DOCSLIB.ORG

Co-Existing City

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Co-Existing City Co-existing City A thesis submitted to the Graduate school of the University of Cincinnati in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Architecture in the School of Architecture and Interior Design of the College of Design, Architecture, Art, Planning by Chi Zhang B.A. Zhejiang University of Technology, 2013 Advisors: Greinacher, Udo Tang, Ming Wang, Xinhao Abstract Since the urbanization of China exploded after 1990, old city areas encountered many problems. They were unable to accommodate so many rural migrants, and traffic congestion and dwelling problems pushed a city’s boundary out at an incredible speed. However, people need more time and space to think about the quality of their life, and this new speed of urbanization caused new problems within cities. Take Shanghai as an example, the new area of Shanghai is not walkable because of super blocks, the division between different zones made residential areas dead at night due to limited activities and closed blocks made green spaces pointless. This thesis seeks to examine the current mega-plot system in Shanghai’s planned new area and the old city area through a study of the historical, economic, social and living conditions that have created it, and compare Shanghai with New York, Rome and Cairo in regards to their proportion of function, road density, footprint, and zoning, and try to generate a set of form based design guidelines to improve existing conditions. 2 3 Table of Contents Abstract List of Illustration 1. The Facts 2. History 3. Archetype 4. Precedents & Analysis 5. Site Analysis 6. Practice 7. Conclusion Resources 6 7 10. Chapter 2, Figure 5, 6, 7, 8, http://qn.cutt.com/160225093729920.640.441. 0.2423?viewImage2/2/w/500 11. The Patterns of the Urban Fabric of Beijing’s Hutong, Armel- le Caron, https://mir-s3-cdn-cf.behance.net/project_modules/disp/ c4059b1024470.5600c42284f3d.jpg 12. Chapter 3, Figure 1, http://www.zeigua.com/images/PreHeavenBaGua+- text.gif 13. Chapter 3, Figure 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, Zhu Wenyi, Space. Symbol. City - A Theory List of Illustration of Urban Design. Shuxin Press, 1995 1. Ghost City of China, https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&es- 14. Paris – Quartier Massena, http://www.christiandeportzamparc.com/ rc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjHjKCgx- wp-content/uploads/2014/06/CONTENU10-199511_MASSENA_170310_ NzQAhXFNSYKHUaXCfAQjRwIBw&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww. plan-masse-1080x810.jpg youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DvZdBeczDLpA&psig=AFQjCNGeQEb4o- qyZLDaE0KsSC88LGzTvKw&ust=1481009434369215 15. Chapter 4, Figure 4, Allan B. Jacobs, Greet Streets. The MIT Press, 1995 2. Chapter 1, Figure 1, http://pic.bbanp.com/img/20259830006017 16, Chapter 4, Figure 5, Pan Di, Key Transport Statistics of World Cities 3. Chapter 1, Figure 2, http://cyjctrip.qiniudn.com/45186/1370671715546p- 17. Chapter 4, Figure 8, http://www.bohemiantrails.com/wp-content/up- 17sh6bk9dndr18701riv5beplj.jpg loads/2013/05/stone-street.png 4. Chapter 1, Figure 3, http://pic.to8to.com/case/1506/15/20150615_ fe84839723f09e20dd588vxljn6s6zu7.jpg 5. Chapter 1, Figure 4, http://www.sydcch.com/upimg/al- limg/090616/0Z22WK3-0.jpg 6. Chapter 1, Figure 5, Preservation Green Lab, Older, Smaller, Better - Mea- suring how the character of buildings and blocks influences urban vitality 7. Old town area of Shanghai, https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/564x/ef/ d4/36/efd4368ed5468ce7c552094033cb2271.jpg 8. City with great vitality at Song Dynasty, http://www.iartdao.com/up- load/20151109/20151109075208_135.jpg 9. Chapter 2, Figure 1, 2,3,4, 9, http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_406290f- 50102wuo9.html 8 9 1. The Facts Ghost city of China 10 11 1.1 The confliction between city and block. 1.2 The detailed issues caused by the conflict ion As China has been developing at an astounding speed for two decades, a new 1.2.1 obstructing the veins of the city direction of city development appeared, but blocks, as cells of a city, have lost their way. Nowadays, the main issues for blocks in China are ‘‘mega-plot” and The veins of the city consist of the road network, the landscape system and “imperforation.” the river system. These networks and systems are either too sparse, or not smoothly connected. Currently, pedestrian lanes have to be sacrificed if the Mega-plot represents a loss of city structure and the separation of city compo- traffic is heavy; landscape has to be abandoned if there is too much traffic; nents. roads along the river have to be given up if the landscape system needs to be Mega-plots are the result of city traffic, administrative systems and devel- denser. For example, the sidewalk of Sichuan Road, Shanghai, is only 3 feet opment models. They helped improve these aspects to some degree, but a wide. (Figure 1) mega-plot creates a mini-city inside a bigger one and does not take citizens’ rights and interests as a priority. Imperforation means a loss of city public space and diverse social life. Due to concerns about safety, management and cost, closed communities are really common in Chinese cities, with doorkeeper standing in front of the gate Figure 1 and poor people kept out. Imperforation turns public space private. 1.2.2 Decreasing the vitality of the city and increasing the crime rate Actually, a closed community with a wall built along the boundary cuts the connection and communication with society and cannot really ensure safety. A closed community generally has only one single function with no one passing by during some time periods of the day. Those streets and squares with no support from the community can only be recognized as a vacant space to walk through, so there are always a lot of crime at night. 12 13 1.2.3 Generating isolation and separation, ruin the fairness 1.2.5 Decreasing opportunities for business Fairness is an important element for sustainable social development, but in Smaller blocks offer more commercial opportunities along the many streets fact, cities in China have been separated into many closed blocks. Professor around them in comparison to the fewer streets around a mega-block. This Edward Blakely from the University of California once said, “nowadays, we structure of city blocks can maximize business profit and bring more vitality find a new type of discrimination, which is setting security personnel and to the city. Research done by the Preservation Green lab also indicates that a building walls for community, I call it as fortressam.” In China, this kind of neighborhood with smaller blocks creates more jobs. (Figure 4, Figure 5) fortress also includes schools, firms and governments. There is no doubt that open blocks can help maintain fairness in society. Figure 4 Figure 5 1.2.6 Bringing inconvenience to daily life Figure 2 Figure 3 It is ridiculous that people who live in big cities with advanced public trans- 1.2.4 Ruining the landscape view of the city portation systems experience less convenience than those who live in small cities. People who live in small cities can get everything they need within A mega and single-functioned block brings the boundary as a continuous wall walking distance, but people in big cities actually spend much more time or monotonous elevation, which is boring and not friendly even to people who moving from one box to another. This affects everyone, especially the old and drive by. People are easily able to get lost in such a city landscape. In contrast, the disabled who tend to feel more frustration, or even despair. a small and open block can lead to a more diverse design and landscape, both inside and outside the block, with the inside and the outside melting together. Moreover, if the block was separate with different sides of properties, it would bring more variety to the view of the city. 14 15 1.3 Current situation of Shanghai’ old area is just competition game of pseudo-classic architecture, which is running the area instead of getting better. Today, Shanghai’s old city area is mainly the oval area embraced by Renmin Road and Xinhua Road. In this historical area, we can see houses of the Qing In the old city area of Shanghai, we can easily find road names such as Reed Dynasty, Shikumen communities, shops, temples, churches, gardens, ba- mat, Cao cang, Bamboo line, Blouse Dr Fang, which are all named by indus- zaars, etc. These buildings created a beautiful, historical view when combined try or celebrity. In a modern city, these names glisten with a sense of history. with those organically grown buildings later in this area. It still holds a lot of However, many cities are keen on the construction of expressways and trunk residents and small businesses at the moment, forming a small self-sufficient roads, and tend to neglect secondary roads, bicycle and pedestrian systems, society. If the surrounding old port area along the river which covers an area which makes arterial roads suffer from overload and traffic congestion, and of about 4 square kilometers is also included, this historical commercial and increases the burden of the city. residential area is brimmed with attractiveness like the ancient towns, histori- cal and delicate, but it now survives in the gap between the past and the future, However, compared with many successful cities which have a network of and is gradually abandoned as time goes by. smaller roads, Shanghai has more than 25 million residents, and the popula- tion is still increasing. This low-density and low-height model of city develop- However, this region is the favorite of Shanghai residents, especially old ment is not suitable because land is in very short supply.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Refining and Reappear Shanghai South Bund Revitalization
    Yu Jing Shanghai South Bund Revitalization 47 th ISOCARP Congress 2011 Refining and Reappearance: Shanghai South Bund Revitalization Foreword The functional transform of modern city and the rapid development of information communication make traditional industries of shipping docks and warehouses hollowed out. This makes waterfront area reconstruction imperative. It also brings fresh air to the exploration and development of urban social economy and its functional structure reform. Fuxing Dock of the South Bund, the subject of this article, has gone through its early prosperity, its later decline and the present reform. It serves as a good example to show the development process of all the many waterfront areas of the world. 1. Brief Background Introduction: Interactive Development of Shanghai City and Huangpu River As the biggest river in Shanghai, Huangpu River acted as a natural port and a lifeline of the city at the beginning. This 114-kilometer river originates in the southwest of Shanghai, runs through the whole city and joins Yangtze River at Wusong. Most of the waterfront areas on both banks of Huangpu River resulted from the industrialization of Shanghai from the late 19 th century and the early 20 th century. Docks, factories and warehouses cover most bank lines of the river. With the reconstruction of city industrial structure and city functional structure, these waterfront areas need immediate reforming. In the 1990s, the city of Shanghai crossed Huangpu River and started a new development stage, resulting in the exploitation of Pudong and later the rising of Lujiazui Finance and Trade Zone. The outward moving of ports and the adjustment of city industrial structure provide an opportunity to renovating and reforming the waterfront areas on both sides of Huangpu River.
    [Show full text]
  • Who Is Relocating Whom in the Renovation of Shanghai's Old City?
    China Perspectives 2013/1 | 2013 In the Name of the State: Interactions between local administrators and citizens Who is Relocating Whom in the Renovation of Shanghai’s Old City? Zhang Kai Translator: Will Thornely Electronic version URL: http://journals.openedition.org/chinaperspectives/6102 DOI: 10.4000/chinaperspectives.6102 ISSN: 1996-4617 Publisher Centre d'étude français sur la Chine contemporaine Printed version Date of publication: 15 March 2013 Number of pages: 29-39 ISSN: 2070-3449 Electronic reference Zhang Kai, « Who is Relocating Whom in the Renovation of Shanghai’s Old City? », China Perspectives [Online], 2013/1 | 2013, Online since 01 March 2016, connection on 28 October 2019. URL : http:// journals.openedition.org/chinaperspectives/6102 ; DOI : 10.4000/chinaperspectives.6102 © All rights reserved Special feature China perspectives Who is Relocating Whom in the Renovation of Shanghai’s Old City? ZHANG KAI ABSTRACT: The aim of this article is to describe the various actors who intervene in the renovation (and therefore relocation) projects that have been proliferating in Chinese cities for several years. The term “relocation” is a translation of the French term “délogement,” which was coined by the author to refer to the specific process that brings together urban renovation, destruction of housing, and dis - placement of occupants in China today. Based on a field study conducted in Shanghai between 2003 and 2008, this paper intends to re - veal the diversity of actors involved in such projects and the varied relationships they maintain with the official sphere, which directly influences the course of negotiations regarding compensation and rehousing. KEYWORDS: Shanghai, urbanisation, renovation, relocation.
    [Show full text]
  • Five New Towns in Shanghai. Present Situation and Future Perspectives
    1 3 Five new towns in Shanghai. 2 Present situation and future perspectives. 4 5 State-of-the Art 2013/2014 Ulf Ranhagen April 2014 Department of Urban Planning at the Swedish Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) © Ulf Ranhagen 2014 Graphic design Olav Heinmets Photos Ulf Ranhagen Printed by US-AB, Universitetsservice TRITA SoM 2014-04 ISSN 1653-6126 ISNR KTH/SoM/14-04/SE ISBN 978-91-7595-068-6 Contents Preface 4 Abstract 5 Introduction 6 The five selected new towns for the study trip 8 Luodian Town – the Swedish New Town 9 Gaoqiao – Holland Village 24 Anting New Town – the German New Town 27 Thames Town – the British New Town 30 Pujiang New Town – the Italian New Town 33 Summary of the analysis of the five new towns 35 Final reflections 38 References 39 Preface I am a Swedish Professor working in the Department of I warmly thank FFNS research foundation for its support of Urban Planning at the Swedish Royal Institute of Technolo- the study. I thank Leon Yu, General Manager of Shanghai gy (KTH) and as Chief Architect at Sweco. I have received Golden Luodian Development Ltd., and Professor Liu Xiao a grant from FFNS research foundation to perform an Ping and Harry den Hartog, author of Shanghai New Towns, overall diagnosis and analysis of the State-of-the-Art of the for giving me valuable information on Luodian New Town. urban environment of new towns in Shanghai, especially The information centers of Anting New Town and Holland the towns developed within the framework of the One City Village also gave me valuable, useful information material for Nine Towns, which was launched in 2001.
    [Show full text]
  • Dan Washburn in His Neighborhood, Hua Ye Xiao Qu. Dan Will Answer Questions About Shanghai on Tuesday, July 11, at Budgettravelo
    Dan Washburn in his neighborhood, Hua Ye Xiao Qu. Dan will answer questions about Shanghai on Tuesday, July 11, at BudgetTravelOnline.com My Shanghai Is Better ThanYours Four years ago, Dan Washburn dropped everything, moving from suburban Georgia to China’s most dynamic city. As the editor of Shanghaiist.com, he’s since learned far more about Shanghai than we ever could hope to, so we’ve invited him to tell us the best places to eat, shop, and play. Photographs by Ryan Pyle I ARRIVED IN SHANGHAI BY ACCIDENT, REALLY. I had a decent that Shanghai is certainly never boring. The city is constantly gig at a small newspaper outside Atlanta—they paid me to try changing, always reinventing itself. The relentless pace of the a new activity each week (bull riding, skydiving, nude water place is addictive. I have fallen in love with Shanghai (and no, volleyball...) and write about my experiences. Not bad. Of course, that’s not hyperbole). I also had to cover high school tennis, but there are always trade- I had a personal website before I moved to Shanghai, so I kept offs in life. Nearly four years into my Georgia stay, with another it going once I got here. Hard to believe now, but back in 2002, high school sports season on the horizon, I suddenly decided I there was a dearth online of English-language information about needed to make a change. I didn’t know what, and I didn’t know the city. My blog, Shanghaidiaries.com, quickly attracted a dedi- where.
    [Show full text]
  • Shanghai at a Glance
    Shanghai At A Glance 28 I. Brief introduction Shanghai, an open city on the coast and a famous historical and cultural city, is a gate to the Yangtze River delta. It is a municipality under the direct jurisdiction of the Central Government, the largest economic and trade center, a comprehensive industrial base and the leading port in China. Shanghai is well known in the world not only for its prosperous cosmopolitan feature but also for its rich humanistic resources. In recent years, a number of modem buildings have been added to the city, such as the Oriental Pearl TV Tower, Shanghai Museum, Shanghai Library, Shanghai Stadium, Shanghai Grand Theatre, Shanghai Circus City, Shanghai City-Planning Exhibition Hall and Jin Mao Tower, Shanghai Science & Technology Museum. They have become new scenic sights in Shanghai. Colorful festivities, like Shanghai Tourism Festival and Shanghai China International Art Festival, have attracted an increasing number of tourists from home and overseas. II. Geographical Area of Shanghai Shanghai is the largest city of China and covers an area of 5,800 square kilometers. Shanghai, which means "above the sea", faces the East China Sea (part of the Pacific Ocean), and is bisected by the Huangpu River. Puxi contains the city proper on the western side of Huangpu River, while an entirely new financial district has been erected on the eastern bank of the Huangpu in Pudong. III. Facts about Shanghai • Language The official language in China is Mandarin but distinct dialects are spoken throughout the country. English is not normally used except in major cities. Most of the young people in Shanghai can speak English well and most people in business can speak English as well.
    [Show full text]
  • SHEN-DISSERTATION-2019.Pdf (12.95Mb)
    ENGINEERING SHANGHAI: WATER, SEWAGE, AND THE MAKING OF HYDRAULIC MODERNITY A Dissertation Presented to The Academic Faculty by Xincheng Shen In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree PhD in the SCHOOL OF HISTORY AND SOCIOLOGY Georgia Institute of Technology MAY 2019 COPYRIGHT © 2019 BY XINCHENG SHEN ENGINEERING SHANGHAI: WATER, SEWAGE, AND THE MAKING OF HYDRAULIC MODERNITY Approved by: Dr. Hanchao Lu, Advisor Dr. Joe Brown School of History and Sociology School of Civil and Environmental Georgia Institute of Technology Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Dr. John Krige Dr. John Tone School of History and Sociology School of History and Sociology Georgia Institute of Technology Georgia Institute of Technology Dr. Laura Bier School of History and Sociology Georgia Institute of Technology Date Approved: [March 11, 2019] In Memory of My Grandparents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The origin of this research is a myth. As far as I recall, I came up with this idea of studying city water infrastructures as a midway to combine my archaeology background and the new pursuit of STS and urban history. But my father insists that he is the one who crafted the theme in one of our many conversations. Either way, I owe a great deal to my parents, whose integrity, compassion, patriotism, and thirst for knowledge never cease to amaze me. Living up to their expectation is not easy. With this dissertation completed I hope I am half way there. Six years ago, I decided to come to Georgia Tech for my PhD study. It turned out to be one of the best decisions I have ever made.
    [Show full text]
  • Economic Development, Urban Expansion, and Sustainable Development in Shanghai
    Stoch Environ Res Risk Assess (2014) 28:783–799 DOI 10.1007/s00477-012-0623-8 ORIGINAL PAPER Economic development, urban expansion, and sustainable development in Shanghai Wenze Yue • Peilei Fan • Yehua Dennis Wei • Jiaguo Qi Published online: 22 August 2012 Ó Springer-Verlag 2012 Abstract Studies of urbanization effects in Chinese cities 1 Introduction from the aspect of the coupled development of economy and environment are rare due to data limitations. This paper Chinese cities have grown rapidly and experienced drastic studied Shanghai’s fast urban expansion and examined the spatial restructuring in the last three decades since the dynamic relationship between economic growth and envi- economic reform began (Ma 2004; Luo and Wei 2009). ronment consequences at the district level. We extracted data The blistering speed and the massive scope of urban spatial on urban built-up area and land surface temperature from reconfiguration are unprecedented. Rapid urban expansion remote sensing images. We analyzed the patterns of urban and the dramatic changes in urban landscapes in China expansion and land use change and explained the dynamic have had considerable impacts on the economy and relationship between economic development and environ- environment. Environmental degradation and economic ment conditions. We attributed the uneven economic inequality are major concerns which have attracted the development and environmental change in districts of attention of researchers since the early 1990s (Fan et al. Shanghai to four main institutional factors: (1) the role of the 2009;Ma2004; Wei 2002). government, (2) the multi-level urban planning system, (3) A substantial body of research has emerged concerning land market reform, and (4) the economic restructuring.
    [Show full text]
  • Displacement Within the City a Thesis Presented to the Faculty Of
    Displacement Within the City Perceiving Shanghai’s Historic Alley Communities Through Residents’ Perspective A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of Architecture, Planning, and Preservation Columbia University in the City of New York In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Urban Planning by: Sheng-Yi Xu Advisor: Hiba Bou Akar Reader: Kate Dunham 2018.05.01 Abstract Over the past two decades, Shanghai has witnessed dramatic urban renewal process and evolved into a global metropolis. Under the prevailing Chinese urbanization, the city was also faced with physical and social problems. Demolition of entire historic communities allows high-rise construction for residential and commercial uses, resulting in the displacement of local residents. This research therefore focuses on the impacts felt by the residents of the rapid transformation of their traditional neighborhoods. The research studies three historic neighborhoods in city center, which exemplify some of the different processes of urban renewal taking place in Shanghai today. The aim of this research is to understand the reactions of local residents to the physical and demographic transformation of their traditional neighborhoods and the reasons behind their decisions. The research includes information gathered from community visits, resident surveys, conversations with locals and provides an analysis of the results in order to identify challenges and opportunities. In the end, the research concludes with three recommendations of policy and regulation changes to mitigate the problems seen in the three different types of historic residential neighborhoods. 1 Acknowledge First of all, I would like to thank my thesis advisor Hiba Bou Akar for her guidance and valued feedback.
    [Show full text]
  • Pudong and Putonghua: Sound Change and Language Shift in Shanghai
    Pudong and Putonghua: Sound Change and Language Shift in Shanghai Laura Wellman 乙：“他的普通话怎么样？” 甲： “他的浦东话很好。” First speaker: “How’s his Putonghua?” Second speaker: “Well, his Pudong-ese is very good…”i Advisors: Stephen Anderson & Joseph Errington Submitted to the faculty of the Department of Linguistics in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts Yale University May 1, 2013 1 Table of Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................................................ 3 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 4 A Brief History of Shanghai & Shanghainese ............................................................................ 6 Existing Literature on Shanghainese .......................................................................................... 9 Important considerations about methodology and available data ......................................... 10 Models of Language Shift ............................................................................................................. 12 Part I: Social Evidence for Language Shift in Shanghai ............................................ 15 Language Planning ......................................................................................................................... 16 Urban DevelopMent and Dissolution of Speaker CoMMunities ....................................
    [Show full text]
  • “The Wheels That Transformed the City: the Historical Development of Public Transportation Systems in Shanghai, 1843-1937”
    “The Wheels that Transformed the City: The Historical Development of Public Transportation Systems in Shanghai, 1843-1937” A Ph.D Dissertation Presented to The Academic Faculty by Fang Zhou In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the School of History, Techology, and Society Georgia Institute of Technology December 2010 “The Wheels that Transformed the City: The Historical Development of Public Transportation Systems in Shanghai, 1843-1937” Approved by Prof. Hanchao Lu, Advisor Prof. John Krige School of History, Technology, and Society School of History, Technology, and Society Georgia Institute of Technology Georgia Institute of Technology Prof. Steven Usselman Prof. Ronald Bayor School of History, Technology, and Society School of History, Technology, and Society Georgia Institute of Technology Georgia Institute of Technology Prof. Parks Coble Date Approved: May 11, 2010 Department of History University of Nebraska ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are many individuals whom I would like to thank during the research and completion of my dissertation. First, my greatest thanks and appreciation goes to my advisor, Prof. Hanchao Lu. Prof. Lu had guided and encouraged me from the beginning of my journey at Georgia Tech. Besides being one of the leading scholars of Chinese history, Prof. Lu has been the best mentor I could have had. I am forever indebted to Prof. Lu for his kindness, generosity, and support during the past five years. Prof. Lu‟s continued confidence in me even as I made numerous mistakes and shortcomings in my academic development had been extremely inspiring. Words cannot express how much gratitude I feel for having the opportunity to be mentored and advised by Prof.
    [Show full text]
  • Globalization and Emerging Office and Commercial Landscapes in Shanghai1
    GLOBALIZATION AND EMERGING OFFICE AND COMMERCIAL LANDSCAPES IN SHANGHAI1 Jiaping Wu2 School of Humanities and Communication Central Queensland University Rockhampton, Australia Abstract: Office and commercial infrastructure in urban China largely disappeared during the period of central planning between 1949 and 1978. The role of downtown areas in China’s cities, however, has been reinvented as a result of China’s global integration. In Shanghai, com- prehensive planning efforts were made for the renovation of the CBD and the restructuring of the inner city. This article examines the emergence of office and commercial landscapes by linking planning implementation to broad market transition. It argues that the emergence of office and commercial centers in Shanghai can be viewed as the result of market forces as well as discre- tionary implementation of city comprehensive plans by local governments in the inner city—in response to global integration on the one hand and investor interests on the other. [Key words: globalization, urban planning, office and commercial space, Shanghai.] INTRODUCTION After many years of relative decline as a result of the boom in private car use, the cen- tral areas of cities have undergone a renaissance since the 1990s. Re-centralization has occurred throughout the world, in part due to economic globalization. The location of “key command and control functions” (Sassen, 1996a) and other producer services assigned to cities in the new international division of labor (Friedmann, 1986) have tended to be disproportionately concentrated in central business districts (CBD) of cities (Moulaert et al, 1996; Borja and Castells, 1997). This has created a new sectoral mix within the city’s economic base and new patterns of service production and consumption as demonstrated by the emergence of high-rise office complexes, secondary business centers, specialized service clusters, and new retail landscapes (Marcuse and van Kempen, 2000).
    [Show full text]
  • Urban Conservation in China: the Reasons and Conflicts of Historical Neighborhood Preservation
    Urban Conservation in China: The reasons and conflicts of historical neighborhood preservation A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of Architecture and Planning COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in Urban Planning by Mengyao Wang May 2017 Table of Content 1. Introduction .......................................................................................................... 4 2. Background ........................................................................................................... 6 2.1 Urban redevelopment in US and Western countries ...................................................................... 6 2.2 Urban redevelopment in China ................................................................................................................ 7 2.3 Urban conservation in China ..................................................................................................................... 8 2.4 Political structure ........................................................................................................................................... 9 3. Literature Review ................................................................................................ 13 3.1 Growth Coalition in urban redevelopment in China .................................................................... 13 3.2 Urban conservation difficulties ............................................................................................................. 13 4. Research
    [Show full text]