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New Economy Design on the Korean Peninsula and Inter-Korean Agricultural Development Cooperation

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New Economy Design on the Korean Peninsula and Inter-Korean Agricultural Development Cooperation 『2018 Roundtable on DPRK Agriculture 』 New Economy Design on the Korean Peninsula and Inter-Korean Agricultural Development Cooperation 2018. 09. 13. Kim Kwan Ho ([email protected]) Contents 1. Introduction 2. Agricultural Policy and Food Status in DPRK 3. Promotion of Inter-Korean Agricultural Development Cooperation as part of the New Economy Design on the Korean Peninsula 4. Development Cooperation Model in Major EDZs 5. Conclusion Introduction 1 Realization of New Economy Design Korean Peninsula Based on Inter-Korean Agricultural Development Cooperation The Panmunjom Declaration(4.27) agreed to It is expected that the inter-Korean economic promote the implementation of the 10.4 Declaration Agreement cooperation will be implemented in the framework of the Korean New Economy Design on the Korean Need to prepare projects that can be Peninsula carried out in the agriculture sector 2 Kim Jung-Eun Expressed Interest in Improving Agricultural Productivity through Modernization of Agriculture To revive the North Korean economy (Hankyroeh, 6.20) Kim Jun-Eun went to a cooperative farm immediately after returning home to learn Chinese advanced agricultural Technology (SPN, 7.11) National Agricultural Science and Technology 3 For the Formation of an Inter-Korean Economic Community The focus of economic development East Economic Belt West Economic Belt Border area PeaceBelt South Korea North Korea New Economy Design on the Korean Peninsula 10-year economic development plan 4 Agricultural Policy and Food Status in DPR Korea 5 Analysis of New Year’s Greeting in DPRK (2014-2018 ; 5-year) SORT 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 -Superior species and -Superior species and high- -Scientific farming -Water-saving agricultural scientific agriculture yield farming -Construction of Kosan -Superior species and method -Overall mechanization in -Agricultural machinery fruit farms scientific agriculture -Reinforcement of rural economy production and scientific -Development of reclaimed -Increase of double- agricultural supplies -Measures to guarantee farming land cropping area Agriculture -Normalization of agricultural materials -Increase of greenhouse -Construction of South -Introduction of agricultural greenhouse and mushroom -Goal achievement of vegetable and mushroom Hwanghae Province machine production base production in vegetable production waterway -Increase of fruit, vegetable -Completion of alpine fruit greenhouse and -The 2nd-stage construction -Greenhouse vegetables and mushroom production farm mushroom production of South Hwanghae and mushroom cultivation base Province waterway -Building of livestock base -Promotion of livestock -Establishment of measures in Sepho District industry -Rapid development of for normal operation of -Increase of livestock Livestock -Preparation of livestock -Building of livestock base livestock industry livestock base in Sepho production production and base in Sepho District District operation -Expansion of aquaculture -Development of fishing -Modernization of fishing -Normalization of -Modernization of fishing boat manufacturing and boat and gear aquiculture base -Rapid development of boat Fishery repairing -Vitalization of sea water -Development of fishing fishery industry -Establishment of fishing -Vitalization of fish farming aquaculture industry production complex base and aquaculture in the East coast 6 DPR Korea lacks 4.58 million tons of food(2016/17 Grain year) The loss after harvest is about 15-20% 출처 : FAO SPECIAL ALERT No.340 (2017.7.20) 7 FAO report VOA KOREA(2017.12.08) Include North Korea in 37 food shortages that need external support The rate of water storage was low, which is the main source of irrigation facilities due to insufficient rainfall Severe food shortages in rural areas FAO report (www.rfa.org) 2018.7. Radio Free Asia(2018.01.05) Julyang generation increased Lowering agricultural performance, ‘Home without money and food’ including economic sanctions by the international community and Serious droughts and quotas to last year’s drought the state are not reduced 8 Causes of Food Deficiency in DPR Korea Flooded farmland Lower farmers’ willingness Juche farming Lack of agricultural materials to work No property ownership A centralized monolithic Long-term economic downturn System restricts the supply of No legitimate rewards agricultural materials Inadequate quality seeding And technology development Agricultural water supply disruption Deterioration of agricultural infrastructure Natural(drought & flooded) disasters cause annual economic damage 9 Structural Problems of DPR Korea’s Agricultural Infrastructure Repeated droughts and floods Energy-consuming pumping station Inefficient due to water leakage from earthwork waterway Deforestation due to natural remodeling project 10 Technical Problems of DPR Korea’s Agricultural Infrastructure Inadequate quality control due to achievement of goal Difficult maintenance due to excessive irrigation system Degradation due to deterioration of irrigation facilities Inadequate engineering technology considering climate characteristics 11 Implications of DPR Korean Agricultural Policy for Inter-Korean Agricultural Cooperation Kim Jung Eun’s Agriculture policy 01 Kim Il sung regime : Rice + Corn Kim Jung Il regime : Rice+Potato Kim Jung Eun regime : Rice(greenhouse,mushroom,fruit) + Livestock(shepho livestock) +Fishery(Inland water farm,modernization) Need to introduce agricultural technology and capital through reform & opening 02 DPR Korea takes a new policy Improving the system(2012.6.28, 2014.5.30) and making a lot of effort, but there is a limit Promotion of inter-Korean agricultural development cooperation centered on agricultural infrastructure 03 Establishment of agricultural production infrastructure for natural disaster recovery and prevention Promoting pilot projects linked to market production programs considering production, processing and distribution 12 Promotion of Inter-Korean Agricultural Development Cooperation as part of the New Economy Design on the Korean Peninsula 13 1. Construction of Agricultural Reservoir Infrastructure Estimation of low capacity due to climate change and deterioration of repair facilities 125 Supplying stable agricultural water Securing living water for North Korea 20 22 450 Target 400 375 Real 357 357 364 목표치 실제치 350 169 259 300 40 % 245 240 233 235 250 223 221 200 63 19 150 188 100 100 276 624 50 Water storage capacity(ten million capacity(ten tons) storage Water 14 0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Year 자료 : FAO(GIEWS) SPECIAL ALERT No.340 (2017.7.20) Estimated number of agricultural reservoir by region in DPRK (KRC,2017) 14 2. Establish Production Infrastructure Based on Cultivation Area and Crops Improve agricultural productivity Increased North Korean famers income Improvement fouced on rice paddy farming Improvement cfouced on upland farming Composition of DPR Korea (2016 ) (unit : thousandha, %) Rice ratio Upland ration paddy Rice paddy distribution status upland distribution status 571 29.9 1,339 70.1 15 3. Developed Focusing on SEZs & EDZs (ADZs) in DPR Korea Fostering food supply base for worker’s in the background Kaesong-Haeju-Nampo-Sinuiju Rason West sea agricultural cooperation belt Dancheon Orang ADZ Sinuiju Suk-chun ADZ Pukchong ADZ Kumgangsan-Wonsan-Dancheon-Rason Nampo East sea agricultural cooperation belt Haeju Wonsan- Kungangsan Kaesong East sea stronghold area West sea stronghold area 16 4. Establishment of Agricultural Infrastructure Base Centering on Climate Change Response and Specialized Cultivation Crop planting due to climate change Potato,Alpine vegetable, Hops plantation culture of silkworms Tobacco-producing complex, beekeeping industry Forest farm Garden vegetables, livestock farm Considering specialized items appropriate to the climate characteristic of North Korea and South Korea Garden complex Dairy farm Livestock farm Fruit farm, Two crops Ginseng cultivation complex Rice breeding complex Fish farm Change of highland cabbage cultivation area Flowering plant, Grape, Potato, Alpine vegetables Sweet potato, Chili Corn, Tomato, Paprika Peach, Cucumber Apple, Peac, Ginseng, Grape Blueberry, Cherry, Mini apple Herb, Red ginseng, Cheese Schizandra, Chopped barley Spinach, Bracken Pear,Onion,Kiwi Mushroom Tangerine RDA (2013.2) 17 5. Improvement of Living Environment to Improve Human Rights of DPR Korea • Serious housing, drinking water and energy problems in rural areas Village enterance, off-road Solar panel installed in private garden Poor educational environment Aged rural house 18 6. Types of Inter-Korean Trade in Agriculture Special crops such as ginseng, tobacco Contract etc. cultivation Vegetable processing Types Consignment processing Livestock and aquatic products processing Direct Agricultural machinery, fertilizers, pesticides etc. investment Production and processing distribution of facility vegetables 19 Development Cooperation Model in Major EDZs 01 Joint Survey & Research and Academic Exchange 02 Irrigation Facilities for Agroforest 03 Sukchun ADZ 04 Large-Scale Agricultural Complex Behind ③ the Kaesong Industrial District 05 Sepho Livestock Area ⑤ ④ 20 01 Joint Survey, Research and Academic Exchange North and South Korea Agricultural Cooperation Commission (2005.8.18-19), Kaesong Seed production and processing facilities Genetic resource storage : Genetic resources exchange,collection,preservation Animal and plant quarantine system : Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of livestock disease Establishment of pig farm, fruit trees, vegetables, livestock Agricultural science and
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