TRANSACTIONS OF THE WOOLHOPE NATURALISTS' FIELD CLUB HEREFORDSHIRE "HOPE ON" "HOPE EVER" ESTABLISHED 1851 VOLUME 52 2004 Woolhope Naturalists’ Field Club 2004 ©2006 All contributions to The Woolhope Transactions are COPYRIGHT. None of them may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the writers. Applications to reproduce contributions, in whole or in part, should be addressed, in the first instance, to the current editor: Mrs. R. A. Lowe, Charlton, Goodrich, Ross-on-Wye, Herefordshire, HR9 6JF. The Woolhope Naturalists’ Field Club is not responsible for any statement made, or opinion expressed, in these Transactions; the authors alone are responsible for their own papers and reports. Registered Charity No. 521000 website: www.woolhopeclub.org.uk TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Proceedings, 2004 ........................................................................................................................1 Editorial .......................................................................................................................................9 Biographical Details of Contributors ......................................................................................... 10 The Origins and Evolution of the Medieval Ground Plan of Leominster Borough, by Joe Hillaby ...................................................................................................................................... 11 A Tenurial History of Lugg Meadow, by Anthea Brian ............................................................ 57 The Ladmore Family, by John C. Eisel ..................................................................................... 97 Reports of Sectional Recorders Archaeology, 2004 ................................................................................................................... 104 City of Hereford Conservation Area Advisory Committee, 2003–2004, by Jean O’Donnell .. 122 Buildings, 2004, by J. W. Tonkin ............................................................................................ 124 Geology, 2004, by Moira Jenkins ............................................................................................ 127 Natural History Section, 2004, by Beryl Harding .................................................................... 131 Ornithology, 2004, by Beryl Harding ...................................................................................... 137 Weather Statistics, 2003, by Eric Ward ................................................................................... 142 Weather Statistics, 2004, by Eric Ward ................................................................................... 143 Index, 2004 .............................................................................................................................. 144 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS AND TABLES Page The Evolution of the Medieval Ground Plan of Leominster Borough Fig. 1 Aerial photograph of Leominster showing the N-S and E-W routes 13 2 Leominster: The crossing point of the ancient north-south and east- 14 west routes, the site of pre- and post-Conquest markets 3 1887 OS map of Leominster (west), showing the 16 burgage series 16 4 1887 OS map of Leominster (east), showing the 16 burgage series 17 5 Aerial photograph of Broad Street from Five Crosses 21 6 Aerial photograph looking east of Corncepyng and altus vicus market 24 7 Comparison of Galliers & OS maps showing insertion of Victoria 26 Street 8 Map of Reading showing market-place and monastic precinct 28 9 First edition OS map showing change of direction in Burgess Street 36 at the end of the burgage plots in burgage series 7 10 Galliers’ Plan of 1832 - north 38 11 Galliers’ Plan of 1832 - south 39 Table 1 Rival Markets and Fairs, 1225–1378 15 2 Burgages mentioned in Lady Chapel Cartulary 45 3 Muster Rolls, 1539. Households 51 The Tenurial History of Lugg Meadow Fig. 1 Map showing the former extent of Lugg Meadow 59 2 Map showing parish divisions in Lugg Meadow 60 3 Map of Lower Lugg Meadow showing the unfenced divisions and 63 church ownerships 4 Map of Upper Lugg Meadow showing the unfenced divisions and 65 church ownerships 5 Map showing the ownership of strips beside the parish boundary 71 between Lugwardine and Tupsley 6 Map showing divisions and sub-divisions of the strips and parcels in 88 Lugg Meadow in the parish of Holmer Page The Ladmore Family Fig. 1 A pepperpot revolver manufactured by Edwin Ladmore, of the type 99 which was exported to Australia 2 Edwin Ladmore in 1858, at the age of 41 101 Archaeology, 2004 Fig. 1 Carved head found at Bredwardine 114 Geology, 2004 Fig 1 A computer generated 3-D image of a Silurian fossil ostracode, with 128 a modern day ostracode LIST OF OFFICERS 2004/2005 President: Dr. P. A. OLVER Vice-presidents: Mr. J. G. HILLABY, Dr. J. C. EISEL, Mr. B. S. SMITH, Mrs. R. E. SKELTON Central committee: Mr. J. G. CALDERBANK, Mrs. R. A. LOWE, Dr. D. FOXTON, Mr. D. A. WHITEHEAD (to retire 2005); Mr. C. E. ATTFIELD, Miss J. R. JONSON, Mr. G. REES, Mrs. R. E. RICHARDSON (to retire 2006); Dr. Mrs. A. D. BRIAN, Mr. G. CHARNOCK, Mrs. J. E. O`DONNELL, Mrs. M. JENKINS ( to retire 2007 ). Hon. Secretary - - - Mr. J. W. TONKIN Hon. Assistant Secretary/Treasurer Mrs. M. TONKIN Hon. Treasurer - - - Mr. S. C. COOPER Hon. Auditor - - - Mr. D. HAIGH Hon. Librarians - - - Miss J. R. JONSON, Mr. G. REES Hon. Field Secretary - Mrs. B. H. HARDING Hon. Editor Mr. J. W. TONKIN SECTIONAL RECORDERS Archaeology - - - Mr. R. SHOESMITH Botany - - - - Mr. P. THOMSON Buildings - - - Mr. J. W. TONKIN Entomology - - - Dr. Mrs. A. D. BRIAN Geology - - - Mr. P. THOMSON Herefordshire Field-Names - Mr. G. SPRACKLING Industrial Archaeology - - Dr. J. van LAUN Medieval Settlements - - Mrs. R. E. SKELTON Mammals & Ornithology - - Mrs. B. H. HARDING Address of Address of Address of Hon. Secretary: Hon. Asst. Secretary: Hon. Editor 2004/5: Mr. J. W. TONKIN Mrs. M. TONKIN Mr. J. W. TONKIN Chy an Whyloryon Chy an Whyloryon Chy an Whyloryon Wigmore Wigmore Wigmore Leominster Leominster Leominster HR6 9UD HR6 9UD HR6 9UD Articles intended for inclusion in future issues of the Woolhope Club Transactions should be submitted to the current editor: Mrs. R. A. LOWE, CHARLTON, GOODRICH, ROSS-ON-WYE, Herefordshire, HR9 6JF. Please request a copy of Notes for Contributors to the Transactions or see the website. Proceedings, 2004 SPRING MEETINGS ADJOURNED WINTER ANNUAL MEETING: 10 January: Mr. J. G.Hillaby, president, in the chair. Officers and committee were appointed for 2005. The accounts for the year ending 31 December 2002 were presented and adopted, and were printed in the 2003 Transactions. Mr. J. G. Hillaby, B.A., gave an illustrated talk on ‘Halesowen Abbey.’ He explained that the abbey was founded in 1215 under the patronage of King John who gave the manor of Hales to the bishop of Winchester. It takes its name from David ap Owain. It was of the Premonstratensian Order which followed the teaching of St. Bernard. They were White Canons and by 1267 had founded thirty- seven abbeys and three nunneries in England. At the Dissolution there were forty-eight and Halesowen was valued at £280, the third wealthiest. Henry VIII sold it to Sir John Dudley and in 1745 it was plundered by William Shenstone to build his ‘Priory.’ The fragmentary ruins are surrounded by the farm buildings of Manor Farm. The abbey site today consists of some walling of the north wall of the chancel, the wall of the south transept and a doorway leading into the former dormitory. Three lancet windows and rib-vaulting are to be seen as well as parts of the south wall of the aisle, the chapter house and Premonstratensian refectory which has the only remaining pulpit in the country. Another building dates to the 13th century and is said to have been the abbot`s house or infirmary. Today there are 19th- century barns around the cloister and it has been suggested these could be developed into an educational centre for the west midlands conurbation. As the site is dangerous it is not open to the public. Medieval tiles from the site belonging to the Chertsey School are of high quality and design and are some of the finest in the country. In 1974 Mick Aston and James Bond surveyed the area and found a number of fish-ponds and a wet moat around the abbey. Court Rolls from 1270–1400 survive and are held at the Birmingham City Library. The site is scheduled and at present the proposed development is at a standstill. SECOND WINTER MEETING: 7 February: Mr. J. G. Hillaby, president, in the chair. Dr. John Powell gave a talk on ‘Herefordshire Poor Law: Parish Apprentices 1750–1850.’ He explained that the old Poor Law system existed from the end of the reign of Elizabeth I to the passing of the Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834. Under the Old Poor Law parish apprentices were apprenticed at the age of eight or nine. There was no central control so provision varied from parish to parish, and any person could be sent back to their parish of birth. Boys were usually apprenticed to husbandry and girls to housewifery. The apprenticeship could extend to the age of twenty-four. The master had to provide board and lodging and the parish paid an indenture payment to the master. In the 1770s the age of twenty-four was reduced to twenty-one. Usually the apprenticeships were in their own or in a nearby parish but some were sent to cotton factories. Problems often arose when an apprentice