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Commelina Communis Family: Commelinaceae Common Name

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Commelina Communis Family: Commelinaceae Common Name Family: Commelinaceae Taxon: Commelina communis Synonym: Common Name: Asiatic daisy Questionaire : current 20090513 Assessor: Patti Clifford Designation: H(HPWRA) Status: Assessor Approved Data Entry Person: Patti Clifford WRA Score 21 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? y=1, n=-1 103 Does the species have weedy races? y=1, n=-1 201 Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If island is primarily wet habitat, then (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- Low substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appendix 2) 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- Low high) (See Appendix 2) 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 y 204 Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates y=1, n=0 y 205 Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see y Appendix 2), n= question 205 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see y Appendix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see y Appendix 2) 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see y Appendix 2) 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic y=1, n=0 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals y=1, n=-1 n 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 n 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens y=1, n=0 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 n 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems y=1, n=0 n 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle y=1, n=0 410 Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone conditions if not a volcanic island) y=1, n=0 y 411 Climbing or smothering growth habit y=1, n=0 y Print Date: 12/2/2011 Commelina communis (Commelinaceae) Page 1 of 7 412 Forms dense thickets y=1, n=0 n 501 Aquatic y=5, n=0 n 502 Grass y=1, n=0 n 503 Nitrogen fixing woody plant y=1, n=0 n 504 Geophyte (herbaceous with underground storage organs -- bulbs, corms, or tubers) y=1, n=0 n 601 Evidence of substantial reproductive failure in native habitat y=1, n=0 602 Produces viable seed y=1, n=-1 y 603 Hybridizes naturally y=1, n=-1 604 Self-compatible or apomictic y=1, n=-1 y 605 Requires specialist pollinators y=-1, n=0 n 606 Reproduction by vegetative fragmentation y=1, n=-1 y 607 Minimum generative time (years) 1 year = 1, 2 or 3 years = 0, 1 4+ years = -1 701 Propagules likely to be dispersed unintentionally (plants growing in heavily trafficked y=1, n=-1 y areas) 702 Propagules dispersed intentionally by people y=1, n=-1 y 703 Propagules likely to disperse as a produce contaminant y=1, n=-1 y 704 Propagules adapted to wind dispersal y=1, n=-1 n 705 Propagules water dispersed y=1, n=-1 y 706 Propagules bird dispersed y=1, n=-1 707 Propagules dispersed by other animals (externally) y=1, n=-1 n 708 Propagules survive passage through the gut y=1, n=-1 801 Prolific seed production (>1000/m2) y=1, n=-1 802 Evidence that a persistent propagule bank is formed (>1 yr) y=1, n=-1 y 803 Well controlled by herbicides y=-1, n=1 n 804 Tolerates, or benefits from, mutilation, cultivation, or fire y=1, n=-1 805 Effective natural enemies present locally (e.g. introduced biocontrol agents) y=-1, n=1 Designation: H(HPWRA) WRA Score 21 Print Date: 12/2/2011 Commelina communis (Commelinaceae) Page 2 of 7 Supporting Data: 101 2011. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. [Is the species highly domesticated? No] No evidence of domestication that reduces invasive traits. 102 2011. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. [Has the species become naturalized where grown? NA] 103 2011. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. [Does the species have weedy races? NA] 201 2011. USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources [Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If island is primarily wet Program. Germplasm Resources Information habitat, then substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 0-low] Native Network (GRIN) [Online Database Index]. range: ASIA-TEMPERATE National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Caucasus: Georgia Beltsville, Maryland. http://www.ars-grin.gov/cgi- Russian Far East: Russian Federation - Amur, Khabarovsk, Primorye, Sakhalin bin/npgs/html/index.pl China: China Eastern Asia: Japan - Hokkaido, Honshu, Kyushu 203 2009. Ulloa, S.M./Owen, M.D.K.. Response of [Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility)?] "Kutbay and Ucan (1998) Asiatic dayflower (Commelina communis) to reported that Asiatic dayflower has broad ecological tolerance to climatic and soil glyphosate and alternatives in soybean. Weed factors." Science. 57: 74-80. 204 1976. Morton, J.F.. Pestiferous spread of many [Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates? Yes] ornamental and fruit species in South Florida. Commelina communis L. DAYFLOWER. Eastern Asia. Naturalized about Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural gardens, on moist banks and in waste grounds. Society. 89: 348-353. 205 2009. Ulloa, S.M./Owen, M.D.K.. Response of [Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural Asiatic dayflower (Commelina communis) to range? Yes] Commelina communis is a cosmopolitan weed and widely distributed glyphosate and alternatives in soybean. Weed around the world, principally in the northern hemisphere. In the United States, Science. 57: 74-80. Asiatic dayflower is mostly located in the Midwest and along the East coast . 205 2011. Hilty, J.. Asiatic Dayflower - Commelina [Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural communis. www.illinoiswildflowers.infor, range? Yes] The Asiatic Dayflower has become the most common Commelina http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/weeds/plants/asi sp. (Dayflower) in Illinois for reasons that are not entirely clear. a_dayflower.htm 205 2011. Lye, K.A.. Asiatic dayflower Commelina [Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural communis, a new weed to Norway?. Blyttia. 69: range? Yes] "During local registration work in Hobol parish, Østfold, in Southeast 123-129. Norway fifteen plants of Commelina communis were discovered in a wasteland field at 95 m a.s.l. 301 2011. Hilty, J.. Asiatic Dayflower - Commelina [Naturalized beyond native range? Yes] The Asiatic Dayflower is a common plant communis. www.illinoiswildflowers.infor, that occurs in most counties of Illinois (see Distribution Map). It appears to be http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/weeds/plants/asi spreading into all areas of the state. Habitats include edges of floodplain forests, a_dayflower.htm thickets, edges of gardens and yards, areas along buildings, fence rows, vacant lots, and waste areas. This plant prefers disturbed areas, although it occasionally invades natural areas. 302 2007. Nice, G./Johnson, B.. Asiatic dayflower [Garden/amenity/disturbance weed? Yes] Asiatic dayflower (Commelina pretty but hard to control. Purdue University communis) can be a problematic weed in lawns and gardens, but it appears over Extension Science, the past several years to be http://www.btny.purdue.edu/WeedScience/2007/A spreading into no-till corn and soybean. It is one of the 16 weeds mentioned in siaticDayflower07.pdf the “Weed to Watch” handout. 302 2011. Hilty, J.. Asiatic Dayflower - Commelina [Garden/amenity/disturbance weed? Yes] The Asiatic Dayflower is a common communis. www.illinoiswildflowers.infor, plant that occurs in most counties of Illinois (see Distribution Map). It appears to http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/weeds/plants/asi be spreading into all areas of the state. Habitats include edges of floodplain a_dayflower.htm forests, thickets, edges of gardens and yards, areas along buildings, fence rows, vacant lots, and waste areas. This plant prefers disturbed areas, although it occasionally invades natural areas. 303 2007. Nice, G./Johnson, B.. Asiatic dayflower [Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed? Yes]Asiatic dayflower (Commelina pretty but hard to control. Purdue University communis) can be a problematic weed in lawns and gardens, but it appears over Extension Science, the past several years to be spreading into no-till corn and soybean. It is one of http://www.btny.purdue.edu/WeedScience/2007/A the 16 weeds mentioned in the “Weed to Watch” handout. siaticDayflower07.pdf Print Date: 12/2/2011 Commelina communis (Commelinaceae) Page 3 of 7 303 2008. Owen, M.D.K.. Weed species shifts in [Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed? Yes] "Asiatic dayflower (Commelina glyphosate-resistant crops. Pest Management communis L.) has been a serious, albeit scattered weed problem in soybean, Science. 64: 377-387. peanut and cotton fields in the midwest, midsouth and southeast USA for a number of years. Recent information suggests that Asiatic dayflower is spreading, although not quickly (Boerboom C, private communication, 2007). In GR cotton, for example, Asiatic dayflower is difficult to control with glyphosate. Apparent natural tolerance to glyphosate and other biological characteristics (i.e. extended germination period) contribute to the inability of growers effectively to manage this weed." 304 2011. WRA Specialist. Personal Communication. [Environmental weed? No] No evidence. 305 1999. Galinato, M.I./Moody, K./Piggin, C.M.. [Congeneric weed? Yes] "Commelina diffusa is a pantropical weed extending Upland rice weeds of south and southeast Asia. somewhat into temperate zones. Widely distributed and has been reported as a International Rice Research Institute, weed in 17 crops in 26 countries." http://books.google.com/books?id=NLLDcrAyn2k C&pg=PA31&dq=commelina+diffusa&hl=en&ei=vl XRTtqtE4OH2AWjpK29CQ&sa=X&oi=book_res 401 2008.
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