Renewable and Low Carbon Study for the East Hampshire District
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Renewable and Low Carbon Study for the ast Hampshire District F inal Report Prepared by LU C in association with Ricardo nergy and nvironment November 0 1 8 Planning EIA LU C BRISTOL Offices also in: Land U se Consultants Ltd th Registered in England Design 12 Floor Colston Tower Edinburgh Registered number: 2549296 Landscape Planning Colston Street Bristol Glasgow Registered Office: Landscape Management BS1 4X E Lancaster 43 Chalton Street Ecology T + 44 (0)11 929 199 London London NW1 1J D GIS & Visualisation bristol@ landuse.co.uk Manchester FS 566056 EMS 56605 LU C uses 100% recycled paper Project Title: Renewable and Low Carbon Study for the East Hampshire District Client: East Hampshire District Council Version Date Version Details Prepared by Checked by Approved by 1.0 03/10/2018 Draft Report Josh Allen Sarah Young Sarah Young Sarah Young Maria Grant Raphael Sibille Ben Kiff John Harvey Amanda Swan Gregor Hogg 2 19/10/218 Final report Raphael Sibille Sarah Young Sarah Young Sarah Young Project Code: 10397 Renewable and Low Carbon Study for the East Hampshire 2 November 2018 District Contents 1 Introduction 11 Background to the study 11 Study approach 12 Report structure 13 2 Renewable and Local Carbon Policy Context 16 Introduction 16 East Hampshire District Council Adopted Development Plan 20 Neighbourhood Plans 21 Local Strategies and Guidance 22 3 Landscape Character and Policy Context 26 Introduction 26 Landscape Character of East Hampshire 26 National Planning Policy 28 East Hampshire District Council Adopted Development Plan 28 East Hampshire Neighbourhood Plans 29 South Downs Local Plan Pre-Submission 29 Landscape Assessments 30 Wind and Solar Sensitivity Assessment 31 4 Emissions Trends Review 34 Introduction 34 Emission Trends 34 Renewable energy installations in East Hampshire 37 5 Renewable and Low Carbon Energy Potential 42 Introduction 42 Solar Arrays 51 Hydro 56 Renewable and Low Carbon Heat 58 Energy from Waste 59 Biomass 62 Microgeneration technologies 65 6 Landscape Sensitivity Assessment 108 Introduction 108 Study area 108 Approach to Assessment 108 Findings 118 Landscape Sensitivity and Technical Potential 120 7 Enhanced Energy Performance Standards 136 Introduction 136 Setting domestic energy performance standards 136 Setting non-domestic energy performance standards 141 On-site energy technology considerations 142 Overheating risk 144 Renewable and Low Carbon Study for the East Hampshire 3 November 2018 District 8 Review of Planning Policy Approaches 148 Introduction 148 Building energy performance standards 148 Separation distances 149 Criteria based policies 151 Identification of ‘suitable areas for wind energy’ 152 Development of ‘Energy Opportunities Map’ 154 Allocating sites for standalone renewable and low carbon energy schemes 155 Encouraging community renewables 155 Preparation of Local Development Orders (LDO) 156 Appendix 1 158 Landscape Sensitivity Assessment for Wind and Solar 158 Figures Figure 1.1 Summary of Key project tasks and outcomes Figure 4.1 Change in East Hampshire total energy consumption between 2010 and 2016 Figure 4.2 Source of total emissions in East Hampshire 2015 Figure 4.3 Change in carbon emissions in East Hampshire by sector between 2005 and 2015 Figure 4.4 Per capita carbon emissions in East Hampshire between 2005 and 2015 Figure 4.5 UK electricity supplied by fuel type 1990-2016 Location of the consented solar sites within East Hampshire District (green area Figure 4.6 denotes South Downs National Park) Figure 5.1 Agricultural land classification in East Hampshire (DEFRA) Figure 5.2 Operational and consented energy recovery sites in Hampshire Strategic waste infrastructure from the Hampshire Minerals and Waste Plan – Figure 5.3 October 2013(Adopted) Renewable heat installations by technology type. National data from BEIS’s Figure 5.4 monthly RHI statistics Figure 5.5 Wind Speed Figure 5.6 Nature Designations Figure 5.6b Nature Designations Figure 5.7 Heritage designations Figure 5.7b Heritage Designations Figure 5.8 Physical Constraints (Small Scale) Figure 5.8b Physical Constraints (Small Scale) Figure 5.9 Physical Constraints (Very Large Scale) Figure 5.9b Physical Constraints (Very Large Scale) Figure 5.10 Slope (wind and solar) Figure 5.11 Opportunity for Wind Development Figure 5.11b Opportunity for Wind Development Figure 5.12 Opportunities and Constraints small scale Figure 5.12b Opportunities and Constraints small scale Figure 5.13 Opportunities and Constraints medium scale Figure 5.13b Opportunities and Constraints medium scale Figure 5.14 Opportunities and Constraints large scale Figure 5.14b Opportunities and Constraints large scale Figure 5.15 Opportunities and Constraints very large scale Renewable and Low Carbon Study for the East Hampshire 4 November 2018 District Figure 5.15b Opportunities and Constraints very large scale Figure 5.16 Aviation Constraints Figure 5.17 Additional Constraints for Solar Figure 5.17b Additional Constraints for Solar Figure 5.18 Opportunities and Constraints for Solar Development Figure 5.18b Opportunities and Constraints for Solar Development Figure 5.19 Opportunity for Solar Development Figure 5.19b Opportunity for Solar Development Figure 5.20 Opportunities for Hydropower Development Figure 5.20b Opportunities for Hydropower Development Figure 5.21 Sensitivity to Hydropower Development Figure 5.21b Sensitivity to Hydropower Development Figure 5.22 Win Win Hydro Sites Figure 5.22b Win Win Hydro Sites Figure 5.23 Off Grid Gas Network Figure 5.23b Off Grid Gas Network Figure 5.24 Biomass and Suppliers and Woodland Figure 5.24b Biomass and Suppliers and Woodland Figure 6.1 Landscape Character Areas in East Hampshire Figure 6.2 Sensitivity to Small Sale Turbines Figure 6.3 Sensitivity to Medium Sale Turbines Figure 6.4 Sensitivity to Large Sale Turbines Figure 6.5 Sensitivity to Very Large Sale Turbines Figure 6.6 Sensitivity to Small Sale Solar Figure 6.7 Sensitivity to Medium Sale Solar Figure 6.8 Sensitivity to Large Sale Solar Figure 6.9 Sensitivity to Very Large Sale Solar Figure 6.10 Sensitivity and Opportunity for Small Scale Turbines Figure 6.11 Sensitivity and Opportunity for Medium Scale Turbines Figure 6.12 Sensitivity and Opportunity for Small Scale Solar Figure 6.13 Sensitivity and Opportunity for Medium Scale Turbines Figure 6.14 Sensitivity and Opportunity for Large Scale Turbines Where necessary addition figures (b) have been provided to provide greater clarity on the areas within East Hampshire which have been assessed, excluding the South Downs National Park. Renewable and Low Carbon Study for the East Hampshire 5 November 2018 District Renewable and Low Carbon Study for the East Hampshire 6 November 2018 District 1. Executive Summary and Introduction Renewable and Low Carbon Study for the East Hampshire 7 November 2018 District Executive Summary i. This Renewable and Low Carbon Energy Study was undertaken to inform the emerging East Hampshire Local Plan. The objectives of the study were to: • Assess the technical potential for renewable energy within the District and where different renewable energy technologies and low carbon sources are most suitable within the District. • Undertake a landscape sensitivity assessment for various scales of wind and solar energy development. • Assess the options for enhanced building energy performance standards in East Hampshire. • Recommend appropriate policy options in relation to renewable and low carbon energy for the Local Plan. ii. The Council recognises the need to provide a positive framework for renewable and low carbon energy generation (which can have environmental, economic, social and other benefits). However, the development of energy generating installations within the District needs to be managed carefully to achieve the greatest contribution towards energy needs, while at the same time ensuring that the important characteristics of the environment and landscape are not unacceptably harmed. iii. A review of the recent trends in East Hampshire was undertaken and this found that carbon emissions to have fallen 21.7% between 2005 and 2015. This has been driven by improving energy efficiency and the decarbonisation of the electricity supply. There is 31MW of renewable electricity generating capacity in East Hampshire, all of which is solar PV. In addition, there are 168 residential renewable heat installations and nearly 7MW of non-domestic renewable heat capacity. iv. The Study reviewed the technical potential for following renewable and low carbon energy technologies within the District: • Wind turbines. • Stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) solar arrays (ie not building mounted solar PV). • Small scale hydro. • Energy from waste. • Renewable and low carbon heat. • Biomass. • Microgeneration technologies. v. There is technical potential to deliver around 630MW of electricity from wind turbines in the District with the greatest potential for small and medium wind turbines as there are less constraints to these size of turbines. In reality, the ‘deployable potential’ for wind (ie what is actually possible to deliver) is significantly lower due to: the lack of financial support for wind turbines development at the present time; grid connection difficulties; and national planning policy which has made it harder for developers to obtain permission for schemes, unless it can be clearly evidenced that the proposal lies within an area of suitability for wind and the scheme has the backing of the local community. vi. The study estimates that there is a technical