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Epapyrus PDF Document S ｜ U ｜ M ｜ M ｜ A ｜ R ｜ Y SUMMARY Keywords: Urban Development Model, North Korean Cities In the process of economic development in North Korea in the future, city-regions will play an important role. This study aims to suggest some urban development models for North Korean cities based on experiences of transition economies. For this study, we reviewed some cases of urban development in the former GDR(German Democratic Republic) and China. The cases of the former GDR show some ways of transition from old industrial cities to modern innovative cities. Especially, tourism and education service played an important role in transition. In the case of the former GDR, the support of the federal government played an important role in urban development. Comparing with the case of cities in the former GDR, the case of China shows an importance of Foreign Direct Investment in urban development. Xiamen was designated as one of the first four special economic zones along with Shenzhen, Zhuhai, and Shantou in 1980. Attracting Overseas Chinese investment was the dominate factor in Xiamen's economic growth. After twenty years of reform and extensive urban development, Xiamen has successfully left behind its status as a “garbage city” and instead transformed itself into a “socialist modernized international port scenic city”. Rejecting pollution, generating foreign investment, improving natural environment, increasing public awareness through education, and more importantly maintaining close ties with Overseas Chinese SUMMARY 129 were important factors in the success story of Xiamen. We can introduce some lessons from case studies as follows. At first, management of transition process from old industries to modern industies is very important in urban development. Second, introducing FDI is one of the determinant factors in urban development. Next, this study analyzed urban development potentials of five North Korean cities, Nampho, Shinuiju, Rason, Chungjun and Wonsan. These five cities have potentials becoming gateways of the Korean peninsula toward international society. Nampho has some development potentials as a center of logistics and advanced technologies based on its geo-economic characteristics. Sinuiju was also designated as the "Sinuiju Special Administrative Region" in 2002 and has some development potentials as a center of trade and logistics toward China. Rason has great development potentials as a center of logistics based on its geo-economic characteristics. Currently, Rajin-Khasan project is on the way. The project is a multi-lateral project bewteen North Korea, Russia and South Korea. Chongjin has potentials to be developed from an old industrial city to a modern industrial and trade city. Wonsan has potentials to be developed as a modern international tourism city in the future. Based on case studies and a potential analysis on five North Korean cities, this study suggest urban development models for the five North Korean cities. These urban development models are based on two factors, i.e. a major industry and investment actors. This study introduced three models, A, B and C models as follows. The “A-model” is based on hi-tech industries and private actors. In five cities, Nampho is appropriate to the “A-model”. The “B-model” is based on hi-tech industries and integrated actors of private and public sector. Chongjin is appropriate to the “B-model”. The disparity between the A and B-model is the role of public 130 통일기반 강화를 위한 북한 거점도시 발전모형과 남북협력 실천전략 연구 actor. The “C-model” is based on tourism, education and private actors. Shinuiju, Rason and Wonsan are appropriate to the “C-model”. Finally, this study suggests some policy issues to realize urban development models in North Korea as follows. First, inter-Korean cooperation should be implemented under considering about urban development models. Second, financial support from South Korean government should be focused on the “B-model”. Third, in order to implement urban development models, we need to take a stepwise approach. In the early and mid-term, developing special economic zones should be needed through inter-Korean cooperation. SUMMARY 131.
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