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Chalfont St Peter Chalfont St Peter Buckinghamshire Historic Towns Assessment The town centre, Chalfont St Peter, 1931 - Britain from Above © English Heritage The Buckinghamshire Historic Towns Project was carried out between 2008 and 2012 by Buckinghamshire County Council with the sponsorship of English Heritage and the support of Milton Keynes Council and Buckinghamshire District Councils © Buckinghamshire County Council and English Heritage 2011 Report produced by David Green and Ruth Beckley All the mapping contained in this report is based upon the Ordnance Survey mapping with the permission of the Controller of Her Majesty's Stationary Office © Crown copyright. All rights reserved 100021529 (2011) All historic mapping contained in this report © Intermap Technologies Ltd unless otherwise stated All Historic Photographs are reproduced courtesy of the Centre for Buckinghamshire Studies unless otherwise stated. Copies of this report and further information can be obtained from: Buckinghamshire County Council Planning Advisory and Compliance Service, Place Service, Buckinghamshire County Council County Hall Aylesbury Bucks HP20 1UY Tel: 01296 382656 Email: [email protected] Contents Summary .................................................................................................................................................. 5 I DESCRIPTION ................................................................................................................................... 8 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 8 1.1 Project Background and Purpose ............................................................................................ 8 1.2 Aims ......................................................................................................................................... 8 2 Setting ............................................................................................................................................. 14 2.1 Location, Topography & Geology .......................................................................................... 14 2.2 Wider Landscape ................................................................................................................... 14 3 Evidence .......................................................................................................................................... 15 3.1 Historic Maps .......................................................................................................................... 15 3.2 Documentary Evidence .......................................................................................................... 15 3.3 Built Heritage .......................................................................................................................... 15 3.4 Archaeological Evidence ........................................................................................................ 16 3.5 Environmental Evidence ........................................................................................................ 17 4 Archaeological & Historical Development ................................................................................... 20 4.1 Prehistoric and Roman evidence period (c.10,000 BC – AD 43) ........................................... 20 4.2 Saxon and Medieval synthesis ( AD 410 -1536) .................................................................... 22 4.3 Post medieval synthesis and components (1536-1800) ........................................................ 28 4.4 Modern synthesis (1800-Present) ......................................................................................... 32 II ASSESSMENT ............................................................................................................................. 42 5 Designations ................................................................................................................................... 42 5.1 Conservation Areas (CA) ....................................................................................................... 43 5.2 Register Parks and Gardens .................................................................................................. 43 5.3 Scheduled Monuments .......................................................................................................... 43 5.4 Archaeological Notification Areas .......................................................................................... 43 5.5 Listed Buildings ...................................................................................................................... 43 6 Historic Urban Zones ..................................................................................................................... 44 6.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 44 6.2 Historic Urban Zones ............................................................................................................. 44 6.3 Archaeological Assessment ................................................................................................... 44 6.4 Heritage Values ...................................................................................................................... 47 6.5 Historic Settlement ................................................................................................................. 49 Modern Settlement ............................................................................................................................... 52 III RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................................................................................ 56 7 Management Recommendations .................................................................................................. 56 7.1 Conservation Area Appraisals ................................................................................................ 56 7.2 Listed Buildings ...................................................................................................................... 56 7.3 Registered Parks and Gardens .............................................................................................. 56 7.4 Archaeological Notification Areas .......................................................................................... 56 7.5 Scheduled Monuments .......................................................................................................... 56 8 Research Agenda ........................................................................................................................... 56 8.1 Roman .................................................................................................................................... 56 8.2 Saxon ..................................................................................................................................... 56 8.3 Medieval ................................................................................................................................. 56 8.4 Post Medieval ......................................................................................................................... 57 8.5 Modern ................................................................................................................................... 57 9 Bibliography ................................................................................................................................... 58 10 Addresses ................................................................................................................................... 59 1 Appendix: Chronology & Glossary of Terms .............................................................................. 60 1.1 Chronology (taken from Unlocking Buckinghamshire’s Past Website) .................................. 60 1.2 Glossary of Terms .................................................................................................................. 60 2 Appendix: HER Records ................................................................................................................ 61 2.1 Monuments HER Report ........................................................................................................ 61 2.2 Landscapes HER Reports ...................................................................................................... 64 2.3 Find Spots .............................................................................................................................. 65 2.4 Listed Buildings ...................................................................................................................... 69 3 Appendix: Trade Listings and Population Data .......................................................................... 71 4 Appendix: Historical Consultancy Report ................................................................................... 73 Chalfont St Peter Historic Town Assessment Report List of Illustrations Figure 1: Urban Character Zones, Chalfont St Peter ................................................................................ 6 Figure 2: Chalfont St Peter in location ....................................................................................................... 9 Figure 3: Geology of town (BGS) ...........................................................................................................
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