The Writings of Ian Nish

BOOKS

Anglo-Japanese Alliance, 1894-1907 (London, 1966). The Story of Japan (London, 1968). Alliance in Decline (London, 1972). Japanese Foreign Policy, 1869-1942: Kasumigaseki to Miyakezaka (London, 1977). The Origins of the Russo-Japanese War (London, 1985). China, Japan and Nineteenth-Century Britain (with D. Steeds; Dublin, 1977).

Edited

Anglo-Japanese Alienation 1919-1952 (Cambridge, 1982). Contemporary European Writing on Japan (Ashford, 1988). British Documents on Foreign Affairs: Reports and Papers from the Foreign Office Confidential Print Pt. 1, Series E, vo1s 1-10, Japan 1860-1914 (University Publications of America, 1989). European Studies on Japan (with C. Dunn; Tenterden, 1979).

ARTICLES

'Japan's Indecision during the Boxer Disturbances', Journal of Asian Studies, vol. 20, 1961, pp. 449-61. 'British Mercantile Co-operation in the India-China Trade', Journal of South-East Asian History, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 74-91. September 1962. 'Dr. G. E. Morrison and the Portsmouth Conference', Journal of Royal Australian Historical Society, vol. 48, pp. 426-35, March 1963. 'Dr. G. E. Morrison and Japan', Journal of the Oriental Society ofAustralia, vol. II, no. 1, 1963. 'Australia and the Anglo-Japanese alliance, 1901-1911', Australian Journal of Politics and History, vol. LX, no. 2, November 1963. 'Japan Reverses the Unequal Treaties: The Anglo-Japanese Commercial Treaty of 1894', Papers of Hong Kong International Conference on Asian History, no. 20, September 1964. ', Focus of Russo-Japanese Diplomacy, 1898-1903', Asian Studies, vol. IV, no. 1, April 1966. 'Japan and the Ending of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance', in K. Bourne and D. C. Watt (eds), Studies in International History. Essays Presented to W. N. Medlicott (Longmans Green, 1967).

182 The Writings of Ian Nish 183

'Is Japan a Great Power?' in G. W. Keaton and G. Schwarzenberger (eds) The Year Book of World Affairs, Butterworth 1967. 'The Royal Navy and the Taking ofWeihaiwei, 1895-1905' The Mariner's Mirror, vol. 54, no. 1, 1967. 'Britain and the Ending of the Anglo-Japanese Alliance' , Bulletin of the Japan Society of London, vol. 53, 1967. 'Dr. Morrison and China's Entry into the World War, 1915-17', in R. M. Hatton and M. S. Anderson (eds), Studies in Diplomatic History: Essays in Memory of David Bayne Horne, Longman, 1970. 'Japan Goes to War', History of the First World War, December 1969. 'Japan and the 21 Demands', History of the First World War, June 1970. 'Admiral Jerram and the German Pacific Fleet 1913-15', The Mariner's Mirror, vol. 56, no. 4, 1970. 'George Watson', in H. L. Waugh (ed.), George Watson's College, George Watson's College, 1971. 'Japan and China - the Case of Wei-Hai-Wei, 1894-1906', Fukwoka UNESCO Report, no. 8, 1973. 'Japan Among the Powers' in The Year Book ofWorld Affairs 28, pp. 90-104 (1974). 'British Trade with China in the Nineteenth Century' in China and the Red Bar­ barians, National Maritime Museum Monographs, no. 8, 1973. 'Japan's Policies Towards Britain', in 1. W. Morley (ed.), Japan's Foreign Policy, 1858-1941 New York: Columbia University Press, 1974, pp. 134-236. 'The Reemergence of Japan', in F. S. Northedge (ed.), The Foreign Policies of the Powers, pp. 296-319 (Faber, 1974). 'Economic Bases of Japan's Foreign Relations', Rivista Internazionale di Science Economicle e Commerciali, no. 4, pp. 353-368, 1975. 'Japan Reverses the Unequal Treaties: the Anglo-Japanese Commercial Treaty of 1894', Journal o/Oriental Studies, vol. XIII, no. 2,1975. 'Queen Elizabeth and Japan', Contemporary Review, vol. 227, no. 1317, October 1975, pp. 183-7. 'Japan and the Outbreak of War in 1941', in A. Sked and C. Cook (eds). Crisis and Controversy. Essays in Honour of A. J. P. Taylor. Macmillan, 1976. 'Japan's Electoral Prospects', World Today, November 1976. 'China and Japan, 1905-16', (with E. W. Edwards) in F. H. Hinsley (ed.), British Foreign Policy under Sir Edward Grey, Cambridge University Press, 1977. 'Japan's War History Series: List and Commentary', Proceedings of the British Association for Japanese Studies, vol. II, 1977. 'Diplomats in Japan', Journal of the Institute of World Affairs, vol. 26,1978. 'Themes in Japan's Foreign Relations', World Today, May 1978. 'Themas in Japan's buitenlandse betrekkingen', Internationale Spectator, XXXII, no. 5 (May 1978) pp. 313-18. 'A Japanese Diplomat looks at Europe 1920-39' in I. H. Nish and C. Dunn (eds), European Studies on Japan. London: Norbury 1979. 'Nihongaku to Chagokugaku' (Japanese studies and Chinese studies), in Kokusai Koryu, no. 18, 1978. 'The Korean War', English Historical Review, vol. 93, 1978. 'Mr Yoshida at the London Embassy, 1936-8 Bulletin of the Japan Society of London, no. 87 (1978) pp. 3-7. 184 Conflict and Amity in East Asia 'Japan's Search for Security: the Last Hundred Years', Perspectives on Japan. vol. 2, 1979, pp. 13-16. 'Japan and the Singapore Base', Bulletin of the Japan Society of London, no. 92 (November 1980) pp. 11-13. 'Japan's Security Preoccupations', The World Today, November 1980. 'Japan's zorgen overzign veiligheid', Internationale Spectator, November 1980. 'Regaining Confidence: Japan After the Loss of Empire' , Journal of Contemporary History, vol. 15, 1980. 'Japan in Britain's View of the International System, 1919-37' in I. H. Nish (ed.), Anglo-Japanese Alienation, 1919-1952: Papers of the Anglo-Japanese Confer­ ence on the History of the Second World War, Cambridge University Press, 1982. 'Japan - The Foreign Ministry' in Zara Steiner (ed.), The Times Survey of Foreign Ministries of the World, Time Books, 1982. 'Anglo-Japanese Relations', Contemporary Review, vol. 239, no. 1390, November 1981, pp. 231--6. 'The Three-Power Intervention of 1895', in AR. Davis and AD. Stefanowska (eds), Austrina, Oriental Society of Australia, 1982. 'Yoshida Shigeru: His Life and Times', Hosei Occasional Papers, 1983. 'Naval Thinking and the Anglo-Japanese Alliance, 1900-4', Hogaku Kenkyu, vol. 56, no. III, 1983. 'Japan's Second South-East Asia', Contemporary Review, vol. 243, no. 1411, August 1983, pp. 79-82. The Greater East Asian Coprosperity Sphere' in K. Neilson (ed.), Coalition War­ fare, St. Laurent Press, 1984. 'Japanese Intelligence and the Approach of the Russo-Japanese War' in D. N. Dilks and C. Andrews (eds), The Missing Dimension, Macmillan, 1984. 'Aston-Gwatkin to Nihon' in A lriye and T. Aruga (eds), Senkanki no Nihon Guiko, Press, 1984. 'Ito Hirobumi in St. Petersburg, 1901' in Gordon Daniels (ed), Europe Interprets Japan, London: Norbury, 1984. 'British Perceptions of Occupied Japan: A Comment' T. W. Burkman (ed.), The : The International Context, MacArthur Foundation, Norfolk, Virginia, 1984. 'British Foreign Secretaries and Japan, 1892-1905' in B. J. C. McKercher and D. J. Moss (eds), Shadow and Substance in British Foreign Policy, 1895-1939, University of Alberta Press, 1984. 'Some Thoughts on Japanese Expansion' in W. 1. Mommsen and J. Osterhammel (eds), Imperialism and After: Continuities and Discontinuities, Allen & Unwin, 1986. 'Jousting with Authority: The Tokyo Embassy of Sir Francis Lindley, 1931-4, Proceedings of the Japan Society ofLondon, no. 105, (December 1986) pp. 9-19. 'Anglo-Japanese Alliance 1902-23', Perspectives on Japan, vol. 7 (1987) pp. 11-15. The Writings of Ian Nish 185 INTERNATIONAL STUDIES Discussion Paper Series: Edited

IS 80/05 Indonesian Experience: The Role of Japan and Britain, 1943-1948. IS 80/16 Some Foreign Attitudes to Republican China. IS 81/38 The Russian Problem in East Asia. IS 82/42 Bakumatsu and : Studies in Japan's Economic and Social History. IS 82/49 The East Asian Crisis, 1945-1951. The Problem of China, Korea and Japan. IS 82/56 Some Aspects of Soviet-Japanese Relations in the 1930s. IS 83n8 The British Commonwealth and the Occupation of Japan. IS 84/90 Aspects of Anglo-Korean Relations Part One. IS 84/94 Aspects of Anglo-Korean Relations Part Two. IS 84/107 The of 1940: Japan, Germany and Italy. IS 85/116 1945 in South-East Asia Part One. IS 85/123 1945 in South-East Asia Part Two. IS 85/127 Anglo-Japanese Naval Relations. IS 86/131 Aspects of the Allied Occupation of Japan. IS 86/137 Anglo-Japanese Relations in the 1930s and 1940s. IS 86/140 German-Japanese Relations in the 1930s. IS 87/152 Aspects of the Korean War. IS 87/166 South Asia in International Affairs 1947-56. IS 88/177 Borrowing and Adaptation: Studies in Tokugawa, Meiji and Taisho Japan. IS 89/187 Interwar Japan. IS 89/197 Japan and the Second World War. IS 89/204 Educational and Technological Exchange in 19th Century Asia. IS 89/208 The Japanese Constitution of 1889. IS 90/213 The Soviet Union in East Asia. IS 90/214 British Writings on Japanese History. Index

Abe Nobuyuki, 41 Japanese policy towards (1927-9), 16-27 Acheson, Dean 117, 120, 144, 145, 152, Japanese policy towards (c. 1935-41), 153-4, 155, 157 37-45,53-4 Alsop, Joseph, 101 Manchurian crisis (1931-3) and, 34-5, Amethyst, HMS, 146, 160 nl3 38 Anglo-Japanese alliance (1902-23), vii, negotiation of commercial treaty with viii, 24, 30, 32 Japan (1896), 1-15 Anglo-Japanese conference (1979), 77-9 participation in Korean war (1950-3), Anti-Comintern pact (1936-7), 31, 38-9 146,155-9 ANZUS treaty (1951),120, 132-4 Roosevelt's policy towards (1941-5), Arita Hachiro, 30, 40, 41 93-107 Armstrong, E.F.E., 78 Stilwell's attitude towards (1942-4), Atcheson, George, 106, 115, 123 n30 99-107 Altlee, Clement, 149, 153, 155, 158 victory of CCP, 143-7, 151-2, 154 Australia, 114, 119, 127, 128-37 Chinese Eastern Railway, 87 Chinese Imperial Maritime Customs, 12 Ba Maw, 85-6 Chudo Kan'ei, 38 Baker, Kenneth, 178 Churchill, Winston S., 93, 98, 101, 107, Bank of Japan, 22 157, 158. 166 Bamby, Lord, 35 CIA (Central Intelligence Agency), 119 Berendsen, Sir Carl, 129-30, 132-3 Clifford, Clark, 115, 116, 121 nl Bevin, Ernest, 114, 117, 144, 146, 149, 153 Cohan, George M., 94 Bradley, Clive, 177 Cold War, 95, 114, 116, 123 n45, 131, 143, Bradley, Omar, 155 148,160 nl3 British Council, 55 Compton, Carl, 112 British Leyland, 177 Craigie, Sir Roben, 30, 39 Burma, 77,81-4, 88 Cushendun, Lord, 24 Burma Road, 40 Byrnes, James F., 113, 114, 121 n7, 123 n27 Daniels, F.J., 166 Davies, John Paton, 99, 100, 102, 105, Cairo conference (1943), 101, 103 106-7 Carlson, Evans, 103, 106 Debuchi Katsuji, 19-20 Challis, R.O., 135 De Rothschild, Edmond, 171 Chamberlain, Sir Austen, 20, 24, 31 Dening, Sir Esler, 143 Chamberlain, Neville, 35, 39 Dixon, Sir Pierson, 153 Chang Yui-huan, II Dodge, Joseph, 116, 123 n36 Charles, Prince of Wales, 177 Doidge, Frederick, 132 Chartered Bank, 170 Dulles, John Foster, 117-19, 131, 149-53, Chefoo Convention (1876), 11 158 Chennault, Claire L., 99, 100, 101 Dunkirk (1940), 41 Chiang Kai-shek, 18, 19,24,40-4,86,87, 93,95,98-107, 145, 151-3 Eden, Anthony, 146, 153, 157 Chicherin, Oeorgii, 21 Eisenhower, Dwight, 157, 158 China Elizabeth II, Queen, x, 177 defeat of Kuomintang, 107, 143-6, Emmerson, John K., 97, 113 151-2 European Community, 137, 139

186 Index 187

Far Eastern Commission, 114, 129-30 Harvey, Alan, 168 Fearey, Robert, 117 Hayashi Senjiirti, 35 Fonnosa, see Taiwan , 5, 6, 9, I{}-II Forrestal, James Y., 112, 122 n9 Heath, Edward, 173 France, 4, 41, 42, 44, 96 Hill, L.R., 23 Franks, Sir Oliver, 145 , Emperor, see Shtiwa Fraser, Peter, 130, 131 Hirota Koki, 31, 36 Fujitsu Company, 178 Hitachi Company, 173, 174 Fukuda Takeo, 173 Hitler, Adolf, 84, 94 Holland, see Netherlands Gaitskell, Hugh, 149-50, 156 Holland, Sidney, 137 Gascoigne, Sir Alvary, 145 Honda Company, 177 GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Honda Masaki, 77 Trade), 135-40, 166 Hong Kong, 40, 113, 144, 146-7, 155 Gauss, Clarence, 104, 105 Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Gennany, 4,36,39,55,63-4,76 n51, 84, Corporation, 170 112, 123 n36, 150 Hopkins, Harry L., 99, 101-3 Glaxo Company, 179 Hornbeck, Stanley, 88 Gotti Shimpei, 21 Hull, Cordell, 93, 96 Grajdanzev, AJ., 64 Hurley, Patrick, 105-7 Great Britain aftennath of alliance, 16 Ibn Saud, King, 93 alliance with Japan (1902-23), vii, viii, ICI (Imperial Chemical Industries), 179 3{}-3 Ikeda Hayato, 125, 140, 167 attitude of New Zealand towards India, 8, 36, 40, 100 (I 945"'{;3), 125-41 Indo-China, French, 88, 96, 145 economic relations with Japan Indonesia, 119 (1952-89), 163-81 Inoue J unnosuke, 22 outbreak of ( 1941) and, 78, International Military Tribunal for the Far 126 East, 78, 129 policy towards China (1927-9), 18-27; Irie Sukemasa, 51 (1935-4 I), 35, 39-40, 44; (1945-50), Iriye Akira, 47-58, 77-91 144...{;, 148 Ishihara Takashi, 176 policy towards Japan (1935-41), 35, Ishikawa Shingti, 38, 42 39-45; (I 95{}-1 ), 149-53 Ishiwara Kanji, 48 policy towards Korea (195{}-3), 147, Italy, 39, 55, 84 153-9 Sino-Japanese negotiations (1895) and, Japan 4,9 aims in South-East Asia (I 94{}-5), 41-5, Tanaka's policy towards (1927), 19, 54, 78-90 23-5 alliance with Britain and aftennath, vii, views of Churchill towards Roosevelt viii, 24, 30, 32 (1941-5),93 American views on Shtiwa Emperor war in Bunna (1941-5) and, 77-90 (1943--5), 97-8 Greater East Asia conference (1943), 84 culture and expansion (c. 1930-45), Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere 47-57 (194{}-5), 82, 84...{;,97 economic relations with Britain Gromyko, Andrei, 153 (c. 1952-89), 163-81 Manchurian crisis (1931-3) and, 34-5, Hainan island, 37 38,48-9 Hamaguchi Osachi, 51 nature of labour force in (194{}-55), 63, Hankow incident (1927), 16, 17 163-5 Harriman, Averell W., 114 negotiation of commercial treaty with Hart. Sir Robert, 8, II, 12, 14 n8 China (1896), 1-15 188 Index

negotiation of peace treaty (1950-1), MacArthur, Douglas, 95, 110, 113-17, 122 131-4, 148-53 n17, 123 n37, n39, 129, 145-56 New Zealand's policy towards MacMurray, John V.A., 21 (1945~3), 125-41 Maki Kenichi, 65 plans for expansion south (1936--42), , 51 35-9,43 Malaya, 44-5, 145 policies towards China (1927-9), 16-29 Manchester, 73 nl role of women in economy (1937-45), , 34 49-76 , 22, 24,26,34,48,113 talks with Britain (1935), 35 Mao Tse-tung, 95, 99, 103, 107, 144, 145, Truman's policy towards (1945-52), 158 110-24 Marco Polo Bridge incident (1937), 35, 39, war in China (1937-45) and, 39-45 53 Japan Society for the Promotion of Margaret, Princess, 172 International Culture, 55 Marshall, George C, 99, 100, 101-3, 112, Jardine, Matheson & Co., 170 143,155 Jiji Shimpo, 30 Marshall, Graham, 177 Johnson, Louis, 116 Marshall, John, 140 Jordan, Sir John, 6, 8, 15 n23 Matsudaira Tsuneo, 17 Matsui Keishiro, 20 Kades, Charles, 115, 121 nl, 122 n26 McCarthy, Joseph, 95 Kadona Jukuro, 35 McIntosh, Alister, 131, 132 Kashiwaga Yusuke, 169 Milne, Sir George, 20 Kata Hiroharu, 32, 34 Mizuno Hironori, 34 Kaw Kanji, 32 Mongolia, 22, 24,26 Karo TomosaburO, 34 Montagu, Michael, 171 Kellogg, Frank B., 19,21,25,26 Morgenthau, Henry, 99 Kellogg-Briand pact (1927), 23 Mori Kaku, 23 Kennan, George F., 117 Morrison, Herbert, 149, 151-3 Kim II Sung, 154, 155, 158 Mussolini, Benito, 92 Kimura Hyataro, 77-8 Mutaguchi Renya, 78 Kishi Nobusuke, 138 , II Kohima, battle of, 78 Kokusai Bunka Shinkokai, 55 Komura Jutaro, 3 Nagano Osami, 43 Konoe Fumimaro, 33, 40, 42 Nakahara Yoshimasa, 36, 37, 38 Korea, 113, 117, 143, 148, 153 Nanking incident (1927), 18 Krock,)Uthur, 120 Nash, Walter, 133, 138, 139 Kuhara Fusanosuke, 21 National general mobilization law (1938), Kung, H.H., 99, 105 60 Kuomintang, 16-19,24,41,99, 102, Nelson, Donald, 105 105-7,143,146,151 Netherlands, 44, 88, 96 Kurile Islands, 87, 113 New Order in East Asia (1938-40), 82, , 22, 89 84-6,97 New Zealand, 119, 125-42 Lamont, Thomas, 22 New Zealand Herald, 125 Lattimore, Owen, 99 New Zealand Manufacturers Federation, League of Nations, 27, 38, 51 135 Leahy, William D, 99, 101, 103 New Zealand-Japan trade agreement Leith-Ross, Sir Frederick, 35 (1958), 140 Li Hung-chang, 2, 4, 9, 10-11 Niebuhr, Reinhold, 55 Liaotung Peninsula, I Nimitz, Chester W., 113 Luce, Henry, 95 Nissan Company, 176-7 Index 189

Obata Yukichi, 23 American attitudes towards, 96--8 O'Conor, Sir Nicholas, 6 attendance at imperial conferences Oikawa Koshiro, 43 (1941),43 Okoshi Narinori, 3 attitude towards Kwantung army, 51 Okuma Shigenobu, 12, 13, 81 concept of Showa restoration, 33 Oshi Kai, 33 economic progress in reign of, 59-77, 163-81 Pacific Association, 84 retention of under occupation, 98 Pacific War (1941-5), vii, 57, 59, 61, 78, views of army towards, 98 97, 114, 120, 126, 149, 152 Simon, Sir John, 31 Palestine, 93 Sino-Japanese treaty of commerce Pan-Asianism, 50-4 (l895--{i), 1-15 Pauley, Edwin, 116 Sino-Japanese war (1894-5), vii; Pearl Harbor (1941), 47, 52, 55, 92, 99, 126 (1937-45),39-59 Peking tariff conference (1925), 16 Snow, Edgar, 53 Philippines, 119 Somervell, Brehon D., 101 Pliatsky, Sir Leo, 174 Sony Company, 173 Poland,41 Soong, T.V., 99 Port Arthur, I Soviet Union, Potsdam conference (1945), 113 attack on Japan (1945), 56, 111 Powles, Sir Guy, 130 Japanese fears of in China, 16,22,27, Prince a/Wales, HMS, 126 33 Japanese preparations for conflict with, Repulse, HMS, 126 38, 39 Rhee, Syngman, 158 Korean war and, 154, 156--7 Rolls Royce Company, 170, 175 occupation of Japan and, 113-15 Roosevelt, Eleanor, 101 peace treaty (1951) and, 119-20, 152 Roosevelt, Franklin D., 44, 51, 92-109 relationship with Communist China, 144 Rusk, Dean, 117, 119, 120 Roosevelt's policy towards, 103, 106, Russia, Tsarist (see also Soviet Union), 4, 107 38 Spender, Sir Percy, 132 Russo-Japanese war (1904-5), vii, 34 Spratly Islands, 38 Stalin, Josef, 21, 98, 101, 106--7, 114 Saionji Kimmochi, 7, 10, 11-12 Stilwell, Joseph W., 99-101,103-4, 106 Sakhalin, 87 Stimson, Henry L., 27, 34-5, 112 Sakurai Shozo, 77 Stimson doctrine (1932), 34-5 San Francisco, treaty of (1951), 110, Stockwell, Sir Hugh, 77, 78 118-20,133,143,152-3,164-6 Storry, Richard, 31, 89 Sansom, Sir George, 148 Suetsugu Nobumasa, 33, 34 Sato Naotake, 35 Sato Tetsutaro, 35 Taft, Robert A., 145, 159 n8 Satow, Sir Ernest, 6 Taiheiyo KyO/wi, 84 Seiyukai party, 23 Taiwan, 37, 96,145, 153-5 Service, John S., 99, 103, 105, 107 Takegoshi Yosaburo, 36 Shanghai, 2,3, 12, 19, 146 , 16, 19-28,33 Shanghai Chamber of Commerce, 9 Tatekawa Yoshitsugu, 23 Shanghai incident (1932), 34 Tehran Conference (1943), 101-2 Shawcross, Sir Hartley, 150 Thailand. 43 Shibusawa Eiichi, 9 Thatcher, Margaret, 176, 177 Shidehara Kijiiro, 16--18, 24, 33 Thome, Ben, 172, 174 Shigemitsu Mamoru, 38, 81, 87 Thorneycroft, Lord, 173 Shimizu Ikutaro, 54 Tientsin crisis (1939-40), 40 Shimonoseki, treaty of (1895), I, 2, 6--10 Tientsin, Treaty of (1858), 1 Showa Emperor, Tilley, Sir John, 18,20 190 Index

Tojo Hideki. 81. 86 reactions to Chinese action in Korea. Toshiba Company. 174 146.155-9 royo Keizai Zasshi. 30 recognition of Soviet Union by. 27.34 Treaty ports (China). 1-3 relations with Japan in 1930s. 33-4 Triple intervention (1895). 4 Roosevelt's policy towards East Asia Truman. Harry S. 110--24. 144. 152. 155. (1941-5).92-107 157 Truman and MacArthur (1945-51). 110. Tsurumi Yusuke. 84 113-17 Twenty-One Demands (1915). 13-14 Truman's policy towards Japan. 110--21

Uchida Yasuya. 23. 24. 26 Wakatsuki Reijiro. 19 Ugaki Kazushige. 17.33.39 Wakefield. Sir Peter. 174 Unilever Company. 179 Wallace. Henry. 103. 104 United Nations. 146. 147. 153. 154. 155 Washington conference (1921-2). 16.25. United States of America 27.34 disputes with Britain over Korean war. Wedemeyer. Albert C .• 105. 106 153.155-8 Weihaiwei. 13 economic sanctions towards Japan Weinstock. Lord. 177 (1941).43-4 Wilford. Sir Michael. 174 end of Korean war and. 158-9 Women. in Japan (1937-45).59-76 Manchurian crisis (1931-3) and. 27. 51 outbreak of Korean war and. 143. 153-4 Yalta agreements (1945). 89. 113. 114 Pearl Harbor and start of Pacific war Yalta Conference (1945). 106. 107 (1941).45.47.52.55.92 Yamagata Aritomo. 38. 81 policy over Japanese peace treaty. 143. Yamamoto Gombei. 35 148-53 Yangtze river. 2. 16. 39 policy regarding China (1942-5). 93-107 Yangtze valley. 2 policy towards attaining defeat of Japan. Yenan.I04 57.94-8 Yonai Mitsumasa. 41 policy towards China (1927-8). 16-27 Yoshida Shigeru. 23. 119. 153. 166 policy towards Communist China Yoshizawa Kenkichi. 23 (1949-50). 143-8. 152-3 Young. Lord (of Graffham). 180 policy towards Kuomintang (1945-9). Younger. Kenneth. 151. 154 143-4. 146. 152-3 policy towards Sino-Japanese war Zionism. 93 (1937-45).38