangadhara natha Tilak, Mahatma Gandhi, Aurobindo Gosh, B.B.Upadyaya, B.N.Dutta, Annie Besant, N.L.Kelkar and a host of other national leaders took to journalism in a big way. The press played a heroic role during freedom struggle after independence. The Indian press emerged as a national player and public service Institution. English journalism in India served as a propaganda instrument of British raj. On the other hand Indian language journalism reflected Indian aspirations. III. THE PRESS IN KARNATAKA. Kannada journalism is an important segment of Indian journalism. The vernacular journalism as opposed to distinct English journalism is one of the historical truisms. This may be seen in the contemporary growth of Indian Journalism with the numerical dominance of language press. In reality, the vernacular Journalism is quite promising and powerful in terms of information diffusion and public opinion formation. The German Missionaries and Christian scholars established the first printing press and publishing centers in Karnataka. Kannada newspaper has a legacy which reflects patriotism, public service and professional excellence. Kannada press has contributed immensely for the national independence, unification of Karnataka, democratic evolution, social change, economic development, cultural revolution and all-round progress of the state, The public at large have actively patronized the professional Journalism inKarnataka. Many stalwarts have sacrificed their lot for the development of the Kannada Press. Prominent among them include-Henry Moegling, M. Venkatakrishnaiah, YajamanVeerabasappa, Dr.D.V. Gundappa, T.T. Sharma, P.R. Ramayya, B.N. Gupta, Moharay HanumathaRao, R.R. Diwakar, N.S.Hardikar,B. Puttaswamaiah, T.S. Ramachandra Rao and a galaxy of other media personalities. The emergence of vernacular journalism in all the Indian languages is an important development in the history of Indian journalism. It is evident that news papers encouraged almost simultaneously due to British influence in all the Indian languages. The numerical dominance, growth and influence of language journalism in India would testify the emergence of press in the languages including Kannada press. Kannada journalism was largely influenced by the active interest and the participation of many distinguished editors who were also eminent writers in Kannada language. The influence of English press and vernacular journalism was tremendous. The growth of press in Mysore, Bangalore, had its impact on people of Mumbai-Karnataka also Hubli, Dharwad, Belgaum and a few important centers saw the growth of press in Mumbai-Karnataka. It is recorded that the first news paper to be started in Mumbai-Karnataka was the Subuddi Prakashika in 1849. The well known writer Dr.D.V.Gundappa was the first to write a brief outline of the development of Kannada journalism in Mysore state. In his book The Press in Mysore state, Dr.D.V.Gundappa had observed that Karnataka prakashida was the first news paper started in old Mysore state in the year 1859 at Mysore city. Dr.D.V.Gundappa estimates that the Kannada journalism emerged in Karnataka due to the active participation of many eminent journalists like Bhasym Bhasyacharya, Venkatakrishnaiah and soon. Dr.Nadig Krishnamurthy in his book Indian journalism writes that the first news paper ever to appear in Karnataka was an Urdu news paper. The first Kannada news paper according to Nadig Krishnamurthy was Kannada Samachara, which was started at Bellary in the year 1843. The early Kannada news papers were started by Christian missionaries. According to him early Kannada news papers were benefited by the efforts of Christian missionaries such as Basel, Wesleyan and other Catholic Christian service institutions dedicated to the religious and educational services. Hosagannadadha Arunodaya by Dr.Sreenivasa Havanoora is the first serious research work which has established that the first Kannada news papers ever to be published in Karnataka was the Mangaloora Samachara by Basel mission in Mangalore city first. (Nadiga Krishnamurthy, 1966) Sreenivasa Havanoora clearly provides historical evidence to prove that the very first news paper of Kannada was Mangaloora Samachara in 1843. Kannada Samachara was another news paper started by the same missionaries at Bellary later. Sreenivasa Havanoora also confirms
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