General Pathology Objectives Index General Pathology Objectives
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Evaluation of Genotoxicity and Cytotoxicity Amongst in Dental
Dental, Oral and Craniofacial Research Research Article ISSN: 2058-5314 Evaluation of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity amongst in dental surgeons and technicians by micronucleus assay Molina Noyola Leonardo Daniel1,2, Coronado Romo María Eugenia3, Vázquez Alcaraz Silverio Jafet4, Izaguirre Pérez Marian Eliza1,2, Arellano-García Evarista5, Flores-García Aurelio6 and Torres Bugarín Olivia1* 1Laboratorio de Evaluación de Genotóxicos, Programa Internacional de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Mexico 2Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Mexico 3Departamento de Ortodoncia, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Mexico 4Departamento de Endodoncia, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Mexico 5Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Mexico 6Unidad Académica de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepic, Nayarit, Mexico Abstract Introduction: Dental surgeons and technicians are continuously exposed to agents could be affect the genetic material and induce mutations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic and cytotoxic occupational risk of dental surgeons and technicians through the micronucleated cells (MNC) and nuclear abnormalities (NA) assay in oral mucosa. Methods: Case-control study. We have collected a buccal mucosa from dental surgeons, dental technicians and healthy individuals (matched by BMI, age and gender). The smears were fixed (ethanol 80%/48 h), stained (orange acridine) and analyzed (microscope, 100×). The frequency of MNC and NA (binucleated cells [BNC], lobulated nucleus [LN], condensed chromatins [CC], karyorrhexis [KR], pyknosis (PN) and karyolysis [KL] were counted in 2,000 cells per participant. Results: 90 samples were collected (26 surgeons, 19 technicians and 45 controls). Compared with controls, exception of PN, in surgeons was higher frequency and positive association of MNC and all NA (p<0.05). -
General Pathomorpholog.Pdf
Ukrаiniаn Medicаl Stomаtologicаl Аcаdemy THE DEPАRTАMENT OF PАTHOLOGICАL АNАTOMY WITH SECTIONSL COURSE MАNUАL for the foreign students GENERАL PАTHOMORPHOLOGY Poltаvа-2020 УДК:616-091(075.8) ББК:52.5я73 COMPILERS: PROFESSOR I. STАRCHENKO ASSOCIATIVE PROFESSOR O. PRYLUTSKYI АSSISTАNT A. ZADVORNOVA ASSISTANT D. NIKOLENKO Рекомендовано Вченою радою Української медичної стоматологічної академії як навчальний посібник для іноземних студентів – здобувачів вищої освіти ступеня магістра, які навчаються за спеціальністю 221 «Стоматологія» у закладах вищої освіти МОЗ України (протокол №8 від 11.03.2020р) Reviewers Romanuk A. - MD, Professor, Head of the Department of Pathological Anatomy, Sumy State University. Sitnikova V. - MD, Professor of Department of Normal and Pathological Clinical Anatomy Odessa National Medical University. Yeroshenko G. - MD, Professor, Department of Histology, Cytology and Embryology Ukrainian Medical Dental Academy. A teaching manual in English, developed at the Department of Pathological Anatomy with a section course UMSA by Professor Starchenko II, Associative Professor Prylutsky OK, Assistant Zadvornova AP, Assistant Nikolenko DE. The manual presents the content and basic questions of the topic, practical skills in sufficient volume for each class to be mastered by students, algorithms for describing macro- and micropreparations, situational tasks. The formulation of tests, their number and variable level of difficulty, sufficient volume for each topic allows to recommend them as preparation for students to take the licensed integrated exam "STEP-1". 2 Contents p. 1 Introduction to pathomorphology. Subject matter and tasks of 5 pathomorphology. Main stages of development of pathomorphology. Methods of pathanatomical diagnostics. Methods of pathomorphological research. 2 Morphological changes of cells as response to stressor and toxic damage 8 (parenchimatouse / intracellular dystrophies). -
Job Posting Clinical Microbiology Final
The Department of Pathology & Cell Biology at Columbia University Irving Medical Center (CUIMC) is recruiting for an MD, MD/PhD, or PhD academic clinical microbiologist of any rank to join our faculty as a Medical Director of the NewYork-Presbyterian/CUIMC Clinical Microbiology Laboratory. Applicants should have an established track record of accomplishment within the field of clinical microbiology and a demonstrated ability to lead an experienced group of laboratory technologists, supervisors, and staff. In addition to strong clinical and technical skills, particular emphasis is placed on candidates with a demonstrated record of collegiality and inter-departmental collaboration. Applicants must have completed a fellowship in clinical microbiology and be board-certified/board-eligible in Medical and Public Health Microbiology through the American Board of Medical Microbiology (ABMM) or board-certified/board- eligible in Clinical Pathology with subspecialty certification in Medical Microbiology through the American Board of Pathology (ABP). The applicant must also be able to satify clinical licensing requirements to serve as a Laboratory Director in New York State. The successful applicant will help oversee diagnostic testing in the areas of Bacteriology, Virology, Mycobacteriology, Mycology, and Parasitology. The position also includes responsibilities for teaching of pathology residents, medical students, infectious diseases fellows, and technical staff. Applicants must be currently involved in ongoing research with a track record of publications in the field. The position offers a competitive salary commensurate with training and experience, and an appointment to the faculty of the Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians & Surgeons. The Clinical Microbiology Laboratory at NewYork-Presbyterian/CUIMC is located in the Washington Heights neighborhood of New York City, offering unparalleled opportunities to work and live in a thriving, diverse, metropolitan environment with access to world-class cultural institutions, restaurants, and entertainment. -
USMLE – What's It
Purpose of this handout Congratulations on making it to Year 2 of medical school! You are that much closer to having your Doctor of Medicine degree. If you want to PRACTICE medicine, however, you have to be licensed, and in order to be licensed you must first pass all four United States Medical Licensing Exams. This book is intended as a starting point in your preparation for getting past the first hurdle, Step 1. It contains study tips, suggestions, resources, and advice. Please remember, however, that no single approach to studying is right for everyone. USMLE – What is it for? In order to become a licensed physician in the United States, individuals must pass a series of examinations conducted by the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME). These examinations are the United States Medical Licensing Examinations, or USMLE. Currently there are four separate exams which must be passed in order to be eligible for medical licensure: Step 1, usually taken after the completion of the second year of medical school; Step 2 Clinical Knowledge (CK), this is usually taken by December 31st of Year 4 Step 2 Clinical Skills (CS), this is usually be taken by December 31st of Year 4 Step 3, typically taken during the first (intern) year of post graduate training. Requirements other than passing all of the above mentioned steps for licensure in each state are set by each state’s medical licensing board. For example, each state board determines the maximum number of times that a person may take each Step exam and still remain eligible for licensure. -
Role of the Microbiology Laboratory in Infection Control
GUIDE TO INFECTION CONTROL IN THE HOSPITAL CHAPTER 3: Role of the Microbiology Laboratory in Infection Control Author Mohamed Benbachir, PhD Chapter Editor Gonzalo Bearman MD, MPH, FACP, FSHEA, FIDSA Topic Outline Key Issues Known Facts Suggested Practice Suggested Practice in Under-Resourced Settings Summary References Chapter last updated: January, 2018 KEY ISSUES The microbiology laboratory plays an important role in the surveillance, treatment, control and prevention oF nosocomial inFections. The microbiologist is a permanent and active member oF the infection control committee (ICC) and the antimicrobial stewardship group (ASG). Since most of the inFection control and antimicrobial stewardship programs rely on microbiological results, quality assurance is an important issue. KNOWN FACTS The microbiologist is a daily privileged interlocutor oF the infection control team (inFection control doctor and inFection control nurse) and the antimicrobial stewardship working group. The First task oF the microbiology laboratory is to accurately, consistently and rapidly identiFy the responsible agents to species level and identify their antimicrobial resistance patterns. Traditional microbiologic methods remain suboptimal in providing rapid identification and susceptibility testing. There is a growing need for more rapid and reliable laboratory results. Important progress made in the fields of instruments, reagents and techniques have made it easier to adapt to the important changes oF the clinical microbiology context e.g. increasing use of microbiology tests, shortage of qualiFied personnel. There is also a growing demand For quality in clinical laboratories and more and more countries are elaborating national regulations. 1 The microbiology processes are becoming increasingly more complex. InFormatics are playing an increasing role in the improvement oF these processes in terms oF workFlow, timeliness and cost. -
71182407Ad80c7abf430b599eb
Journal name: International Journal of Nanomedicine Article Designation: Original Research Year: 2017 Volume: 12 International Journal of Nanomedicine Dovepress Running head verso: Yang et al Running head recto: HA-SPIONs for effective cancer diagnosis and treatment open access to scientific and medical research DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IJN.S121249 Open Access Full Text Article ORIGINAL RESEARCH Hyaluronan-modified superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for bimodal breast cancer imaging and photothermal therapy Rui-Meng Yang1,* Abstract: Theranostic nanoparticles with both imaging and therapeutic abilities are highly Chao-Ping Fu2,* promising in successful diagnosis and treatment of the most devastating cancers. In this study, Jin-Zhi Fang1 the dual-modal imaging and photothermal effect of hyaluronan (HA)-modified superparamag- Xiang-Dong Xu1 netic iron oxide nanoparticles (HA-SPIONs), which was developed in a previous study, were Xin-Hua Wei1 investigated for CD44 HA receptor-overexpressing breast cancer in both in vitro and in vivo Wen-Jie Tang1 experiments. Heat is found to be rapidly generated by near-infrared laser range irradiation of HA- SPIONs. When incubated with CD44 HA receptor-overexpressing MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro, Xin-Qing Jiang1 HA-SPIONs exhibited significant specific cellular uptake and specific accumulation confirmed Li-Ming Zhang2 by Prussian blue staining. The in vitro and in vivo results of magnetic resonance imaging and 1Department of Radiology, Guangzhou photothermal ablation demonstrated that HA-SPIONs exhibited significant negative contrast First People’s Hospital, Guangzhou enhancement on T -weighted magnetic resonance imaging and photothermal effect targeted Medical University, 2School of 2 Materials Science and Engineering, CD44 HA receptor-overexpressing breast cancer. -
Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis: Challenges in Diagnosis and Management, Avoiding Surgical Lung Biopsy
395 Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis: Challenges in Diagnosis and Management, Avoiding Surgical Lung Biopsy Ferran Morell, MD1,2 Ana Villar, MD2,3 Iñigo Ojanguren, MD2,3 Xavier Muñoz, MD2,3 María-Jesús Cruz, PhD2,3 1 Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain Address for correspondence Ferran Morell, MD, Vall d’Hebron Institut 2 Ciber de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Spain de Recerca (VHIR), PasseigValld’Hebron, 119-129, 08035 Barcelona, 3 Servei de Pneumologia, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Catalonia, Spain (e-mail: [email protected]). Barcelona, Spain Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2016;37:395–405. Abstract This review presents an update of the currently available information related to Keywords hypersensitivity pneumonitis, with a particular focus on the contribution of several ► hypersensitivity techniques in the diagnosis of this condition. The methods discussed include proper pneumonitis elaboration of a complete medical history, targeted auscultation, detection of specific ► bronchoalveolar immunoglobulin G antibodies against the most common antigens causing this disease, lavage skin tests, antigen-specific lymphocyte activation assays, bronchoalveolar lavage, and ► fi speci c inhalation cryobiopsy. Special emphasis is placed on the relevant contribution of specificinhalation challenge challenge (bronchial challenge test). Surgical lung biopsy is presented as the ultimate ► bronchial challenge recourse, to be used when the diagnosis cannot be reached through the other methods test covered. -
Year 11 GCSE History Paper 1 – Medicine Information Booklet
Paper 1 Medicine Key topics 1 and 2 (1250-1500, 1500-1700) Year 11 GCSE History Paper 1 – Medicine Information booklet Medieval Renaissance 1250-1500 1500-1750 Enlightenment Modern 1900-present 1700-1900 Case study: WW1 1 Paper 1 Medicine Key topics 1 and 2 (1250-1500, 1500-1700) Key topic 1.1 – Causes of disease 1250-1500 At this time there were four main ideas to explain why someone might become ill. Religious reasons - The Church was very powerful at this time. People would attend church 2/3 times a week and nuns and monks would care for people if they became ill. The Church told people that the Devil could infect people with disease and the only way to get better was to pray to God. The Church also told people that God could give you a disease to test your faith in him or sometimes send a great plague to punish people for their sins. People had so much belief in the Church no-one questioned the power of the Church and many people had believed this explanation of illness for over 1,000 years. Astrology -After so many people in Britain died during the Black Death (1348-49) people began to look for new ways to explain why they became sick. At this time doctors were called physicians. They would check someone’s urine and judge if you were ill based on its colour. They also believed they could work out why disease you had by looking at where the planets were when you were born. -
Figuration. One Might Be Inclined to Explain This
DR. E. HUGHES: CRANIOTABES OF THE FŒTUS AND INFANT. 1045 .experiments of Neuschlosz,40 who found that an emulsion of lecithin in water possesses a surface CRANIOTABES OF THE FŒTUS AND tension dependent on the amount of Ca present. INFANT. Too much or too little Ca had the same effect. In the therapeutic application of lime salts one also BY EDMUND HUGHES, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P. LOND often notices opposite effects according to the amount used. IN a previous paper 1 I recorded some results of a To return for a moment t,o what Prof. Bayliss has clinical inquiry into this subject. The account then .called the " Clowes’s effect," it would seem that the given was composed under the combined disadvantages is view of the American author strongly supported of military service and paper shortage ; and this was by our experiments on the stereo-isomeric sugars. unfortunate, because the contentious nature of We have seen that pores are left between the oil- certain of the findings called for their rather full that ,drops, and it is obvious these pores, because presentment. I shall therefore make no apology they are subjected to the surface tension at the for re-stating these findings in somewhat more boundary, assume varying shapes. Now pores of a adequate form. could allow a con- definite shape sugars of definite Broadly, the position then reached was that the figuration-e.g., lævulose-to pass through, while recognised " craniotabes " arising during the first holding back sugars-e.g., glucose--of another con- few months of infancy is in many, and probably in be inclined figuration. -
Workers' Compensation for Occupational Respiratory Diseases
ORIGINAL ARTICLE http://dx.doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2014.29.S.S47 • J Korean Med Sci 2014; 29: S47-51 Workers’ Compensation for Occupational Respiratory Diseases So-young Park,1 Hyoung-Ryoul Kim,2 The respiratory system is one of the most important body systems particularly from the and Jaechul Song3 viewpoint of occupational medicine because it is the major route of occupational exposure. In 2013, there were significant changes in the specific criteria for the recognition of 1Occupational Lung Diseases Institute, Korea Workers’ Compensation & Welfare Service, Ansan; occupational diseases, which were established by the Enforcement Decree of the Industrial 2Department of Occupational and Environmental Accident Compensation Insurance Act (IACIA). In this article, the authors deal with the Medicine, College of Medicine, the Catholic former criteria, implications of the revision, and changes in the specific criteria in Korea by University of Korea, Seoul; 3Department of focusing on the 2013 amendment to the IACIA. Before the 2013 amendment to the IACIA, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, occupational respiratory disease was not a category because the previous criteria were Korea based on specific hazardous agents and their health effects. Workers as well as clinicians were not familiar with the agent-based criteria. To improve these criteria, a system-based Received: 20 December 2013 structure was added. Through these changes, in the current criteria, 33 types of agents Accepted: 6 April 2014 and 11 types of respiratory diseases are listed under diseases of the respiratory system. In Address for Correspondence: the current criteria, there are no concrete guidelines for evaluating work-relatedness, such Hyoung-Ryoul Kim, MD as estimating the exposure level, latent period, and detailed examination methods. -
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Scott M
© 2015. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Disease Models & Mechanisms (2015) 8, 591-602 doi:10.1242/dmm.019570 RESEARCH ARTICLE Presence of multiple lesion types with vastly different microenvironments in C3HeB/FeJ mice following aerosol infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis Scott M. Irwin1, Emily Driver1, Edward Lyon1, Christopher Schrupp1, Gavin Ryan1, Mercedes Gonzalez-Juarrero1, Randall J. Basaraba1, Eric L. Nuermberger2 and Anne J. Lenaerts1,* ABSTRACT reservoir (Lin and Flynn, 2010). Since 2008, the incidence of Cost-effective animal models that accurately reflect the pathological multiple-drug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (TB) in Africa has progression of pulmonary tuberculosis are needed to screen and almost doubled, while in southeast Asia the incidence has increased evaluate novel tuberculosis drugs and drug regimens. Pulmonary more than 11 times (World Health Organization, 2013). Globally, disease in humans is characterized by a number of heterogeneous the incidence of MDR TB increased 42% from 2011 to 2012, with lesion types that reflect differences in cellular composition and almost 10% of those cases being extensively drug-resistant (XDR) organization, extent of encapsulation, and degree of caseous TB. With the rise in MDR and XDR TB, new drugs and especially necrosis. C3HeB/FeJ mice have been increasingly used to model drugs with a novel mechanism of action or drugs that can shorten the tuberculosis infection because they produce hypoxic, well-defined duration of treatment are desperately needed. granulomas -
Silicosis: Pathogenesis and Changklan Muang Chiang Mai 50100 Thailand; Tel: 66 53 276364; Fax: 66 53 273590; E-Mail
Central Annals of Clinical Pathology Bringing Excellence in Open Access Review Article *Corresponding author Attapon Cheepsattayakorn, 10th Zonal Tuberculosis and Chest Disease Center, 143 Sridornchai Road Silicosis: Pathogenesis and Changklan Muang Chiang Mai 50100 Thailand; Tel: 66 53 276364; Fax: 66 53 273590; E-mail: Biomarkers Submitted: 04 October 2018 Accepted: 31 October 2018 1,2 3 Attapon Cheepsattayakorn * and Ruangrong Cheepsattayakorn Published: 31 October 2018 1 10 Zonal Tuberculosis and Chest Disease Center, Chiang Mai, Thailand ISSN: 2373-9282 2 Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand Copyright 3 Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand © 2018 Cheepsattayakorn et al. OPEN ACCESS Abstract Ramazzini first described this disease, namely “Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanokoniosis” Keywords and then was changed according to the types of exposed dust. No reliable figures on the silica- • Silicosis inhalation exposed individuals are officially documented. How silica particles stimulate pulmonary • Biomarkers response and the exact path physiology of silicosis are still not known and urgently require further • Pathogenesis research. Nevertheless, many researchers hypothesized that pulmonary alveolar macrophages play a major role by secreting fibroblast-stimulating factor and re-ingesting these ingested silica particles by the pulmonary alveolar macrophage with progressive magnification. Finally, ending up of the death of the pulmonary alveolar macrophages and the development of pulmonary fibrosis appear. Various mediators, such as CTGF, FBRS, FGF2/bFGF, and TNFα play a major role in the development of silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis. A hypothesis of silicosis-associated abnormal immunoglobulins has been postulated. In conclusion, novel studies on pathogenesis and biomarkers of silicosis are urgently needed for precise prevention and control of this silently threaten disease of the world.