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Le Rôle Des Écrits Érotiques Dans Le Développement De L’Antimonachisme Au Xviiie Siècle (1700-1789) Émoire De Master 1 Master De Émoire M

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Le Rôle Des Écrits Érotiques Dans Le Développement De L’Antimonachisme Au Xviiie Siècle (1700-1789) Émoire De Master 1 Master De Émoire M Diplôme national de master Domaine - sciences humaines et sociales Mention - histoire civilisation patrimoine 2019 Parcours - cultures de l’écrit et de l’image juin / Le rôle des écrits érotiques dans le développement de l’antimonachisme au XVIIIe siècle (1700-1789) émoire de master 1 master de émoire M Camille YASSINE Sous la direction de Philippe MARTIN Professeur des universités – Université Lumière Lyon 2, ISERL Remerciements Cette première année de recherche fut très enrichissante d’un point de vue méthodologique, personnel et professionnel mais a néanmoins nécessité le concours de plusieurs personnes qu’il me faut remercier et sans qui l’écriture de ce mémoire n’aurait pas été possible. En premier lieu, je tiens à adresser mes remerciements à mon directeur de mémoire, Monsieur Philippe Martin, pour ses relectures et ses retours réguliers qui m’ont toujours été d’une aide précieuse. Ma reconnaissance va également à Monsieur Dominique Varry pour ses conseils avisés et son expertise dans le domaine de la littérature clandestine. J’aimerais aussi dire merci à Corentin pour son aide informatique, pour la réalisation des graphiques, mais aussi et surtout pour ses encouragements constants depuis le début de mes études universitaires. Je suis reconnaissance à Lucile pour ses relectures et pour tous ces moments de travail que nous avons partagé dans la bonne humeur. Enfin, je remercie tout particulièrement ma famille à qui je dois tout et dont le soutien m’a permis d’être aujourd’hui l’autrice du présent mémoire. YASSINE Camille | Master 1 Cultures de l’écrit et de l’image | Mémoire | juin 2019 - 3 - Droits d’auteur réservés. OU Résumé : Le XVIIIe siècle est caractéristique de la naissance d’une opinion publique, laquelle aurait participé de l’érection d’un nouveau modèle à la Révolution française. En partant de ce constat, les écrits érotiques, peuvent, à leur manière, être porteurs d’une opinion qui aurait contribué à déstabiliser les fondements des institutions d’Ancien Régime, tout en attaquant également d’autres préceptes moraux du siècle. La critique du monachisme est un sujet récurrent dans ces écrits érotiques qui revêtent parfois une dimension philosophique ou satirique. Tout l’enjeu du mémoire sera de voir quelle importance revêt l’antimonachisme au sein de ces écrits afin de pouvoir dégager l’impact que ces idées philosophico-libertines ont eu dans les mentalités et l’opinion de la période pré-révolutionnaire, juste avant que ne soit supprimées les congrégations religieuses. Descripteurs : XVIIIe siècle, Ancien Régime, censure, littérature clandestine, écrits érotiques, monachisme, congrégations religieuses, réseaux clandestins, livres prohibés, sexualité, pornographie, libertinage. Abstract : The eighteenth century is characteristic of the birth of public opinion, which is supposed to have contributed to the establishment of a new model erection during the French Revolution. Based on this observation, erotic writings may have, in their own way, provided an opinion which contributed the erosion of the foundation of the Ancien Regime institutions, while tackling other moral precepts of the century at the same time. Criticism of monasticism is a recurring subject in erotic writings which sometimes have a philosophical or satirical dimension. The purpose of this research paper is to observe how important antimonasticism is in these writings in order to identify the impact these philosophical-libertine ideas had on pre-revolutionary period mentalities and opinions, just before the abolition of religious congregations. Keywords : Eighteenth century, Ancien Régime, censorship, underground literature, erotic writings, monk, monachism, religious congregations, prohibited books, sexuality, pornography, libertinism YASSINE Camille | Master 1 Cultures de l’écrit et de l’image | Mémoire | juin 2019 - 4 - Droits d’auteur réservés. OU Erreur ! Source du renvoi introuvable. Droits d’auteurs Droits d’auteur réservés. Toute reproduction sans accord exprès de l’auteur à des fins autres que strictement personnelles est prohibée. OU Cette création est mise à disposition selon le Contrat : « Paternité-Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale-Pas de Modification 4.0 France » disponible en ligne http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/deed.frou par courrier postal à Creative Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California 94105, USA. YASSINE Camille | Master 1 Cultures de l’écrit et de l’image | Mémoire | juin 2019 - 5 - Droits d’auteur réservés. OU Sommaire SIGLES ET ABREVIATIONS ............................................................................ 9 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 11 LA SPECIFICITE DU GENRE ........................................................................ 19 I. L’écrit érotique au XVIIIe siècle ................................................. 19 1. Histoire du genre et contextualisation ....................................... 19 2. Les codes du genre .................................................................... 22 II. Littérature érotique, littérature clandestine .............................. 27 1. Littérature prohibée ................................................................... 27 2. Le marché de la littérature clandestine érotique ........................ 31 III. Un genre critique ? ...................................................................... 35 1. L’écrit érotique comme prétexte à la critique ? .......................... 35 2. Une arme politique ? ................................................................. 39 L’UTILISATION DE LA FIGURE MONACALE DANS LES ECRITS EROTIQUES ..................................................................................................... 43 I. L’antimonachisme au XVIIIe siècle ............................................ 43 1. Une remise en cause des institutions ecclésiastiques .................. 43 2. Antimonachisme : histoire et état des lieux ................................ 46 3. Le moine : lieu commun de la littérature érotique ...................... 50 II. L’importance du religieux dans le corpus de l’enfer ................. 53 1. Tentative de statistiques : comment mesurer la production ? ..... 53 2. Insertion et spécificité de l’utilisation des conventuels dans le corpus .................................................................................................................... 60 3. Les gravures .................................................................................... 67 III. Les différents traitements de la figure du moine ....................... 72 1. Les différentes représentations de moines .................................. 72 2. Couvents masculins ................................................................... 76 3. Couvents féminins ...................................................................... 78 L’IMPACT DE CETTE LITTERATURE ........................................................ 82 I. Entre fantasmes et dénonciation ................................................. 82 1. La philosophie antimonastique et le recours à la nature ............ 82 2. Hypocrisie et mœurs douteuses .................................................. 86 3. Fantasmes ou réalités ? ............................................................. 90 II. La réception des écrits érotiques ................................................ 96 1. Le marquis d’Argens et les réseaux de distribution .................... 97 2. La circulation des ouvrages érotiques antimonastiques ............ 102 YASSINE Camille | Master 1 Cultures de l’écrit et de l’image | Mémoire | juin 2019 - 7 - Droits d’auteur réservés. OU Sommaire 3. Analyse des éditions et du succès des œuvres : l’exemple du Portier des Chartreux ................................................................................ 104 III. Le tribunal de l’opinion ............................................................ 109 1. Tentative d’évaluation de l’impact ........................................... 109 2. Réseaux clandestins = sédition ? ............................................. 112 CONCLUSION ................................................................................................ 115 SOURCES ........................................................................................................ 117 BIBLIOGRAPHIE .......................................................................................... 121 ANNEXES ........................................................................................................ 125 TABLE DES ILLUSTRATIONS .................................................................... 139 TABLE DES MATIERES ............................................................................... 141 YASSINE Camille | Master 1 Cultures de l’écrit et de l’image | Mémoire | juin 2019 - 8 - Droits d’auteur réservés. OU Sigles et abréviations BnF : Bibliothèque nationale de France STN : Société typographique de Neuchâtel ENSSIB : École nationale supérieure des sciences de l’information et des bibliothèques Ibid. : Ibidem Op.cit. : Opus citatum YASSINE Camille | Master 1 Cultures de l’écrit et de l’image | Mémoire | juin 2019 - 9 - Droits d’auteur réservés. OU INTRODUCTION « En étudiant la naissance des idées, ou du moins leurs métamorphoses ; en les suivant le long de leur route dans leurs faibles commencements, dans la façon qu’elles ont de s’affirmer et de s’enhardir, dans leur progrès, dans leurs victoires successives et dans leur triomphe final,
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