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Role PDFA Final BP.Pdf University of Pardubice Faculty of Arts and Philosophy Role of Children in Stephen King’s books Küffelová Natali Bachelor Thesis 2020 Prohlašuji: Tuto práci jsem vypracovala samostatně. Veškeré literární prameny a informace, které jsem v práci využila, jsou uvedeny v seznamu použité literatury. Byla jsem seznámena s tím, že se na moji práci vztahují práva a povinnosti vyplývající ze zákona č. 121/2000 Sb., autorský zákon, zejména se skutečností, že Univerzita Pardubice má právo na uzavření licenční smlouvy o užití této práce jako školního díla podle § 60 odst. 1 autorského zákona, a s tím, že pokud dojde k užití této práce mnou nebo bude poskytnuta licence o užití jinému subjektu, je Univerzita Pardubice oprávněna ode mne požadovat přiměřený příspěvek na úhradu nákladů, které na vytvoření díla vynaložila, a to podle okolností až do jejich skutečné výše. Beru na vědomí, že v souladu s § 47b zákona č. 111/1998 Sb., o vysokých školách a o změně a doplnění dalších zákonů (zákon o vysokých školách), ve znění pozdějších předpisů, a směrnicí Univerzity Pardubice č. 9/2012, bude práce zveřejněna v Univerzitní knihovně a prostřednictvím Digitální knihovny Univerzity Pardubice. V Pardubicích dne 18. 4. 2020 Natali Küffelová ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to thank my supervisor, Mgr. Šárka Bubíková, Ph.D., for allowing me to change a topic, and mainly for her helpful guidance and advice. ANNOTATION This thesis deals with the depiction of child characters in three selected works of horror fiction by Stephen King. A brief history and the characteristics of horror literature is a part of the work. The term the uncanny child is explained as well as the analytics of characters, which is then applied to the analysis of the specific character. Besides the analytics, family environment is described as well, and from the obtained information the role of the character is concluded. A comparison of all characters helped to get to the conclusion of how Stephen King most often depicts his child characters. KEYWORDS child characters, horror, horror literature, uncanny, victims, Stephen King NÁZEV PRÁCE Role dětí v hororových fikcí od Stephena Kinga ANOTACE Tato práce se zaobírá funkcí vyobrazení dětských postav ve třech vybraných dílech hororové fikce od Stephena Kinga. Součástí práce je stručná historie a charakteristika hororové literatury. Dále je vysvětlen pojem “the uncanny child” a přiblížená analýza postav, která je následně aplikovaná do konkrétní analýzy dané postavy. Kromě samotné analýzy je zde nastíněno i rodinné prostředí postavy a ze získaných informací je odvozená její role. Porovnání všech postav napomohlo k závěru, jak Stephen King nejčastěji své dětské postavy vyobrazuje. KLÍČOVÁ SLOVA dětské postavy, horor, hororová literatura, záhadný, oběti, Stephen King TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 7 1. Horror ............................................................................................................................... 8 1.1. History of horror literature ........................................................................................... 9 1. 2. Characteristics of Horror literature ............................................................................ 11 2. Stephen King................................................................................................................... 13 3. The concept of childhood in horror literature ............................................................... 14 3. 1. The uncanny child ..................................................................................................... 15 4. The Analysis of the Characters ...................................................................................... 16 5. The Shining ..................................................................................................................... 18 5. 1. Characteristics of Danny Torrance ............................................................................ 18 5. 2. Family Environment.................................................................................................. 21 5. 3. The Role of Danny in The Shining ............................................................................ 22 6. Pet Sematary ................................................................................................................... 24 6. 1. Characteristics of Ellie Creed .................................................................................... 24 6. 2. Characteristics of Gage Creed ................................................................................... 25 6. 3. Family Environment.................................................................................................. 26 6. 4. The Role of Ellie and Gage in Pet Sematary .............................................................. 28 7. The Firestarter................................................................................................................ 29 7. 1. Characteristics of Charlie McGee .............................................................................. 29 7. 2. Family Environment.................................................................................................. 32 7. 3. The Role of Charlie in Firestarter .............................................................................. 33 8. Comparison of characters .............................................................................................. 34 8. 1. Differences................................................................................................................ 34 8. 2. Shared characteristics ................................................................................................ 35 9. Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 37 Resumé ................................................................................................................................ 39 Bibliography ....................................................................................................................... 42 Introduction Only a minority of authors are so lucky that their name is known even to people, who do not read. And even fewer of them are so lucky that the people know what genre to associate with their name. Stephen Edwin King is one of those lucky ones, and he has rightfully earned his place. This thesis analyses four of Stephen King’s child characters from three selected novels, namely: The Shining, Pet Sematary and Firestarter. The aim is to analyse the role of those children and present the way how King uses them. In addition, there is also a focus put on some literary devices which he uses to depict specific attributes of individual characters. Firstly, for the better background of the horror genre as such, its history, from the beginnings in the Gothic novel to contemporary horror fiction is outlined. The development and its main characteristics, such as the term monstrous, must not be omitted; therefore, they are characterized as well. Secondly, since the focus of this thesis lies on child characters, the concept of childhood in the horror genre is characterized. Ray Bradbury or Ira Levin are mentioned as examples of the first authors who used child character as an instrument of evil. One term is often connected with child characters in horror novels – the uncanny. This term is defined with the help of some critical recourses, such as Sigmund Freud’s essay Das Unheimlich or Jessica Balanzategui’s work The Uncanny Child in Transnational Cinema. Stephen King is also introduced as an author of selected novels. His life is outlined only briefly for a better overview. On the other hand, his works, both fiction or non-fiction, as well as his writing techniques, are described in greater detail. In the analytical part, there is a focus on the role of the child character in the novel. The child is characterized first. Then the family environment is outlined, so it is clear from what family background the character comes. Parents always influence their children and thanks to the analysed family environment, it is clear, whether some patterns of the given child’s behaviour are acquired from parents or even induced by them. Lastly, its role in the novel is analysed. Most of the outputs are illustrated on citations from the novels, or they are based on some critical recourses. 7 After the analysis of all four characters from the three novels, there is a comparison of them. King uses similar patterns, but yet the characters are not the same, and there are plenty of differences as well. In the Conclusion, the most common role of the child character is specified as well as other attributes which King gives to them. 1. Horror People have always surrounded themselves with horror elements. “The oldest and strongest emotion of mankind is fear.”1 Howard Phillips Lovecraft claims in his study Supernatural Horror in Literature. Some of the horror elements exist even in old myths, legends or in folk literature. It is therefore complicated to specify the roots and the reason why the horror genre came to existence. Perhaps it originated in inexplicable occurrences, for example, weird noises or eerie shadows that people needed to clarify in some way. Thus, they associated them with supernatural beings or powers. Alternatively, perhaps they started from stories which used to serve only
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