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Paleozoic Stratigraphy of the Sawatch Range, Colorado

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Paleozoic Stratigraphy of the Sawatch Range, Colorado BULLETIN OF THE GEOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA PALEOZOIC STRATIGRAPHY OF THE SAWATCH RANGE, COLORADO BY J. HARLAN JOHNSON CONTENTS P a g e Abstract.................................................................................................................................................................... 304 Introduction and acknowledgments................................................................................................................ 304 Structure.................................................................................................................................................................. 307 Stratigraphy... ! .................................................................................................................................................... 307 General statement........................................................................................................................................ 307 Unconformities.............................................................................................................................................. 307 Cambrian system.......................................................................................................................................... 309 Sawatch quartzite................................................................................................................................ 309 Ordovician system........................................................................................................................................ 314 General statement............................................................................................................................... 314 Manitou dolomite................................................................................................................................ 315 Harding sandstone............................................................................................................................... 320 Fremont limestone............................................................................................................................... 322 Devonian system.......................................................................................................................................... 324 Chaffee formation................................................................................................................................ 324 Mississippian series, Carboniferous system.......................................................................................... 331 Leadville limestone.............................................................................................................................. 331 Pennsylvanian series, Carboniferous system....................................................................................... 341 Weber (?) formation............................................................................................................................ 341 Detailed sections.................................................................................................................................................... 348 References cited..................................................................................................................................................... 376 ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1. Index map of Colorado............................................................................................................................ 305 2. Geologic map of Sawatch Range area.................................................................................................. 306 3. Sections of Cambrian deposits across the south end of Taylor Park....................... 311 4. Sections of Ordovician formations across the south end of Taylor Park................ 315 5. Sections of Devonian rocks across the south end of Taylor Park............................ 325 6. Sections of Mississippian and Devonian formations in vicinity of Aspen district.. 333 7. Composite sections of Paleozoic formations across the south end of Taylor Park............... 334 Plate Facing page 1. Sections of Cambrian deposits showing lithologic zones.............................................. 312 2. Sections of Ordovician formations along west side of Sawatch Range.................... 316 3. Cambrian—pre-Cambrian contact....................................................................................................... 320 4. Cambrian Sawatch formation................................................................................................................ 321 5. Sections of Devonian rocks along west side of Sawatch Range.................................................. 326 6. Composite sections of Paleozoic formations from Gilman to Ashcroft..................................... 332 7. Ordovician formations.............................................................................................................................. 334 8. Devonian formations................................................................................................................................. 335 9. Mississippian Leadville formation........................................................................................................ 336 10. Pennsylvanian Weber (?)........................................................................................................................ 337 11. Composite sections of Paleozoic formations from Ashcroft to Fossil Ridge........................... 338 303 Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/gsabulletin/article-pdf/55/3/303/3440731/BUL55_3-0303.pdf by guest on 26 September 2021 304 J. H. JOHNSON— PALEOZOIC STRATIGRAPHY OP SAWATCH RANGE ABSTRACT The Sawatch Range, a high and rugged mountain uplift in central Colorado, separates the Ar­ kansas River valley from the plateau region to the west. It includes some of the highest peaks in Colorado, with summit elevations around 14,400 feet. Very little of the region lies below 9000 feet. The rocks range from pre-Cambrian to Recent but consist mainly of pre-Cambrian granite and metamorphics and Paleozoic sedimentary rocks. All are cut by Tertiary intrusives. The Paleozoic sedimentary rocks represent every period except the Silurian. The Cambrian system is represented by the Sawatch quartzite, which attains considerable thickness locally and can be roughly subdivided into four members. The Ordovician rocks include three formations—the Manitou dolomite, Harding sandstone, and Fremont limestone. The Manitou, consisting of more or less siliceous dolomite and dolomitic limestone, is widespread and varies greatly in thickness. The Harding sandstone, represented by quartzite in part of the area, is thin and found only along the southern end of the range and along Cement Creek. The Fremont limestone is predominantly fossiliferous dolomite and is found only in the southern part of the Sawarch Range province. Un­ conformities occur at the top of each of the Ordovician formations, and the formations thin or wedge out to the north. The Devonian sedimentary rocks included in the Chaffee formation are widespread and include the shaly or sandy Parting member below and the Dyer dolomite member above. The Devonian sediments are discussed at length as many new data are presented. The Leadville lime­ stone of Mississippian age unconformably overlies the Chaffee and is an important ore-bearing forma­ tion at Aspen and in other mining districts along the range. Another unconformity separates the Leadville from the Pennsylvanian Weber (?) formation above. The latter generally consists of shales in the lower parts, above which is a series of limestones and shales, overlain by sandy shales or sandstones. These beds grade upw’ard into a series of red sandstones, grits, and conglomerates with some interbedded limestones, known as the Maroon formation, which includes both Pennsyl­ vanian and Permian deposits. At present the boundary between the Pennsylvanian and Permian beds of this region has not been definitely drawn on either lithologic composition or color. The lower beds contain abundant fossils, but fossils become scarcer at higher stratigraphic positions. The information available suggests that the Pennsylvanian series may be 2000 to 2500 feet thick. Devonian fish fragments were obtained from the lower member of the Chaffee including the basal layers. A coral fauna, obtained from the upper Leadville limestone at several localities, suggests the presence of some Mississippian beds younger than those hitherto reported. Structures suggest­ ing growths of calcareous algae were noted in the Manitou and the Chaffee, and well-preserved fossil algae were obtained from the upper Leadville limestone and lower Weber (?) formation. The paper includes 24 measured sections. INTRODUCTION AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The region along the west side of the Sawatch uplift has been little studied by geologists. The Hayden Survey (Peale et al., 1876) made a rapid reconnaissance from 1872 to 1874. In 1894, Eldridge studied the Crested Butte quadrangle and published the only stratigraphic information available for nearly a generation on the region around the southern end of the Sawatch Range. In 1913 Crawford published his report on the Monarch and Tomichi district, which was followed shortly by a report on the Gold Brick district (Crawford and Worcester, 1916). Spurr (1898) studied some of the area in connection with
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