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Heinz Albert Fischel HEINZ ALBERT FISCHEL THE RABBINIC CONCEPTION OF PROPHECY THESIS Hi FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIRE­ MENTS FOR THE ACQUISITION OF 1HE DEGRffi OF K PH. D. AT THE UNIVERSITY OF 1CDIN- BURGtf; SCOTLAND. 1944 TABL2 OF COIITiaiTS BIBLIOGRAPHY .................................... 1 INTRODUCTION .................................... 19 CH. I* RABBINIC LEGALISE AND ITS CON­ CEPTION OF PROPHECY ...................... 26 CH. H. RABBINIC PIETISM AND ITS CON­ CEPTION OF PROPHECY ...................... 83 CH. III. RABBINIC RATIONALISM AND ITS CON­ CEPTION OF PROPHECY ...................... 124 CH. IV. GNOSTIC, MYSTIC, AND APOCALYPTIC CONCEPTIONS AND THE RABBINIC VIEW ON PROPHECY .............................. 193 CH. V. THE CONCEPTION OF PROPHECY IN POPULAR RELIGION ......................... 259 EPILOGUE ........................................ 321 APPENDIX. THE PROPHETS ACCORDING TO JEWISH TRADITION ................................ 357 TABLE OF CONTENTS (DETAILED!* GL CH. I. RABBINIC PBtfflSM A1ID ITS CONCEPTION OF PROPHECY* I THE PROPHET AS FOUNDER OF FUNDAMENTAL INSTITUTIONS. II THE LIMITATIONS OF THE PROPHETIC POWER. THE TORAH'S, MOSES', THE RABBIS1 SUPERIORITY.. THE SHORTCOMINGS AND TRANSGRESSIONS OF THE PROPHETS.. Ill THE POSITIVE EVALUATION OF THE PROPHETl AS TALMUDIST.. IV.. AS CHAMPION FOR THE LAW.. AS PARAKLETOS AND MOURNER FOR THE PEOPLE OF THE LAW.. V MINOR CONCEPTIONS* THE PROPHET GLORIFYING GOD.. AS MESSENGER. .AS SHEPHERD.. ACTING SYMBOLICALLY.. PARALLEL TO HELLENIC STI)C CONCEPTIONS i THE PROPHET AS INQUIRER.. AS CHRONICLER. RHETOR. .MISSIONARY * .FOUNDER OF CIVILIZATION AS SAGEs VI WISDOM AS A PRESUPPOSITION FOR PROPHECY. AS IDENTICAL V/ITH PROPHECY.. AS JUDGE j ARTIST; MUSICIAN.. VII THE THEORY OF THE END OF PROPHECY. CH« II. RABBINIC PIETISM ^ND ITS CONCEPTION OF PROPHECY. I PROPHECY AS A REWARD FOR PERSONAL PIETY. RITUAL PURITY AND PROPHECY. PROPHECY AS A REGARD FOR ISRAEL'S PIETY, II THE PROPHET AS THE ZADDUU.m HOLY SPIRIT AS THE SPIRIT OF PIETY.. PRAYER AND THE HOEY* SPIRIT.. Ill ..MARTYRDOM AND PROPHECY.. THE PROPHET AS AN IDEAL IV THE PROPHET AS PRIEST* CII.III* RABBINIC RATIONALISE AND ITS CONCEPTION OF PROPHECY. I THE HOLY SPIRIT THEORY: THE HOLY SPIRIT AS THE SPIRIT OF PROPHECY.. (THE HOLY SPIRIT AND RESURRECTION) . *THE HOLY SPIRIT AND THE SCRIPTURES*. THE WORKING OF THE HOLY SPIRIT AS A MATERIAL SUBSTANCE.. THE HOLY SPIRIT ON* IN, AND AROUND THE PROPHET.. THE HOLY SPIRIT AS A LITERARY PERSONIFICATION.. THE HOLY SPIRIT AS A THEOLOGICAL PERSONIFICATION.. THE HOLY SPIRIT AND THE BATH KOL..THE HOLY SPIRIT AND THE GODHEAD.. II INCONGRUOUS MYTHOLOGICAL CONCEPTIONS! THE HOLY SPIRIT AS A BIIU)..AS A HEREDITARY PO^JER.. ITS MIRACUI/ OUS CONCOMITANTS.. DEuONLIKi: FEATURES.. Ill THE PSYCHOLOGY OF PROPHECY I FORCE OF THZ; SPIRIT.. SUDDENNESS AND EXPLOSIV1JNESS.. FEELING OF ELATION.. THE PARTICIPATION OF THE PROPHET'S LIDJD.. IV CHRONOLOGY OF PROPICOT..HISTORY..CLASSES AND TYPES OF PROPHECY.. LITERARY CRITICISES. CH« IV* GNOSTIC* MYSTIC* AMD APOCALYPTIC CONCEPTIOI-JS AMD THE RABBIN 3D VIEW* I PROPHECY AS VISIONARY PROPHECY* II VISIONS OF THE PAST..OF THE FUTURE..OF REMOTE LOCALITIES.. OF THE CELESTIAL REALM..OF PARADISE,ETC. Ill PROPHECY WITHOUT THE HOLY SPIRITS GOD * SHOWS'1 .. THE PRIMORDIAL LIGHT. .UBIQUITY AND TRANSLATION.. THE HEAVENLY CURTAIN..HEAVENLY 300KS.. IV THE ANTHROPOSj&YTHi THE PROPHET'S MIRACULOUS SIZE..BEAUTY ..RELATION TO THE SUN AND LIGHT. .ANGELIC QUALITIES. .WISDOM. (WEALTH) . V THE PROMINENCE OF THE EARLY PROPHETS. THE "ONE TRUE" PROPHET. REINCARNATION* VI ASCETICISM AND SOLITUDE VII NEW EVALUATIONS THE PROPHET'S HIGH RANK..THE IDEAL OF ECSTASY..IMMORTALITY AND DIVINE FEATURES.. CH» V« THS CONCEPTION OF PROPHECY IN POPULAR RELIGION. I THE PROPHET, A HELPER IN NEMJi THE MESSIAH AS PROPHET..-SSSIANIC ROLSS OF THE PROPHETS.. THE PROPHET AS THAUMATURGE..AS CLAIRVOYANT..THS PROPHET'S FORE/ SIGHT (TRIVIALITY OF OBJECTS).. HIS INTERCESSORY P030SR..THE RABBIS AS PROPHETS. II THE ORDINARY MAN'S PROPHECY* THE MQRITURU^.THE NASCITURUS.. jCIlILDREaLMOXMADMEN..TliE DREAM.. COINCIDENTAL PROPHECY.. ^ ' ' III DIVINATIQ NATURALIS AND DIVINATIO ARTIFICIOSA CONCEPTION AND EVALUATION..ASTROLOGY.. NECROMANCY..KATOPTRO/ MANCY..VOICES AND OMENS..RECOGNITION OF FOREIGN PROPHETS,. LIST OF IDENTIFICATIONS OF BIBLICAL PROPHETS. EPILOGUE I PARALLELISMS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANCIENT RELIGIONS. II CHARACTERISTICS OF RABBINIC RELIGION. Ill CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME 'WRITINGS AND AUTHORS. IV THE BIBLICAL AND THE RABBJOJIC CONCEPTIONS OF PROPHECY, V THE LITERARY FORM OF THE MATERIAL. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. ABELSON, J. London 1912 The Immanence of God in Rabbinical Literature AICHER, G. Muenster 1906 Das A T in der Mischna, Bibl. Studien XI.4 "ANGELOS" Leipzig 1925-30 Archiv faer neutestamentliche Zeitgeschichte and Kalturkunde, (ed. J. Leipoldt), 1-3 BACKER, W. Leipzig 1905 Die exegetische Terminologie der juedisehen Traditions-literatur, I, II Strassburg 1903, 1890 Die Agada der Tannaiten, I (2nd ed.), II Strassburg 1892-99 Die A^ada der palaestinensischen Amoraeer, I-III Strassburg 1878 Die Agada der babylonischen Amoraeer Leipzig 1914 Tradition und Tradenten .... BAER, H. v. Stuttgart 1926 Der Hellige Geist in den Lukasschrlften BASS, E. Kuttenberg 1917 Die Merkmale der israelitischen Prophetie nach der traditionellen Auffassung des Talmud, Diss. Prague BEVAN, B.R. London 1928 Sybils and Seers, A survey of Some Ancient Theories of Revelation and Inspiration Oxford 1913 Stoics and Sceptics BLANK, Sh. H. Cincinnati 1937f. The Death of Zechariah in Rabbinic Literature, HUCA XII-XIII, pp. 327-46 BLAU, L. Budapest 1898 Das altjuedische Zauberwesen BOUCEE-LECLERQ . Paris 1879-82 Histoire de la divination dans l f antiquite, I-IV BOUSSET, W. Tuebingen 1926 Die Religion des Judentums im spaethellenistischen Zeitalter, 3rd ed. (ed. H. Gressmann) Goettingen 1907 Hauptporbleme der Gnosis BOX, G.H. Ozford 1932 Judaism in the Greek Period (The Clarendon Bible) BUECHLER, A. London 1922 Types of Jewish-Palestinian Piety BUECHSEL, F. Guetersloh 1926 Der Geist Gottes im N T DA1&IAN, G. Leipzig 1930 Die Worte Jesu, 2nd ed. DIENSTFERTIG, M. Berlin 1892 Die Prophetologie in der Religionsphilosophie des ersten nachchristlichen Jahrhunderts, Diss. Erlangen DODD, C.H. London 1935 The Bible and the Greeks DOERR, L. Leipzig 1938 Die Wertung des goettlichen Wortes im A T und im antiken Orient, Hittlgn. Bbrderas. Aegypt. Ges. 42. FASCHER, E. Giessen 1927 Eine sprach- und religionsgesohichtliche Untersuchung FIEB1G, F. Gieasen 1911 Juedische Wundererzaehlungen des neutestament- lichen Zeitalters FOAKES-JACKSON, F.JT. London 1930 Josephus and the Jews (the religion and history of the Jews as explained by Flavius Josephus) FOAKES-JACKSON, LAKE, KIRSOPP London 1920-33 The Beginnings of Christianity, I-V FREUDENTHAL, J. Breslau 1874 Hellenistische Studien (Alexander Polyhistor), Jahresbericht des juedisch-theologischen Seminars 3. FRIEDLAENDER, I. Philadelphia 1912f. Jewish-Arabic Studies III, JQR 3, N.S. (Shiitic Elements in Jewish Sectarianism) GASTER, M. London-Leipzig 1924 The Example of the Rabbis GINZBERG, L. Philadelphia 1909-38 The Legends of the Jews, I-VII GLATZER, N.N. New York 1942 TJttJ-^i n&nJn /r».n f in: Year Book For The Jews of America, VI, pp. 149-66 Berlin 1937 Geschichte der Talmudischen Zeit Berlin 1933 Untersuchungen zur Geschichtslehre der Tannaiten GOODENOUGE, E.R. New Haven 1940 An Introduction to Philo Judaeus GUIGNEEERT, Ch. London 1939 The Jewish World in the Time of Jesus, tr. S.H. Hooke GUILLAUME, A. London 1938 Prophecy and Divination (among the Hebrews and other Semites) GUNKEL, H. Goettingen 1899 Die Wlrkungen des hi. Geistes (nach der populaeren Anschau-ung der apostolischen Zeit....) 2nd. ed. HALLIDAY, W.R. London 1913 Greek Divination HEINEMANK, I. Breslau 1922 Die Lehre *om Heiligen Geist im Judentum und in den Evangelien, MGWJ 66(30), pp. 169-80, 268-79 HELLER, B. Breslau 1936 Grundzuege der Aggada des Flavius Josephus, MGWJ 80 (44), pp. 237-46 HESCHEL, A. Krakow 1936 Die Prophetie HIRSCH, E.G. N.Y., London 1905 Prophets and Prophecy, Jewish Encyclopedia X, 216ff. HOELSCHER, G. Leipzig 1914 Die Propheten JASTROW, M. Giessen 1905-12 Die Religion Babyloniens and Assyriens, I-II JEREMIAS, J. Leipzig 1923-37 Jerusalem zur Zeit Jesu, I-IV JONAS, H. Goettingen 1934 Gnosis and Spaetantiker Geist,!, FRLANT 33 (51) KADUSHIN, !,i. New York 1938 Organic Thinking (a study in Rabbinic thought) KITTEL, G, New York 1931 Die Religionsgeschichte und das Urchristenturn Stuttgart 1930-39 Theologisches Woerterbuch zum H T, I/IV Stuttgart 1926 Probleme des palaestinensischen Spaetjudentums und das Urchristentum, BWANT III.l KOHLER, K. New York 1918 Jewish Theology KOHUT, A. London 1891 Farsic and Jewish Legends of the First Man, JQ£ 3, pp. 231-50 KRAELIKG, C.H. New York 1927 Anthropos and Son of Man, A Study in the Reli­ gious Syncretism of the Hellenistic Orient LEISEGA1TG, H. Leipzig, Berlin 1919 Der Heilige Geist, I Leipzig 1922 Pneuma Hagion, Der Ursprung des Geistbegriffs der synoptischen Evangelien aus der griechischen Mystik Leipzig 1924 Die Gnosis, 2nd ed. LIEBERMAE, 3. New York 1942 Greek in Jewish Palestine LIETZMAN, H. London 1938 The Founding of the Church Universal (tr.) 5. LODS, A. London 1937 The Prophets and the Rise of Judaism (tr.) MARMORSTEIN, A. London 1927 The Old Rabbinical Doctrine of God, I London 1920 The Doctrine of Merits in Old Rabbinical Literature MERX, A. Halle 1879 Die Prophetie des Joel und ihre Ausleger METER, E. Berlin 1919 Die Gemeinde des Neuen Bundes, AdPAdW, Ph.H. Kl. 9 MEYER, R. Stuttgart 1937 Hellenistisches in
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