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HUBUNGAN PANJANG BERAT DAN FAKTOR KONDISI IKAN LIMBAT (Clarias Nieuhofii ) YANG TERTANGKAP PADA BUBU KAWAT DI PERAIRAN RAWA RIMBO ULU KABUPATEN TEBO PROVINSI JAMBI

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HUBUNGAN PANJANG BERAT DAN FAKTOR KONDISI IKAN LIMBAT (Clarias Nieuhofii ) YANG TERTANGKAP PADA BUBU KAWAT DI PERAIRAN RAWA RIMBO ULU KABUPATEN TEBO PROVINSI JAMBI SEMAH : Journal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Perairan http://ojs.umb-bungo.ac.id/index.php/SEMAHJPSP VOL. 4 No. 2 ISSN : 2580 - 0736 Desember 2020 HUBUNGAN PANJANG BERAT DAN FAKTOR KONDISI IKAN LIMBAT (Clarias nieuhofii ) YANG TERTANGKAP PADA BUBU KAWAT DI PERAIRAN RAWA RIMBO ULU KABUPATEN TEBO PROVINSI JAMBI Yudha Maulana Syuhada1 Rini Hertati2* Muhammad Natsir Kholis2 1Mahasiswa Jurusan Pemanfaatan Sumberdaya Perikanan Fakultas Perikanan, Universitas Muara Bungo-Jambi 2Staf Pengajar Jurusan Pemanfaatan Sumberdaya Perikanan Fakultas Perikanan, Universitas Muara Bungo-Jambi *Email: [email protected] ABSTRAK Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada Bulan Juni sampai Agustus 2020 di perairan rawa desa sukamaju. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui pola pertumbuhan dan faktor kondisi ikan limbat (Clarias nieuhofii ) yang tertangkap pada bubu kawat di perairan rawa desa sukamaju Kecamatan Rimbo Ulu Kabupaten Tebo Provinsi Jambi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survei dengan teknik ekperimental fishing. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ikan limbat (Clarias nieuhofii) memiliki pola pertumbuhan allometrik negatif, dimana pertumbuhan panjang lebih cepat dari pada pertumbuhan berat. Sedangkan faktor kondisi didapatkan nilai K= 1,01 yang artinya ikan limbat yang tertangkap dalam kondisi baik. Kata Kunci : Faktor Kondisi, Ikan Limbat, Jambi, Pola Pertumbuhan, Rimbo Ulu, ABSTRACT This research was conducted from June to August 2020 in the swamp waters of the Sukamaju village. The purpose of this study was to determine the growth patterns and condition factors of limbate fish (Clarias nieuhofii) caught in wire traps in the Swamp Waters of Sukamaju Village, Rimbo Ulu District, Tebo Regency, Jambi Province. The method used in this research is a survey method with experimental fishing techniques. The results showed that limbate fish (Clarias nieuhofii) had a negative allometric growth pattern, where the length growth was faster than the weight growth. While the condition factor obtained a value of K = 1.01, which means that the fish caught in good condition. Keywords: Condition Factors, Clarias nieuhofii, Jambi, Growth Patterns, Rimbo Ulu 90 I. PENDAHULUAN DKI Jakarta dikenal sebagai ikan lindi, Latar Belakang Provinsi Bengkulu disebut ikan kli Perikanan merupakan salah satu sungai dan lainnya sumber pendapatan bagi masyarakat di (Https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbat). Kabupaten Tebo, karena Kabupaten Informasi biologis ikan limbat Tebo memiliki perairan cukup sangat penting guna untuk potensial untuk pengembangan melestarikan sumberdaya ikan ini dari perikanan melalui perairan umum dan kepunahan. Banyak cara daratan. Salah satu alat penangkapan melestarikannya seperti: konservasi, ikan yang banyak digunakan nelayan budidaya, domestikasi, pola di Kabupaten Tebo yaitu dari jenis pertumbuhan dan hubungan panjang bubu. Prinsip dasar dari bubu adalah berat ikan (Syafrialdi , 2020). Salah menjebak penglihatan ikan sehingga satu cara melestarikan ikan limbat di ikan tersebut terperangkap di desa sukamaju Kecamatan Rimbo Ulu dalamnya. Alat ini sering diberi nama yaitu dengan melihat hubungan dan fishing pots atau fishing basket berat ikan limbat yang tertangkap pada (Brandt, 1984). Teknologi alat tangkap bubu kawat. Sebenarnya penangkapan menggunakan bubu data hubungan panjang dan berat ikan banyak dilakukan di negara-negara ini dapat digunakan sebagai dasar yang menengah maupun maju menentukan biomassa dalam (Martasuganda, 2005). mengestimasi produksi stok ikan Nelayan Kabupaten Tebo (Smith, 1996; Kholis et al., 2018). biasanya menggunakan alat tangkap Selain itu pengukuran panjang dan bubu kawat untuk menangkap ikan berat yang dihubungkan dengan umur limbat (Clarias nieuhofii). Ikan ini dapat memberikan informasi tentang merupakan sejenis ikan lele yang komposisi stok, umur, matang gonad, bertubuh panjang dan umumnya mortalitas, siklus hidup dan kekuning-kuningan. Ikan ini menyebar pertumbuhan (Fatioye dan Oluajo, luas di asia tenggara termasuk di 2005; Kholis et al., 2018). Tujuan dari semenanjung Malaysia, Indonesia penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui (Jawa, Sumatera, dan Kalimantan) pola pertumbuhan ikan limbat (Clarias hingga Filipina. Penamaan jenis ikan nieuhofii) dan faktor kondisinya ini dapat berbeda-beda disetiap diperairan rawa desa sukamaju wilayah seperti di Kabupaten Kampar Kecamatan Rimbo Ulu Kabupaten Provinsi Riau disebut ikan limbek, Tebo Provinsi Jambi. Provinsi Jambi disebut ikan lembat, II. METODE PENELITIAN Waktu dan Tempat Alat dan Bahan Penelitian dilakukan di perairan Alat yang digunakan dalam rawa desa sukamaju Kecamatan penelitian ini antara lain jerigen yang Rimbo Ulu Kabupaten Tebo Provinsi berfungsi sebagai penyimpan ikan Jambi (Gambar 1). Penelitian ini hasil tangkapan dari lokasi dilaksanakan selama 3 bulan yaitu dari pengambilan data sampai ke lokasi Bulan Juni sampai Agustus 2020. pengukuran, alat tangkap bubu kawat 91 SEMAH : Journal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Perairan http://ojs.umb-bungo.ac.id/index.php/SEMAHJPSP VOL. 4 No. 2 ISSN : 2580 - 0736 Desember 2020 yang berfungsi sebagai alat tangkap penandaan, kain lap untuk untuk menangkap ikan limbat, membersihkan peralatan dan kamera penggaris 30 cm digunakan untuk untuk dokumentasi. Bahan yang mengukur panjang tubuh ikan limbat, digunakan dalam penelitian adalah timbangan digital platfoarm scale ikan limbat dan umpan yang digunakan untuk menimbang berat digunakan pada alat tangkap bubu tubuh ikan limbat, kertas label untuk kawat. Gambar 1. Peta Lokasi Penelitian Metode dan Teknik Pengumpulan a. Prosedur kerja pemasangan alat Data tangkap bubu kawat dengan 30 kali Metode yang digunakan pada ulangan: penelitian ini yaitu metode 1. Menentukan lokasi yang akan eksperimental fishing. Data yang dipasang bubu digunakan terdiri dari data primer dan 2. Menyiapkan umpan yang akan data sekunder. Data primer diambil digunakan dengan melakukan operasi 3. Menyiapkan alat tangkap bubu penangkapan ikan secara langsung 4. Memasang umpan kedalam alat dengan alat tangkap bubu kawat. tangkap bubu Sedangkan data sekunder diambil 5. Pemasangan alat tangkap bubu dengan cara menelaah laporan atau (setting) tulisan yang relavan dari tinjauan 6. Pengangkatan alat tangkap bubu pustaka baik dari perguruan tinggi, (hauling) dinas perikanan dan lainnya. b. Prosedur kerja pengambilan sampel ikan hasil tangkapan dan proses Prosedur Penelitian pengukurannya: Penelitian ini memiliki prosedur 1. Ikan hasil tangkapan dimasukan kerja sebagai Berikut: kedalam jerigen. 92 2. Ikan diletakan di atas nampan 4. Kemudian ikan berat ukur. menggunakan timbangan digital 3. Ikan diukur panjang total (TL) dan dicatat hasilnya. satu persatu menggunakan mistar 5. Selanjutnya dianalisa data yang mulai ujung kepala hingga ke diperoleh menggunakan ujung ekor dan dicatat hasilnya microsoft office excel. (Gambar 2). Panjang Standar ( SL ) Panjang Total ( TL ) Gambar 2. Teknik Pengukuran Ikan Limbat Analisis Data . Nilai b > 3, ikan memiliki pola pertumbuhan 1. Analisis Hubungan Panjang dan allometrik positif (pertambahan Berat berat lebih cepat dari Untuk mencari hubungan antara pertambahan panjang). panjang berat tubuh ikan digunakan . Nilai b < 3, ikan persamaan meneurut (Effendie, 1997); memiliki pola pertumbuhan (Kholis et al., 2018) sebagai berikut: allometrik negatif (pertambahan panjang lebih W = aLb cepat dari pertambahan berat). 2. Analisis Faktor Kondisi Keterangan : Faktor kondisi menunjukan W= berat tubuh ikan limbat (g) keadaan baik dari ikan dilihat dari segi L= panjang ikan limbat (mm) kapasitas biologis dan kondisi a dan b = konstanta lingkungan ikan. Faktor kondisi Nilai b sebagai penduga hubungan dihitung dengan menggunakan sistem antara panjang dan berat dengan metrik berdasarkan hubungan panjang kriteria : bobot ikan sampel. Jika pertambahan . Nilai b = 3, ikan bobot seimbang dengan pertambahan memiliki pola pertumbuhan panjang maka pertumbuhan ikan isometrik (pertambahan berat bersifat isometrik sehingga persamaan seimbang dengan pertambahan untuk menghitung faktor kondisi yaitu, panjang). (Effendie 2002); (Bidawi et al., 2017): 93 SEMAH : Journal Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Perairan http://ojs.umb-bungo.ac.id/index.php/SEMAHJPSP VOL. 4 No. 2 ISSN : 2580 - 0736 Desember 2020 Keterangan : Apabila pertumbuhan bersifat KF= Faktor Kondisi allometrik yakni pertambahan panjang W = Bobot Ikan (g) dan pertambahan bobot tidak L = Panjang Total (mm) seimbang, maka persamaannya yaitu: III. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN sepat (Trichogaster trichopterus ), Komposisi Hasil Tangkapan Bubu ikan bujuk (Channa lucius cuvier), Kawat ikan betok (Anabas testudineus ), dan Komposisi hasil tangkapan bubu (kepiting) yuyu (Parathelphusa kawat yang dioperasikan sebanyak 30 convexa) dengan total hasil tangkapan kali pengulangan ini mendapat hasil 145 ekor. Untuk lebih jelasnya dapat tangkap sebanyak 5 spesies antara lain dilihat pada (Gambar 3) berikut. ikan limbat (Clarias nieuhofii ), ikan Gambar 3. Komposisi Hasil Tangkapan Bubu Kawat Berdasarkan (Gambar 3) dapat (Trichogaster trichopterus) 5 % diketahui bahwa komposisi hasil dengan jumlah 7 ekor, ikan bujuk tangkapan yang diperoleh selama (Channa lucius cuvier) 3% dengan penelitian dengan 30 kali pengulangan jumlah 5 ekor, ikan betik (Anabas sebanyak 5 spesies ikan. Hasil testudineus) 9% dengan jumlah 13 tangkapan didominasi ikan limbat ekor, dan (kepiting) yuyu (Clarias nieuhofii) yaitu 62 % dengan (Parathelphusa convexa) 14% dengan jumlah 100 ekor, ikan sepat jumlah 20 ekor yang tertangkap pada 94 alat tangkap bubu kawat di perairan diluar air, oleh
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