6 X 10.5 Long Title.P65

Home , Following the Equator

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-67075-3 - The Cambridge Introduction to Mark Twain Peter Messent Index More information

Index

Adams, Henry 14 Carson City 5, 23 Ament, Joseph 2 Cather, Willa 111 American, The 43, 44 Chang and Eng 27–8 American Nervousness 50–1 Cincinnati 4 American Publishing Company 6, 47 Civil War 2, 4, 5, 12, 14, 15, 16, 24, Anderson, Sherwood 111 66–7 ‘Angel Fish’ 9–10 see also Twain, Mark: works – Angel’s Camp, California 25 Innocents Abroad, The; Life on Arac, Jonathan 109–10, 111–12 the Mississippi; ‘Private History see also Twain, Mark – critical of a Campaign That Failed, reception of works: Adventures The’; Roughing It of Huckleberry Finn ‘Civilisation in the United States’ 88 Arnold, Matthew 88–9 Clemens, Clara 6, 7, 10 see also Twain, Mark – works: Clemens, Henry 3, 4, 60, 64 Connecticut Yankee, debate with Clemens, Jane Lampton 1 Matthew Arnold Clemens, Jean 6, 7, 10 Ashcroft, Ralph 10 Clemens, John Marshall 1, 3, 20–1 Atlantic Monthly 7, 59 Clemens, Langdon 6 Clemens, Mollie 1 Barnum, P.T. 27 Clemens, Olivia Langdon 6, 8, 38, 40, Beard, George 50–1 66 Bercovitch, Sacvan 110 Clemens, Orion 1–2, 3, 4 Bermuda 41, 50 Clemens, Pamela 3 Bixby, Horace 4, 60 Clemens, Samuel Langhorne Bliss, Elisha 5 see Twain, Mark Bombay 21 Clemens, Susy 6, 8, 88 Boston Carpet-Bag 2 Colt Arms factory 89 Bridgman, Richard 47 Colt, Samuel 11, 34 Buffalo Express 6 Columbus, Christopher 30 Conway, Moncure Daniel 38 Cable, George Washington 111 Crane, Susan 6 Calaveras County 5 see also Twain, Mark: works – Dangerous Intimacy 9–10 ‘Jumping Frog of Calaveras Darwinism 37 County, The’ Dempsey, Terrell 3

132

Index 133

Dickens, Charles 39 Lyon, Isabel 10 Dickinson, Emily 100 Lystra, Karen 9 Dreiser, Theodore 111 DuBois, W.E.B. 77, 111 Malory, Thomas 95 Dunbar, Paul 111 Marion Rangers 4 Mark Twain: God’s Fool 9 Emerson, Ralph Waldo 25, 40 McGuinn, Warner T. 113 Mencken, H.L. 109 Farewell to Arms, A 110 Mississippi River 3–4 Faulkner, William 61 see also Civil War; and Mark Twain – Fishkin, Shelley Fisher 2, 82, 84 works: Adventures of Fitzgerald, F. Scott 111 Huckleberry Finn; Adventures of Florida, Mo. 1 Tom Sawyer, The; Life on the Fort Pillow massacre 61 Mississippi; Pudd’nhead Wilson Missouri Courier 2 Genoa 30 Mitchell, Lee Clark 65 Great Gatsby, The 109 Moby Dick 109 Green Hills of Africa 73 Molly Maguires 67 Morrison, Toni 11–12, 110 Hannibal 1–3, 64–5, 66 Morte D’Arthur 95 Hannibal Journal 2 Murrell, John A. 61, 71 Harris, George W. 74 Harris, Joel Chandler 111 Narrative of the Life of Frederick Hartford, Conn. 5, 6–8, 34, 40, 89 Douglass, The 114 Hawaii 5, 40 Nevada 4–5 Heath Anthology of American Literature New Orleans 4 (5th edition) 110 NewYork3,4,5,8 Hemingway, Ernest 73, 110 New York Herald 119 Hill, Hamlin 9 ‘Hills Like White Elephants’ 110 Paige Typesetter 7 Howells, William Dean 7, 10, 40, 51, Paine, Albert Bigelow 38 59, 66, 77–8, 79, 98, 111 Paris 29 Philadelphia 3 Jackson, Andrew 71 Philippine-American War 8, 13 James, Henry 43, 44 Porter, Katherine Anne 62 Powers, Ron 2, 21 Kemble, E.W. 99 Keokuk 3 Quaker City 5, 6, 39, 40, 47 Quarry Farm, Elmira 6 Langdon, Charles 6 Langdon, Jervis 6 race Lewis, Sinclair 111 see Mark Twain: race Lincoln, Abraham 85 Reconstruction (and after) 85 London 22, 38–9 Rogers, Henry H. 8 Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth 40 Rome 30

134 Index

St Louis 3, 4 Mencken, H.L., and 109, 111; San Francisco 4, 5, 19 Morrison, Toni, and ‘classic San Francisco Alta California 5, 25 literature’ 11, 110; race, and Scarlet Letter, The 109 112–14; thematic oppositions Scott, Walter in 112, 114; ‘thick’ literary see Twain, Mark – works: Life on the context of 111; Trilling, Lionel, Misssissippi the ‘liberal imagination’, and Sears, John F. 53 111–12; see also works: ‘Sicily Burns’s Wedding’ 74 Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Smith, David L. 83 class identity, and 115 Spanish-American War 119 masculinity, and 115 ‘Stormﬁeld’ 10 professional writer, as 115 Stowe, Harriet Beecher 111 progressive view of history, and Sut Lovingood 74 114–15 sexual politics, and 115 Tennyson, Alfred 91 transnationalism, and 115–19: see Trilling, Lionel 111–12 also transnationalism (below) see also Twain, Mark – critical see also Connecticut Yankee reception of works: Adventures (reception of); Following the of Huckleberry Finn Equator (reception of); Twain, Mark Pudd’nhead Wilson (reception African Americans, and 2–3 of) see also Twain, Mark: race death 10, 41 American Indian, and 29, 42 early years 1–3, 64–5 see also Twain, Mark: race evolutionary theory, and 36–8 anti-Imperialism 8–9, 13, 17, 97, expatriation 7–8, 39–40 115–19 family tragedies 4, 6, 8, 10, 60, see also works: Following the 88 Equator ﬁnancial problems 7–8 birth 11 honorary degree (Oxford) 40 Chinese-Americans, and 19 humour 11–12, 13, 15, 16, 17, Civil War, and 18–19, 22–38, 39, 84, 97–8, see Civil War; Marion Rangers; 107, 108 and ‘Private History of a Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Campaign That Failed, The’ and 32–4 critical reception of works 109–19 Adventures of Tom Sawyer, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, and 31–2 reception of 12–13, 109–14: aphorisms, use of 22–3 Arac, Jonathan, and black humour 36–8 ‘hypercanonization’ of 109–10, burlesque 24, 36 111–12; construction of the Connecticut Yankee in King subject, and 112; cultural Arthur’s Court, A, and 34–6 pluralism, and 110, 112, 114; digression, use of 24, 25, 27 exceptionalist discourse, and ‘Double-Barreled Detective Story, 114; global reception, and 114; A’, and 36

Index 135

hoax, use of 23–4, 27, 54–5 Equator; Innocents Abroad, The; Innocents Abroad, The, and 29–31: Life on the Mississippi; Roughing ethnocentric humour in 29–31 It; Tramp Abroad, A incongruity, and 28–9 travel books 12, 14, 20, 27, 38–65, 66 ‘Jumping Frog’ story, analysis of illustrations 47 25–7 narrative method 47: see also ‘Man That Corrupted works: Following the Equator, Hadleyburg, The,’ and 36 Innocents Abroad, The, Life on ‘Personal Habits of the Siamese the Mississippi, Roughing It, Twins,’ analysis of 27–9 Tramp Abroad, A phonetic humour 22, 74 Whittier birthday speech 40 ‘Was the World Made for Man?’, works and 36–8 Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 2, lecturing 5, 6, 7, 8, 38, 40–1 7, 11, 12–13, 14, 16, 20, 32–4, letters 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 12, 38, 51, 71, 39, 51, 59, 73–87, 97, 98, 106, 98, 113 109–14, 115, 118: comic effects, Mark Twain persona 17–21 and 32–4; critical reception different shapes and identities 109–14; (see also Twain, Mark: 17–20, 21, 29 critical reception of works); see also pseudonym defamiliarisation technique, in piloting 75–6; ending of 12–13, 81; see Civil War; Mississippi River ‘evasion’ sequence in 80, 83–6; and works: Life on the Jim, representation of 76, 81–4, Mississippi 85–7; power dynamics in 80–1; pseudonym 1, 17 race in 12–13, 76–7, 81–7: see see also Mark Twain persona also Jim, representation of; raft race sequences in 85–7; realism, and slavery 2–3, 21 74–5, 77–80; religion in 32–4, see also Twain, Mark: African 75–6; use of vernacular in 73–4, Americans, and; American 87; see also realism Indian, and; Chinese- Adventures of Tom Sawyer, The 2, Americans, and; critical 7, 12, 13, 14, 16, 31–2, 39, 59, reception of works, and works: 64, 65–72, 73, 75, 76, 77, 98, 99: Adventures of Huckleberry Finn; boundaries and fences in 66, Adventures of Tom Sawyer, The; 68, 69–71; comic effects in Following the Equator; Innocents 31–2; Indian Joe, and 13, Abroad, The; Life on the 69–71, 72, 77; modernisation Mississippi; Pudd’nhead Wilson and anti-modernism, and realism 15–17, 97–8, 100 66–8; play and pleasure in transnationalism 25, 38–9, 41, 87–9, 68–9, 71–2; punishment and 110–11, 115–19 discipline in 66–8; race, and 13, deﬁnition 115–16: see also critical 72, 76; style 73; tensions and reception of works and works: paradoxes in 66, 71–2; Tom’s Connecticut Yankee in King limitations as a protagonist Arthur’s Court, A; Following the 71–2

136 Index

Twain, Mark (cont.) 117–18; transnationalism and American Claimant, The 7, 15, 116–18 96–7 Gilded Age, The 6–7, 14–15, 84 Autobiography 9, 17, 21 ‘How I Edited an Agricultural ‘Bloody Massacre Near Carson, A’ Paper’ 18–19 23–4 Innocents Abroad, The 5–6, 12, 19, ‘Celebrated Jumping Frog of 20–1, 29–31, 39, 41–6, 47, 55, Calaveras County’ 23 88, 118: comic techniques in Celebrated Jumping Frog of 29–31; conventional pieties, Calaveras County, and Other and 45–6; European art, and 43; Sketches 5 Henry James’s The American, ‘Concerning the Jews’ 36 and 43; Milan bath-house Connecticut Yankee in King episode 43–4; Milan Cathedral Arthur’s Court, A 7, 8, 11, 13, scene 20–1, 46; post-Civil War 16, 34–6, 39, 88, 89–98, 104, context, and 42; race, and 29, 114: anti-imperialism, and 34, 41, 42; textual contradictions in 97; debate with Matthew 42–6; transnationalism, and Arnold, and 88–91, 95, 96–7; 41–6; travellers vs tourists, and Hank Morgan and modernity 42–3, 45–6, 47, 49; xenophobia, in 34–6, 89, 90–1, 93–4, 95, 97; and 43–4 Hank Morgan and Morgan le ‘Jumping Frog of Calaveras Fay 92–3; Hank Morgan and County, The’ 5, 24–7: Civil technology 35–6, 93–4; Hank War, and 24–5; comic effects in Morgan: democracy vs. 25–7; hoax, and 27; autocracy 90–3; Hank Morgan representation of animals in 26; vs Merlin in 95; historical vernacular, use of 25, 26 vision in 93–4, 95; human King Leopold’s Soliloquy 9 agency, and 92, 94, 104; Letters from the Earth 36 reception of 13, 114; Life on the Mississippi 3–4, 7, 14, relativistic perspective in 96; 20, 59–65: ambiguity and slavery, and 36, 94; structuring tension in 59, 62–4; Civil War, oppositions in 91–7 and 14, 59, 60–3; modernity, ‘Dandy Frightening the Squatter, and 62–3; ‘Old Times on the The’ 2 Mississippi’, and 59–60; ‘Day at Niagara, A’ 24 nostalgia in 62–4; race, and 61; ‘Disgraceful Persecution of a Boy’ return to Hannibal, and 64–5; 19 Scott, Walter, and 61–2; use of ‘Double-Barreled Detective Story, ‘Mark Twain’ persona, and 60 A’ 36 ‘Man That Corrupted ‘Eve’s Diary’ 39 Hadleyburg, The’ 36 ‘Extracts from Adam’s Diary’ 39 Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg Following the Equator 8, 21, 23, and Other Stories and Essays, 116–18: naming, and The 8 imperialist activity 116–17; Mark Twain’s Sketches: Old and race, representation of, in 21, New 18–19

Index 137

‘My Watch’ 19 bildungsroman, as 52, 53, 54–5; Mysterious Stranger manuscripts development as a writer, and 16 55; East-West connection in see also No. 44, The Mysterious 58–9; ‘grandfather’s old ram’ Stranger story, and 55–7; hoaxes in No. 44, The Mysterious Stranger 2, 54–5; Lake Tahoe, and 57–8; 8, 39, 114–15 linguistic relativism in 54; ‘Old Times on the Mississippi’ representation of the American 59–60, 65 West in 52–9; tension and ‘Our Fellow Savages of the paradox in 57–9; tourism, and Sandwich Isles’ 5 53; use of double perspective in ‘Personal Habits of the Siamese 53 Twins’ 27–9 ‘Sociable Jimmy’ 82 Personal Recollections of Joan of Stolen White Elephant, Etc., The Arc 88 50 Prince and the Pauper, The 7, 39, ‘To Raise Poultry’ 19 87–8 ‘To the Person Sitting in ‘Private History of a Campaign Darkness’ 118 That Failed, The’ 4 Tramp Abroad, A 7, 39, 46–52: Pudd’nhead Wilson 2, 7, 13, 14, ‘Awful German Language, The’ 16, 22, 97, 98–108: reception of 49; ‘Blue Jay Yarn’ 49; central 111, 115; Dawson’s Landing, joke of 48–9; European art, and representation of 98–9; half a 49–50; modernisation and dog joke 105–6; human anti-modernism 50–2; agency and identity in 99–101, representation of ‘Mark Twain’ 102–5; narrative tactics in 100, in 48, 49–50; transnationalism, 106, 107; nature vs nurture in and 50–2; travellers vs tourists, 103–4; ‘one-drop’ rule, and and 47–9 102–3; Plessy v Ferguson, ‘United States of Lyncherdom, and 106; Pudd’nhead The’ 113 Wilson, representation of Upon the Oddities and 101, 105–7; race, and 98–104, Eccentricities of the English 105–7; reception of 111, 115; 38 Roxy, representation of ‘War, Prayer, The’ 118 99–100, 101–3; Those ‘Was the World Made for Man?’ Extraordinary Twins, and 36–8 107–8; Tom, representation of What is Man? 103, 104 101–3; spatial boundaries in Twichell, Joseph 6, 17, 50, 76 101 ‘Pudd’nhead Wilson’s Calendar’ University of Virginia Twain 22, 100, 103 web-site 65–6 ‘Pudd’nhead Wilson’s New Calendar’ 23 Vienna 8, 40 Roughing It 4, 6, 12, 14, 20, 52–9, Virginia City Territorial Enterprise 60, 62, 63; ambiguous 5

138 Index

Vonnegut, Kurt 13 Washington 3, 15 Webster & Co. 7, 8 Ward, Artemus 22, 25, 27 White, E.B. 23 Warner, Charles Dudley 7, 14 Whittier, John Greenleaf 40 Was Huck Black? 82 ‘Word About America, A’ 88