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1 KING of CHILDREN Betty Jean Liffton (Biography of Janusz Korczak)
KING OF CHILDREN Betty Jean Liffton (Biography of Janusz Korczak) Who was Janusz Korczak? “The lives of great men are like legends-difficult but beautiful.” Janusz Korczak once wrote, and it was true of his. Yet most Americans have never heard of Korczak, Polish-Jewish children’s writer and educator who is as well known in Europe as Anne Frank. Like her, he died in the Holocaust and left behind a diary; unlike her, he had a chance to escape that fate-a chance he chose not to take. His legend began on August 6, 1942; during the early stages of the Nazi liquidation of the Warsaw Ghetto-though his dedication to destitute children was legendary long before the war. When the Germans ordered his famous orphanage evacuated, Korczak was forced to gather together the two hundred children in his care. He led them with quiet dignity on that final march through the ghetto streets to the train that would take them to “resettlement in the East ” -the Nazi euphemism for the death camp Treblinka. He was to die as Henryk Goldszmit, the name he was born with, but it was by his pseudonym that he would be remembered. It was Janusz Korczak who introduced progressive orphanages designed as just communities into Poland, founded the first national children’s newspaper, trained teachers in what we now call moral education, and worked in juvenile courts defending children’s rights. His books How to Love a Child and The Child’s Right to Respect gave parents and teachers new insights into child psychology. -
Z Otchłani: Wspomnienia Z Lagru)
From the Abyss: Memories from the Camp (Z otchłani: Wspomnienia z lagru) Author: Zofia Kossak First Published: 1946 Translations: Italian (Il campo della morte, 1947); French (Du fond de l’abime, Seigneur, 1951). About the Author: Zofia Kossak (1889–1968) was a Polish Catholic writer dealing mainly with Catholic subjects. During World War II she lived in Warsaw, working for the Polish underground resistance organisation. She was the co-founder of the Catho- lic underground organisation Front for the Rebirth of Poland (Front Odrodzenia Polski) and initiator of the Council to Aid Jews Żegota. On 25 September 1943, she was arrested under the false name Zofia Śliwińska and held captive in the local Pawiak prison. From 5 October 1943 until 12 April 1944 she was imprisoned in the Auschwitz- Birkenau concentration camp. When Nazis discovered her true identity, she was sen- tenced to death, but released through the efforts of the leaders of the underground re- sistance. Kossak lived in England after the war, returning to Poland in 1957. In 1985 she was awarded the honorary title “Righteous Among the Nations” for her involve- ment in Żegota. Further Important Publications: W piekle (In Hell, 1942; journalism); Wigilia na Pawia- ku (Christmas Eve in Pawiak, 1946; nonfiction); Konspiracja w konspiracji (Conspiracy in the Conspiracy, 1950; nonfiction); Naglące wołanie (Urgent Call, 1953; personal nar- rative). Content and Interpretation From the Abyss presents the author’s accounts of her seven-month imprisonment in the women’s concentration camp Auschwitz-Birkenau, written in the impersonal form. Presenting the story from the perspective of a Catholic, Kossak frames the ex- perience of suffering by camp prisoners in the context of Christianity. -
THE POLISH POLICE Collaboration in the Holocaust
THE POLISH POLICE Collaboration in the Holocaust Jan Grabowski The Polish Police Collaboration in the Holocaust Jan Grabowski INA LEVINE ANNUAL LECTURE NOVEMBER 17, 2016 The assertions, opinions, and conclusions in this occasional paper are those of the author. They do not necessarily reflect those of the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. First printing, April 2017 Copyright © 2017 by Jan Grabowski THE INA LEVINE ANNUAL LECTURE, endowed by the William S. and Ina Levine Foundation of Phoenix, Arizona, enables the Center to bring a distinguished scholar to the Museum each year to conduct innovative research on the Holocaust and to disseminate this work to the American public. Wrong Memory Codes? The Polish “Blue” Police and Collaboration in the Holocaust In 2016, seventy-one years after the end of World War II, the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs disseminated a long list of “wrong memory codes” (błędne kody pamięci), or expressions that “falsify the role of Poland during World War II” and that are to be reported to the nearest Polish diplomat for further action. Sadly—and not by chance—the list elaborated by the enterprising humanists at the Polish Foreign Ministry includes for the most part expressions linked to the Holocaust. On the long list of these “wrong memory codes,” which they aspire to expunge from historical narrative, one finds, among others: “Polish genocide,” “Polish war crimes,” “Polish mass murders,” “Polish internment camps,” “Polish work camps,” and—most important for the purposes of this text—“Polish participation in the Holocaust.” The issue of “wrong memory codes” will from time to time reappear in this study. -
The Flag with Fifty-Six Stars a Gift from the Survivors of Mauthausen by Susan Goldman Rubin Illustrated in Full Color by Bill Farnsworth
EDUCATOR’S GUIDE The Flag with Fifty-six Stars A Gift from the Survivors of Mauthausen by Susan Goldman Rubin illustrated in full color by Bill Farnsworth 1 8 ⁄2 x 11 • Reinforced Hardcover ISBN 0-8234-1653-4 • $16.95 40 pages • Ages 6–10 ABOUT THE BOOK On May 6,1945, when members of the 11th Armored Division of the U.S. Army marched into Mauthausen concentration camp, they were presented with an extraordinary gift. A group of prisoners had surreptitiously pieced together a U.S. flag with an extra row of stars. This inspiring account of the liberation of one of the Third Reich’s most infamous camps is a tribute to the humanity and hope preserved by the survivors. ABOUT THE GUIDE This educator’s guide is designed to incorporate The Flag with Fifty-six Stars into an already established curriculum about the Holocaust. It can also be used as a supplemental text to a discussion about concentration camps. Educators may choose to follow the lesson plan exactly, or they may choose to include activities that tie in closely with their planned curriculum. Holiday House www.holidayhouse.com MAUTHAUSEN’S PLACE IN HISTORY 12. When Colonel Richard Seibel arrived in Mauthausen, how did he react? Why did the prisoners give him the Mauthausen was set high on the hills above the Danube flag with fifty-six stars? River, near where Adolf Hitler grew up in Linz, Austria. The area had once been popular with hikers, but was 13. What did the flag with fifty-six stars symbolize to chosen for its granite quarries. -
Using Diaries to Understand the Final Solution in Poland
Miranda Walston Witnessing Extermination: Using Diaries to Understand the Final Solution in Poland Honours Thesis By: Miranda Walston Supervisor: Dr. Lauren Rossi 1 Miranda Walston Introduction The Holocaust spanned multiple years and states, occurring in both German-occupied countries and those of their collaborators. But in no one state were the actions of the Holocaust felt more intensely than in Poland. It was in Poland that the Nazis constructed and ran their four death camps– Treblinka, Sobibor, Chelmno, and Belzec – and created combination camps that both concentrated people for labour, and exterminated them – Auschwitz and Majdanek.1 Chelmno was the first of the death camps, established in 1941, while Treblinka, Sobibor, and Belzec were created during Operation Reinhard in 1942.2 In Poland, the Nazis concentrated many of the Jews from countries they had conquered during the war. As the major killing centers of the “Final Solution” were located within Poland, when did people in Poland become aware of the level of death and destruction perpetrated by the Nazi regime? While scholars have attributed dates to the “Final Solution,” predominantly starting in 1942, when did the people of Poland notice the shift in the treatment of Jews from relocation towards physical elimination using gas chambers? Or did they remain unaware of such events? To answer these questions, I have researched the writings of various people who were in Poland at the time of the “Final Solution.” I am specifically addressing the information found in diaries and memoirs. Given language barriers, this thesis will focus only on diaries and memoirs that were written in English or later translated and published in English.3 This thesis addresses twenty diaries and memoirs from people who were living in Poland at the time of the “Final Solution.” Most of these diaries (fifteen of twenty) were written by members of the intelligentsia. -
ISCHE 2014 Book of Abstracts
i Published 2014 by ISCHE. ISSN 2313-1837 These abstracts are set in Baskerville Old Face, designed in 1757 by John Baskerville in Birmingham, UK. A writing master, businessman, printer and type designer, he conducted experiments to improve legibility which also included paper making and ink manufacturing. In 1758, he was appointed printer to Cambridge University Press, and despite his personal Atheism, printed a folio Bible in 1763. His typefaces were greatly admired for their simplicity and refinement by Pierre Simon Fournier, and Giambattista Bodoni. Benjamin Franklin, printer and fellow member of the Royal Society of Arts, took the designs to the US, where they were adopted for most federal Government publishing. Baskerville type was revived in 1917 by Harvard University Press and may nowadays be found in Microsoft Word. ii Contents Welcome p. iii Acknowledgements p. viii Conference theme p. x Keynotes: biographies and abstracts p. xi Early career bursaries p. xiv Brian Simon bursaries p. xv Guide to using abstract book p. xvi Abstracts of papers p. 1 (In alphabetical order of authors) Synopses of panels p. 385 (In order of sessions presented at conference) Name index / list of presenters p. 422 iii Welcome To all delegates at ISCHE 36 – a very warm welcome to London! We are looking forward very much indeed to hosting this great event, exploring the immense theme of education, war and peace. My thanks go first of all to the ISCHE executive committee for supporting this event, to the UK History of Education Society as the national hosts, and to the Institute of Education at the University of London for the use of its extensive facilities for the conference. -
Full List of Book Discussion Kits – September 2016
Full List of Book Discussion Kits – September 2016 1776 by David McCullough -(Large Print) Esteemed historian David McCullough details the 12 months of 1776 and shows how outnumbered and supposedly inferior men managed to fight off the world's greatest army. Abraham: A Journey to the Heart of Three Faiths by Bruce Feiler - In this timely and uplifting journey, the bestselling author of Walking the Bible searches for the man at the heart of the world's three monotheistic religions -- and today's deadliest conflicts. Abundance: a novel of Marie Antoinette by Sena Jeter Naslund - Marie Antoinette lived a brief--but astounding--life. She rebelled against the formality and rigid protocol of the court; an outsider who became the target of a revolution that ultimately decided her fate. After This by Alice McDermott - This novel of a middle-class American family, in the middle decades of the twentieth century, captures the social, political, and spiritual upheavals of their changing world. Ahab's Wife, or the Star-Gazer by Sena Jeter Naslund - Inspired by a brief passage in Melville's Moby-Dick, this tale of 19th century America explores the strong-willed woman who loved Captain Ahab. Aindreas the Messenger: Louisville, Ky, 1855 by Gerald McDaniel - Aindreas is a young Irish-Catholic boy living in gaudy, grubby Louisville in 1855, a city where being Irish, Catholic, German or black usually means trouble. The Alchemist by Paulo Coelho - A fable about undauntingly following one's dreams, listening to one's heart, and reading life's omens features dialogue between a boy and an unnamed being. -
Peter Black Odilo Globocnik, Nazi Eastern Policy, and the Implementation of the Final Solution
www.doew.at – Dokumentationsarchiv des österreichischen Widerstandes (Hrsg.), Forschungen zum Natio- nalsozialismus und dessen Nachwirkungen in Österreich. Festschrift für Brigitte Bailer, Wien 2012 91 Peter Black Odilo Globocnik, Nazi Eastern Policy, and the Implementation of the Final Solution During the spring of 1943, while on an inspection tour of occupied Poland that included a briefing on the annihilation of the Polish Jews, SS Personnel Main Office chief Maximilian von Herff characterized Lublin District SS and Police Leader and SS-Gruppenführer Odilo Globocnik, in the following way: “A man fully charged with all possible light and dark sides. Little concerned with ap- pearances, fanatically obsessed with the task, [he] engages himself to the limit without concern for health or superficial recognition. His energy drives him of- ten to breach existing boundaries and to forget the boundaries established for him within the [SS-] Order – not out of personal ambition, but much more for the sake of his obsession with the matter at hand. His success speaks unconditionally for him.”1 Von Herff’s analysis of Globocnik’s reflected a consistent pattern in the ca- reer of the Nazi Party organizer and SS officer, who characteristically atoned for his transgressions of the National Socialist code of behavior by fanatical pursuit and implementation of core Nazi goals.2 Globocnik was born to Austro-Croat parents on April 21, 1904 in multina- tional Trieste, then the principal seaport of the Habsburg Monarchy. His father’s family had come from Neumarkt (Tržič), in Slovenia. Franz Globocnik served as a Habsburg cavalry lieutenant and later a senior postal official; he died of pneumonia on December 1, 1919. -
Holocaust Glossary
Holocaust Glossary A ● Allies: 26 nations led by Great Britain, the United States, and the Soviet Union that opposed Germany, Italy, and Japan (known as the Axis powers) in World War II. ● Antisemitism: Hostility toward or hatred of Jews as a religious or ethnic group, often accompanied by social, economic, or political discrimination. (USHMM) ● Appellplatz: German word for the roll call square where prisoners were forced to assemble. (USHMM) ● Arbeit Macht Frei: “Work makes you free” is emblazoned on the gates at Auschwitz and was intended to deceive prisoners about the camp’s function (Holocaust Museum Houston) ● Aryan: Term used in Nazi Germany to refer to non-Jewish and non-Gypsy Caucasians. Northern Europeans with especially “Nordic” features such as blonde hair and blue eyes were considered by so-called race scientists to be the most superior of Aryans, members of a “master race.” (USHMM) ● Auschwitz: The largest Nazi concentration camp/death camp complex, located 37 miles west of Krakow, Poland. The Auschwitz main camp (Auschwitz I) was established in 1940. In 1942, a killing center was established at Auschwitz-Birkenau (Auschwitz II). In 1941, Auschwitz-Monowitz (Auschwitz III) was established as a forced-labor camp. More than 100 subcamps and labor detachments were administratively connected to Auschwitz III. (USHMM) Pictured right: Auschwitz I. B ● Babi Yar: A ravine near Kiev where almost 34,000 Jews were killed by German soldiers in two days in September 1941 (Holocaust Museum Houston) ● Barrack: The building in which camp prisoners lived. The material, size, and conditions of the structures varied from camp to camp. -
90 JERZY TOMASZEWSKI Were Inferior
Acta Poloniae Historica Jerzy Tomaszewski 19, 1968 THE NATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE WORKING CLASS IN THE SOUTH-EASTERN PART OF POLAND (1918-1939) Ascertainment of the real size of the national minorities within Poland's pre-1939 frontiers is a problem hedged with many difficulties. When the 1921 census was carried out, the migratory movement had not yet ceased, so that the reliability of the data is somewhat dubious.1 When the next census was carried out, in 1931, the objective circumstances were more auspicious, but the data were falsified by the administrative authorities, 2 so that subsidiary data have to be used to correct the bias. In the south-eastern part of Poland, comprising the then provinces of Lublin, Cracow, Lwów, Tarnopol, Stanisławów and Wołyń, which were largely inhabited by Ukrainians, questions of nationality were extremely complicated. Apart from Ukrainians, these areas contained Poles, Jews, small colonies of Czechs and Germans, and in the province of Polesie lived Byelorussians and Ukrainians. In some counties, the people still had little feeling of nationality. Polish nationalists sometimes denied the existence of the Ukrainians as a nation, or declared they 1 J. Tomaszewski, Z dziejów Polesia 1921-1939. Zarys stosunków spoleczno-ekonomicz~ nych [The History of Polesie, 1921 - 1939. Outline of Socio-Economic Conditions], Warszawa 1963, pp. 20-22. Vide also A. Krysiński, Liczba i rozmieszczenie Ukraińców w Polsce [Number and Distribution of Ukrainians in Poland]. Warszawa 1929, passim. * According to E. Szturm de Sztrem, officials of the political departments in the District Offices went over the filled-in census forms and in the column marked "mother tongue" scored out some of the replies and wrote "Polish" Sometimes they actcd similarly with regard to the column marked "religion," in which case they wrote "Roman Catholic;" but this happened rare- ly. -
My Father and I
My Father and I My Father and I The Marais and the Queerness of Community David Caron Cornell University Press ithaca and london Copyright © 2009 by Cornell University All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or parts thereof, must not be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher. For information, address Cornell University Press, Sage House, 512 East State Street, Ithaca, New York 14850. First published 2009 by Cornell University Press Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Caron, David (David Henri) My father and I : the Marais and the queerness of community / David Caron. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8014-4773-0 (cloth : alk. paper) 1. Marais (Paris, France)—History. 2. Gay community—France—Paris—History. 3. Jewish neighborhoods—France—Paris—History. 4. Homosexuality—France—Paris— History. 5. Jews—France—Paris—History. 6. Gottlieb, Joseph, 1919–2004. 7. Caron, David (David Henri)—Family. I. Title. DC752.M37C37 2009 306.76'6092244361—dc22 2008043686 Cornell University Press strives to use environmentally responsible sup- pliers and materials to the fullest extent possible in the publishing of its books. Such materials include vegetable- based, low- VOC inks and acid- free papers that are recycled, totally chlorine- free, or partly composed of nonwood fibers. For further information, visit our website at www .cornellpress .cornell .edu . Cloth printing 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 In memory of Joseph Gottlieb, my father And for all my other friends Contents IOU ix Prologue. -
^Sehorse Junior Awmg British Breeders
s 8 4 THE NEW YORK HERALD>, SUNDAY, JUNE 18, 1922. ! AMAZING RECORDS <CYLLENE'S PLACE ILatest News and Gossip ARMY TO COMPETE MORVICH'S RIVALS OF A8TOR RACERS AS RACING SIRE' About the Horse Shows FOR POLO HONORS> IN $60,000RACE <$, ...... r.* ' s and Owners of Snob and BLUE FRONTf Jl Expatriated American His Descendants Predominate Press Agent's Occupation Is I Running Meetings Horses Players Arriving Pillory, the Man of the Hour in Turf Glassies Gone as Promoter of n * I 1 t <a nnn on I*>n£ Island to Train for Others Hopeful of Winning SALES Horseman England's to De neia m i f $^sehorse Junior Awmg British Breeders. This Season. Exhibits. PublicityCovington, Ky June (i-July 8 Championships. Kentucky Special. STABLESI IkW AUCTIONS Muntrcul, ( tin June bo(4 LEXINGTON Aqurdurl, N. Y Juno 10-July 7 24 Street Ty TP THIRD AVE. llnmUtun, Cun .June SU-July 3 rACTGKs IN THiF The prominence of the blocH of By G. CHAPLIN. I. Curt Krir. Cnu July 4-U About fifty polo horses will be Need of such a turf test as the 150,000 OLASSTCix I tankers, N. Y luty H-3U at »ije Mlneola fair grounds assembledon Kentucky Special, a scale weight race of "The Recognized Eastern Disbributkig Centre for Horses" ti.e winners and contoiaderaCyl!nof Tho scarcity of show horses la leading i Windsor, Can July 13-80 Island this week 15 Hnniiltun, Can July 31-Aug. 7 Uong for the use of one mile and a quarter, to be run next i he classic races in England this season to some queer practices this season In United States Army officers who are Saratoga.