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Physico-Chemical and Nutritional Characteristics, and Antimicrobial Activity of Oil Palm Syrup, Raffia Palm Syrup and Honey
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS) e-ISSN: 2278-3008, p-ISSN:2319-7676. Volume 11, Issue 1 Ver. I (Jan. - Feb. 2016), PP 73-78 www.iosrjournals.org Physico-chemical and Nutritional Characteristics, and Antimicrobial Activity of Oil Palm Syrup, Raffia Palm Syrup and Honey *Fred Omon Oboh, Lorenta Iyare, Monday Idemudia and Stephen Enabulele. Department of Basic Sciences, Benson Idahosa University, P.M.B. 1100, Benin City, Nigeria. Correspondence e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Abstract: The physico-chemical characteristics and antimicrobial activity of oil palm syrup, raffia palm syrup and honey were studied. The materials contained mainly carbohydrate (64.76-68.79%) and water (28.05- 31.50). They exhibited similar densities (1.23-1.26 g cm-3) and pH (3.51-4.18), and had low ash (0.30-0.50%), protein (0.24-1.04%) and lipid (2.20-3.62%) content. They had modest content of Fe (2.35-3.30 mg/100g), Ca (37.06-79.05 mg/100g), and phenolic compounds (125.93-185.44 mg GAE /100 g), and were rich in potassium (325.12-628.56 mg/100g). They contained non-enzymatic browning products (browning intensity was 0.71 for honey, 0.159 for raffia palm syrup and 0.175 for oil palm syrup). The materials exhibited antimicrobial activity against clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The antimicrobial activities of dilute solutions (0.1 ml, 0.5% aqueous solutions) of the honey (containing 360 µg dry matter) and syrups (raffia, 360 µg and oil palm, 340 µg dry matter) were similar to that of 10 µg of the antibiotic streptomycin. -
Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny
Outline of angiosperm phylogeny: orders, families, and representative genera with emphasis on Oregon native plants Priscilla Spears December 2013 The following listing gives an introduction to the phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants that has emerged in recent decades, and which is based on nucleic acid sequences as well as morphological and developmental data. This listing emphasizes temperate families of the Northern Hemisphere and is meant as an overview with examples of Oregon native plants. It includes many exotic genera that are grown in Oregon as ornamentals plus other plants of interest worldwide. The genera that are Oregon natives are printed in a blue font. Genera that are exotics are shown in black, however genera in blue may also contain non-native species. Names separated by a slash are alternatives or else the nomenclature is in flux. When several genera have the same common name, the names are separated by commas. The order of the family names is from the linear listing of families in the APG III report. For further information, see the references on the last page. Basal Angiosperms (ANITA grade) Amborellales Amborellaceae, sole family, the earliest branch of flowering plants, a shrub native to New Caledonia – Amborella Nymphaeales Hydatellaceae – aquatics from Australasia, previously classified as a grass Cabombaceae (water shield – Brasenia, fanwort – Cabomba) Nymphaeaceae (water lilies – Nymphaea; pond lilies – Nuphar) Austrobaileyales Schisandraceae (wild sarsaparilla, star vine – Schisandra; Japanese -
Materials-Panels-2-With-BB-Logo.Pdf
MATERIALS GRASSES These monocotyledonous, usually herbaceous Preparation: Bamboo is split in half along its length plants are widespread, versatile and adapted to using a hatchet and then again into the required conditions ranging from rainforests to deserts widths. The inner and outer layers are separated. and intertidal habitats. The outer bark strip is considered the most beautiful. The flat strong strips lend themselves to plaiting: STRAW, from cereal crops; rice, wheat, oats, rye and plain weave, complex twills and hexagonal weave. barley. In northern Europe from as early as 1500AD corn dollies or tokens were made representing the spirit of the harvest and ensuring the success of future crops. The straw hat industry in Europe from the 1600s involved thousands of families in cottage industries making straw plait. In England this centred on Luton. In Europe straw was stitched (lipwork) into beeskeps, baskets for proving bread and for chair seating. Throughout Africa and America grasses have been used to make coiled vessels for beer, corn and storing grain. ‘Moso’ bamboo growing at Carwinion Gardens, Cornwall MEDITERRANEAN CANE (Arundo donax) grows from the Mediterranean to the Far East in wet areas. It is used split in basketry and for blinds. MARRAM GRASS is native to the coasts of Europe, growing on dunes, introduced and invasive in other countries. From the sixteenth century the marram weavers of Newborough, Angelsey, Wales plaited mats for thatching haystacks and later for horticulture, this Traditional stooked straw sheaves. St Columb, Cornwall cottage industry survived into the 1930s. Preparation: Straw is generally tempered (soaked in ESPARTO GRASS grows around the Mediterranean in water for long enough to allow it to be bent without sandy soil; it has great strength and flexibility and has splitting or breaking). -
Foods at Home Douglas H Jones, MD, FACAAI, FAAAAI Fast Annual Meeting 19 June 2021
Recipes for success: Foods at Home Douglas H jones, MD, FACAAI, FAAAAI Fast Annual meeting 19 June 2021 General concepts Safety Quality Efficacy • As OIT expands, • Do not lower • Integrity of food we can’t afford our standards to protein and dose • Compliance: bad outcomes the misnomer • What exactly are we “Grocery Store” asking them to do, allergists and will they do it? Juggling and Balancing act: Safety, Quality, and Efficacy especially with compliance Intact food proteins Most allergenic forms Safety Little alteration What's proven? Caution about sugar and calories Measuring both food and protein amounts Protein content is We also must know Why is this the unifying factor how much to give important? as we convert from them based off the various food forms protein content Each time a package of food is received, labels must be checked and verified as manufactures change contents and processes and do not need to report Protein content per serving size is subject to change. Check labels every time This is particularly important for patient and your nurses to check each time foods are received Each time you add a product or food, labels must be checked and product vetted Each time a patient requests a certain food product, be mindful of the homework you must do Know your products Make sure you have a process built in to have time and costs accounted for This allows you to sustain, and also offer more services to your patients As you add foods, this adds time, COST, and complexity, but also opportunity Number of products/services provided vs opportunities This is the and compliance juggling and balancing act Time, risk, and cost associated with it--caution not to lower standards Liquids • Straight products like milks or LEW • Suspensions made with flours • Extracts from manufacturers (e.g. -
Insects Associated with Palm Wine from Raffia Palm (Raphia Hookeri) Were Studied in Three Villages in Southeastern, Nigeria for Four Weeks
Animal Research International (2011) 8(1): 1328 – 1336 1328 INSECTS ASSOCIATED WITH WINE FROM RAFFIA PALM (Raphia hookeri) IN ALOR, NIGERIA 1EWUIM, Sylvanus Chima, 2AKUNNE, Chidi Emmanuel, 3ANUMBA, Anthonia Ifeoma and 4ETAGA, Harrison Oghenekevwe 12Department of Zoology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria. 3Department of Biological Sciences, Wesley University of Science and Technology, Ondo State, Nigeria. 4Department of Statistics, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria. Corresponding Author: Ewuim, S. C. Department of Zoology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Anambra State, Nigeria. Email: [email protected] Phone: ABSTRACT The insects associated with palm wine from raffia palm (Raphia hookeri) were studied in three villages in Southeastern, Nigeria for four weeks. The insects were sieved out after 24 hours from each 10 litres of raffia palm. Gas chromatography was used to analyse the raffia palm wine after 24 hours. The daily collection of the insects lasted for 28 days between February and March, 2008. The results showed that as the number of days increased the concentration of glucose and fructose decreased with alcoholic content increasing at varying pH and temperature. A total of eight insect species made up of seven genera represented by seven families – Formicidea, Apidae, Drosophilidae, Sarcophagidae, Calliphoridae, Nitidulidae and Curculronidae were obtained. There was a preponderance in the collection of Camponotus maculatus, Maycodrosophylla sp. and Lepidoptera larvae in all the site with C. acvapimensis and Apis mellifera L. collected in fairly large numbers from all the sites (villages). There was also preponderance in the collection of Diptera larvae, even though they were collected from only one village Ide. -
Type 2 Diabetes Induced Oxidative Brain Injury Involves Altered Cerebellar Neuronal Integrity and Elemental Distribution, and Ex
Metabolic Brain Disease (2019) 34:1385–1399 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11011-019-00444-x ORIGINAL ARTICLE Type 2 diabetes induced oxidative brain injury involves altered cerebellar neuronal integrity and elemental distribution, and exacerbated Nrf2 expression: therapeutic potential of raffia palm (Raphia hookeri)wine Ochuko L. Erukainure1,2 & Omamuyovwi M. Ijomone3,4 & Olakunle Sanni1 & Michael Aschner3 & Md. Shahidul Islam1 Received: 25 November 2018 /Accepted: 28 May 2019 /Published online: 14 June 2019 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2019 Abstract Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease have been recognized as one of the microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (T2D). In this study, the effect of T2D on neuronal integrity and elemental distribution in the cerebellar cortex, as well as the therapeutic effect of Raffia Palm (Raphia hookeri) wine (RPW) were investigated in male albino rats. T2D was induced in 4 groups of rats using fructose and streptozotocin. One group served as negative control which was administered water, the second and third group were administered 150 and 300 mg/kg bodyweight of RPW, while the fourth was administered metformin (200 mg/kg bodyweight). Two other groups of normal rats were administered distilled water (control) and of RPW (300 mg/kg bodyweight). The rats were sacrificed after 5 weeks of treatment, and brains were collected. The cerebellum was removed, and several parts analyzed by immunochemistry, histology and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Remaining brain tissues were used to analyze for the oxidative stress biomarkers and acetylcholinesterase activity. These analyses revealed oxidative damage with concomitantly increased acetylcholinesterase activity and upregulation of Nrf2 expression in the diabetic brain cerebellar cortexes. -
MG Study Travel Program, Costa Rica 2016 Feb 22 – Floating To
MG Study Travel Program, Costa Rica 2016 Feb 22 – Floating to Tortuguero On our first day of the 2016 MG tour of Costa Rica, we left the big city of San Jose up in the mountains of the central valley, drove across the Continental Divide, and down the Atlantic slope to the Caribbean lowlands. We went from the lush rainforest of Braulio Carrillo National Park at the top of the Central Volcanic Mountain Range down to open pasture, banana plantations – stopping briefly at the edge of one field to look at the plants and bagged fruits – Driving through Braulio Carrillo National Park. Banana plantation (L), inflorescence (LC), flowers (RC), and bagged fruit (R). and other agriculture on the flat lands, to eventually arrive at the landing spot for boat transportation to our lodge in Tortuguero. This small town on the edge of one of the most remote and pristine parks in Costa Rica, Tortuguero National Park, is accessible only by boat or air. This coastal area of northern Costa Rica and adjacent Nicaragua is a low alluvial floodplain with permanent or seasonal swamp forests in the lowest and flattest areas. This was once an archipelago of volcanic islands until alluvial sediments from the interior mountains filled in the spaces and formed an extensive network of marshy islands interspersed by natural freshwater creeks, canals and lagoons, forming the flooded forest. After we were settled in the long, flat boat our captain navigated the shallow water of the tidal canal, slowing to maneuver around submerged obstacles, and speeding up in straight spots. -
Culturally Significant Edible Plants in Ovia Area of Edo State-Nigeria
GSJ: Volume 8, Issue 5, May 2020 ISSN 2320-9186 323 GSJ: Volume 8, Issue 5, May 2020, Online: ISSN 2320-9186 www.globalscientificjournal.com Culturally Significant Edible Plants in Ovia area of Edo State-Nigeria Omogiade, Jim Osagie College of Education Ekiadolor- Benin 08029402220: [email protected] Ojeifo, O. Magnus Department of Geography and Environmental Management, Ambrose Alli University Ekpoma-Nigeria Abstract This paper is an inventory of culturally significant edible plants in Ovia area of Edo state. To achieve this objective, the study adopted a descriptive survey type of research design. Data required for the study were obtained from both primary and secondary sources. The method used for the primary data collection comprises of the personal interview and research questionnaire. Data collected were summarized and presented in a table. Result of the analysis shows that there were 39 culturally significant edible plants commonly exploited in the area for multiple uses. To sustain this trend, the need for active community participation in forest resource management was suggested for the benefit of all in this century. Keywords: Culturally Significant, Edible Plants, Conservation, Community Participation 1.0 Introduction In the history of mankind, forest resources have been exploited and are still been exploited from culture to culture by many as a major source of livelihood. One of such forest resource is edible plants. Literary sources show that there are more than twenty thousand (20,000) known species of edible plants in the world, many of which are "wild" or "semi-wild" GSJ© 2020 www.globalscientificjournal.com GSJ: Volume 8, Issue 5, May 2020 ISSN 2320-9186 324 stands in "native" forests (Dawson, Leakey, Clement, Weber, Cornelius, Roshetko, Vinceti, et al, 2014). -
Vegetative Reproduction of Trifolium Stoloniferum Stolons
Vegetative Reproduction of Trifolium stoloniferum Stolons Author: Penny Sparks Project Advisor: David Barker Trifolium stoloniferum (Running Buffalo Clover) is a stoloniferous, perennial legume that is native to Southern Ohio, KY, WV, and IN. It is a federal endangered species. Little is known about its reproductive and growth rates both in the greenhouse as well as in its natural habitat. Plants in the greenhouse produced long stolons but it was not known if these could be used to propagate new plants. The objectives of this research was to determine i) if T. stoloniferum stolons could be clipped and grown to form a daughter plant and ii) to determine if stolon size affected shoot or root production. Plants were grown from germplasm from the USDA-GRIN collection. Accession 631732 of T. stoloniferum was selected and stolons were randomly cut from mature plants in 1, 3, and 8 node pieces. These stolon pieces were planted in soil-less media 5 cm deep in the Kottman Greenhouse and grown for two weeks in full sun with watering as needed and no added fertilizer. At the end of the study, nodes were examined for new shoot and root growth and the amounts were recorded. All three node sizes had a similar success rate of new overall growth, with 90% of nodes producing shoots or roots. The 1- and 3-node stolon pieces had 2.20 and 1.85 shoots per node respectively and 2.50 and 1.61 shoots per node respectively. The 8-node stolon pieces had the majority of their shoot and root growth on the terminal end of the stolon piece. -
Plant Reproduction
AccessScience from McGraw-Hill Education Page 1 of 10 www.accessscience.com Plant reproduction Contributed by: Scott D. Russell Publication year: 2014 The formation of a new plant that is either an exact copy or recombination of the genetic makeup of its parents. There are three types of plant reproduction considered here: (1) vegetative reproduction, in which a vegetative organ forms a clone of the parent; (2) asexual reproduction, in which reproductive components undergo a nonsexual form of production of offspring without genetic rearrangement, also known as apomixis; and (3) sexual reproduction, in which meiosis (reduction division) leads to formation of male and female gametes that combine through syngamy (union of gametes) to produce offspring. See also: PLANT; PLANT PHYSIOLOGY. Vegetative reproduction Unlike animals, plants may be readily stimulated to produce identical copies of themselves through cloning. In animals, only a few cells, which are regarded as stem cells, are capable of generating cell lineages, organs, or new organisms. In contrast, plants generate or produce stem cells from many plant cells of the root, stem, or leaf that are not part of an obvious generative lineage—a characteristic that has been known as totipotency, or the general ability of a single cell to regenerate a whole new plant. This ability to establish new plants from one or more cells is the foundation of plant biotechnology. In biotechnology, a single cell may be used to regenerate new organisms that may or may not genetically differ from the original organism. If it is identical to the parent, it is a clone; however, if this plant has been altered through molecular biology, it is known as a genetically modified organism (GMO). -
The Origins of Fruits, Fruit Growing, and Fruit Breeding
The Origins of Fruits, Fruit Growing, and Fruit Breeding Jules Janick Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture Purdue University 625 Agriculture Mall Drive West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-2010 I. INTRODUCTION A. The Origins of Agriculture B. Origins of Fruit Culture in the Fertile Crescent II. THE HORTICULTURAL ARTS A. Species Selection B. Vegetative Propagation C. Pollination and Fruit Set D. Irrigation E. Pruning and Training F. Processing and Storage III. ORIGIN, DOMESTICATION, AND EARLY CULTURE OF FRUIT CROPS A. Mediterranean Fruits 1. Date Palm 2. Olive 3. Grape 4. Fig 5. Sycomore Fig 6. Pomegranate B. Central Asian Fruits 1. Pome Fruits 2. Stone fruits C. Chinese and Southeastern Asian Fruits 1. Peach 1 2. Citrus 3. Banana and Plantain 4. Mango 5. Persimmon 6. Kiwifruit D. American Fruits 1. Strawberry 2. Brambles 3. Vacciniums 4. Pineapple 5. Avocado 6. Papaya IV. GENETIC CHANGES AND CULTURAL FACTORS IN DOMESTICATION A. Mutations as an Agent of Domestication B. Interspecific Hybridization and Polyploidization C. Hybridization and Selection D. Champions E. Lost Fruits F. Fruit Breeding G. Predicting Future Changes I. INTRODUCTION Crop plants are our greatest heritage from prehistory (Harlan 1992; Diamond 2002). How, where, and when the domestication of crops plants occurred is slowly becoming revealed although not completely understood (Camp et al. 1957; Smartt and Simmonds 1995; Gepts 2003). In some cases, the genetic distance between wild and domestic plants is so great, maize and crucifers, for example, that their origins are obscure. The origins of the ancient grains (wheat, maize, rice, and sorghum) and pulses (sesame and lentil) domesticated in Neolithic times have been the subject of intense interest and the puzzle is being solved with the new evidence based on molecular biology (Gepts 2003). -
9 Asexual Reproduction and Cloning in Plants
Self-assessment questions 9.01 9 Asexual reproduction and cloning in plants 1 In natural vegetative propagation, which of the following structures are most likely to give rise to new individuals: (a) stems, (b) roots, (c) buds, (d) leaves, (e) flowers? 2 The drawing shows a plant which reproduces vegetatively. (a) What will need to happen before shoots A - C become independent plants? (b) How might a gardener assist this process? (c) What name is given to the horizontal stem in this kind of propagation? (d) Name a commercially grown fruit whose plants are propagated in this way A B C 3 Before stem cuttings are planted, the cut end of the stem is often dipped in a hormone powder. What is the point of this? 4 The following are thought to be some of the advantages of either vegetative reproduction or sexual reproduction: produces greater variety in the offspring, good at colonising new areas, reduces competition from other species, maintains desirable qualities in the offspring, good at colonising favourable areas Make a table with these qualities under the headings of 'Sexual reproduction' and 'Vegetative reproduction'. 5 If a gardener wanted to propagate a useful variety of apple tree in a way which maintained all its desirable qualities, which of the following techniques would be used: (a) planting stem cuttings in potting compost (b) grafting stem cuttings onto a rootstock (c) grafting buds on to a root stock (d) growing the seeds produced from the useful variety (e) cross-pollinating the variety with another good variety and growing