M.TCHtll LlQ.'A

REGULAR SAILINGS by luxury passenger liners * APR I94fl T R AY E L to: J. . INTERS TAT E Adelaide SEA Western Australia B Y Mackay Townsville Cairns

To Melbourne. Burnie and Devonport (Tas- mania). Sydney. Bris- bane and return to Sydney by s.s. "Ormis- THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL FULL PARTICULARS FROM ton." leaving Sydney 16th January, and fort- The Adelaide S.S. Co.. Ltd., 22 Bridge Street BW 2911 nightly thereafter. The Official Organ of the Navy League, N.S.W. Branch A.U.S.N. Co.. Ltd.. 247 George Street B 7511 Howard Smith. Ltd., 269 George Stroet B 7611 To South Sea Islands — Royal Exchange, 54a Pitt Street, Sydney. B 7808 Huddart. Parker. Ltd.. 10 Bridge Street BW 1441 Easter Cruise by s.? Mcllwraith, McEacharn. Ltd.. 19 Bridge Street BW 1047 " Katoo.i.ba " leaving Melbourne S.S. Co.. Ltd.. I Barrack Street BW 1803 Sydney — 8th April. Vol. 2—No. I (New Series) Sydney, January, 1939 Price 6D. 1939. (Offices also at Newcastle)

BY SEA IS BEST! WHAT DOES THE NEW YEAR HOLD ? 1938 has passed, a year of anxieties, of heard in Australia have been to spur the alarms and excursions, of invasions, marchings authorities on to greater efforts, in a frantic and counter marchings, of pacts and of appease- attempt to put the country on a self-defensive ments. basis. Whether that effort is too late or not It was an unhappy year. Armed might arose, remains to be seen. A militia recruiting throwing its shadow over the continent of programme is in full swing, and according to Europe, a shadow of bombing planes, of long Press reports is achieving a certain degree of MILD range guns, and of apparatus for gassing and success. Still more satisfactory from a defence obliterating humanity. point of view is the fact that, at last, the Royal Australian Navy has been thought worthy of In Europe, two conflicting parties in Spain serious attention, and is gradually being were, and still are, locked in a mighty grip, a CAPSTANS IN THE brought up to a point where it will be of some struggle out of which neither side can come definite value in resisting an invader who may wholly victorious. The third sire in that troubled cast covetous eyes on these shores. But a lot triangle, the civilian population, was, of course, more remains to be done; let us not be lulled in a state of defeat from the time Franco's into a sense of false security by the undoubted- guns first roared their defiance at the Spanish ly splendid efforts that are being made here Government. PACKET to-day. The war in China still drags on, and, as a The programme of training for Merchant result of it thousands of men have laid down Service officers by Naval experts in the essential their lives either for, or in defence of, a points of merchant jhip defence is an excellent time for a principle. Again the civilians are the main idea. However, no allowance has been made sufferers. for training Merchant Marine ratings along Out here in Australia we have felt the shivers these lines, and it is too much to expect the SPECIAL MILD of a distant earthquake; and at one time, in officers to pass on the knowledge they have September, 1938, not even the most sanguine gained at lectures to their men at sea. Routine MEDIUM AND of us could see peace maintained for twenty- CAPSTAN FULL STRENGTH four hours ahead. The results of the warnings (Continued overleaf) January, 1939 1 KINDLY REMEMBER OUR ADVERTISERS work aboard ship takes up nearly all available WITH THE HARWICH FORCE time, and for officers or men engaged in watch- keeping duties a certain proportion of the 1914-1916 twenty-four hours is vital for rest. ELLERMAN & BUCKNALL It would be good to see instituted a system (By Capt. Maurice Blackwood, D.S.O., of recruiting amongst merchant seamen for STEAMSHIP COMPANY the Royal Australian Naval Reserve (Sea- R.N.) going), like that in force at the presnt tme in Britain. In that way only can an efficient LIMITED Fleet Reserve be built up, one that will be able (Incorporated in ) One would think that by now the Great War houses were not lit at night, which added enor- to free ordinary Naval Reservists for active had been described from every angle, but I mously to the difficulty of navigation. I remem- service when, and if, the war telegram does doubt if many people have heard of the Har- ber, as far as I was concerned, the enemy was arrive. wich Force, which shared with the Dover Patrol the last thing I troubled about, and I think It seems a terrible thing to have to visualise the honour of being nearest the German bases. it was the same with most of the commanding this New Year of 1939 as one which needs the officers. We were most of us senior lieutenants, utmost preparation for War, in order that Peace British and Colonial The Harwich Force consisted of half a dozen and a grounding or a collision with another may be preserved. One might well be classed light cruisers and a varying number of des- boat would have ruined any chance we had of as a "gloom-spreader." However, no sane Line troyers, usually about twenty-five, but that promotion to commander; once that obstacle person in these troublous days will deny that number varied considerably. This variation was passed, we felt we could sit up and take a such a state of emergency does exist. That was due to casualties and also to vessels being bit of notice of the enemy. being granted, it would be well for all citizens detached for escort and patrol work in other to keep in mind the motto of the Navy League Regular Sailings of Fast and up to data areas. The duties of the force were many and The weather was, for the most part, vile—in "KEEP WATCH" varied. It provided reinforcements for the the summer we had fogs, in the winter fogs, STEAMERS Dover Patrol, convoyed the Hook of Holland gales and snowstorms. The latter were the mail steamers, escorted and protected mine worst, as in a fog it is usually possible to —THE EDITOR. to sweepers, had divisions constantly detached to anchor, whereas a snow-storm was usually ac- assist in escort work from Portsmouth and Ply- companied by a gale from the north-east, which mouth, and even sent a division to the Medi- made it impossible to do so. terranean for six months. In the Battle of Jut- AND land, one Harwich division was acting as the We used to act as escort for the numerous CONTINENTAL PORTS submarine screen for the battle cruisers. flying raids on the enemy coast, and my first So that, although our normal complement of introduction to the Royal Naval Air Service oc- was thirty, we seldom went to sea curred after one of these raids—in March, 1916, tailing as a unit with more than twenty. The reduc- I think it was. I think we were raiding Bor- tion in numbers also made a great difference kum, and the seaplanes had got off the water Wool, Refrigerated and to the amount of sea time those left at the all right for this attack. My division of des- General Cargo base had to put in. One division of four boats troyers was detailed to sweep back along the was Always ready at five minutes' notice for Dutch coast and try to pick them up on their Abo forty-eight hours until relieved by the next lot. return journey. At about 10 a.m. we sighted This duty-division was moored just inside the the tail of one of our machines sticking up out Accommodation (or limited number of Saloon harbour in a most uncomfortable billet, and no of the water, but no sign of the pilot. Not PASSENGERS. shore leave was given—it went to sea the knowing much about aircraft at that time, I Ship by Patrick Steamarj ... moment any submarine report was received. foolishly thought that the machine was of some With a reduced number of destroyers, this duty value, so stopped and picked it up at the grave Ship by Patrick Sltimtn and ba sura of came round far too often to be pleasant. In risk of being torpedoed by a submarine. After tha most cartful handling of fragila cargo. Por full particulars as to ratas of Freight and the Summer—what there was of it—it wasn't a good deal of difficulty we got it on board and Prompt and lata dolivary ii auurod. Mart bad, but in the Winter the destroyers were des- your ordan "Ship por Patrick Staamar" found that its bombs had not been released, Passaga perately cold. The recollections of the Harwich but were still in the rack. During this operation and gat all tha advantagas of Patrick Apply to tarvico. Force which stand out most clearly in my mind we were bombed by a Zeppelin, which was driven are the difficulties of navigation and weather. off by a . On our return to Felix- JAMES PATRICK & CO. I W. G. Deuchar ft Co. My. Ltd. stowe, I asked the flying people to come and look after their property, and shortly afterwards a PTY. LTD. Managing Agents With regard to the first, the North Sea from party arrived, led by a sergeant, with an axe, SCOTTISH HOUSE. MIDGE STREET. SYDNEY Dover to The Wash is a mass ot° sandbanks for 22 BRIDGE STREET :: SYDNEY some miles off the coast, and, although some and proceeded to chop up the machine I had Tolophono : BW 4181 (6 linos) of the navigational marks remained, the light- risked my ship to save. 13 3 1 February,193 9 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL "WITH THE HARWICH FORCE" (Contd.) road home was practically over the ovtwnrd course and it was know that somewhere on or On the 5th of August, the day after war near that course the "Konigin Luise" had been was declared, the Harwich Force was at sea busy early in the day. The problem was delicate, THE FINISHING TOUCH" doing a sweep in the direction of Heligoland. yet it was advisable to ignore definite instruc- The force consisted of the light cruisers "Ame- tions; consequently a course was shaped which, (By A.D.D.) thyst," "Fearless" and "Amphion," with the it was hoped, would clear the uncharted mines. First and Third Flotillas. In accord- For those who were aware of the situation, it ance with the orders, the flotillas spread out was an anxious night. apart, and at half-past ten the "Amphion" sight- It was the day of the admiral's inspection, he turned with a smile to his second in com- mand: "I wonder where the fatal blot will be ed a steamer, which, in appearance, resembled At about a quarter to seven on the 6th, that and His Majesty's sloop "Geranium" lay at detected," he said. the vessels on the Harwich-Hook of Holland is, the next morning, the "Amphion" struck a anchor, spotless and glistening, in the morning service, but, as her course did not agree and mine under the forebridge, which was practical- sun. On board, the last precious finishing "I hope nowhere, sir." she appeared to be in somewhat of a hurry, the ly wrecked by the explosion. Flame and smoke touches were being attended to, so that no- destroyers "Lance" and "Landrail" were des- poured from the side slits of the conning tower, thing should mar the picture when the great "On the contrary—must have one blot you patched to investigate. A destroyer on the wing and from the entrance which opened direct from man arrived at 9 o'clock. know. It's infernally aggravating to go round inspecting a ship and not find a single blemish to of the screen spoke to a fishing boat, who re- the roof to the lower bridge. This was apparent- The first lieutenant, a young lieutenant- com- ported that the steamer had been dropping ly from burning cordite and continued for some criticise. However — oh, I've fixed up that mander, whose first inspection in his capacity boat—" what apparently were mines. The "Lance" time, killing two guns' crews in the forecastle of executive officer was now about to take place, signalled at 11.30 a.m. that she and the "Lan- —2nd burning more or less severely all the went slowly round the ship for the last time, "Thanks, sir, and I've collected a lot of gear drail," who had been hotly pursuing this sus- occupants on the bridge. As the hands were peering into dark corners for gear illicitly bun- to get out of the way this morning." picious vessel, were "engaging the enemy"; at breakfast, a large number of men were dled out of sight, and scrutinising every com- "Good—well, have everything ready by five so, with the remainder of the flotilla, the "Am- trapped on the mess decks, being killed out- partment with a piercing eye. With an oc- minutes to nine." phion" proceeded at full speed to join up and right or suffocated by fumes. casional word of praise to the men responsible "Aye, aye, sir" take charge of the situation. for the finish that was manifest wherever he The engines were stopped, and destroyers The first lieutenant withdrew, and proceeded looked, and here and there a suggestion for Hany claims and statements have been made ordered to send boats. The "Amphion's" own to the wardroom and sat down to his own break- infinitesimal improvement, he at length came as to who fired the first shot in the war from sea-boats were lowered, but were so badly fast. All officers were down early this morning aft the starboard side. Suddenly he paused, as the British sea forces, but there can be no shaken that they were useless. The fore part to allow the stewards to clear away and clean his glance was arrested by a row of green doubt that the "Lance's" first round was the of the ship was well down in the water and up the pantry in ample time before 9 o'clock. service pattern canvas suitcases on top of the first shot fired at sea for our counntry in the the mess deck on fire, so that there was little Everywhere on board there was an atmosphere kit lockers. "Better get rid of that lot," he mur- Great War. hope for any who were not aft in the ship. of tense suppressed excitement. Outwardly mured to the petty officer at his elbow—"looks Efforts were made to extinguish the fire, but calm and collected, there was scarcely an offi- On getting range, the "Amphion"—which better." these had to be adandoned and the survivors cer or man who did not, in some degree or was the best shooting ship of the year of her transferred to destroyers. Two officers had gone class—showed what good gunnery could do on "Aye, aye, sir," returned the petty officer. another, feel anxious and nervous as the time to the forecastle to destroy a steel box of con- of the commander-in-chief's arrival approached. a live target. The "Konigin Luise," as she fidential books, and they left the ship with proved to be, was a passenger vessel convert- "But wait a bit—where do you propose to the last boatload. They had barely left the ed into a mine-layer, and could offer little resis- stow 'em?" asked the first lieutenant. The How different from the feelings of the com- gangway when the forward magazine exploded. tance, being armed only with a few light guns petty officer hesitated for a moment. mander-in-chief himself. To him the ship's The vessel still had way on and appears to suitable against small craft. Salvo after salvo "Exactly," smiled the executive officer—"we inspection was but a rather tedious duty which have circled round until she encountered the from the "Amphion" got the target in addition can't. I tell you what," he continued after a kept him from his normal routine; it would same row of mines, another of which she struck. to the fire from the destroyers, as they came few moments' thought, "the captain has ar- take two days. To-morrow he would go to sea The fore part of the ship was now reduced to within range, and quickly the "Konigin Luise" ranged with the flagship to send a boat over in the ship and order drills, exercises and fir- atoms, and debris was scattered among the settled down well on fire amidships, finally at 8.30 for some gear I want to dispose of ings; to-day he would go round the ship, in- destroyers who had closed for rescue work; sinking at about half-past twelve, 46 survivors temporarily—I've fixed up the details with the spect the men, visit the engine-room, and climb these had to clear smartly away as the "Am- being rescued and made prisoner out of a crew commander over there, and they'll return it all up and down ladders into every compartment. phion" slid suddenly astern before sinking about of about 100. this evening . . . we'll get rid of this junk He would get extremely hot and more than 7 o'clock. Thus the ship which had primarily at the same time." likely spoil a clean suit of whites. Of the feel- It was thus that the British Navy scored the assisted in gaining the first victory in the war, ings that his inspection of the sloop would en- first success of the war. by a turn of unexpected events, became our "Aye, aye, sir," saluated the petty officer. gender on board he was perfectly aware. After first loss. Pleased with this simple solution to the prob- years of experience of it himself, ever since he The selection of a homeward course for our lem, the first lieutenant reported to the cap- was a midshipman, he felt he knew just how Of the 21 prisoners rescued from the "Koni- apprehensive and desperately eager everyone squadron was attended by considerable difficul- gin Luise," from the "Amphion," only two es- tain that he had made a final tour of the ship, ty. Instruction had been given to avoid one and that he could think of nothing further that on board would be, how keen to be prompt with caped, the remainder being killed by the explo- the right answer first time. He knew all the route as being dangerous, owing to enemy sion. could possibly be done before the inspection. st£>marmes; while another was imposs- tricks of leading a flag officer round a ship, ible as it took us over a mine-field. The open (Continued on Page 19) "Excellent, No. 1." The captain was in the imperceptibly guiding him past compartments middle of his breakfast. Finishing a mouthful, where there might be grounds for criticism, and 16 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL 4 January, 1939 "FINISHING TOUCH" (Contd.) "FINISHING TOUCH" (Contd.) equally unobtrusively conducting him to others unusual medal. So far all seemed to be going justly considered show places by their proud well. After inspecting the sailors the admiral Cockatoo Docks & Visit the Orient ... occupants. The commander-in-chief chuckled said he would like to go round the mess decks inwardly when he reflected that nowadays he working forward, and then come aft, visiting Engineering Co. Pty. Ltd. was in the position of inspecting officer him- the lower compartments and engine-room. for Glamour, Romance, Charm self, and that all the old tricks would undoubt- Both externally and internally the ship was edly be worked or attempted on him. undeniably spick and span, and the first lieu- Contractors to . . . "Barge alongside, sir," reported the flag lieu- tenant began to breathe more easily at the com- A-O Line gives you the lost word in comfort end tenant, stepping into the admirals's cabin. mander-in-chief occasionally indicated satisfac- H.M. AUSTRALIAN NAVY interest on a holiday trip to the East. Monthly "I shan't be two minutes, Flags," replied the tion and approval of the mess decks and living seilings by the British Steamers "CHANGTE" and Ship-builders, Marine & General Engineers admiral, blotting his signature on to a paper spaces. A new design of kit locker soon arrest- TAIPING" provide excellent accommodation, on the desk before him. ed his attention, however, and then suddenly both First and Second Class, and also Private the first lieutenant heard his name being called On board H.M.S. "Geranium" the captain and Suites. See Australia's showground of marine life: from the head of the procession, "First lieu- Inquiries invited officers stood waiting on the quarter-deck as the Barrier Reef and Thursday Island on the way tenant, where do you stow these new suitcases, though preparatory to Sunday divisions. For nowadays ... I don't see any about?" to HONG KONG. CHINA, JAPAN and the better or worse it was too late now to take PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. any last-minute precautions; the admiral's barge The first lieutenant pushed his way forward, COCKATOO ISLAND was already half-way across from the flag-ship. his brain working like lightning. Impossible "Will the officers please fall in here . . . step to explain they were usually stowed on top SYDNEY forward and salute as the captain calls your of the kit lockers, the admiral would instantly name?" The first lieutenant moved over to the want to know where they were now; and the Phone : W 1941 (10 line*) top of the gangway as the barge approached. explanation of that was equally impossible. First Class He was joined by the captain. Hastily, and as convincingly as he could, the first lieutenant extemporised a likely stowage Return Fare to Japan £90 "Are we all set, No. 1?" —a spot not yet reached in the inspection "Yes, sir." round—and, with the evil moment postponed, Return Fare to Hong Kong £76 "Don't forget the old man's got a sense of he turned unobtrusively to his seaman messen- (NO EXCHANGE) humour," smiled the captain—"just in case any- ger following behind him, and bade him go like an arrow for the Supply Petty Officer. In less • thing—well, here she goes—" To thr ihrill piping of the side, the com- than a minute that portly individual appeared mander-L. chief, followed by his secretary and in a highly nervous state of apprehension as flag lieutenant, mounted the gangway. to what such a summons could mean. Rapidly the first lieutenant turned to him, and in a low "Good morning, Compton." Obtain full particulars, itinerary, etc. voice demanded to know if he had any new suit- "Good morning, sir." cases in stock. from "Ship lookin' very nice to-day . . . from the outside." With this ambiguous greeting the "Yes, sir, at the last issue I mustered—" admiral crossed the quarter-deck to where the "Never mind that now—go and place every officers were fallen in. After introducing them suitcase you've got in the store on the port side, A-O. LINE individually, the captain led the admiral forward in the space abaft—" the first lieutenant became a few paces. "Will you inspect the men at (Incorporated in Hong Kong) technically detailed. "Understand? . . . and at divisions first, sir?" once, before the commander-in-chief gets there." "Yes—usual routine—my secretary can be G. S. YUILL & CO. PTY. LTD. getting on with the books, and I'll look at them "Aye, aye, sir." The stout figure withdrew, later, after the bags and hammocks." bewildered by his strange instructions, but de- (Menaging Agents) termined none the less not to let down the first Slowly the procession went for'ard, the ad- lieutenant. At the first opportunity that officer miral leading, and looking closely at every man. managed to whisper to the captain how the Now and again he turned to his flag lieutenant 6 Bridge Street, Sydney ' ?\nd lay, and of the steps he had taken to and told him to take .the name of some individ- justify his impromptu reply to the commander- ual he had picked out, who would later be in-chief. detailed to lay out his bedding and kit for muster. Sometimes the admiral stopped to ask In due course the mess deck rounds were a question, or interrogate the recipient of some completed, and the admiral started on the lower 13 7 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL 1February ,193 9 "FINISHING TOUCH" (Contd.) you merely divert attention at the crucial compartments, up and down vertical ladders moment . . . and then, later on . . . But what with the captain and departmental officers con- was the delay with the bags and hammocks?" cerned, the remainder of the procession, unless "I was just going to explain, sir. I had specially summoned, standing about at the top to substitute one of the men chosen by the of the hatches so as not to congest the space C.-in-C. to lay out his bag for another at the below. last moment." The morning wore on, and at last the admiral "Why?—I don't understand." emerged from the engine-room and suggested a "The right fellow couldn't find his kit, sir." five-minutes' stand-easy to the captain. Grate- "Couldn't find his kit?" queried the captain ful for this interlude, officers and men dispers- incredulously. ed for a quick cigarette, while the captain led "Only a pair of socks and a hair brush." The the admiral into his cabin. The first lieutenant hesitated, and a queer smile Meanwhile on the upper deck the six "select- flickered across his face. "I seems, sir, that ed" ratings were laying out their bags and remainder of his kit had vanished altogether, hammocks which were to form the next item he had temporarily placed it in his—er, suit- in the inspection. case, which " "Kits ready yet?" inquired the admiral, glanc- "•—was among those you carefully sent over ing at his watch after the stand-easy, and ex- to the flagship to get out of the way this tinguishing a cigarette in the captain's silver morning," grinned the captain. ash tray. "Yes, sir." "They should be, sir. I'll send for the first The grin broadened into a burst of joyous lieutenant," replied the captain, ringing a bell. laughter. "Well, No. 1. since the admiral speci- "I'll look at the books here to save time," fically asked me the cause of the delay, I feel announced the admiral, and sat down at a bound, in the circumstances, to er—let him table piled with logs, journals, accounts, official know . . Yes, by gad, we'll jolly well tell him," statements and records of every kind, glancing roared the captain in delight. "You leave it at some, scrutinising others closely, and oc- to me." —"Navy." casionally placing his initials under the latest entries. "Bags ready for inspection, sir," announced the captain presently. "What was the cause of the delay, demanded LARS HALVORSEN the admiral. "I'm finding out, sir," replied the captain. SONS PTY. LIMITED But even with this part of the inspection the admiral could find no real grounds for adverse Designers and Builders of Cruisers and comment, beyond a muttered growl that it had taken too long to get ready. Commercial Craft. "You were asking about the suitcase stow- age, sir," ventured the captain, after the last sailor had been questioned about the rolled bundles of clothing laid out on the desk. "Ah, yes—well, er—never mind now," replied DISTRIBUTORS l-OR MORRIS MARINE the admiral. "Any men want to state complaints ENGINES. or want to see me?" "No, sir." "Good. Well, I think that'll do for to-day. Compton." And shortly after the great man and his NEUTRAL BAY staff departed with due pomp and ceremony. "I was afraid I was going to slip up badly, sir, SYDNEY over those suitcases," observed the first lieu- tenant, "and as a matter of fact—" Phones: XA1705. XA1737 "Oh, that's nothing," smiled the captain, "you forget that I was once a flag lieutenant myself; 20 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL 740-ton ocean going series have been completed. NAVAL NOTES from OTHER LANDS Yet another vessel of the new type to pass into service recently is the Ml, first of a new class of 600-ton mine-sweepers, 24 in number. Argentina: France: Additional depot ships include the "Havel," Four escort vessels of 1,000 tons, to be known "Wamow," "Isar," "Lech" and "Samoa," four as the "Murature" class, after the first ship France's first 35,000-ton battleship, the "Rich- of which are understood to be merchant vessels laid down recently at Rio Santiago, are being elieu," was launched at Brest in November, 1938. that have been taken over and refitted. She will have a speed of over 30 knots and built for the Argentine Navy. They are to • • • be attached to the Naval College in order to will be armed with eight 15-inch and fifteen 6-inch guns. Her place on the slip she vacated Russia: give the cadets seagoing training. will be taken by a sister ship, to be named A fresh series of destroyers is reported to be "Clemenceau" Similarly, when the "Jean passing into service in the Soviet fleet. Names Bart" is launched at St. Nazaire, in 1939, it is so far reported are "Gnievni," "Gordi," "Grom- China: expected that a fourth 35,000-ton ship, author- ki," "Grosni," "Gremiastchi," "Grosiastchi," ised in the current programme (to be named "Grosovoi," "Smetlivi," and "Stremitelni," all A list of Chinese warships reported to have "Gascogne"), will be laid down in the vacant revivals of names popular in Imperial days. been lost during the conflict with Japan includes berth. It is not clear whether these are identical with some 40 names, in addition to several that are the batch of destroyers which were previously so far unidentified. The cruisers "Ning Hai" The 8.000-ton cruiser "De Grasse," of the reported as the "Kharkov," "Kiev," "Stalinsk," and "Ping Hai" have both been salved and 1937 programme has been laid down at Lorient. "Moskva," "Perekop," and "Volochaevka," but taken over by the Imperial Japanese Navy, as Her sister ships of the 1938 programme are to ever since 1918 there have been frequent has the escort vessel "Yet Sen." The cruisers be named "Chateaurenault" and "Guichen." Of changes of names in the Russian Navy. "Hai Chi." "Hai Shen," "Hai Yung," "Hai the two 18,000-ton aircraft carriers to be built, Three more torpedo boats of the "Shtorm" type Chou," "Chao Ho," "Ying Swei" and "Tung the "Joffre" has been ordered from the Pen- are reported to be in commission, the "Purga," Chi" have all been sunk, some in action, and hoet yard, St. Nazaire, but the "Painleve" has "Snieg" and "Tucha." still to be put in hand. Other ships for which others as part of boom defences. A similar • • • fate has befallen the gunboats "Yung Chien," the contracts hav? yet to be placed include "Yung Hsiang," "Tie Chion," "Ta Tung," "Chu the first class submarines "La Guadelope," "La Slam: Tai," Chu Yu," "Chu Yiu," "Kiang Li," "Hsien Martinique" and 'I-a Reunion"; and four mine- It is reported from Italy that an order has Ning"; the seaplane carrier "Teh Sheng" and sweepers of the "Elan" type, the "Amiral been placed by the Siamese Government with "Wei Sheng"; the torpedo boats "Chien Kang," Senes," "Enseigne Ballande," "Matelot Le- the Cantieri Riuniti dell' Adriatico, Trieste, for "Tung An," "Hu Ying" and half-a-dozen of the blanc" and "Rageot de La Touche." • two 10,000-ton cruisers. Hitherto the biggest motor type; the patrol vessels "Wei Ning," fighting ships in the Siamese Navy have been PicturtAque Tratkl "Suh Ning," "Wu Ning," "Kiang Ning," "Chung the coast defence vessels "Ayutia" and "Dham- Ning," Cheng Ning," "Chang Ning"; and the buri," of 2,265 tons, recently delivered from the To London via Suez surveying vessels "Chiao Jih" and "Chin Tien." Germany: Kawasaki shipyard at Kobe. Colourful ports of call . . . Colombo. Ships reported seriously damaged, but which Bombay, Aden, Port Sudan, Port Said, The launch of the first German 35,000-ton » • • Malta. Marseilles, Gibraltar, Tangier, may still survive, are the gunboats "Chu Kuan," battleship took place at Hamburg, during U.S.A.: Plymouth . . . happy days and nights at "Ming Sen" and "Ming Chun." This also applies November last, so it will coincide fairly Names have been chosen for a further batch sea . . . excellent food and service . . . to the torpedo boats "Hu Chun" and "Hu Peng." unsurpassed accommodation . . . rest and closely with that of the "Richelieu." Two (if of United States' warships, to be built under It is evident, therefore, that for practical pur- recreation under ideal conditions ... or* not three) more battleships of similar displace- the 1938 programme. These include "Hornet," highlight of HO Trawl. poses, the Chinese Navy has ceased to have ment are building or projected. No informa- for the new aircraft carrier; "Terror," a large any effective existence. tion is available as to the names to be assigned minelayer; "Albermarle," "Barnegat," and "Bis- All particulars obtainable to them, but it would not be surprising if those cayne," seaplane tenders; "Prairie," a destroyer from local P & O Agents. of the battle cruisers that took part in the tender; "Neosho" and "Platte," oilers; "Chero- Finland; principal actions in the North Sea during the kee" and "Seminole," fleet tugs. Great War—"Derfflinger," "Moltke," "Seyd- • • • A warship of somewhat novel type was laun- litx" and "Von der Tann"—were to be selected. Yugoslavia: ched in September, 1938, for the Finnish Navy. It is believed that their speed will approach A new flotilla leader, to be the biggest ship This is the "Sisu," which combines the func- 30 knots, and it is known that they will mount in the Royal Yugoslav Navy, has been laid down tions of a submarine depot ship and an ice- eight 15-inch and twelve 5.9-inch guns. at Split At present this distinction is held by breaker. She is of 4,235 tons , with The first of the ten big destroyers of 1,811 the old training ship "Dalmacija," an ex-cruis- p.e Diesel-electric propulsion, a speed of 17 knots tons, the "Diether von Roeder," was commis- Penintular and Oriental S.N. C*. er, of 2,370 tons, so it is evident that the new Incorporated' in England. and u armament of two 3.9 inch anti-aircraft sioned in September, 1938. It has also become vessel will be equal in dimensions to some of known that the three submarines of the new the big French contretorpilleura.

10 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL January, 1939 x ! 11 SEEN AT PALM BEACH A "STEER'-AGE CROSSING (By R. C. Patterson) Who wouldn't sell a farm and go to sea? . . . The writer went one better— He took a farm to sea! . . . Not exactly a farm, but enough steers to stock a good-sized ranch.

As one of twelve cattlemen acting as victual- tent to let them roam comparatively free; berth lers, stewards, chamber-maids and what-nots ing them properly could be done the next day. (especially what-nots), I went to sea. We had, however, to go ahead of them and bed The idea of taking the trip came up quite them down for the night; place straw for them, casually one Saturday night when a friend of feed and water, and all the et ceteras. mine suggested I go with him just for the ex- Let me now ask you to picture the "tying perience. He said I would be sure to enjoy it. up process" which came later. Imagine the Just a pal. Looking back on it I can enjoy hold of a fairly large ship with wild, nervous it now. Then—ah, as Shakespeare or Dickens range cattle roaming freely around; imagine or someone has said—thereby hangs a tale. a bunch of greenhorns instructed to get them And not a steer's tail either! tied up individually and in orderly fashion. The We left Toronto on a cattle train, three of storm was at its height; they were thrown in us, our foreman and some 500 head of cattle. all directions—so were we. We were under All destined for the same ship, which was lying them, we were on top of them, we twisted their at Saint John, N3. We rode in style, going tails; they in turn kicked us, they bunted us Ijy ti-aia—free and easy in the caboose, which, and "so on" for hours until every one of them I must admit is by far the most comfortable was safely berthed and had a chance to settle way to travel. Occasionally at stations we gave down to enjoy "chewing his cud." the cattle a cursory glance, although not until Then we decided to turn in. Not too soon, we £ot to the ship's side had we anything for we were all pretty well fagged out. In Block by courtesy "Bulletin" whatever to do with them. Later we gave our quarters we had very decided evidence that them the curses and glances separately. "better men than we, Gurga Din" had taken "Gad. Prendergast. This'll Revolutionise Surf-Bathing." We had a three-day trip to St. John. Then the "steer"-age route to the Old Land. Uni- the fun started. We had to rope every single versity crests from all over the North American head of cattle. No, not "roping a la cow- continent, including many of the leading U.S. boy," or in wild west style, but just slipping Universities as well as those of the Dominion, a form of halter over the beasts' heads. Sounds had been pencilled, painted and burned into the A "STEER"-AGE CROSSING. (Contd.) "half astern" and "half ahead" again, and we simple, doesn't it, but someday try to put a wood of the table and of the walls. The quar- steamed away from the dock into the Bay of halter on a "rambunctious" steer, es- ters were not bad—neither were they too good. up. None of mine came up, but even if they Fundy. What a day! What a bay! She has pecially when it is one of a bunch which has "Nobody," as A. A. Milne says, "can call me had I would not have appreciated them any a reputation for dirty weather. It is well earn- been running wild on a western ranch and has a fussy man," but really, I do object to having more. To the best of my recollection we had ed! We should have made Halifax in seven- the utmost dislike for ropes, ships, cattle-men cold, salty seawater pouring into my bunk, two "good" meals on the way over. Fish and teen hours. We were hove-to for more than or anything pertaining to them. as transpired later. I was told it was only a chips on Sunday and bacon and eggs on Sun- two days, and completed the trip in seventy- It took four hours to rope them. Even then trickle, but if that was a trickle I would have day. If anything was needed to make me a truly we were assisted by longshoremen, experienced hated to sail with Noah when he met a real two hours. Again I am reminded of the story religious man, fish and chips and bacon and in the work. At the end of four hours we flood. The bunks were comfortable—but then, of the sure cure for sea-sickness—to sit be- eggs would swing the scale. were sweating (and I had always prided my- we were tired—with paillasses filled with straw. neath a tree for one day. There were several self before that I never did more than pers- In our cabin (swanky, aren't we?) there were pire), dusty, bedraggled and blistered. Oh, it's four bunks. In the next one there were ten. The next afternoon we set sail. That's be- of our crew who would have welcomed a nice, hard on the hands. And it's even harder on the We were cramped, the ten men must have had ing nautical, for the benefit of "The Journal," sturdy, steady tree during that time! Without morals. a great sympathy for sardines! for really all that happened was a couple of wishing to brag I might say that I "held my The cattle were driven into the various Don't ask about the meals! You know the longshoremen cast off our mooring lines, the own"—but it was a strain. The "Old Man" sections of the ship they were to occupy during old joke about a man having six meals a day "Old Man" rang down for "half ahead" and said it was the worst storm he had seen for the crossing. That night we were quite con- crossing the Atlantic—three down and three 13 February, 1939 1 13 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL A "STEER"-AGE CROSSING. (Contd.) starved, but I have had better meals. thirty-one years. Of course Poseidon (excuse After breakfast we turned-to again, throw- THE CORPS ABROAD me preferring the Greek God to his Latin ing back straw which the "confounded" ani- counterpart, Neptune) must save that sort of a mals had scattered all over the place. Then, trip for me. at nine o'clock, we gave the steers a treat— fed them grain. During the height of the storm (that's what Christmas Camp, 1938 the ship's officers called it, we thought it was The next day had then to be considered. closer to a hurricane or typhoon or what-have- And so, although we did not look forward to (By L. R. V. Smith, O.-in-C. Camp) you) we were introduced to the routine we were the job, we got together the fodder for the to follow for thirteen days—three of them in animals' next day's meals. Down in the hold the Bay of Fundy (maledictions on its name) half of us went, the other half remaining above. Ratings and officers of "Victory," "Fairlight" On Tuesday evening one of the "Victory" and ten days in open ocean. We arose at 4.30 Bales of hay and sacks of grain were laborious- and Manly divisions attended a combined Sea ratings was found to be running a high tem- a.m. (what a delightful hour) and went straight ly brought up from the nethermost depths and Cadet Camp at Pittwater during Christmas perature and had all the symptons of sun- to the 'tween decks to water those cattle. Now, stacked on each deck. Just two hours' heavy Week. stroke, so he was transported by whaler to I am a sympathiser with the aims of the work, that's all! At 11.30 we were ready to A special bus transported the complement Mr. Nobb's boat, the "Mariemac," in case he R.S.P.C.A., but I do think a whole lot of pity cry quits and transfer our attentions to getting from Manly wharf to Palm Beach. Arriving became worse and had to be taken to the doc- is wasted upon cattle. What I mean to say is, dinner for ourselves. After all, the cattle could at Palm Beach at 10.20 on Monday, 26th Decem- tor. Fortunately, he recovered during the night there is a limit to the kindness which can be not have all the attention. shown to an ordinary—and 'ornery—steer. And ber, the ratings had to get straight into work and was able to resume duty the following and training. The two "Victory" whalers which morning. when the beasts insist upon fifteen pails of Prepare for a shock. What do you think water each before their thirst is quenched— were towed from Sydney had to be unmoored Early on Wednesday morning "Mariemac" we had for dinner? Believe it or not—"stew!" and rigged. Imagine two whalers having to led the two whalers, one under sail and the well, I'm ready to testify that they expect too And, I might as well break the news here, our much. carry the equipment of thirty hands, tents, other under oars, from the bay into the Pitt- almost invariable menu for supper, as well, was spare masts, tables, stools and provisions! It water, and semaphore signalling was carried —"stew!" Oh well, the chef might have not After watering them we had to feed the was a work of art for the officers to stow gear out between the three boats. This gave signal- had much originality, but he was a wonderful and still leave sufficient space for rowing. men an excellent opportunity of getting in plenty brutes. Hay, by the ton-load. Stalking down cooker of—STEW. We tucked into it come the gangways, a third of a bale to each animal. Fortunately, after rowing a short distance, of practice, and also gave seamen a chance to morning, noon or night, so perhaps he was not two launches took the boats in tow, thus sav- carry out some training. And a bale weighs between 150 and 170 such a bad guesser at that. pounds. Each of us had to feed between ing considerable time and hard work. Some very heavy rain fell on Wednesday thirty and thirty-five animals. Now figure Arriving at the camping ground, just outside afternoon, which dampened everyones' spirits it out I ask and you will see we had to The menu was about as diversified as our the Basin at Pittwater, at 12.05, lunch was pre- slightly, and also their clothes, as the tents cart a lot of hay before the feeding was over. job. After dinner we cleaned up the alley-ways pared immediately, being served at 13.00 were not capable of holding out the torrential and fed and watered the animals. After sup- Tents had been erected previously, but only rain. per we cleaned up the alley-ways. Well, it was temporarily, so the afternoon was spent in Ratings were given classes regularly in Having fed and watered the "dear" beasts, all in a lifetime, and we did not really find we were allowed to consider the needs of our gathering wood, erecting the tents permanently various subjects, such as Ship's Time, Rules of much to kick about. It was a great experience and generally settling down into the eight-day the Road, Semaphore, etc. These classes were own inner man. A wash was much in demand— —"to look back upon." baths, of course, were not in the routine—and home. Fortunately there was a water tap right found to be very acceptable to the ratings, who we did enjoy fetching a bucket of cold water on the camping ground, fed from a dam a short all seemed keen to learn something ratEer than from the deck and toting it to our cabin. To And so it went on for days. One day, two distance up a hill from the camp. The water be in idleness. our credit let it be said that even W. S. Gil- days, three days—and so on until the tenth vns a trifle hard but quite good. Cooking in camp, in most instances, was quite bert himself could not have found an "im- day. On the tenth day we arrived at Birken- Hands were divided into three watches, the good, but the public is warned against mention- perfect ablutioner" amongst us—we were most head, at 3 a.m. Just as a parting memento, duty watch carrying out the necessary work ing the word "stew" to any of the lads who meticulous, although our eyes were heavy with as it were, we were turned-to at that hour to aided by any lads who happened to be on Fati- were in camp. The only time this delicacy was lack of sleep and subterranean rumbles within bring up 250 bales of hay from three holds, gue Duty. Sentries were stationed throughout on the menu the cook fell down on the job and us gave warning of an empty void somewhere just so the cattle would have something to the night to watch the boats, each part of a turned out a mixture of charcoal and water, below. And then breakfast came! Stew! chew when they went ashore. And, to make watch doing two hour tricks. which was not accepted too kindly by the un- Imagine stew before the dew was off the decks! the contract even more decided, we were lying Swimming drill was carried out each day, poor fortunate eaters. However, it went down splendidly, and, as a alongside the H.M.S. "Conway"—that aristocrat- swimmers being assisted by officers and senior The camp was inspected by Capt. Blackwood, couple of my more unfortunate confreres said, ic training ship of the Merchant Marine—as we ratings. The sailing whaler was out practically Officer Commanding N.L.S.C.C., on Saturday came up easily. For those of us who were did so. Oh well, We did not mind. There were every morning and afternoon with different morning. He was met by a whaler's crew at really hungry, and were not just eating to prove many weary leagues behind us and many far boats' crews and some excellent experience was 11.30 and rowed across to the camp. He in- to the others that mal de mer had not ruined more weary hours. And we were still living, obtained by ratings from Manly and "Fairlight." spected all hands, tents and boats, and was our appetites, there were lashings of bread and still fit and very healthy. It was not a This will be of great use to them when they quite pleased with the camping site. He left and butter and oceans of coffee. We were not bad trip—"to look back upon." obtain their own sailing whaler in the near the camp at 11.45 in "Mariemac" with Mr. future. Nobbs. 14 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL 1February ,193 9 13 Sea Cadet Notes NAVAL MOTES

Commander: ARTHUR H. B. DAY to "Cerberus' Paymaster Lieutenant: PHILIPP O. L. OWEN to for passage to England per "Orama" for rever- "Moresby," 8th January, 1939. "Victory" Training Depot sion to the . 20th December, 1938; Surgeon Lieutenant: FRANCIS H. GENOE to "Cer- EDWARD M. HAES to "Cerberus," 12th Decem- berus," additional, 1st December, 1938; FRANK ber, 1938. F. COFFEY to "Penguin, additional, lit Decem- Acting-Commander: HARVEY M. NEWCOMB to ber, 1938. • "Penguin," as Ofttcer-ln-Charge, Anti-Submarine Shipwright lJeutenant-Commander: WILLIAM J. School, Sydney, 24 th November, 1938. T. WHITE to "Cerberus" and as Barrackmas- (By L. R. V. Smith, O.-in-C.) Ueutetaant-Commander: JACK DONOVAN to "Pen- ter, 10th January, 1939. guin" and for Reserve Destroyers, 14th Novem- ber, 1938; ARTHUR G. SK1PWITH to "Cerber- Headmaster Lieutenant: WILLIAM S. EDGERTON, us" for passage to England for reversion to the M B E., to "Penguin," 10th January, 1939. Royal Navy, 15th February, 1939; ALAN C. Commissioned Telegraphist: BERTRAM HARDING MATHER to "Penguin" as Staff Officer (In- to "Cerberus" for duty at Navy Office. 9th Janu- telligence) to Captain-tn-Charge, Sydney, 11th ary, 1939. V.T.D. is still improving in strength and look- January, 1939; JAMES B. S. BAR WOOD to Commissioned Shipwright: .WILLIAM E. E. NICH- ing forward to the lime when the ratings will "Cerberus" for duty at Navy Office (temporar- OLSON to "Canberra," 21st January, 1939; be able to go to and from the Quay by Motor ily), 16th November, 1938;; ALEXANDER E. DUNCAN McLEOD, M.B.E., to "Penguin" and Cutter. FOWLER to "Cerberus," 28th November, 1938; for Reserve Ships, 28th January, 1939. JOHN A. WALSH to "Vampire" in Command. Schoolmaster (C.W.O.): RICHARD J. MATTHEWS 12th November, 1938; WILFRED H. HARRING- and ALLAN O. HURST to "Cerberus," 10th Jan- A Christmas Social was ueld at the Depot TON to "Cerberus" for R.A.N. College. 28th uary. 1939. on Saturday, 17th December, practically a hun- January. 1939; ALEXANDER M. WILKINSON Gunner: DOUGLAS A. HOLMES to "Cerberus" and to "Swan," 25th January. 1939; ALAN J. TRAV- dred people attending, and the night was a huge for Gunnery School, 21st December, 1938; JOHN IS to "Penguin" for "Kookaburra." 19th Janu- S. GODFREY to "Yarra." 12th December, 13S8. success. Captain Bell, Miss Susan Bell and ary, 1939; (G) WILLIAM F. H. C. RUTHER- Mr. Clifford Arnold, of Station 2UW, were the FORD to "Cerberus" for passage to England for Warrant Telegraphist: ARTHUR G. W, WINTER to "Penguin" for charge of W/T Station and guests of honour. Unfortunately our patron, reversion to the Royal Navy, 19th January, 1939; EDMUND H. C. CHAPMAN to "Cerberus" for Reserve Ships, and as Port W/T Officer, 5th Sir Thomas Gordon, was unable to attend, as for passage to England for reversion to the January, 1939. was also Mr. James, of Station 2UW; but we Royal Navy. 7th January, 1939. Schoolmaster: ROY F. COPLEY to "Canberra." 11th hope to see them both at some later function. Lieutenant: (G) COLIN C. MARTELL to "Cerberus" January, 1939. "CHRISTMAS CAMP" (Contd.) for passage to England for reversion to the Acting-Warrant Supply Officer: ANGUS B. GOD- Royal Navy, 19th January, 1939; (N) JACK FREY to '"Swan," 1st January, 1939. The complement of "Victory" Division wishes S. MESLEY to "Yarra," 29th November. 1938; The routine laid down before setting out for to thank all those people who have taken such (A/S) GEOFFREY S. CORLETT to "Vendetta," the camp was carried out almost without a a keen interest in their activities during the 19th January. 1939; (T) ERIC E. MAYO to hitch, and the camp was a credit to the Sea past year and hope that the improvements at "Cerberus and for Torpedo School, 13th Janu- ary, 1939; LINDSAY MACLIVER to "Sydney," Cadet Corps. the Depot have shown that "Victory" is really 19th January, 1939;

Cruise with "Voyager" in company Two cables (roughly 400 yards) astern of <£bmmonwcaIth Savings JBank of Hustralia the "Cleopatra" was the "Undaunted," follow- Melbourne 4th April 13th April IXL Products ed by the "Conquest" and "Penelope." The Western port 13th April enemy forces could scarcely have been a thous- 15th April H.JONES &CO Jervls Bay 19th April 28th April IXL JAMS and yards away and were rapidly approaching, Sydney 28th April so that there was but a few seconds in which to decide how to act. It was a tense, hair- IXL CANNED JOIN THE NAVY LEAGUE raising moment! Immediately after having H.M.A.8. "Voyager": FRUITS TERMS OF MEMBERSHIP : sighted the enemy, both the flagship and the Fellow £110 "Undaunted" opened a rapid independent fire at Sydney 6ch February IXL TOMATO per annum, with Journal post free. what was almost point-blank range, and very Jfervls Bay 6th February 13th February Member 10 6 shortly after this the flagship put her helm Hobart 17th February 18th March SAUCE Port Arthur 13th March 16th March per annum, with Journal post free. "hard-a-port" Scarcely a moment later two IXL BAKED Member 5 0 dark objects leapt out of space, as it were. per annum without Journal. One was singled out by the "Cleopatra," which BEANS Cruise with Hobart" SUBSCRIPTION FORM headed straight for it There was a loud, re- IXL SPAGHETTI D«e 193 sounding and sickening crash, the grinding of metal, the hiss of escaping steam, and sheets Melbourne 4th April 14th April Plain & Curried Please enrol my name as a Jervls Bay 19th April 28th April of flame—and the German torpedo-boat des- Sydney 28th April of the NAVY LEAGUE, N.S.W. Branch, for troyer (as she proved to be) had been cut IXL DICED which I enclose value clean in two. The "Undaunted" passed between FRUIT SALAD I t. d. the two halves, now rapidly sinking, and heard Name the poor wretches shouting and moaning, but Address the heavy sea soon swallowed them up and • AUSTRALIA'S BEST there was never a hope of a survivor, so swiftly For further information as to enrolling as a member ALL IXL PRODUCTS ARE of the League please communicate with the Sec had the unpremeditated work of destruction QUALITY PRODUCTS retary, Navy League, Royal Exchange, Put Street, taken place. Sydney. 'Phone B7808. (Contd. on Page 20) 18 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL January, 1939 19 "WITH THE HARWICH FORCE." (Contd.) down to see him. He was in a bad way and kept on moaning: "My bag! Uy bag!" At For all happy occasions, afloat It will be seen from this that events in a last we managed to get out of him that he was THE STAFF OF LIFE . . . night action between small craft happen so a King's Messenger, and his bag of despatches or ashore, the hostess can show fast that instant decision is necessary. was still in his cabin on board the "Copen- is a haben." Back we went; the vessel was still her individuality in the form afloat. The wind had freshened and it was STURDIER STAFF she serves . . . I remember on one occasion being sent out no weather for boats. Besides we had no de- to escort the s.s. "Copenhagen," coming from sire to try our luck too far by offering the the Hook of Holland to Harwich. We were enemy another sitting shot. The King's Mes- if spread with to pick her up in the middle of the North Sea. senger had managed to tell us the location of ARNOTT'S We found the "Copenhagen" all right — not his cabin and where the precious bag was stow- steaming for home at full speed, but abandon- ed, and with a young and active sub-lieutenant NORCO BUTTER ed with a large hole in No. 2 hold, and the ready on the forecastle we went alongside the CRISP SAO crew and passengers adrift in two lifeboats. "Copenhagen." It sounds simple enough, but in reality it was not; both vessels were knocking Be sure to ask for .. . It was a dull sort of day, blowing fairly fresh about in a nasty sea, and the only possible BISCUITS from the north-east, with a nastr chop on. The way to go alongside was forecastle to forecastle submarine which had torpedoed the "Copen- —and trust to the overhang of the bows to take the lightest and most desirable hagen" was bound to be hanging round wait- the bump and save the side from being holed. ing for a chance to get a shot in with his tor- base for savouries. Attractive, pedoes at any vessel coming to her assistance, but the occupants of the two lifeboats had With the sub-lieutenant ready for his jump, too, with ham, paste, fresh or to be picked up, and it was our job to take we steamed up alongside, and when the two stewed fruit and a simple epi- risks, so we stopped alongside one of the boats vessels rolled together with a crash, the young- curean delight with butter and and started to get the survivors out. This ster managed to get on board. We backed "THE BUTTER OF PERFECTION" took longer than it should have done, as it was clear, and raced round the sinking ship at full cheese. was very cold, and the men were feeling the speed, expecting to see the track of a torpedo effects of the exposure in the boats. at any minute. But luck was with us, or per- haps the enemy had gone off. We were not fired During this operation a sharp lookout was at. To repeat the evolution and take off the kept for a periscope, by means of which the sub-lieutenant, complete with bag, was only the enemy submarine could have a good sitting shot work of a few moments, and, leaving the at us—and he did. As the last survivor was "Copenhagen" at the mercy of the sea, we Recent Passenger Liners being pulled on board, a yell from the signal- started off for home. man: "Torpedo, sir!" Too late to do anything. With Babcoek Boilers: The white streak in the water, the wake of the GLOBEX The King's Messenger died from his injuries "Strathallan" torpedo, was barely 200 yards off, and the tor- "Strathmore" pedo itself a couple of hundred feet ahead of on the way home, poor chap, but lived long (BEEF EXTRACT) "Stratheden" that. Only a few seconds to wait for the result enough to learn that his despatches had not of the shot, but they seemed ages. Our luck fallen into enemy hands. "Orion" was in. The torpedo passed right under "Orcades" the bridge. How much it missed us by we shall (From "Rrvirllr") never know; but the main thing was that it had With Babcock-Johnson Boilers: missed us. "Arundel Castle" "Windsor Castle" Full speed ahead down the wake of the tor- "Andes" pedo, and dropped a couple of depth charges All above vessels are oil-fired. without any visible result. REMEMBER OUR ADVERTISERS! It was no use trying to tow the "Copen- We ask you to keep in mind the firms With Babcock Boilers & Babcock- advertising their products in the Journal. For appetising flavour. strength - building hagen," as the submarine would have sunk us nourishment and economy in use . . . you Erith Marine Strokers: both in a very short time, so, having signalled These are the people whose co-operation can't beat GLOBEX. It contains the full Two new mail steamers for the British has made the production of your magazine for a tug, we started for home. strength and concentrated essence of the India S.N. Co. Ltd. possible, and you will do both the Journal primest beef and it is made in a second. Asking after the condition of the "Copen- and the Navy League a service by consult- Try it for soups, gravies, nourishing beef tea hagen's" crew, I was told that they were all ing them for your various requirements. and it makes really delicious sandwiches . . . Babcock & Wilcox Limited And, In doing so please mention— right except for one man who had been badly but spread it thinly. Incorporated in England • "THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL" injured, having fallen between the lifeboat and Australian Head Office and Works: the ship when abandoning the latter. I went Obtainable from all Chemists and Stores in I, 2, 4 and 8 ox. jars or 4 and 8 oz. containers. REGENT'S PARK, N.S.W. 20 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL CHAPMAN Motor Launches and Engines hold pride of place in aquatics. They are used by 99% of the Launch "Hire Drive-Yourself" services throughout Australia. The Launch illustrated above is a 16ft. CHAPMAN WONDER LAUNCH fitted with the famous CHAPMAN "MASTER - PUP" Motor, the popular size. We carry in stock a complete range of launches from 12 to 20tt. in open, half-cabin and coach-house types. Remember the two epic ocean trips of the famous 16-foot motor boat "Pup," from Sydney down the N.S.W. and Victorian coasts, then across Bass Strait to Tasmania, eventually almost circumnavigating that State. Voyage number two was from Sydney, to and beyond the top peak of Australia; all under the power of a CHAPMAN h.p. engine. After these two voyages, both boat and engine were in excellent condition and further trips of hundreds of miles have since been done. Never has any other make of engine or boat of these sizes accomplished such remarkable feats. Also engines from to 10 h.p. operating on petrol, and the new 10 h.p. Diesel Engine. Our new pay-as-you-go policy enables you to secure one of these fine launches for £5, paying off the balance at a mere few shillings per week. CHAPMAN & SHERACK

ENGINE MANUFACTURERS AND LAUNCH BUILDERS

CLARA STREET, ERSKINEVILLE, N.S.W. City Showroom : 70 Oxford Street, Sydney

Printed by Barrymore Press, 156 Castlereagh St. MA 2324. FEBRUARY N.S.W. REGULAR SAILINGS by luxury passenger liners TRAVEL to:

Melbourne INTER S TAT E Adelaide SEA Western Australia B Y Brisbane Mackay Townsville Cairns

CRUISES

To Melbourne. Burnle and Devonport (Tas- mania). Sydney, Bris- bane and return to Sydney by S.S. "Ormis- THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL FULL PARTICULARS FROM ton," leaving Sydney 27th February. and The Adelaide S.S. Co.. Ltd.. 22 Bridge Street BW 2911 fortnightly thereafter. The Official Organ of the Navy League, N.S.W Branch A.U.S.N. Co.. Ltd.. 247 George Street B 7511 Royal Exchange, 54a Pitt Street, Sydney. B7803 Howard Smith. Ltd.. 269 George Street B 7611 To South Sea Islands — Huddart. Parker. Ltd.. 10 Bridge Street BW 1441 Easter Cruise by s.s. Mcllwreith, McEacharn. Ltd.. 19 Bridge Street BW 1047 " Katoomba " leaving Melbourne S.S. Co.. Ltd.. I Barrack Street BW 1803 Sydney — 8th April, 1939. Vol. 2—No. 2 (New Series) Sydney, February, 1939 Price 6d. (Offices also at Newcastle) BY SEA IS BEST! M empire: founded on TOE SEA

No more fitting Editorial could be presented ors like Sir Francis Drake, Sir Richard Gren- in the "Navy League Journal" than a reprint in ville, Lord Jellicoe, Lord Beatty, and, above all, full of the stirring speech made by Admiral by Lord Nelson, whose statue dominates this MILD Evans on Trafalgar Day, October 23rd, 1938, gathering to-day in the square that commemora- at the Grand Parade of Navy League Sea Cadets tes the greatest of Britain's sea battles— in Trafalgar Square, London. In himself Admiral Trafalgar. Evans needs no introduction to the New South CAPSTANS IN THE Wales Branch of the Navy League. The League What you boys must never forget is that our has many pleasant recollections of happy as- Empire was founded on the sea, that it still de- sociations with Admiral Evans during his period pends on the sea, upon its Navy, and upon its of service in Australia. glorious Mercantile Marine. The ocean high- ways are our life-blood, and if ever we allow PACKET We give the speech in its entirety:— ourselves to lose command or right of way at "Navy League Sea Cadets, sea, then our British Commonwealth of Nations is doomed. When Lord Lloyd, the President of the Navy League, invited me to carry out this in- spection, I wrote back and said that I should Those of you who take up the sea as a pro- time for a be honoured and delighted because the Sea Cadet fession will do more for England, and that means movement is one that should appeal to every the Empire, than all the stay-at-homes who take boy in Britain, and it certainly appeals to me. no part in the National life, or those who don't e c l "play for the side." We have a heritage as sea-fighters and sea- CAPSTAN mEd;;M^ adventurers, handed down to us by great sail- (Continued on Page 17) m al •• Av • • A A wi full strength8851-3- 8 February, 1939 1 KINDLY REMEMBER OUR ADVERTISERS ANNIVERSARY REGATTA have arisen as to the Navy League's capability "RAISE STEAM WITH of handling boats under sail. ALL DESPATCH" By the time this event was started a fresh, The Corps' Flotilla in Action! steady north-easterly wind was blowing, provid- (By Captain M. B. R. Blackwood, D.S.O., R.N. (Ret.) ing an ideal medium for a good race. The course was from a line between the starter's boat and Lady Macquarie's Chair, down the "Was that a whistle ?" He snuggled down into his blankets again. He Harbour to Watson's Bay Pile Light, and return, The sleeper sat up in his bunk, switched on had forty minutes' grace. In thirty of these finishing across a line between the gunboat and the light, and looked at his watch. One a.m. precious minutes he would be shivering on the Anniversary Regatta, 1939, held on Monday, M.V. "Port Fairy," the flagship. bridge of a destroyer of the Harwich Force, January 30th was the finest day for that event Yes. There it went again, a succession of waiting for the order to slip and "proceed to sea." ever seen by the writer. shorts. The general call in the Morse code. He lay in his blankets listening to the police There is only one word to describe the sail- Swearing softly to himself, he pressed the bell whistles blowing furiously all round him. With ing of this race—that is, "splendid." The boats push at the head of his bunk and heard the faint only two signalmen allowed to destroyers by Starting off cloudy and cool, with a complete were handled by all officers and crews com- answering ring of an electric bell forward in complement, it was impossible to have a man calm which lasted until about 11 a.m., the row- peting with consummate skill, keeping the margin the ship, followed by the clatter of the quarter- continually on watch; so a division of four boats ing course over which Navy League events were of safety well in view. The writer, who has master's heavy boots on the iron deck. He could would split the night up between them—the contested was ideal. The water was smooth, seen many such races involving boats of Service tell how the wearer of the boots progressed aft signalman on duty at the time rousing his mates and the boats had only to row against the second pattern and rig, has never seen boats handled by long practice. The footsteps suddenly muflled by piercing blasts on a police whistle. hour of the flood tide. The rowing events, both better, and rarely as well. —off the iron deck and on to the matting. Closer senior and junior, were started by the Senior they came, stopping at the hatch labelled "That's a 'Q.O.' all right," he thought. Officer of the Navy League Sea Cadet Corps, "Captain", which was his. He was right Captain Maurice Blackwood, D.S.O., R.N., and Here a tribute must be paid to the fine sailing "Sir!" the wearer of the boots shouted. "Q.O." was, and perhaps still is, a two-flag judged on the flagship by Captain Alan Hill, qualities of the two new whalers built by signal used in the navy meaning—"Raise steam Secretary of the Navy League, and Inspecting Pritchard Brothers, of Neutral Bay. In this their "Is the signalman up" with all despatch." Officer, Navy League Sea Cadet Corps. first appearance in contests, they proved beyond "Yes, sir!" all doubt that as sailing and pulling craft they "All right." "That's a 'Q.O.' all right." are unsurpassable by any in the League. How well he knew all the preliminaries atten- The first event, the Junior Pulling Handicap, Pritchard's boats took first place in two events dant to this unpleasant night alarm. proved that Woolwich, the League's "dark horse" and second place in a third. This, one would had, under the guidance of Mr. Chris Tottman, imagine, speaks for itself. ANNIVERSARY REGATTA Thump! Thump! Thump! their Officer in Charge, been putting in some excellent training work at their quarters on the RESULTS:— That was the signalman's sea boots coming down the bridge ladder. river. This was displayed in no undecided man- To the winners and losers alike we extend the Junior Pulling Handicap ner in the Junior Pulling Handicap when Wool- Journal's heartiest congratulations. All boats Woolwich whaler 1st Heard him shout "Q.O." down the mess-deck wich whaler, keeping a good steady stroke with cannot win, but all crews, winners and runners North Sydney whaler 2nd hatch. double banked oars, swung past the gunboat to up alike, did their best to put their craft over Woolwich skiff dinghy 3rd win by 6 lengths from North Sydney and 6} Bang! Bang! along the iron deck to the en- the line ahead of the other fellow's, and ex- Six lengths between 1st and 2nd, and } gineers' quarters. lengths from Woolwich skiff dinghy. In the hibited that element of sportsmanship which length between 2nd and 3rd. Senior Pulling event, Mr. Smith, O.C. "Victory" is so necessary in the League, and for which Heard him yell, "Q.O., chief!" down their Training Depot, pulled his handicap up splen- (we feel confident in saying) the Navy League Senior Pulling Handicap hatch. didly, and nursing his boat in a very skilful Sea Cadet Corps is noted. North Sydney whaler 1st The same down the officers' quarters, and manner, cut Mr. Tottman's craft out of first Woolwich whaler 2nd finally a huge pair of sea boots clambering down place in what was one of the most thrillingly Birchgrove gig 3rd his own ladder and the tired face of the lead- fought out pulling events of the day. Half a To sum the whole Anniversary Regatta, 1939, Half length between 1st and 2nd, and 3 ing signalman (and his very good friend). length separated the winners, three between lengths between 2nd and 3rd. second and third, and one quarter of a length up, it was definitely a "day out" for the Navy "Raise steam with all despatch, sir!"—fol- between fourth and fifth, were the judge's plac- League Sea Cadet Corps, and for the Officers Sailing Handicap lowed by details of organisations the flotilla was to assume. ings. who so unselfishly gave their time in the train- Woolwich whaler 1st ing of the various crews. North Sydney whaler 2nd "All right, Collins. What's the weather like?" North Sydney (No. 3) whaler 3rd "Very cold, sir. Just starting to snow." The Sailing Handicap for Navy League boats (Continued at bottom of next column) Won by 7 minutes, with 3 minutes between of Service pattern settled any doubts that might 2nd and 3rd. (Continued on Page 4)

Febrvvy, 1939 2 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL 3 "RAISE STEAM WITH ALL DESPATCH" The Sub. stowed his burden in a wooden box (Contd.) heavily weighted with lead, and told the quarter- KODAK master to take it up on to the bridge. The signalman turned and climbed wearily up "Did you put in envelope 'X,' Sub ?." asked the PHOTOGRAPHY the ladder. He had just had four hours in his captain. hammock after two days at sea, mostly on the The best hobby of all bridge, and he wasn't looking forward to a "Yes, sir, but I haven't had a chance to put repetition so soon—but "e'est la guerre," though that new minefield on the chart. I'll put it on Affords a delightful occupation for every he didn't put it quite that way. going down the harbour." spare moment — also plays a valuable The foregoing is an attempt to describe the The captain looked at his watch. Ten minu- part in any other hobby, because Kodak ses to go. pictures form the most satisfactory of all happenings on board a destroyer of the Harwich records. Force at 1 a.m. on a January morning in the "Come on, you fellows—now for another Ger- winter of 1916-17. Boa Brownies, from 7/6 man victory with no trouble to them." Jiffy Kodak (ilium.) 39/9 The force at that time consisted of from four He clambered up the hatch, having a struggle Ship by Patrick Steamers ... Load with KODAK FILM. to six light cruisers and from thirty to to get through by reason of his girth, so bloated Ship by Patrick Steamers and be sure of forty destroyers, the numbers of both classes was he in his bad-weather kit. He climbed th* most careful handling of fragile cargo. Mad* in Australia — always of vessels depending on our casualties at sea, slowly on to the bridge, a platform 15 feet long Prompt and safe delivery is assured. Marl fmh and dependable. collisions, accidents, striking mines, etc. It had and perhaps 9 feet wide, with just room to pass your orders "Ship per Patrick Steamer" and get all the advantages of Patrick been a bad winter so far, continually at sea in between the wheel and binnacle and engine- service. Of all Kodak Dealers and . . . all sorts of weather. If by chance one struck a room telegraphs. It was in pitch darkness ex- KODAK (Australasia) fine day when it wasn't blowing half-a-gale from cept for the reflection of a few lights on deck JAMES PATRICK & CO. PTY. LTD. somewhere, the certainty of a pea-soup fog to i"ar below. He sensed rather than saw the follow robbed the fine weather of its pleasant- shapeless figure of the coxswain turning the PTY. LTD. 37* George Street, Sydney •pokes of the wheel to "hard over" each way. SCOTTISH HOUSE. BRIDGE STREET, SYDNEY And at Newcastle "Oh! well—it's got to be faced, I suppose." "All right, Simpson?" Telephone: IW4IBI (4 lines) He kicked off his blankets, shivering as his bare "All right, sir." feet felt the cold chill of the iron deck. "But we're better off than the poor devils in the "Try the compass light" BIRT & COMPANY trenches." The cox'n found a switch, and a faint glow INSURE WITH . .. He dressed quickly, climbed as a matter of illuminated the compass card and his own figure. [PTY.] LIMITED course into his oilskins (still damp from their The captain walked three steps to the side of MERCANTILE MUTUAL the bridge and looked round him. In two long 4 BRIDGE STREET, SYDNEY, N.S.W. last spell on the bridge), and felt rather than saw his way to the wardroom. lines stretching past Parkeston Quay, perhaps Insurance Co. Ltd. P.O. BOX 544 B., G.P.O. a mile up the Stour, were dim shapes illuminated "Have some cocoa, sir?" (This from the sub- by isolated points of light; farther seaward the AN AUSTRALIAN INSURANCE COMPANY Alio at Established 1878 64 EAGLE STREET. BRISBANE lieutenant, a youngster of about 20, whose light cruisers were indicated by largely grey MUSGRAVE COLD STORES, MUSGRAVE death in the "Ariel" a few months later robbed shapes and more lights. Over all hung a thin WHARF, SOUTH BRISBANE. the navy of a fine officer). pall of smoke caused by the force hurriedly FIRE, ACCIDENT, MOTOR CAR raising steam. Householders and Homeowners' Comprehensive Shipping and General A gents He took a cup of cocoa from the sleepy steward. "I wonder what we are up to this time?" he (Combined) Insurance Agent* in Australia for: The first lieutenant came on the bridge. Federal-Branch Service "Get the books out, Sub.," he said, throwing Federal Steam Navigation Co. Ltd., London him a bunch of keys. BE PATRIOTIC The New Zealand Shipping Co. Ltd., London "All ready, sir. "Challenge" and "Reply" are thought. "Belgian coast, I suppose." Insure Australian Property in an Australian American end Australian Line, New York The youngster vanished, to return in a few Osaka Syoten Kaisya on the signal board." Swedish Australia Lin* momenta with his arm full of signal books— Insurance Company Swadish-Pacific Australia Direct Lin* codes of all sorts; various documents varying He was followed by the gunner, who reported Auitrallnd S.S. Co. Ltd., London from the deployment of the Grand Fleet to de- all guns and torpedoes ready. Montreal Australia N*w Zealand Lin* Ltd. tailed instructions for the conservation of mess- Two minutes of the forty had still to elapse. Head Office : Pacific Islands Transport Lin* deck scraps for pig food. It seemed that every The chief engineer reported, "All ready be- day brought new orders, which all called for low." 117 Pin STREET s: SYDNEY Cargo "nd Passenger Services to United Kingdom. Conti- returns to be rendered, usually weekly, if not nental. U.SA., Pacific and Eastern Ports. Full particulars KELSO KING, Managing Director furnished on application. daily. (Continued on Page 5) (Continued overleaf) February, 1939 4 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL S ••RAISE STEAM WITH ALL DESPATCH" A shaded light flickered ahead. (Contd.) "Twenty knots, sir," said the signalman. "Darken ship," sang out the first lieutenant. "Six hundred revolutions," ordered the cap- Visit the Orient ... All lights went out except the pencil point tain. Cockatoo Docks & illuminating the mahogany features of the cox- The seaman at the revolution telegraph wound swain at the wheel. for Glamour, Romance, Charm the handle round till 600 was showing opposite Engineering Co. Pty. Ltd. "I shan't want you, Sub.," said the skipper. the pointer. The ship quickly picked up her "Go down and put that minefield on the chart." speed. The vibrations in the long black hull A-O Line gives you the last word in comfort and "Signal to slip, sir!" said the signalman. became more pronounced, the whine of the tur- Contractors to . . . interest on a holiday trip to the East. Monthly "Executive, sir." bines sharper. The spray and light driving snow sailings by the British Steamer-. "CHANGTE" and stung their faces harder. A light-vessel show- H.M. AUSTRALIAN NAVY The destroyers were moored to buoys with just "TAIPING" provide excellent accommodation, ing a very subdued light loomed up. The Sunk room for the ships to swing round without foul- light-vessel. The shaded light ahead started Ship-builders, Marine & General Engineers both First and Second Class, and also Private ing each other, and when swung to the ebb tide blinking again. Suites. See Australia's showground of marine life; would be pointed inland instead of to seaward. the Barrier Reef and Thursday Island on the way In the very limited room available for "Course N.E., 25 knots, sir!" Inquiries invited to HONG KONG, CHINA. JAPAN and the manoeuvring in a strong tideway, it was some- "My word!" thought our friend, "someone in PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. times difficult to turn the necessary 180 degrees a hurry." without fouling either a buoy or the numerous oiltankers and other craft at various moorings With the first glimmerings of dawn the squad- COCKATOO ISLAND in the harbour. Add to this a pitch dark night ron was formed on a line bearing N.W. and S.E., with an occasional flurry of snow, and an un- or at right angles to their course during the SYDNEY pleasant picture is complete. night. Envelope "X" was to be opened at 7 a.m. Its contents weren't very interesting. A routine First Class There were orders laid down as to the sequence Phone: W 1941 (10 lines) in which the ships were to leave harbour. This search, that was all. Return Far* to Japan £90 was all right in theory. In practice the golfer's A wind had risen with the sun. It was blowing motto of "Never up, never in" guided our move- Return Fare to Hong Kong £7fc the best part of a gale. The squadron had re- ments. Every man for himself. duced to 15 knots, and even at that com- (NO EXCHANGE) As luck would have it the ships were pwung paratively slow speed was making heavy • the wrong way, full ahead one engine and full v.e ther cf it. The dirty, greyish-brown water astern the other. Still hanging on to his moor- of the Broad Pourteens off the Dutch coast was ing buoy, the captain bucked his ship round whipped into a short heavy sea. against the current. He had 27,000 horsepower The light cruisers were worse off than the Obtain full particulars, itinerary, etc. available, and he wanted it all to get the ship round. But she was round at last. shorter and lighter destroy 3—these did lift a little to the seas, but the cruisers were burying from "Slip! Half-speed ahead both." themselves. No chance of keeping an efficient With a destroyer each side of his, so close look-out. Everything, including binoculars, wet that damage to somebody seemed inevitable, he through. The lash of the icy spray was blind- streaked off for the harbour entrance. ing. A quick look over the top of the bridge A-O. LINE "Well up in the hunt this time," he thought. didger, and then duck, was the best one could manage in the circumstances. (Incorporated in Hong Kong) Round the Beach end buoy at 15 knots. Only two boats abreast now. The third's nerve had An unusually heavy lunge had shifted the failed, and he had dropped back. A faint, almost captain's hand-hold on the bridge rail, and as he G. S. YUILL & CO. PTY. LTD. imperceptible glow on a white patch of water a slithered along the bridge to leeward he felt (Managing Agents) short distance ahead of them was the stern light a dull thump. Scrambling back to his station of on» of the cruisers. again, a cloud of smoke on his port beam hid h;s "Can you see the "Arethusa?" he asked the r.ext number in the line from him. 6 Bridge Street, Sydney torpedo coxswain. "Hard a starboard. Full ahead both!" "Yes, sir!" "Well, follow her. Sing out at once if you lose The ship jumped ahead to the increased re- her." volutions of the engines. A heavy sea hit the (Continued on Page 7) (Continued overleaf) 6 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL February, 1939 7 "RAISE STEAM WITH ALL DESPATCH" "Had the "Lark" been torpedoed or mined?" If the latter, there would surely be some more bridge, a crash, and a mountain of water seemed mines about; and, if an enemy submarine had to fall on them. Gasping for breath, the captain been responsible for the damage, wouldn't he and helmsman looked round for their two com- come back for another shot ? No good worrying. panions, and were relieved to find them still With two divisions of destroyers as escort, the there. The bridge rails had been laid fiat by tow struggled slowly across the North Sea. The that sea. wind dropped, and at the Sunk light-vessel two dockyard tugs took charge of the cripple. The captain clawed his way to the telegraphs. "Half speed both." Tired—cold—miserable. He was glad to see the last of the "Lark." Her captain had been Another plunge and another cascade of water a great friend of his. They had passed out of over them, but they held on grimly. the training ship together, and then hadn't seen Half-a-mile ahead was all that was left of the each other for years till the fortune of war "Lark." The mine or torpedo, whichever it was, brought them together again in the Harwich had done its work well. There was some of the Force. "Lark" left, but not much. The ship stopped As he steamed slowly up, the harbour even short at the bridge. The fore-end simply vvasn't a signal from the "Arethusa"—"Manoeuvre well there. The bridge itself was just a tangled heap executed"—did not cheer him up. He wondered of wreckage. A few men lined along the upper if the sweep had been worth while. They were deck, perhaps twenty of them. Where were the already short of destroyers, and now the "Lark" rest of the 90 who composed her complement? would be laid up for a couple of months. Lives Must have all been caught on the forward mess- lost, say 60. Damage to enemy—nil. decks having breakfast. He wondered if the sweep had been worth The wreck was lying beam on to the seas, while. Secured alongside the parent ship; "Rinr; every other one sweeping over her. The sur- eff the engines, Sub. I told you it would be t. vivors were hanging grimly to the rails and German victory." stanchions. ("REVEILLE") "I'm going to take her in tow. Hard over the helm, co::swain, and come up close under her stern." "Hold on, everybody!" LARS HALVORSEN As the destroyer turned away from the wind SONS PTY. LIMITED to get into position for her attempt to pass a line, her whole after-end was swept by a savage Designers and Builders of Cruisers and sea. Fortunately the few men on deck knew what to expect, and nobody was washed over- Commercial Craft. board. Round head to wind again; things were better, in spite of having no protection on the bridge. Passing close under the "Lark's" stern a line was thrown, caught, bent to a heavier one. That in turn was made fast to the towing DISTRIBUTORS FOR MORRIS MARINE wires which were always ready. ENGINES. Then came the battle with the elements. The "Lark," lying in the trough of the sea, had to te dragged round stern on to wind and waves. If too much power was used by the towing vessel the wire rope would part. Too little power NEUTRAL BAY and the "Lark" wouldn't budge, simply wallow in SYDNEY the trough. A nice problem in seamanship. The towing wire fast, engines were put to half- speed ahead. The revolutions gradually worked Phones: XA1705. XA1737 up till the tow was stem to wind. Course was shaped for Harwich.

8 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL i

to the door, and, after knocking, said to the C.O. 0, happy band of pilgrims "SIGNALS" "Telegram for you, sir, at the main steps." Now, Look upward to the skies, the main steps were many miles away, down the When such a light affliction SOME HUMOROUS INCIDENTS harbour in Devonport, and telegrams passed Shall win so great a prize. from there to Saltash by signal had to come Signals between ships have been in use ever B., of the (both officers ardent students via several repeating ships. The C.O., thinking since squadrons or divisions of vessels have acted of Shakespeare)—"Macbeth, Act n., Scene 1, line in a somnolent way, it was merely a wire from Another war signal which the writer can vouch in unison. In early days these consisted of 48." one of the ship's company requesting an ex- for was made under rather dramatic conditions. flags by day and guns or lights by night, but it tension of leave, replied, "All right : open and The gentleman (let him be called Brown) respon- was not until the dawn of the 19th century that On receipt of this Commander B. at once sible for this particular effort was a "dug-out," turned up his copy of Shakespeare, and in the signal contents." Then he closed his eyes and a complete naval code, such as that in use at the subsided into the depths of his armchair. that is to say he had been retired from the battle of Trafalgar, came into common use. The place mentioned read : "It is the bloody business service several years before war broke out. To which informs thus to mine eyes." Not to be writer does not purpose in this article to discuss be brief, he found himself one summer's morn outdone, he replied:—"Tempest, Act I., Scene 1, either the origin or evolution of signals between About an hour later, when the wardroom in command of a "Q boat" or mystery-ship, as ahira at sea, but to give a few examples of last four lines." Commander A., referring to this read : "Now would I give a thousand fur- Steward was laying out the afternoon tea, the the public termed them, not very far from the signals which have come under his notice during signalman returned, pad in hand. "Contents of Isle of Wight. A German submarine was play- j ears spent afloat, and commended themselves longs of sea for an acre of barren ground, long heath, brown furze, anything. The wills above telegram, sir," he said. "Right, oh," yawned the fully throwing four-inch shells at this vessel either by their humour or the appositeness of skipper, "read 'em out." The signalman, with a from a range of about 1,500 yards and gradually their wording. be done, but I would fain die a dry death." face as emotionless as a seaboot, "Read 'em out closing in. The usual performance of abandon- One of the wittiest and aptest retorts by signal thus :— ing ship, too well-known by now, was gone Perhaps a few words would not be in- that ever came within the writer's knowledge through, and just when it looked to Brown as appropriate concerning that most famous of all happened thus:—Two destroyer captains were though Fritz was about to be lured within certain "To Commander C., H.M.S. , Received signals, that of Nelson to the officers and men keen rivals in the smartness and appearance of destructive range of his masked guns, he ob- your letter and bangle, you perfect darling. I of his fleet as they stood at their stations ere their respective ships and their crews. Neither served a trawler approaching fast. He knew ever neglected an occasion of pulling the leg of treasure them both. I will be there, and mind the battle was opened at Trafalgar. Lieut. John that once the submarine spotted her she would Pascoe, R.N., was the officer in charge of signals the other whenever the opportunity occurred. you don't keep me waiting. Your Norah." One morning in pre-war days they were not remain on the surface very long. Inwardly on the Victory on that historic occasion. Lieut. cursing the trawler and all aboard her, and Pasco went to Lord Nelson, who, after ordering despatched in company from Malta to Gibraltn. As they cleared Valetta Harbour, X., who in Considering that the signalman was as well quite unable to tell her to clear out in view of certain signals to be made, said, "Mr. Pasco, I the fact that the entire ship's company was wish to say to the fleet—'England confides that virtue cf being senior officer by a few days, was aware as myself that the skipper was a married supposed to be in the boats, he held his breath every man will do his duty.' " Pasco replied, "If leading the way, observed a rope trailing in the man with a couple of youngsters, and that his your Lordship will permit me to substitute 'ex- water on the port side of Z's ship. He then made wife's name did not even remotely resemble hoping against hope that Fritz would get suffi- pects' for 'confides,' the signal will soon be com- this signal by semaphore: "What is that you Norah, the lack of emotion in his face or voice ciently close for him to make certain of sinking pleted, because the word 'expects' is in the have towing from your port side?" On receipt was truly commendable. The skipper, after he her before he observed the trawler. But Brown's vocabulary and 'confides' must be spelt. "His of this signal Z. looked over the side of the had recovered from the shock, said : "Er, signal- luck was out, for a few seconds later Fritz saw Lordship," records Pasco, "replied in haste, bridge, and saw the offending piece of rope (no man, there is no need to enter that in the signal the trawler and forthwith began to dive. Full and with seeming satisfaction—'That will do, small offence when a ship is leaving harboui >. log." "Very good, sir," quoth the stolid man of of fury Brown opened fire with every available and promptly replied in these words : "My firnt Pasco, make it directly.' " flags, but there was nothing said about the yarn gun at the fast-disappearing Fritz, but alas, be- lieutenant's reputation." he would spin the lower-deck when he went off fore the range could be found the elusive sub- Although the following story does not actually duty. marine was well beneath the waves. Frantic One winter's eve, a particularly wet and dirty come under the heading of signals, I have intro- with the loss of his prey Brown sent the follow- one in 1911, the writer was navigator of a ing en clair wireless to the approaching trawler : duced it here as evidencing the danger of having During the war, one of the most apposite of destroyer which was returning to the welcome telegrams opened and their contents signalled aT shelter of Portland after an arduous day's ex- signals was made by a Rear-Admiral command- "Clear to out of it; you've up the a quicker means of delivering than the usual whole performance." ercise with a couple of battle squadrons. We method. ing a cruiser squadron, which one Sabbath morn were in company with the entire 4th Flotilla, was out scouring the middle portions of the some 24 boats in all, and most of us, no doubt, One bitterly cold afternoon in the winter of North Sea. A Zeppelin was sighted just about The sequel occurred a week later, when Brown, were looking forward to a pleasant evening in 1910, the writer and his C.O.—who, by the way, the time when those of the ship's companies returning to Portsmouth, made his report to the Weymouth. When about five miles distant from is very well-known in Sydney society circles, as not actually on duty would be assembled for Admiral commanding that place. He was greeted Portland breakwator the officer commanding the much by his gypsy-like charm as by his amazing prayers. A lucky shot brought the Zep. down pleasantly and, after making his report was Flotilla made a general signal for the Flotilla to Chilian attire when on shore—were toasting in flames, and after the survivors had been picked about to retire, when the Admiral exclaimed, turn 16 points (i.e., about turn) and proceed to their feet in front of the wardroom stove. Their up the Rear-Admiral made the following general "Oh, by the way, Brown, are your sig.ia a a rendezvous 30 miles to the eastward, and there ship at the time was lying at Saltash giving signal : "Ships' companies will now sing verse usually couched in these er—lurid terms?" with to carry out night manoeuvres. Commander A., Christmas leaves. By-the-bye a s'gnalman came , hymn ," And accordingly the church which gently remonstrative query the Admiral of the , on being informed of this, (Continued on Page 12) then made the following signal to Commander (Continued on next page) parades sang :— February, 1939 10 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL 11 GRACE DARLING - HEROINE

Even now, a century after the event, it is A Nightmare Journey impossible to read without a thrill the story of superb courage which lifted Grace Darling to The survivors on the Harcars, lashed by a the front rank of national heroines. fierce wind and torrential rain, clung desperately to the battered wreck, but when a rising tide When on the stormy morning of September 7, began to crash down on them, literally tearing 1838, the "," one of the first of the their clothes away, their hopes sank to zero. much vaunted early "luxury steamers" for pas- Not far away the Longstone lighthouse reared sengers, bound from Hull to Dundee with sixty- its tower, seemingly mocking them with its three persons on board, struck the Harcars Rock promise of security. And, as it happened, from in the Fame Island, overwhelming and complete that very lighthouse their plight had been tragedy seemed certain. observed. The "Forfarshire" parted amidships, and half Grace Darling, the daughter of the lighthouse the ill-fated vessel was lifted on the Harcars and keeper, William Darling, tired after half a night's wedged firmly between the rocks. exhausting toil in securing their property from the ravages of a hungry sea, took a look across In fifteen minutes forty-three lives were lost the tumbling waters, and saw the wreck. The starboard-quarter boat, with the first mate, the engineer, five of the crew and a cabin passen- Immediately all thought of rest vanished. ger, had a miraculous escape, being caught by Precious human lives were in peril, and there a strong current and whirled through the raging was rescue to be attempted. The condi- waters of Piper's Gut to the outer sea, where tions at this time were appalling. Darling had it was picked up by a Montrose sloop. (Continued on Page 14)

JOIN THE NAVY LEAGUE TERMS OF MEMBERSHIP : Fellow, £1/1/-; Member, 10/6 per annum, with Journal post free. Member, 5/- per annum, without Journal. SUBSCRIPTION FORM Date 193 Please enrol my name as a of the

(Block by courtesy "Sydney Bulletin") NAVY LEAGUE, N.S.W. Branch, for which I enclose 'To the devil uith you. Prendergast, and your snoring!" value £ : s. d. Name "SIGNALS" handed Brown a copy of his own recently- called upon to make signals of a similar nature Address despatched wireless signal to the trawler. Brown, in the future he should endeavour to be rather looking somewhat abashed, started to explain, less picturesque in his choice of adjectives, "For, but was cut short by the Admiral, who under- owing to the war," the Admiral concluded, smil- stood the situation just as well as Brown did, ing deprecatingly at Brown, "many of my clerks and sympathised with him accordingly, but at in the signals' office now wear skirts instead of For further information as to enrolling as a member of the League, please the same time he suggested to Brown that if trousers ! " communicate with the Secretary, Navv League, Royal Exchange, Pitt Street, Sydney. 'Phone: B 7808. 12 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL 1February , 1939 13 "matlows," also of French derivation, "matelot," "GRACE DARLING" (Contd.) Unspoilt by Praise "The Lazy Helmsman" while they irreverently dubbed the senior ser- only to glance across the surging waves to under- In addition, £725 was raised by public sub vice, "John Andrew Miller," why, only they stand the frightful risks that would have to be scription, and the Duke of Northumberland be- (By H. R. Hodding) could tell you. Our present personnel of the encountered. His chief concern was for his came Grace's guardian and friend. Fleet, although perhaps more mechanics than daughter, neither a robust nor very muscular Poets like Wordsworth and Swinburne be- In the days of the old "wooden walls," every sailormen, are of the same fighting spirit as of girl, yet called upon to do man's work. lauded Grace : artists painted her portrait; a A.B. rating had to take his trick at the wheel, old, and have the same kind hearts beating beneath their rough exterior. They still are, and But Grace's spirit was unconquerable. Where panorama and a play helped to spread her fame. sometimes under the experienced eye of a always will be, our "Merry little lads in navy her father saw the gravest danger she saw grizzled old Quartermaster, who did nothing Born at Bamborough on November 24, 1815, blue." God bless 'em! merely the plain course of duty, and so the pair she had all her life been accustomed to soli- but con the compass sedulously, and sometimes set out for the wreck in their coble. They were tudes. Until she was ten her home was on the under the less experienced eye of a little Middy compelled to follow a course which considerably Browr.sman, one of the largest of the group of as on the occasion of which I write. lengthened the distance to be traversed; yet, half islands, and here with a Newfoundland dog as blinded by the rain, soaked to the skin, and pet, and study of the birds and seals that fre- The ship was a frigate, the steering gear tense with anxiety they pulled through the bitter quented the spot as her favourite diversion, the oeing under the break of the poop. The frigate REMEMBER OUR ADVERTISERS 1 cold, battling first with tremendous swells, then was about the middle of the Western Ocean, years passed happily enough. We ask you to keep In mind the firms with treacherous currents, and needing always Removal to the Longstone meant only a outward bound for the North American station, advertising their products in the Journal. to keep alert watch for sunken rocks. change to more comfortable housing conditions. the season winter, and bitterly cold. The These are the people whose co-operation For both islands food and water had to be "world's worst" helmsman was at the wheel, has made the production of your magazine "There's a Lassie Coming" secured from the mainland, and all the Darling stripped to his flannel. Hard up, and hard possible, and you will do both the Journal down, he put the wheel, as hard as he sould go, and the Navy League a service by consult- children, Grace and her five brothers and three ing them for your various requirements. Nearer and nearer they got to the wreck, and sisters, were taught how to handle boats, acquir- with the moisture exuding from every pore of And, in doing so please mention— to their surprise there were not just one or two ing confidence even in the roughest weather. his body, in his desperate efforts to keep her but nine survivors crowding to the water's edge. Somehow, it was contrived that Grace should somewhere near her course, much to the exas- "THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL" At the very moment when the sufferers on the spend an interval in the mainland, where she peration of the Quartermaster. rock begun to despair the coble had been dimly received a boarding school education. But on discerned approaching, and as its occupants her return she settled down with renewed Then at long last came "four bells," and the became more recognisable one of the shipwrecked earnestness as assistant to her parents. wheel was relieved. The new helmsman was a men, an old sailor, with tears of joy and amaze- big fellow, and the best helmsman in the ship. ment streaming down his face, exclaimed : "For Vigilance Saves Life (Helmsmen, like poets, are to a large extent the Lord's sake, there's a lassie coming." Her vigilance was demonstrated during the born, not made.) It was only a few moments IXL Products before the new man steadied her, and steering Two journeys had to be made back to the Christmas of 1834 when she was attending to H.JONES £• CO lighthouse into safety, but with the aid of two the lantern. Something unusual on the Knaves- with a spoke or two of weather helm, and a IXL JAMS of the men the arduous undertaking was suc- tone caught her eye, and on careful inspection spoke or two of lee, was having a happy time. cessfully accomplished. she made out the topmast of a vessel which had This, however, did not please the little Middy struck the rock and sunk. Through the telescope (who was a first voyager) and, giving the big IXL CANNED The Grace family devoted themselves whole- A.B. a look of withering scorn, he said, "Well, FRUITS heartedly to the well-being of their unfortunate she perceived a sailor waving wildly, with an- other lying beside him. you ought to be ashamed of yourself! You're guests, and there, in their midst, all snug and a lazy big brute. Why, the last man worked comfortable, the crew of the North Sunderland She immediately roused her father and bro- IXL TOMATO thers, and had the satisfaction of seeing the twice as hard as you, stripped to his flannel, lifeboat found the people they had themselves sweating like a bull, and here you are, monkey SAUCE set out to save. sailor brought to safety after a terrific struggle. His companion perished from exposure. jacket, jumper and muffler on, and you haven't IXL BAKED When the news of the gallant rescue became turned a hair!" Grace, unhappily, did not long survive her BEANS known the country was stirred from end to end. ordeal on the Harcars. In the spring of 1842 Popular opinion was expressed by "The Times," she contracted a chill. Nothing serious was Incidentally, the men-of-wars'-men of those IXL SPAGHETTI which declared that "It is impossible to speak anticipated, but gradually she grew worse, con- in adequate terms of the unparalleled bravery days were great men, dependable and reliable, Plain & Curried sumption developed, and on October 20, 1842, she like monkeys aloft, and thorough seamen to the and disinterestedness shown by Mr. Darling and died in her father's arms. his truly heroic daughter, especially so with backbone. So are our men of the R.N. to-day. IXL DICED They are just as reliable and dependable as regard to the latter." The writer added that A monument in Bamborcugh church-yard, a FRUIT SALAD "other women had risked their lives through love full-length figure lying with an oar by her side, their forbears were, and the handiest men in of their country or their families, or those they bears tribute to the heroine's memory, but her the world, afloat or ashore. In those days men- great glory was that she became part of our sea of-wars'-men had nicknames for everything loved, but Grace had risked her life for love of AUSTRALIA'S BEST people whom she did not know." history, contributing to its pages an unforget- and everybody. The master-at-arms and the ALL IXL PRODUCTS ARE table epic. ship's corporal were the "jaunties," from the Both honours and personal gifts were T.B.F. French "Gendarme." They called themselves QUALITY PRODUCTS showered upon the young heroine. ("NAVY") February, 1939 14 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL IS position of officer-in-charge. Since the date of "VICTORY" TRAINING DEPOT I ever got when a Sub-Lieutenant ! But best of his rejoining, he has lost no time in getting all, your prospects will be particularly bright for SEA CADET By L. K. V. Smith, O in C. cadets together, being ably assisted by three promotion and from an educational viewpoint NOTES junior officers, Messrs. J. Driver, J. Niemieir, You will, no doubt have a few setbacks when and H. Collison. No efforts have been spared V.T.D. ratings are gratified to know that you first go afloat, but just treat misfortunes they now have four boats in which to carry with a smile and successes with a cheer and MANLY DIVISION in their endeavours to restore the division to its old standard of the days before its out their favourite training, which is, of course, you will come through all right. practical boat work. By G. H. Smith, Officer-in-Charge temporary disbanding. The Navy is not our only sea service. I firmly We now have two sailing whalers, one rowing On Thursday, 26th January, a committee believe that there is to be just as good an open- Manly Division has been very busy lately. We whaler and a gig and are looking forward to meeting was held at the depot, and the follow- ing for boys with courage and determination— have had a few socials which proved a great the new cutter being launched. plus ability—in our incomparable Mercantile success, even although we were unfortunate ing officers were elected to take office on the The whole training routine of the unit is Marine, as there is in the Navy. I have had a enough to pick wet nights for holding them. committee:— slowly being re-organised and we hope to have great deal to do with the merchant service in my However, sailors don't care. Mr. C. A. Fair!and, well known sporting shortly a system of training by which each time, and I have learned to love and respect All hands are just recovering from the identity, Chairman. member of the unit will have the maximum the Red Ensign, which is the flag that merchant Christmas camp held at the Basin, Pittwater. benefit of the facilities available. ships wear whilst bringing home our food sup- Manly ratings reported having had a splendid Mrs. Williams, Hon. Treasurer. plies and the raw material without which our time, and are looking forward to their next Mr. R. C. Collison, Hon. Secretary. It is to be hoped that the Sea Cadet Corps factories could not function. holiday under canvas. advances at its present record rate during thiB The Division is gaining rapidly in strength, Mr. P. J. O'Byrn and Mr. Williams, Trustees. year, for it is apparent to everyone that the You see, boys, the Merchant Service and the Navy belong to one great family, and thinking and altogether the outlook is very fair. We The League thanks all those who were pre- N.L.S.C.C. is forging full speed ahead. offer our best wishes to Signaller Gidley, who is men and those who believe in fair play are striv- sent, not only for their attendance, but for taking a wireless course under the able tuition V.T.D. has taken over a sub-depot at Wool- ing to give the merchant seaman a better deal, of the Manly Radio Club. We all wish him the their ready desire to give service to the cadets loomooloo Bay, at which we store three of the a much fairer deal, than he has had in the past. best of luck, and would like to also thank the and the League. boats. This is a valuable asset to the unit, as The Nation has got to see to this or go under, the care of our boats haB always been a prob- Radio Club for their good offices, and for the Woolwich cadets put in some spirited work which I can't somehow see it doing, and for this lem. Part of the unit has been drafted to the music they supplied at our last social. in boats, training for the Anniversary (1939) reason I hope many of you will have for your new sub-depot, and a spirit of friendly rivalry All hands in the Division were very dis- ambition such prizes as the Merchant Service Regatta, and the results of Mr. Tottman's and has already crept into the division, the boys at appointed at not being able to take part in the will offer in the near future. their hard work was ably demonstrated on the the new depot jealously guarding every little Anniversary Regatta, 1939, but hope to be well great day. A complete report of the regatta article for fear the others take it across to the There is something magnificent about our in the next time the Corps takes the water in a appears elsewhere in the journal. main depot merchant captains. Imagine being in command combined aquatic event. of the "Queen Elizabeth," that great 83,000-ton Our Committee have been working very hard On the morning of Sunday, 22nd January, the senior Woolwich crew challenged Woolwich Old I think the V.T.D. can safely say they are masterpiece of British ship-building. to obtain a boatshed to house our new whaler, slowly approaching the standard attributed us and it looks as if our hope will shortly be Sea Cadets to a race. The lads put up a great by our Patron, Vice-Patron, President and many All of you by nature are not fitted to com- realised. Our gratitude is also due to Mrs. effort to hold the Old Boys, and were only friends at Station 2UW. mand; some small defect in eyesight or phy- Soars for her generous donation awarded to the beaten by two feet. sique may prever.t you joining the executive The Anniversary Regatta, 1939, was a very "best Cadet at Christmas." Signaller Gidley Recruits are joining in satisfactory numbers, side, but there are a dozen other avenues that fine day for the Sea Cadet Corps. Some very won, Leading Seaman Green filling second and we feel confident in saying that it will not ':-we their own attractions. There have been fine rowing (described elsewhere) was seen, and place. be long before Woolwich Division is occupying occasions when I have thrilled with pride at the companies concerned should feel proud at Our thanks are also heartily rendered to Mrs. its old position in the League, both in regards the behaviour of British stewards in ships. They the display of zeal bv all the crews concerned. Green, who is raising funds for the new boat- to numbers, sport, and general training. are often far finer men and better folk than the shed. Mrs. Green is doing her part of the work Once again the signal is, "All Well at V.T.D." passengers they look after. unassisted, and her efforts are greatly appreci- Our special thanks are due to Mr. A. Bon- And then comes that admirable department ated. nington, a keen Woolwich supporter. Mr. Bon- nington intends to present a silver cup for that never seems to get the honour which is its competition in the League early in February. due; the engine room department. AN EMPIRE FOUNDED ON THE SEA This generous action is bound to provide the You know, boys, before any of you were born, WOOLWICH DIVISION additional touch of inter-divisional competitive (Continued from Page 1) when Britain was almost beaten to her knees spirit, and Mr Bonnington, apart from his by the submarine menace, and unprotected mer- By R. C. Collison much appreciated gesture in presenting the cup To those of you who wish to join the Navy I should like to say that it has never been so chant ships were being torpedoed by the hun- Hon. Secretary, Woolwich N.L. Committee itself, presents with it the necessary stimulus dred, we in the Navy established what was called to good clean competition. Again, many thanks, attractive as it is to-day. The living conditions, the feeding, the games and welfare are far bet- the convoy system, and by this we very largely After a lapse of nearly two years Woolwich Mr. Bonnington. overcame the submarine menace; because large Division's old O.C., Mr. Chris Tottman, an ex- ter attended to than in any other Navy, and the pay of an Able Seaman now averages more than naval man, has rejoined the division in his old (Continued on Page 17) (Continued on Page 18) THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL February, 1939 IK 17 numbers of merchant ships sailing together in ments of seamanship, and the elements of duty squadrons or convoys wetv protected by light to your country and to yourselves. DEFENCE OF SHIPPING cruisers and destroyers which guarded the mer- chant ships like sheep dogs rounding up their By keeping fit and giving live, intelligent, flocks. loyal service to the Sea Cadets, you are un- IN TIME OF WAR consciously making yourselves ready for careers; This convoy business brought home to the I hope sea careers, which will bring you that Navy better than anything in the Great War first class health and ur.dimmed happiness and (By Hector C. Bywater) what the Nation owed to its Mercantile Marine. that host of true friends which, to my mind, We shall not easily forget the days and especially constitute life as Britons think it should be. the nights spent in company with those slow- When the Mediterranean crisis was suddenly If convoy were really frowned upon three yean moving, deeply-laden ships. The whiffs of smoke Finally, boys, let me voice your sentiments and sprung upon the country less than three years ago it now seems to have been restored to From their funnels, the phosphorescent wakes, say "thank you" to those splendid men, your own ago, bringing us face to face with the imminent favour. Speaking in on May 24, Mr. the thud of their large propellers, and the Sea Cadet officers, who have freely given so possibility of a naval war or two, if not three, Geoffrey Shakespeare, Parliamentary Secretary metallic clang of iron doors as the firemen came much of their time to serve you They are widely separated fronts, it revealed not only to the Admiralty, outlined the Admiralty up from below at the end of their long arduous like big brothers to you and we owe them a our dangerous weakness in modern naval and scheme for safeguarding the trade routes and watches in the heated boiler-rooms of thoBe iron very great debt." aviation material, but the absence of both said that "plans arc laid on the basis that we tramp steamers which ran the gauntlet of means and organisation for safeguarding our should have to go into convoy on certain routes torpedo for most of the four years of war. sea-borne trade. The successive Governments immediately the danger matured." The change which had allowed the Navy to sink to a level of heart, if it really occurred, apparently dates How eager they were, those merchantmen, of relative strength lower than it had reached from the Autumn of 1935, when the massing of Captain, greaser, and so forth, to acquit them- DEFENCE OF SHIPPING for two centuries ignored the experience of ships in the Eastern Mediterranean left the selves in accordance with sea tradition—yes, we (Continued from Page 20) 1914-191.8, purchased at terrible cost. Even ocean highways unpoliced. Had war resulted before the concentration in the Mediterranean, owe them far more than we kaow. enemy raiders, both surface and submarine, which left us almost impotent in every other on convoys and single ships more dangerous might have pursued their operations unmolested, strategic area overseas, we were woefully short and it was obvious that the immediate adoption Less than a month ago this country, this than ever. Mines, too, may constitute a grave of modern cruisers and destroyers, and this de- peril, for it is known that new types have been of convoy would be our sole chance of salvation. great nation of ours, stood on the brink of war. ficiency was in no way repaired by the existence So, in November, 1935, a special convoy branch The Navy was ready. It has never been so effi- evolved which are less readily located and of the numerous sloops, slow, small and feebly swept than the older models. was established at the Admiralty, one of its cient as it is to-day. But war won't be what it armed, for which the Admiralty showed so members being Paymaster Rear-Admiral Sir used to be when the fighting man bore the brunt marked a partiality. Eldon Manisty, who had been intimately associ- and faced all the dangers himself. Nowadays Events in Spain are demonstrating the ob- ated with convey organisation in 1917. He was vious truth that aircraft are capable of des- the bombs mostly fall far beyond the fighting Nor was it only in respect of material that called from retirement to serve his country once lines and peaceful people who have no hatred in troying unarmed merchant ships. The air again in the same capacity. menace to convoy will be met by the provision the problem of commerce protection gave rise their hearts and no wish for war get killed and to acute anxiety. There was a strong suspicion maimed beyond all recognition. This is happen- of anti-aircraft ships—re-armed sloops and con- verted cruisers and destroyers—and of high- that the naval authorities looked askance at It is generally accepted that an attack on ing in Spain and in China to-day, and it would convoy and were planning instead a system have happened here and in Germany, in angle guns as part of the merchantman's own this country could succeed only by virtue of (a) ..cisive equipment. of evasive routing, under which merchantmen a knock-out blow by the heavy and continuous Czechoslovakia, and all over Europe, had it would sail independently and avoid as far as not been for Mr. Chamberlain's magnificent air bombardment of London and other great possible their normal tracks. As this was centres of population, or (b) by producing fam- moral courage in flying to Germany an>. un- On the outbreak of war in 1914, the Merchant virtually the same system that had prevailed flinchingly facing the issue. By doing this he ine conditions through interrupting the supply Navy was entirely without means of self-de- up to the late spring of 1917 and cost us enor- of food and essential commodities. Both meth- stopped the signing of the death warrant for fence. The next time it will be different. A mous casualties, it is not surprising that mur- perhaps ten or twenty million people and, we ods might, and probably would, be tried to- very large number of ships are being structur- murs were heard in the Navy itself, which had gether. They would, in fact, overlap in so far :.ope, made the Nations face the problem with ally modified to receive the guns and other not forgotten the stubborn opposition of the an entirely new heart as the bombing of docks, granaries, etc., and protective equipment which are ready for issue Admiralty staff in 1917 to the introduction of of ships berthed or entering or leaving harbour at the principal ports. Further, about 4,500 convoy. Incidentally, post-war apologists have became part of the air offensive. That, how- officers of the Merchant Navy have now received And that brings me to my message to you, signally failed to satisfy the public that this ever, is not the Navy's problem, even if it training in the use of this equipment. On the opposition was justified. It stands, therefore, is clear that perfect co-ordination betweeu all as representing the best form of our Empire's whole, therefore, the "navy of supply" is well youth—those who give up their leisure time to a as a well-documented example of official ob- three defence services will be the only talis- prepared to meet an emergency, and were it not stinancy pursued to the brink of disaster, and man of victory. movement, the Sea Cadet Movement, which is for the patent shortage of ships, the future as one of the best emblems of National Service. equally as a disclosure of the blindness of high regards this vital branch of national defence, naval officers to the teachings of naval history. Your holidays especially during the summer time could be faced with confidence Apart from its general importance as a vital are spent, whenever possible, on the water. You element of national security, the problem of are getting God's good air in your lungs, you Fortunately, a more progressive school of defending sea-borne trade demands speeial con- are learning to row, you are learning the ele- —Prom "The Navy." thought now appears to be In control of policy. (Continued on Page 20) 18 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL February, 1939 1» DEFENCE OF SHIPPING {Contd.) tical experience accumulated between May, 1917 and November, 1918. sideration by reason of the fact that from the Convoy has so many disadvantages that no- THE STAFF OF LIFE . . . For all happy occasions, afloat very outset we shall be short of cargo-carrying thing short of national security would warrant tonnage. As compared with 1914, we have, or ashore, the hostess can show its adoption. It means using our mercantile it a roughly speaking, a deficit of 2,000 ships, and her individuality in the form at the same time four million more mouths to tonnage in the least economical manner. Not STURDIER STAFF feed. This being so, we simply cannot afford only does it completely dislocate the normal she serves . . . to incur losses on a big scale. In a future schedule of arrival and departure, of loading emergency cargo tonnage will be of priceless and discharging cargo, but it throws out of if spread with value. And let us not forget that since the gear the whole mechanism of inland distribution average modern merchantman is larger than of supplies. However perfect the organisation, ARNOTT'S its predecessor of 1914-1918, every ship that is it is obvi usly impossible to arrange that each NORCO BUTTER sunk will represent a proportionately greater convoy shall consist of ships of uniform speed CRISP SAO loss. In these circumstances we should indeed and manoeuvring power. The speed of each Be sure to ask for ... be ill-advised to indulge in more or less experi- formation must tnerefore be that of its slowest mental methods, such as evasive routing, in pre- and least handy unit. Further, the simultan- BISCUITS ference to the well-tried system of convoy. eous arrival in port of a large number of ships leads to serious delay in handling and the lightest and most desirable distributing their cargoes. In the last war It goes without saying that the successful enormous quantities of food rotted away in base for savouries. Attractive, operation of convoy depends on many factors, chief of which is the provision of suitable escort •olds or on the quay before they could be too, with ham, paste, fresh or dealt with. At a conservative estimate the in- units. These are happily coming forward in stewed fruit and a simple epi- numbers which promise eventually to be ade- troduction of convoy on a comprehensive scale quate, though it will be another three vears would involve an immediate loss of 30 per cent, "THE BUTTER OF PERFECTION" curean delight with butter and in the cargo-carrying capacity of our Merchant before the gap between danger and reasonable cheese. safety is closed. We started so late on the cruis- Navy. It was, no doubt, the realisation of this er replenishment programme that even including fact that caused the Admiralty to consider al- ship? voted but not yet laid down we have ternative measures for the protection of trade, only 555 in the underage category. The des- only to find that convoy, with all its draw- troyer position is more satisfactory, though the backs, oifered the only means of safety. omission of this type from the 1938 building programme is to be deplored. Unlike their While the experience gained in the Great Recent Passenger Liners predecessors, the escort vessels now under con- War provides a framework for future convoy struction possess real fighting power, thanks to organisation, it would be a grave mistake to GLOBEX With Babcock Boilers: assume that the methods of 1917-18 would be their armament of eight 4 in. high-angle guns (BEEF EXTRACT) "Strathallan' In deciding to re-arm the older units of this adequate to-day. War experience is not the "Strathmore" type the Admiralty have tacitly justified the monopoly of any one belligerent, and it may "Stratheden" criticism directed against them when they were be taken for granted that potential enemies "Orion" built, on the score that they were of no military have studied the science of trade attack in the "Orcades" value except as mine sweepers. There is, how- light of experience no less closely than we ever, still a strong case for building ocean- have pondered the problem of defence. The With Babcock-Johnson Boilers: going escort vessels of 2,000 tons or more, with danger from surface raiders remains more or "Arundel Castle" an armament of 6 in. of 5.5 in. guns. Such less what it was, with the qualification that "Windsor Castle" vessels could face anything short of a regular auxiliary Diesel plants ende— certain foreign "Andes" cruiser, whereas few of our present sloops would warships of to-day with a greater radius of All above vessels are oil-fired. stand a sporting chance against an armed mer- action than was possessed by any fighting ship chantman raider of the "Moewe" type, or even With Babcock Boilers & Babcock- a big submarine mounting 6 in. guns. of the war period. The modern submarine is For appetising flavour, strength - building not in itself much more efficient than the war- nourishment and economy in use . . . ycu Erith Marine Strokers: can'* beat GLOBEX. It contains the full time U-boat, but it can now discharge tor- strength and concentrated essence of the Two new mail steamers for tt.e British The organisation of convoy on the far-reach- pedoes which leave the tube without the usual primest beef and it is made in a second. India S.N. Co. Ltd. ing plan necessitated by modern warfare is a upheaval of water and run without leaving the Try it for soups, gravies, nourishing be3f tea complicated business, but fortunately for us tell-tale track of air bubbles which, in the last and it makes real!,- delicious sandwiches . . . Babcock & Wilcox Limited we have as a foundation all the data and prac- but spread it thinly. war, saved many a ship from destruction. These • Incorporated in England (Continued on Pngc |8) new devices promise to make submarine attacks Obtainable from all Chemists and Storos in I, Australian Head Office and Works: 2, 4 and 8 ox. jars or 4 and 8 ox. containers. REGENTS PARK, N.S.W. THE; NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL CHAPMAN Motor Launches and Engines hold pride of place in aquatics. They are used by 99% of the Launch "Hire Drive-Yourself" services throughout Australia. The Launch illustrated above is a 16ft. CHAPMAN WONDER LAUNCH fitted with the famous CHAPMAN "MASTER - PUP" Motor, the popular size. We carry in stock a complete range of launches from 12 to 20ft. in open, half-cabin and coach-house types. Remember the !wo epic ocean trips of the famous 16-foot motor boat "Pup," trom Sydney down the N.S.W. and Victorian coasts, then acoss Bass Strait to Tasmania, eventually almost circumnavigating that State. Voyage number two was from Sydney, to and beyond the top peak of Australia; all under the power of a CHAPMAN 2^ h.p. engine. After these two voyages both boat and engine were in excellent condition and further trips of hundreds of miles have since been done. Never has any other make of engine or boat of these sizes accomplished such remarkable feats. Also engines from 2^ to 10 h.p. operating on petrol, and the new 10 h.p. Diesel Engine. Our new pay-as-you-go policy enables you to secure one of these fine launches for £5, paying off the balance at a mere few shillings per week. CHAPMAN & SHERACK

EN3INE MANUFACTURERS AND LAUNCH BUILDERS

CLARA STREET, ERSKINfcVILLE, N.S.W.

City Showroom : 70 Oxford Street, Sydney

Printed by Barrymore Presi, 156 Castlereaqh Street, Sydney.

REGULAR SAILINGS by luxury passenger liners T R AV E L to: Melbourne INTERS TAT E Adelaide SEA Western Australia B Y Brisbane Mackay Townsville Cairns

To Melbourne. Burnie and Dovonport (Tas mania). Sydney, Bris- bane and return to Sydney by s.s. "Ormis- THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL FULL PARTICULARS FROM ton. leavinq Sydney 27th March and fort- The Adelaide S.S. Co.. Ltd.. 22 Bridge Street BW 2911 nightly thereafter. The Official Organ of the Navy League, N.S.W Branch A.U.S.N. Co.. Ltd.. 247 George Street B 7511 Royal Exchange, 54a Pitt Street, Sydney. B 7808 Howard Smith. Ltd.. 269 George Street B 7611 To South Sea Islands — Huddart. Parker. Ltd.. 10 Bridge Street BW 1441 Easter Cruise by s.s. Mcllwraith. McEacharn. Ltd.. 19 Bridge Street BW 1047 " Katoomba " leaving Melbourne S.S. Co.. Ltd.. I Barrack Street BW 1803 Sydney — 8th Aoril. Vol. 2—No. 3 (New Series) Sydney, March, 1939 Price 6d. 1939. (Offices also at Newcastle) SEA IS BEST !

AS OTHERS SEE US

"The onlooker sees most of the game." primarily a matter for Great Britain's con- sideration. MILD However, Earl Beatty could hardly be termed an onlooker in the accepted sense of the Truly, the islands in question are in the main word, filling as he does one of the most impor- administered by Great Britain; but critics of tant positions in the Navy League. Earl Beatty's view seem to overlook the fact CAPSTANS IN THE that Bougainville, biggest island of the Solomons, Earl Beatty, at a public luncheon given in his has been administered by Australia for the honour in Sydney, expressed very forcibly an past eighteen years, and that it possesses ex- opinion which, from him, coming from the other cellent harbours for fortified naval and seaplane side of the Empire, brought up a point that bases. stressed an urgent need in Australia's defence PACKET programme. At this luncheon, and on many Bougainville, apart from its natural recom- other public occasions, Earl Beatty urged the medations, would be approximately the centre fortification of the chain of islands lying to of a defensive chain lying in an arc between the north and north-east of Australia, thus Port Moresby (which is to be fortified), on the providing a defence "fan" to protect her from left arm of the "fan," and the New Hebrides on time for a a possible invader striking southwards from its right. This latter group is administered the Northern Hemisphere. This contention of under condominium government in conjunction Earl Beatty's roused a considerable amount of with our ally, France. 1 comment, and one highly placed authority (the Minister for Defence) replied that the job was CAPSTAN m"'™ (Continued Overleaf.) • A •• mm H • Wk Am FULL STRENGTH 8851-3-8 March, 1939 1 KINDLY REMEMBER OUR ADVERTISERS Surely islands which are under the control of Britain, through the administration of the EARL BEATTY'S VISIT High Commissioner for the Western Pacific, OBITUARY stationed at Fiji, could, by a simple business of transference, be controlled by Australia her- Bearer of a name that ranks in the forefront Executive Committee at the Royal Sydney self? It is all very well to say that fortifying of British Naval history with those of Drake. Yacht Club, where, in an informal atmosphere, these islands is Britain's business, but is With regret we report the passing of Blake, Rodney, Shovel!, Nelson, and the galaxy many of our problems were discussed. On 14th any attack from the north Britain's affair the Hon. John Lane Mullins, a member of heroes that have made Britain the supreme came the official luncheon to Lord and Lady rather than Australia's? It seems to this com- of the Executive Committee of the New maritime Power of the world, The Right Hon. Beatty at the Hotel Australia, given by the Navy mentator that the answer is obvious. The white South Wales Branch of the Navy The Earl Beatty, son of the famous admiral, League and the Royal Empire Society, and at- population of these islands is composed mainly League, who died on Friday, 24th Feb- arrived in Sydney by the "Awatea" from New tended by the Executives of the combined organ- of Australians, and Australian business inter- ruary, at the age of 81 years. Zealand on February 10th. isations, heads of the Navy, Army, and Air ests are predominant. The administration of Lord Beatty's visit was on behalf of the Navy Force, and some 250 guests. The affair was a them from Fiji is definitely cumbersome, and League. As London Chairman of the Navy tremendous success; Lord Beatty's address, Mr. Mullins was born in Sydney. After many authoritative opinions have stated, both in League Grand Council, his main object in com- simple, yet stirring and challenging in its sim- a brilliant university career he was asso- the Press and from public platforms, that a ing here was to inspect Australian branches and plicity, received tremendous publicity, coming ciated with some of the largest commer- change over to Australian control would be to attend a meeting of the Australian Navy as it did at a time when the public's attention cial institutions in the State. He was welcomed. League Council, the League's Federal body. was (and is) set on defence. The speeches of secretary to the Society of Arts, a trus- Lord Beatty, Rear-Admiral Stevenson (Chair- tee of the National Art Gallery, Presi- Practically from the moment he stepped man) and Sir George Mason Allard (Vice- dent of the Australian Ex Libris Society ashore, Lord Beatty commenced what must have Certainly, it would be a matter of careful Chairman) were broadcast by Station 2UW, and, from its foundation, and President of the been an arduous and exhausting round. The negotiation with the Home Government, and additionally, Lord Beatty's speech received space National Art Gallery. Mr. Mullins was morning of his arrival was spent in a discus- in practically all the local Press, and was favour- would entail a considerable amount of expense a helper and friend of Australian artists sion of local League and Sea Cadet affairs with ably commented on "over the air" by leading in the establishment of fortified naval bases. and writers, and himself possessed one representatives of the New South Wales Execu- broadcasting stations. B_t the Federal Treasurer has assured us that of the largest and most valuable collec- tive. there is no need to worry financially as far as tions of bookplates in the Common- On Monday, 13th, Lord and Lady Beatty at- defence is concerned. wealth. tended a luncheon in their honour given by the (Continued on Page g)

At present Australia is spending £3 per head He was born on June 12th, 1855, and of the population per annum on defence, of educated at St. Mary's College, Lynd- which, roughly, £1 is allocated to our first line hurst, and St. John's College, Univer- of defence—the Navy. Surely it would be an sity of Sydney. A notable scholar, he addition to our Peace Insurance Fund to add graduated M.A. at the age of 21. In 1885 the amount necessary to carry out Earl Beatty's he was admitted as a solicitor of the suggestion. Supreme Court, and was called to the Bar on August 1st, 1930. He assisted in the formation of the New South Wales Think of the long empty shore of Queensland, Irish Rifle Corps, in which he held the of unfortified harbours—providing excellent rank of Captain. For twelve years he landing places for an enemy—like Gladstone, and was an alderman of the City Council, then visualise this "fan" of fortified bases! A and was Chairman of its Financial Com- glance at a map of the Western Pacific will bring mittee over a long period. In 1917 he home beyond any possible argument their stra- became a member of the Legislative tegic value. It is no good putting off the day; Council, and served in this capacity for a job like this takes time, and it seems to be in 17 years. His son. Lieutenant Brendan the line of an urgent defence requirement that Lane Mullins, was killed whilst serving needs commencing forthwith. with the Royal Artillery in the late war.

That chain of fortified islands could then, as The Navy League, and indeed, the far as Australia is concerned, carry out the whole community, has lost a leading Navy League's motto, and figure by the death of this eminent citizen. "KEEP WATCH!" (Block by courtesy "S.ll. Herald.") The C ountess Beatty; Rear-Admiral J. B. Stevenson, President. N.S.W. Navy The Editor. League; and the Earl Beatty, Chairman, Grand Council (London), Navy League, at the official luncheon at Hotel Australia. March, 1939 2 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL It is not surprising, then, that he had not THE STORY OF COMES TO AUSTRALIA been long in Queensland when he had the two gunboats, "Gayundah" and "Paluma," the 56-foot In 1878, his health having been affected by picket boat "Midge," and the second-class tor- VICE-ADMIRAL SIR W. R. CRESWELL exposure in these fever-ridden parts,' Creswell pedo boat "Mosquito" all under way, and partici- was invalided to England. Naval reduction was in pating in a big Easter camp at Peel Island, K.C.M.G., K.B.E. progress at this time and, as the prospects for Moreton Bay. Similarly, when he took command junior naval officers were not bright, he re- in Victoria, he astonished the natives by taking the torpedo boats "Countess of Hopetoun" (75 (By A.W.B.) tired from the service, and with his brother came out to Australia to engage in pastoral pursuits. tons) and "Childers" (47 tons) out across Bass He spent some years in Qivenaland, and is said Straits to Hobart. It was a mercy they got back safely. "I have been grateful for a good innings, also ship was the "Phoebe," a 35-gun screw frigate to have been a member of the first party to take on the North American station, and it was in her cattle overland to the Nor'hern Territory. the satisfaction that altogether I did not work Creswell was characterised by indomitable long and hard against apparently impossible in 1869, as a member of Admiral Sir Phipps courage and the persistent pursuit of his objec- odds for nothing," wrote Sir William Creswell Hornsby's flying squadron, that he paid his first But in the end the call of the sea reasserted tive. He was a man's man. He kept himself in 1928 to his friend and former British col- visit to Australia. Later he served in the "Mino- itself. In October, 1885, he joined the newly physically fit, and, I recall, had a horizontal bar league on the Australian Naval Board, Admiral taur" in the Channel Fleet, and then, as a formed naval service of South Australia, as first erected in the grounds of his home for regular Bertram Chambers. "What would not Von Spec junior sub-lieutenant, was appointed to the lieutenant of the small but heavily armed cruiser exercise, while it was a common thing for him to have done if he had had (against him) only the "Thalia" on the China Station. Always a good "Protector," the command of which he was given dive overboard from a gunboat for a morning old 'Powerful' and 'P' class cruiser Winston footballer and runner, he here won a 440 yards in 1891. At the same time he was appointed dip even in waters where sharks were not un- Churchill deemed ample for Australia? He would hurdle race—open to the whole of the combined Naval Commandant, and was also placed in known." have had fun fright-fulling Australia, skinned fleets in the China Seas—for a cup presented by chargc of the colony's life-saving service; in up everything afloat, and shattered everything the Grand Duke Alexis, who was then serving in 1895 he received his captaincy. "My earliest re- But above all, he had far-sighted vision and within gun-range of deep water."* the Russian Navy. collections of him are at this time," writes one patience, and an unswerving devotion to duty. of his sons. "He was always very active and A senior British officer, who served with him With this assertion, coming from the man who, Service on the China Station was at times en- livened by skirmishes with Chinese pirates. In very fit, and used to race us boys on the beach immediately before and during the war, has more than anyone else, was the creator of the at Largs Bay. He would hop and we would run." written:— Australian Navy, few at least of his fellow one such action—in the Laroot River, Penang— countrymen will disagree. But for the presence in Creswell, who was then temporarily serving in "Sir W. Creswell was a man whose characteris- the Pacific in 1914 of the battle-cruiser "Aus- the gunboat "Midge," was severely wounded; and Creswell became Naval Commandant of tics were so varied as to be almost contradictory. tralia," not only our own coastal cities but for his distinguished conduct during the scrap Queensland in April, 1900, but in August was . . . His knowledge of the limits of political pos- those of New Zealand assuredly would have he was specially promoted to the rank of lieu- chosen to command his old ship, the "Protector^' sibilities was unrivalled, but his difficulties were known the horrors of war, our seaborne com- tenant. which, manned chiefly by South Australians, was greatly increased by the fact that the Minister merce would have been brought to a standstill, sent to China to take part in suppressing the On recovering from his wounds, Creswell re- for Defence was almost entirely occupied at the and not a single Australian or New Zealand sol- Boxer rebellion. The little vessel's light draft ceived an appointment at the Royal Naval Col- military headquarters, finding little time for the dier been able to go abroad as long as Von Spee's rendered her particularly suitable for service lege, but it was not long before he was posted Navy Office. . . . squadron remained afloat. It was to Creswell's to the "Topaze," one of the squadron sent out to in the unsurveyed Chinese waters, where she was vision and dogged persistence that the Australian employed mainly in carrying despatches and do- India during the visit of the Princc of Wales "Whilst the Admiral's brain was quick to fleet was in existence at that fateful time, and ing survey work. She returned to Adelaide in (afterwards King Edward VII). After serving grasp ideas, he was sometimes lacking in de- for this achievement his name should be revered January, 1900, and Creswell at once resumed for a short period in the fiagshap of the East cision. ... At other times, in the political field, by present and future generations of Australians. duty in Brisbane. Indies Squadron, H.M.S. "Undaunted," he next to which he was accustomed, he would act more joined the "London," which acted as depot-ship decisively. . . . SERVICE IN ROYAL NAVY at Zanzibar in the operations against the East "I can see him now walking up the path to the African slave traders. The naval parties used little Navy Office in Edward Street," says an "Admiral Creswell was undoubtedly a fine sea- William Rooke Creswell was born at Gibraltar to cruise about in small boats, often being absent officer who served on his staff for many years, in 1852, the third son of Edmund Creswell, man in a small ship. In a battleship he would for as long as a month at a time. During the "with his uniform cap just a trifle over the left have been lost, but that did not matter. His deputy postmaster-general of the colony. There three years (1875-8) that he was engaged in eye after the manner of the famous Beatty touch he received his early education,' and it is not concern was with the political side of naval work. this work, Creswell had many a brush with of the war years . . . He knew Australia and its people. He had a surprising that, after spending the impression- Arab dhows, one of which, on being captured, considerable knowledge of Pacific conditions and able years of his life in the naval and military was found to contain a record cargo of slaves. Creswell was essentially a seaman—trained in of the Far East. . . . environment of The Rock, he should have chosen On another occasion he landed with six men one of the services as a career. the Navy when masts and yards and sails were with the object of liberating some slaves, when in use and boat work the order of the day (no Certainly Admiral Creswell was an easy chief At the age of 12 his father sent him to Eng- the party was attacked and one man badly fast motor boats then!). He was a practical to work under, if due allowance were made for land to be coached for the Navy, and in Decem- wounded, but he was saved by Creswell, who sailor, and believed in getting in working and tricks of evasion, learned from long intercourse ber, 1865, the youngster entered the training swam off with him to their boat. sea-going order all ships and craft that came ship "Britannia," from which he graduated as a under his orders. midshipman eighteen months later. His first (Continued on Next Page.) (Continued Overleaf.) THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL March, 1939 4 s formation of local navies, which it had followed for two generations, in favour of a scheme of annual subsidy payments in return for British naval forces. The policy of local naval develop- ORIENT LINE ment, therefore, had many influential opponents, both at Whitehall and in Australia." ROYAL MAIL STEAMERS You Can Be Assured In 1899, just prior to Federation, Creswell and the naval commandants of New South Wales, of a For South Australia, and Tasmania, together with the secretary of the Victorian Defence Depart- ENGLAND ment, had met in conference and had drawn up Good Drink Via Suez a report which (says A. W. Jose, "Australian Official History," Vol. IX) was "of great im- By Visiting portance." PLEA SUR E_ CJR U I S E S "Basing their recommendations avowedly on Winter — to Tropic Islands. Admiral Tryon's ideas, they asked for means whereby the existing local forces should be made AARON'S Summer — to New Zealand. 'efficient and available for service in vessels of war.' They pointed out that when the auxi- TASMAN'IAN HOLIDAYS liary squadron was first established by agree- EXCHANGE ment between the colonies and the Admiralty, it CEYLON EXCURSIONS was generally understood, in Australia at any rate, that the ships would form a means of drill- HOTEL Call or write for literature ing and training Australian seamen. This expec- giving details and fares. tation has never been realised, the vessels in • reserve having always been laid up in Sydney, and no attempt has been made to utilise them ORIENT STEAM NAVIGATION COMPANY LIMITED (INCORPORATED IN ENGLAND) for the benefit of the local naval forces. 1 GRESHAM STREET Vice-Admiral Sir W. R. Creswell Government, under whose control now came the "This report (continues Jose) was abviously SYDNEY intended for consideration by the new Federal (Continued from Page 5.) local naval and military forces of the various • States. Government whenever it should come into exist- with politicians. He could be an entertaining "The amalgamation and development of the ence. Before that happened Australia found host, and when, as often happened, he entered military establishments presented no major dif- itself engaged in the South African War and the what he called his 'anecdotage,' he would tell ficulties and were immediately proceeded with," Boxer War, and schemes of reorganisation were Only the best brands of Wines and many tales of his early days." writes Rear-Admiral Feakes. "Not so with the put aside." naval units. Considerable confusion of doctrine Spirits Stocked. INITIATION OF R.A.N. as to the naval objective existed among minis- HIS 1902 REPORT To Admiral Sir George Tryon, who command- ters and members of the new parliament. ed the British naval force in Australian waters "Victoria had for half a century developed "Early in 1902, however, before the Colonial Dining Room Unsurpassed. in 1886-7, is generally given the credit for im- what (in 'Brassey's Naval Annual') was des- Conference of that year had been arranged, a • planting the idea that Australia should eventu- cribed as 'formidable flotilla,' and South Aus- report from the Naval Commandant in Queens- ally have a navy of its own—when he laid down tralia and Queensland had also supported the land (Captain Creswell) revived the suggestion the principle that personal service was better principle of local naval forces. But the senior of 1899, but with one important alteration. In- than a subsidised force. It is true that the partner in the Feceration, New South Wales, had stead of begging training ships from the Admir- K. F. WOOLDRIDGE auxiliary squadron which came into being as a maintained no permanent naval force. Sydney alty, he advised the Federal Government to result of the colonial premiers' conference in was the base of the Imperial Squadron, the provide its own; four 3000-ton cruisers for London in 1887 did not realise Tryon's ideal of a Manager Commander-in-Chief's residence was there, and training local forces, a training-ship for boys, locally manned and locally controlled squadron, and a navigation school for naval reservists. but this was out of the question so long as the strong economic and social interests combined in opposing the transfer of the naval administration The cruisers would be manned by reduced Australian colonies remained under mutually in- crews in peace-time, and raised to war strength dependent governments. to the temporary seat of the Federal Govern- ment,, Melbourne. On top of this the Admiralty when necessary from the naval reserve, so as With the coming of Federation in 1901, the suddenly reversed its policy of encouraging the 1887 agreement and its financial obligations were (Continued on Page necessarily taken over by the Commonwealth (Continued on Next Page.) 18.) U 31 March, 1939 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL EARL BEATTY'S VISIT SOME NAVAL NICKNAMES ( Continued from Page j) (By Lieut. Comdr. H. R. Gordon Cumming) On 15th Lord and Lady Beatty left for a Many British warships have been unofficially foreigner, the last-named was reported as "a couple of days' rest in the country, and arrived re-christened in the past, sometimes with a derelict, capsized and on fire!" at Canberra on 19th, where they dined with Mr. Casey, the Federal Treasurer, and Mrs. special reason. An early example was of Even foreign men-of-war have not escaped "Thet's" being nicknamed "Tea-Chest"; she was Casey. Lady Beatty returned to Sydney and nicknames from our sailors. The French "Henry left for Java by "Niew Holland" on 22nd. the first ship to try the experiment of halving IV" and "Conde" were known as "Angry Cat'' the rum ration and substituting tea and sugar and "Fluid" respectively, and the Russian cruiser in 1823. "Askold," with her five tall funnels, was "the On 20th Earl Beatty reached Melbourne, where Packet of Woodbines." At the Battle of the he received a civic reception, attended Navy Names of mythological characters usually Yellow Sea in 1904 the Japanese shot away League functions, inspected the local Sea Cadet came in for slight changes, for the Lower Deck two of her "woodbines" but she survived and Corps, and sat at the meeting of the Australian insisted upon simpler pronunciations. Thus we took part in the Great War ten years later. Navy League Council on February 23rd. From had "Andrew Mack," "Penny Lope," "Pom One," Melbourne he flew to Adelaide, where another "Hermy One" and "Bally Ruffian," while The simple names of our navy of to-day— civic reception and a round of Navy Leigue "Agamemnon" was first called "Eggs-and-Bacon" many of them well-known towns and counties— functions awaited him. From Adelaide he re- and later "Aggie Weston" after the founder of do not lend themselves to much alteration, turned by air to Sydney, arriving on the evening Sailors' Homes. Her memory was preserved either by the wag or by the author of genuine of 1st March. On 2nd March Lord Beatty ad- when the new sloop "Weston-super-Mare" was "howlers." A few, however, crop up from time dressed the Legacy Club at their luncheon, and dubbed "Aggie-on-'orseback," but later the ship's to time. When the destroyers "Amazon" and attended a meeting of the Executive Commit- name was officially curtailed to "Weston," the "Ambuscade" first appeared, their engines gave tee of the New South Wales Branch of the Navy original being too unwieldy. The "Swift," our a good deal of trouble. Hence "Am-a-dud" and League. first flotilla leader, was almost as big as the "Am-bust-again!" "Scout" class light cruisers: she was therefore On 3rd March Lord Beatty addressed the known as the "Boy Scout!" Constitutional Association at a luncheon at the Hotel Wentworth, his subject, "Naval Prepared- Our big navy of 1914-18 contained pseudonyms MARTINS ness and the Navy League," gaining great ap- in plenty. "Agincourt" was "Gin Palace;" Naval Outfitters proval and splendid publicity. On 4th Earl Picturesque Tfatkl "Sutlej," "Subtle J;" "Lord Nelson," "Lord 'elp (Established 20 years) Beatty carried out a divisional inspection of the To lsondon via Suez as;" "Colossus," "Galoshes" or "Slosher;" "Iror Sea Cadet Corps at "Victory" Training Depot, Duke," "Tin Duck;" "Versatile," "Vesta Tilley': 1st FLOOR North Sydney. A full description of this inspec- Colourful ports of call . . . Colombo. and so on. During the Armistice period the fleet tion will appear in the Sea Cadet Notes in our Bombay. Aden, Port Sudan. Port Said. 176 GEORGE ST. NORTH Malta. Marseilles. Gibraltar, Tangier, flagshipi—hitherto known as "Q.E." or "Lizzie" (Near Quay) April issue. —became very popular with the Press. So for a Plymouth . . . happy days and nights at sea . . . excellent fciod and service . . . time we had H.M.S. "Daily Mirror." Among "The Navy League Store" depot-ships we have had "Aquarium" and "Cycle- After a thorough and comprehensive survey unsurpassed accommodation . . . rest and box' for "Aquarius" and "Cyclops," while Makers of regulation uniforms as of our problems, our methods and our work, Earl recreation under ideal conditions . . . or* "Lucia" is called "the Banana Boat" because she supplied to the Navy League Sea Beatty expressed his admiration for those highlights of P iO Travel. patriotic people who assist in carrying on Navy was a West Indian fruit-carrier before being Cadet Corps since its inception All particulars obtainable bought by the Admiralty. League affairs. To the members of the League Imm local P 8c O Agents in N.S.W. who provide the financial "sinews of war," and to the officers and cadets of the Navy League A STRANGE DERELICT Complete Uniforms, including Suit, Sea Cadet Corps Earl Beatty summarised his views in a farewell message before he left by "Furious" and "Courageous," built as Cap, Ribbon Collar, Landyard, Silk, Front. 'plane for Java at daylight on the morning of enormous light cruisers, were nicknamed 5th March. "Curious" and "Outrageous" on account of their No. 2 Serge £2/5/- original design and the great secrecy main- No. I Serge, with cuffs £2/12/6 tained over their construction. When converted "Carry on with the good work. You are doing to an aircraft carrier the latter was called Official Outfitters to the splendidly and getting results. Much, however, P*C "the Covered Waggon," while "Argus"—also still remains to be done, so remember cur motto without mast or funnel—became "the Flat Iron." Navy League Sea Cadet Corps —"Keep Watch!" I'rnmiulai mntl Uritntal S.N. Co. On one occasion, when sighted at sea by a Incvtpoiatrd im Em$lemd. 9 U THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL March, 1939 A "TINGIRA" MEMORY LARS HALVORSEN By D. J. Mort, N.L.S.C.C. (Ex "Tingira" Boy) Visit the Orient ... SONS PTY. LIMITED Designers and Builders of Cruisers and Only those who have been through the train- Whilst afloat the sailor very rarely wants to do for Glamour, Romance, Charrr. ing ship "Tingara" will realise what a valuable his "Depot Time." This, though, is essential for Commercial Craft. part of Australian naval training service has his advancement. All the schools are situated passed on. on shore at Flinders Naval Depot, which is a A-O Line gives you the test word in comfort end self-contained "town," where the sailor has every interest on e holiday trip to the East. Monthly Apart from the romantic aspect of training comfort and facility to aid him in his study for sailings by the British Steamers "CHANGTE" and afloat, the "Tingira" attracted the "Sea Mind" higher ratings. of the boy. I well remember, just prior to my "TAt PING provide excellent accommodation, DISTRIBUTORS FOR MORRIS MARINE entry into the Navy, how I would longingly gaze Like the passing of the old "Australia," sunk both First end Second Class, and also Private ENGINES. at the magnificent white ship as she swung to Suites. See Australia's showground of marine life: off Sydney Heads, the passing of the "Tingira" her moorings in Rose Bay, and feel that I would brought a sigh from many of the old hands who the Barrier Reef and Thursday Island on the way give anything to be aboard her. had served in her, and I feel sure that many of to HONG KONG. CHINA. JAPAN and the us would like to see her in full commission again, PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. NEUTRAL BAY To watch the spic-and-span boats running or some ship like her, once more training the to and from the ship, and to see smart boys boys for our fighting ships. SYDNEY drilling in Lyne Park; stirred a desire to adopt the sea as a career. If the routine of boys in the Navy League Phones: XA1705, XA1737 It was a proud day for me when I was ac- proves instrumental in inspiring the sea-minded cepted for the Navy, and instead of gazing with a desire to serve afloat, it is hoped that the First Class from the shore at the "Tingira" could proudly preliminary training in the Sea Cadet Corps will gaze at the shore from her snow-white decks. in some way assist them to realise what is be- Return Fare to Japan £90 fore them, and that it will give them an under- standing of the discipline they will be expected Return Fare to Hong Kong £76 Training was strict, and a few months made boys hardy and ready for drafting to the sea- to observe. This preliminary knowledge prevents a shock when one is thrown into the rigid dis- |NO EXCHANGE) I X L Products going units of the Service. Our young minds cipline and routine which greet new entries to a H.JONES & CO readily assimilated instructions, and, above all, Naval Training Establishment. They have every IXL JAMS the routine gave us the right spirit of obedience, convenience at hand at their Depot, and with a and the necessary activity required for efficient little knowledge of their duty towards their service to superior officers. superiors they should be very contented and Obtain full particulars, itinerary, etc. I XL CANNED happy during their training period. FRUITS And so it is with the Navy League Sea Cadets from who, like the "Tingira" boys of past years, take IXL TOMATO to training more readily than their older broth- ers, because they have not had time to develop SAUCE on other lines. As well, they find the excitement A-O. LINE IXL BAKED of the sea, ships and boats a romantic calling, BEANS even though Sea Cadet Service is voluntary. (Incorporated in Hong Kong) IXL SPAGHETTI It is surprising that a number of people still believe that the "Tingira" was a reformatory REMEMBER OUR ADVERTISERS! G. S. YUILL & CO. PTY. LTD. Plain & Curried ship for uncontrollable boys. This idea was un- We ask you to keep in mind the flrmi (Managing Agents) doubtedly caused by the fact that "Tingira" advertising their products in the Journal. IXL DICED was at one time "Sobroan," a reformatory ship. These are the people whose co-operation FRUIT SALAD Later, however, she was taken over by the Navy has made the production of your magazine and converted into a "Naval Training Ship," to possible, and you will do both the Journal 6 Bridge Street, Sydney which only boys of undoubtedly good character and the Navy League a service by consult- 0 AUSTRALIA'S BEST were admitted. ing them for your various requirements. ALL IXL PRODUCTS ARE And, In doing so please mention— OUALITY PRODUCTS There is something about training afloat that "THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL" can never be substituted for by shore training.

10 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL March, 1939 U NAVAL NOTES FROM OTHER LANDS £351 (or more) AT AGE 60

When "Brown," then in his thirtieth year, began to save and invest ARGENTINA: 12,000 miles. Though she displaces only 3,325 £6 12/8 a year (equal to about II/- a month) through A.M.P. Life tons, she is quite well armed for a training ship, Assurance, he at once established for his family an estate of £200 in The transport laid down at Rio Santiago Naval with four 4-inch, one 3-inch and seven smaller the event of his death—whenever that might happen. Dockyard last January is to be named "Ushuai," guns, as well as a torpedo tube. Happily, he didn't die; and year by year the A.M.P. added bonuses to after the southernmost settlement in the Argen- tine Republic, situated not a great way north the original assurance. of Cape Horn. She will be a vessel of 1,250 tons CHILE: The policy matured recently, shortly before "Brown's" displacement, Diesel-driven, with a speed of 12 60th birthday, and he received £351/16/-, that is The coastguard vessel "Leucoton," built in knots. She will probably replace the 15-year-old Finland in 1919, is reported to have been lost the original Sum Assured of £200 and Reversionary "Pampa." 31st last. A wireless SOS stated that her en- Bonuses of £151/16/-. gine-room had been flooded, and though the oil The amount received at maturity represents the return BELGIUM: in heavy weather off Constitucion on October of all premiums paid with compound interest at 3^ tanker "Rancagua" and the destroyer per cent, over the 30 year term of the policy. For A new fishery protection vessel has been "Riquelme" searched the area, no trace of the ordered from the Cockerill yard at Hoboken, unlucky vessel could be found. She was a ship FAMILY PROTECTION and SOUND INVESTMENT, Antwerp, to replace the "Zinnia." As her name of 530 tons, with triple expansion engines of effect life assurance with the . . . denotes, the latter was originally one of the 1,400 I.H.P., giving her a nominal speed of famous "Flower" class of sloops, built during 14.5 knots. Together with two sister ships, the the War for the Royal Navy and employed on "Elicura" and "Orompello," she was fitted out A.M.P. SOCIETY escort and minesweeping duties. This particu- for her present service by Messrs. J. Samuel M.od Offc. : 17 PITT STREET, SYDNEY lar ship was launched from Messrs. Swan, Hunter White & Co., of Cowes, in 1920. A. E. WEBB Manaqer for N.w South Wales & Wigham Richardson's yard at Wallsend-on- Two new vessels are under construction at Tyne in August, 1915, and was purchased by the Valdivia, in Southern Chile, which will replace Belgian Government in June. 1920. this ship and the "Aguila," lost in somewhat similar circumstances a year earlier.

BRAZIL: Ships to be provided comprise six torpedo boats, the "Saone" and "Seine," referred to in this DOMINIC VN REPUBLIC six minesweepers and a patrol vessel. No par- The first of the six minelayers building at the colnmn last month. ticulars of these vessels have yet been received, Government Dockyard, Islas das Cobras, Rio, The nucleus of a navy is being assembled by but it is probable that shipbuilders in this coun- wns launched in October last and named Germany's first aircraft carrier (one of a pair) this republic, which occupies more than one- try will be invited to tender. "Cananea." She is a vessel of 552 tons, with a half of the large island of Haiti, or Santo was launched on December 8 and named "Graf speed of 14 knots and an armament of two 4-inch Domingo, in the . An armed tran- Zeppelin." Of 19,250 tons displacement, with a guns and several smaller weapons. Fifty mines sport, the "Presidente Trujillo, of 3,349 tons The launching of the 35,000-ton battleship speed of 32 knots, she can operate 40 aircraft. are carried. The engines, of the triple expansion gross, is officially classed as a cruiser. She was "Richelieu," originally fixed for November last, Her armament includes sixteen 5.9-inch, ten 4.1- type, are being supplied by Messrs. Thornycroft. built by Messrs. W. Gray & Co., of West Hartle- is now expected to take place this month, post- inch and a number of smaller guns. The speed pool, as far back as 1910, being launched as the ponement having been dictated by the labour is the same as that of the new French aircraft After lying stranded on the rocks outside San "Registan." Subsequently she became, in turn, situation. carriers "Joffre" and "Painleve," of which the Juan, Puerto Rico, for over a month, the Brazil- the "Guantanamo," the "Comerio" and the former was laid down last November. They are ian training ship "Almirante Saldanha" has been "Presidente Machado," before assuming her pre- A further list of names to be conferred on 18,000-ton ships, and are reported to be armed salved and patched up sufficiently to be towed sent name. This ship is supported by three new warships building or authorised has just with 5.1-inch guns. to Rio de Janeiro for permanent repairs. She 75-ft. patrol boats of 37 tons each, driven by been fcsued. Three destroyers of the 1,772-ton was launched five years ago from the Vickers- petrol engines, with a nominal speed of 13.5 "Le Hardi" type are to be called "Intrepide," It is hoped to complete the first of Italy's four Armstrong naval yard at Barrow-in-Furness and knots. These were acquired last year from the "Opinaitre" and "Temeraire;" three "torpilleurs" post-War battleships, the "Littorio," in . May is the most elaborately equipped training ship United States Coast Guard. of the 1,000-ton "Agile" class,, L'Alsacien," "Le next, and to have her sister ship, the "Vittorio afloat. Rigged as a barquentine, she has an A sum of £E1,023,000 has been provided in Breton' 'and "Le Corse;" three submarines of Veneto," ready a couple of months later. They auxiliary Diesel engine of 1,100 horse power the new Defence budget for naval construction. the "Aurore" class, "L'Andromede," "L'Anti- are ships of 35,000 tons with a main armament which is capable of propelling her at a speed of gone" and "L'Astree;" and three additional of nine 15-inch guns. Both were begun in 11 knots and gives her a radius under power of (Continued on Next Page.) oilers, "Baise," "Charente" and "Mayenne." Pre- sumably these last will be of the same type as (Continued Overleaf.)

12 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL March, 1939 13 Naval Notes from Other Lands GERMANY: JAPAN wall in 1882 and for long afterwards regarded Two of the so-called escort vessels of the "F" with affection in that country as the cradle of October, 1934, and are reputed to be designed Two new destroyers of 2,000 tons, the its Navy. for a speed of 32 knots. series, of 600 tons displacement and 28 knots "Kurosio" and "Oyasio," were launched at speed, have been re-classified as fleet tendeis. Hudinagata, in October, and Maiduru, in Novem- Official details of the 12 new cruisers of the In place of the numbers by which they were ber, respectively. No information has been re- SIAM: "Regolo" class show them to be ships of 3,362 formerly known they have been given the names ceived as to their armament, but it will probably Later advices concerning the two cruisers tons displacement, with a main armament of of "Konigin Luise" and "Hai." Similarly, two be eight 5-inch guns and an equal number of eight 5.3-inch guns and a speed of 41 knots. of the old pre-War torpedo boats have been ordered in Italy suggest that they are not more torpedo tubes. They will be the biggest destroy- than 4,000 tons in displacement. It is probable given names, "Klaus van Bevern" and "Eduard ers ever built for the Imperial Japanese Navy. More names of new submarines under con- Jungmann," on assignment to duty as tenders. that they are similar to the new Italian ships struction have been published, these being Five cruisers of 7,000 tons or more and eight of the "Agrippa" class, which displaced about "Cagni," "Caraccilo," "Enrico Millo," "Liuzzi," big submarines are also reported to be under 3,500 tons, and are reported to be armed with construction. "Saint Bon" and "Tarantini." The ex-Austrian river flotilla has been re- eight 5.2-inch guns. organised with headquarters at Linz. It is now EGYPT: known officially as the "Donauflottille," and in- NETHERLANDS: SPAIN cludes not only the former Austrian craft, but The so-called flotilla leader "Tromp," of Egypt is the latest country to contemplate a number of additional units, names of which Repairs have been effected to the Republican 3,350 tons, which visited Portsmouth last month, naval expansion. Plans are being prepared for are reported as "Alberich," "Brunhild," destroyer "Jose Luis Diez." which has been lying is surely the biggest ship ever so classed. In- a small fleet, to include ships of various types up "Kriemhild," "Uta," "Nothung," "Nibelung" and disabled at Gibraltar since August last. French ternally she is very well planned, there being to small cruisers. "Schildung," taken from the "Nibelungen-Lied." labour and material were used, being brought by no waste of space apparent anywhere, while the sea from Oran. It remains to be seen whether, At present the nucleus of a Navy exists in the arrangements for the comfort of officers and now that the work is completed, the "Diez" will shape of two escort vessels and a surveying men are excellent, which is at is should be in make a dash for Cartagena. vessel, built by Messrs. Swan, Hunter on tne view of the station where she is to serve—the Tyne ; a motor patrol vessel launched two years GREECE: . TURKEY ago by Messrs. J. S. White & Co., of Cowes ; the Sundry obsolete vessels of the Royal Hellenic transport "Solium," which was originally the Altogether seven armoured gunboats are to be Navy have been removed from the list, includ- built, three of them to replace the pre-War A new minelayer of 500 tons, the "Atak," has British "Flower" type sloop "Syringa," dating ing the "Kissa," "Kichle," "Avra," "Nautilos," been launched from the Government dockyard from 1917; and the Royal yacht "Mahroussa," "Brinio" class. They will be vessels of 1,250 tons "Amphritriti" and "Prometheus." Of these the displacement, with a main armament of four at Golcuk. This is understood to be the second built at Poplar in 1865 and twice reconstructed, most interesting was the "Amphritriti," which ship built there for the Turkish Navy, the once on the Clyde and once at Portsmouth Dock- 4.7-inch guns, and will have exceptional protec- began as a transport in 1876, was later converted tion for such small ships. first being the oiler "Golcuk." Presumably the yard. into a Royal yacht and ultimately became a hos- "Atak" will replace the 52-year-old "Uyanik," pital ship. The surveying vessel "Nautilos" and which began her career as the Hugei salvage tug FBANCE: patrol vessels "Kichle" and "Kissa" were also NICARAGUA "Warren Hastings." somewhat antiquated, dating from 1884, while This Central American republic has purchased A new surveying vessel has been acquired for the "Prometheus," built in 1889, must have been a 75-ft. patrol boat from the United States the French Navy. This is the research ship almost the oldest oil tanker afloat. U.S. A. "President Theodore Tissier," built at Le Trait Coast Guard. Contracts have been placed for the four battle- in 1933, and driven by Diesel engines which give ships of the 1938 programme as follows: her the ability to "steam" continuously for 100 NORWAY "Indiana," Newport News Company; "Massa- days at 10 knots. She is equipped with modern ITALY: It is understood that the two destroyers to be . husetts," Bethlehem Shipbuilding Corporation, deep sea sounding apparatus and various other Quincy; "Alabama," Norfolk Navy Yard; and "gadgets." laid down for the Royal Norwegian Navy this Additional names of new submarines under year will be vessels of 1,170 tons displacement, "South Dakota," New York Shipbuilding One of the four new aircraft tenders building construction that have been reported are with a speed of 32 knots and an armament of Corporation. All are expected to be 35,000-ton under the 1937 programme has had her name "Alfredo Cappellini," "Baracca," "Faa di Bruno," three 4.7-inch guns, four smaller weapons and ships, similar to the "North Carolina" and changed from "Sans Crainte" to "Sans "Leonardo da Vinci," "Guglielmo Marconi" and four 21-inch torpedo tubes. They will be fitted "Washington," laid down in October, 1937, and Reproche." "Michele Bianchi." The majority are believed for minelaying. June, 1938, respectively. But it is reported that to be building at the Odero-Terni-Orlando yard, the two battleships of the 1939 programme will An order has been placed with the Chantiers Muggiano, but the first pair were laid down at be of over 40,000 tons. de France at Dunkirk for two fast naval oil Monfalcone on September 19. No particulars ROUMANIA: tankers of 19,500 tons displacement, to be named have yet been published of these vessels. Pre- A sail training ship of 1,630 tons, the "Mircea," Following the British Admiralty's example in "Saone and Seine." sumably the war-built monitor "Faa di Bruno" was launched at Hamburg in September, for com- the case of the "Dale" class of oilers, the U.S. will be renamed or discarded. Seven fleet tugs are under construction in pletion in January. In most features she resem- Navy Department has taken over a couple of various private shipyards on the Atlantic coast bles the German "Horst Wessel." Her name is tankers that were building for private concerns. of France. Six are of 1,000 horse power, the that of the first Roumanian warship, an auxi- (Continued on Next Page.) seventh—to be named "Buffle—of 2,000. liary composite brig of 350 tons, built at Black- (Continued on Next Page.)

THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL March, 1939 .14 15 These are the "Neosho" and "Cimarron," build- ing by the Federal Shipbuilding and Dry Dock NAVAL MOTES Company and the Sun Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company respectively. Both were laid Cockatoo Docks & down early last year. Commander: HENRY A. SHOWERS to "SWAN" Ileadnuuitor-Lieutenant: WILLIAM S. EDGERTON. Engineering Co. Pty. Ltd. in command, 28th January. 1939; FRANKLYN M.L.E.. to "PENGUIN." 10th January. 1939. B. MORRIS to "CANBERRA" and as Squadron VENEZUELA: (N) Officer, 26th January. 1939: DAVID H. HARRIES to "CERBERUS" for duty at Navy Paymaster Sub-Lieutenant: ATHOL L ROSE to A new "Mariscal Sucre" is in service, replac- Contractors to . . . Office, 28th January. 1939. "CANBERRA" for duty in Admiral s Otfice, 16th ing the 50-year-old ex-Spanish gunboat of the March. 1939; ALAN B. BRYAN to "PENGUIN" H.M. AUSTRALIAN NAVY Lieutenant-Commander: (S> JACK B. NEWMAN to for "ADELAIDE" in Reserve, 18th March. 1939. same name. No information is available as to "CERBERUS" for duty In connection with Wire- the new ship, which is thought to be a con- Ship-builders, Marine & General Engineers less Telegraphy Stations, 13th February. 1939; verted yacht or possibly an ex-torpedo boat. (N> JOHN F. RAYMENT to "PENGUIN" as Gunner: IT) HAROLD H. EDMONDSTONE to Master • Attendant, 24th January. 1939: PENGUIN" and for Reserve Ships. 27th Febru- LAURENCE E. TOZER to "PENGUIN" for ary. 1939; (T) FREDERICK W. DEAHM to Inquiries invited "ADELAIDE" in Reserve. 1st March. 1939. "CANBERRA," 26th Janutry 1939; (T) JAMES YUGOSLAVIA WILLIAM H. DICKINSON to "MORESBY" and E. PETERSON to "CERBERUS' and for Tor- as Assistant Surveyor 1st Class, 9th March, pedo School, 24th January, 1939: (T) JOHN 1939; JAMES B. S. BARWOOD to "PENGUIN" MCDONALD (Acting) to -VENDETTA." 13th An oiler of 3,400 tons deadweight is reported for "ADELAIDE" in Reserve, 1st March, 1939: January, 1939 to have been laid down for the Royal Yugoslav (N) HENRY M. BURRELL to "CERBERUS" Navy at the Cockerill Yard, Antwerp. COCKATOO ISLAND for duty at Navy Office. 13th March, 1939: (SI JOHN A.S. BRAME to "CERBERUS" for duty SYDNEY Wurrant Telegraphist: SYDNEY J. WILLMETTS at Navy Olllce as Assistant to Director of Signals to "PENGUIN." 16th January. 193'J and Communications, and as Port Wireless Tele- graphy Officer, 13th February. 1939: KARL E. Phone: W 1941 (10 lines) OOM to "CERBERUS" for passage to England per "OTRANTO." 14th January. 1939; HARLEY Wairant Kiectrlclan: KEITH I. KELLY to "PEN- GUIN" and for "ADELAIDE" in Reserve. 27th C. WRIGHT to "PENGUIN" for "ADELAIDE" In February. 1939: ROBERT W. NICHOLSON Reserve. 13th March, 1939. BIRT & COMPANY (Acting) to "SYDNEY." 23rd February. 1939 Lieutenant: GEOFFREY W. H. H. PAINE to "HOBART," 25th January. 1939; RODNEY I'aymast'r Midshipman: NEIL H. BRYAN to "CAN- [PTY.] LIMITED RHOADES to "VAMPIRE," 13th March, 1939; BERRA." 6th February, 1939. 4 BRIDGE STREET, SYDNEY, N.S.W. (G) MICHAEL M. SINGER to "SYDNEY." 17th January, 1939; CLIVE M. HUDSON to P.O. BOX 544 B., G.P.O. "CERBERUS" for passage to England per Cadet Midshipman: PHILIP BERRY-SMITH, "ORCADES,' 28th February. 1939: JOHN J. ALEXANDER D. BLACK. DOMARA H Alto at CODY to "CERBERUS" for passage to England CLARKE. EDWIN R. EDDY. GEOFFREY V. 64 EAGLE STREET, BRISBANE pel- "ORONSAY." 11th February. 1938; ROBERT GLADSTONE, ELDRED P. KEATINGE. ROB- H. E. KERRUISH to "CERBERUS" for MUSGRAVE COLD STORES, MUSGRAVE ERT C. SAVAGE. ERIC H. SIMMONDS. DUN- passage to England per "MALOJA," 4th March, WHARF. SOUTH BRISBANE. CAN H. STEVENS, JOHN P. STEVENSON and 1939: ROLFE L. WILLIAMS to "CANBERRA." ROBERT G. WATKINS to "CANBERRA." 26th 13th March. 1939: SAMUEL S. JAMES, M.B.E.. January, 1939. Shipping and General Agents to "CERBERUS," 5th February. 1939.

Instructor-Commander: FRANCIS G. REDNALL to Agents in Australia for: "CANBERRA" and for meteorological duties and Federal-Branch Service as Squadron Instructor Officer, 10th February, Federal Steam Navigation Co. Ltd., London 1939. The New Zealand Shipping Co. Ltd., London PROMOTIONS American and Australian Line, New York Osaka Syosen Kaisya Surgeon-Commander: FRANCIS J. MATTHEWS to Sub-Lieutenants WILLIAM F. COOK and HAROLD Swedish Australia Line "SYDNEY," 17th January, 1939. G. BURGIN to Lieutenant, to date 1st January. 1939. Swedish-Pacific Australia Direct Line and 1st February. 1939. respectively; SAMUEL S. Australind S.S. Co. Ltd., London Surgeon Lieutenant-Commander: HENRY W. JAMES, M.B.E., Commissioned Gunner (T) to Lieu- Montreal Australia New Zealand Line Ltd. GAULT to "CERBERUS" additional fcr passage tenant, to date 5th February. 1939; Paymaster Sub- Pacific Islands Transport Line to England per "NIAGARA" and "SAMARIA." Lieutenants WILLIAM D. H. GRAHAM and 19th January, 1939. WALTER H. ROSS to Paymaster Lieutenant, to date 1st January. 1939. and 1st February. 1939. Cargo "nd Passenger Services to United Kingdom, Conti- Surgeon-Lieutenant: WILLIAM J. McLAREN- respectively; HAROLD P. WALKE, Warrant Master- nental, U.S.A., Pacific and Eastern Ports. Full particulars ROBINSON to "YARRA" for Medical charge at-Arms to Commissioned Master-at-Arms. to date furnished on application. of Escort Vessels. 25th January. 1939: CLIVE 7th January, 1939: REGINALD P. ORAM. Warrant L. STATHAM to "CERBERUS." 23rd January-. Engineer to Commissioned Engineer. 1st January 1939. 1939.

THE NAVY LEAGUE March, 1939 17 Vice-Admiral Sir W. R. Creswell A "DISAFFECTED PERSON" "To Lord Fisher must be ascribed the vision driving in a taxi to the Prime Minister's Office, whereby, through the creation of the Fleet Unit (Continued from Page 7.) drafted the cable to the Home Government Their replacement was repeatedly urged by (a battle cruiser with attendant fast light cruis- offering to place this force under the direct Creswell, whose task also (says Feakes) "was to ers, destroyers and submarines), the situation in orders of the Admiralty." to form a reserve squadron for the Imperial inform, and oftentimes to convert, to the Gov- the South Pacific and Indian Oceans was saved in Squadron. It was estimated that the cost would ernment's declared naval policy an almost bi- the Great War so soon to burst upon the world; "From this time on, therefore, to the end of not exceed current naval expenditure if one ship annual change of Ministers." but it was largely Creswell who, over a period the war (says A. W. Jose, "Official History," Vol. was built every second year." of years, had kept the spirit of naval conscious- "To many in Australia, ignorant of Australia's IX., p. 8) the Naval Board occupied a rather At the same time Creswell wrote:— ness alive in Australia. He should be regarded naval history (continues Feakes). and disregard- anomalous position. On the one hand, it was "It has been said that the Australian is a poor as Fisher's 'John the Baptist.' In years of thank- ing the fact that Creswell was simply carrying part of the normal machinery of the Common- seaman, and does not take readily to sea work. less pioneering he prepared the way. out duties imposed upon him by the Government, wealth Government, dependent for money, and This scarcely needs contradiction. Australia for authority to spend it, on Federal Ministers his efforts were criticised as having a 'cut the has inherited her due share of the nation's and the Federal treasury. On the other hand, painter' objective. A London journal, equally "For fifty years the British vessels of war in genius for sea enterprise, either for war or com- the South Pacific had flown, some the White its actions and orders were controlled by the merce. The scheme put forward has been de- uninformed, though of great authority in naval British Admiralty, exactly as would be the circles, suggested that the agitation for a local Ensign and others a British Ensign with the signed to develop our naval capacity at the least Southern Cross in the field. It must have been actions and orders of the admiral commanding, (if any) additional cost to the country; but I navy was largely due to the personal self-interest say, at Dover; while the ships for whose upkeep of local officers. a proud day for Creswell to have finally con- would respectfully ask whether it would not be trolled a force whose vessels flew the White it was responsible to Australia became part of in the true interests of Australia and the Empire, "Visiting England in 1906, Creswell found him- Ensign at the ensign staff and the Southern the Imperial Navy, and were in course of time even at considerable cost, to develop locally those self 'persona non grata' at Whitehall. Com- Cross at the jack staff1—the White Ensign dispersed among British squadrons in various qualities of race and that sea profession which manders-in-chief at the home ports he was per- under which he had been born and bred, and oceans. Stated on paper, this dual control first gave us, and has since held for us, the land mitted to visit were notified that he was to be the Southern Cross, symbol of the country in obviously afforded unlimited opportunities for we live in." treated as a 'foreign naval attache.' Officially which he completed his life's work. friction; and even the pettiest sort of friction he was considered a 'disaffected person.' Had might easily have imperilled the whole arrange- BECOMES HEAD OF K.A.N. ment. not he unfavourably and publicly criticised the THE GREAT WAR Creswell's report also was shelved, since the Admiralty's selection of the comparatively weak agreement of 1902 between the Commonwealth 'Powerful' to relieve the new armoured cruiser In August, 1914, thanks largely to Creswell's "In practice, however, the amount of friction and the Admiralty (referred to above by Admiral 'Euryalus' as flagship of the Australian station, efforts, the Australian Squadron consisted of was extremely small and quite harmless, because Feakes) over-shadowed and superseded it. "But and, later, the withdrawal of all vessels of fight- the battle-cruiser "Australia," the light cruisers in employing the new machinery all parties (says Jose) in the debates on that agreement ing force to European waters to meet the ever- "Melbourne" and "Sydney," the destroyers exercised great discretion. The Admiralty, while it was frequently quoted and discussed, with the growing German naval strength in Europe, thus "Parramatta." "Yarra" and "Warrego," and the using its power on all normal occasions in the result that in the Validation Act a clause was leaving the outer fringes of the Empire defence- submarines "AE.l" and AE.2." Besides these the normal manner, was careful to give the Federal specially inserted whereby 'purely Australian less? Commonwealth "owned or controlled" the light Government an opportunity of considering ex- naval defence forces' were explicitly maintained cruiser "Encounter," which had been lent by the ceptional or very important orders before they "To Creswell, so orthodox of temperament, in addition to the new Imperial squadron. 'Such Admiralty until the "Brisbane," then building, were put into force. The Federal Government and so intensely proud of his early and family Australian forces,' says the Act, 'ships, and should be completed; the small cruiser "Pioneer," loyally concurred in all such orders, and made armament as may be approved by Parliament service connections, this was galling treatment. which had been presented to the Australian Gov- no difficulties rbout providing the means of shall be maintained by the Commonwealth and However, a drastic change of policy at White- ernment by the Admiralty; and several other executing them. The practice of this tactfulness be solely under its control.' Further, while all hall was at hand. The strengthening by Ger- out-of-date vessels, which had been taken over occasionally resulted in delays which would not discussion of naval defence schemes was for a many of her Pacific fleet by the addition of fast from the States at Federation, but were "still otherwise have occurred, but which were worth time neglected in favour of urgent internal re- cruisers and the armoured vessels 'Scharnhorst' considered fit for minor coastal services." Three the price, well worth paying, for satisfactory co- forms (e.g., compulsory arbitration), the author and 'Gneisenau,' also other happenings strongly other destroyers—"Huon," "Torrens" and operation between two overlapping authorities. of the 1902 report was in 1904 deliberately pro- represented by Creswell throughout the com- "Swan"—were then in course of construction at The usefulness of the Australian Navy for Im- moted by George Reid—then Prime Minister— munity in Australia, aroused a feeling of Cockatoo Island. Sydney, and were commis- perial purposes thus depended on a dual control to be Director of the Commonwealth Naval insecurity at Whitehall. From the policy of sioned in 1916. as was the "Brisbane." which, stated in black and white, might seem Forces." opposition to all local effort maintained by the almost unworkable, but which was made per- At this time the local naval forces consisted Imperial Defence Committee, the Admiralty fectly workable by the exercise of personal tact, inspired by a loyal enthusiasm for the greater of about 1000 men (nine-tenths of them engaged suddenly changed to a policy of unsparing assist- Throughout the period of the war Creswell, as objects of naval administration." on a militia basis) and a few hundred cadets. ance and encouragement. Personnel, material, first naval member of the Australian Naval The ships available were the "Cerberus" (launch- counsel and guidance were freely given. Board, continued as the Government's chief naval adviser. At the beginning of August. 1914, in ed in 1869) and "Protector" (1884), the gun- "Creswell; the erstwhile 'disaffected person,' On the Australian side this happy state of boats "Gayundah" (1884) and "Paluma" (1884); was promoted to flag rank, created K.C.M.G., and accordance with arrangements made during the affairs was largely contributed to by Creswell's the first-class torpedo-boats "Countess of appointed First Naval Member of a Naval Board previous two years, the Australian navy was innate courtesy, an example of which (taken Hopetoun" (1891) and "Childers" (1883); formed on the lines, and exercising the unlimited brought under the direct control of the Admir- from A.O.H., IX., 156) may be given here. When second-class torpedo-boats "Nepean" (1884), powers and authority, of Admiralty. alty for the period of the war. "It was a proud at the end of Sept., 1914, H.M.S. "Minotaur" and "Conadale" (1884), and "Mosquito" (1885), and moment for Creswell." writes one of his officers, (Continued on Next Page.) previously quoted, "when he and his assistants, two launches. (Continued Overleaf.) THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL March 1939 18 19 Vice-Admiral Sir W. R. Creswell —among other things he propounded a scheme, and advocated it most assiduously, for giving (Continued from Page 19.) the River Murray direct communication with the For all happy occasions, afloat sea by extending the Cou-ong Channel to Lace- THE STAFF OF LIFE . . . pede Bay. He died on April 20th, 1933, in his or ashore, the hostess can show the Japanese cruiser "Ibuki" were bringing the 81st year. is a New Zealand contingent to Albany to join the her individuality in the form ships of the first Australian convoy, the officer STURDIER STAFF she serves . . . commanding the "Minotaur," knowing that Aus- "His life story (wrote Admiral Chambers) is tralians were rather sensitive about the use of one which should be held in remembrance by if spread with Japanese warships on the Australian coast, wired coming generation of naval officers, for his to the Australian authorities: career was unique and one which can never be ARNOTT'S duplicated, for the conditions which led to the "Request information as to whether Japanese creation of the present Australian Navy can NORCO BUTTER cruiser 'Ibuki,' on arrival in company with the hardly arise again in any other part of the CRISP SAO 'Minotaur' at Australian port, would be ex- British Empire." Be sure to ask for . .. pected to salute the flag—observing that 'Mino- taur' is senior officer." "REVEILLE" BISCUITS

Creswell at once replied: the lightest and most desirable "Commonwealth Naval Board consider active base for savouries. Attractive, service in alliance with our flag and

"Allow me to express to Naval Board on be- half of Japanese Navy my deep appreciation of The Clan and Shire Lines the friendly action so fittingly expressed in their (Joint Service) telegram to captain of 'Minotaur.' We are Recent Passenger Liners grateful to Providence for the honour of co- • operating with our Allies in the restoration of OLOBEX With Babcock Boilers: the peace of the world, and trust Providence will (BEEF EXTRACT) "Strathellan" further honour us with an opportunity of co- "Strathmore" operating actively, and to some effect, in the "Stratheden" defence of a common interest in Far Eastern Regular line of Steamers to United "Orion" waters." "Orcades" Kingdom and Continent, taking Wool, The war over, Creswell was created a K.B.E., With Babcock-Johnson Boilers: Refrigerated and General Cargo. and in August, 1919, at the ripe age of 67, he "Arundel Castle" retired to a farming property that he had • "Windsor Castle" acquired at Silvan, outside Melbourne. The "Andes" loss of two of his sons during the war— All above vessels are oil-fired. Randolph, captain in the Camel Corps, at Tel el Khuweilfe in Palestine in November, 1917; Colin, With Babcock Boilers & Babcock- THE McARTHUR SHIPPING & AGENCY CO. For appetising flavour. strength - building submarine lieutenant, in the North Sea in nourishment and economy in use . . . you Erith Marine Strokers: PTY. LTD., TURNBULL MARTIN & CO. cant beat GLOBEX. It contains the full August, 1917—was a heavy blow to him. A Two new mail steamers (or the British third son, Edmund, lieutenant in the Australian strength and concentrated essence of the primest beef and it is made in a second. India S.N. Co. Ltd. Pioneers, was severely wounded at Bullecourt Kyle House, Macquarie Place Try it for soups, gravies, nourishing beef tea. (France) in May, 1917. SYDNEY and it makes really delicious sandwiches . . . Babcock & Wilcox Limited but spread it thinly. During the remaining years of his life Sir Wil- • Incorporated in England liam still took a keen interest in public questions Obtainable from all Chemists and Stores in I, Australian Head Office and Works: 2, 4 and 8 ox. jars or 4 and 8 ox. containers. REGENT'S PARK, N.S.W. 20 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL CHAPMAN Motor Launches and Engines hold pride of place in aquatics. They are used by 99% of the Launch "Hire Drive-Yourself" services throughout Australia. The Launch illustrated above is a 16ft. CHAPMAN WONDER LAUNCH fitted with the famous CHAPMAN "MASTER - PUP" Motor, the popular size. We carry in stock a complete range of launches from 12 to 20ft. in open, half-cabin and coach-house types. Remember the two epic ocean trips of the famous 16-foot motor boat "Pup," from Sydney down the N.S.W. and Victorian coasts, then across Bass Strait to Tasmania, eventually almost circumnavigating that State. Voyage number two was from Sydney, to and beyond the top peak of Australia; all under the power of a CHAPMAN 2^ h.p. engine. After these two voyages, both boat and engine were in excellent condition and further trips of hundreds of miles have since been done. Never has any other make of engine or boat of these sizes accomplished such remarkable feats. Also engines from 2^ to 10 h.p. operating on petrol, and the new 10 h.p. Diesel Engine. Our new pay-as-you-go policy enables you to secure one of these fine launches for £5, paying off the balance at a mere few shillings per week. CHAPMAN & SHERACK

ENGINE MANUFACTURERS AND LAUNCH BUILDERS

CLARA STREET, ERSKINEVILLE, N.S.W.

City Showroom : 70 Oxford Street, Sydney

Printed by Barrymore Press, 156 Cestlereegh Street, Sydney APRIL N.S.W. 1939 * /V ATA*^/^ REGULAR SAILINGS by luxury passenger liners to: TRAVEL Melbourne Adelaide INTER S TAT E Western Australia SEA... Brisbane B Y Mackay Townsville Cairns CAIRNS WINTER SEASON opens with sailing from Sydney. 2nd May. weekly thereafter; also for special trip by S.S. ORMISTON. 22nd June. 13th July. 3rd and 24th August. THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL

FULL PARTICULARS FROM CRUISES The Official Organ of the Navy League, N.S.W. Branch Th. Ad.l.id. S.S. Co.. Ltd.. 22 Bridq. S(r..t BW 2911 To Melbourne, Burnie Royal Exchange, 54a Pitt Street, Sydney. B7808 A.U.S.N. Co.. Ltd., 247 G.org. Str..t B 7511 and Devonport (Tas Howard Smith. Ltd.. 269 G.org. Stro.t B 7611 mania), Sydney. Bris- Hgddart. Park.r. Ltd.. 10 Brldq. Str..t BW 1441 bane and return to Mcllwr.itS, McEacharn. Ltd.. 19 Bridg. Str..t BW 1047 Sydney by s.s. "Ormis- Vol. 2—No. 4 (New Series) Sydney, April, 1939 Price 6d. Mslbourn. S.S. Co.. Ltd.. I Barrack Str.at BW 1803 ton." leaving Sydney 15th May. (Offices also at Newcastle) BY SEA IS BEST ! EDITORIAL

Where are Our Fishing Fleets?

Recent articles in current nautical publica- British Columbia has taken the first step in tions give prominence to the work being done this campaign. In February, 200 fishermen, by various countries in augmenting and manning some 42 fishing vessels, assembled at MILD strengthening their fishing fleets. Esquimalt, B.C. The craft in use are mostly Germany, as part of Goering's four-year plan, diesel or petrol-engined, and under normal has completely rebuilt her deep sea fishing fleet. working conditions serve as salmon trollers, CAPSTANS IN THE The motor trawlers to be put in service are, it fish packers, and cannery tenders. is stated, far superior in seaworthiness, engine power, and cruising radius to any vessels of Regulations are sufficiently elastic to allow their type that are now afloat. These small ves- the fullest individualism to members of this sels are initially a means of bringing prosperity group. Training will consist of 26 days of con- to the fishing industries of the Third Reich, but centrated routine covering gunnery, signalling, PACKET additionally, they are also intended for mine- general sea exercises and formation, and service sweeping and trawling duties m time of war. discipline. In time of war this reserve will operate independently, and its members will not Again, reports from Canada tell us that the serve aboard any of His Majesty's Canadian establishment of a Fisherman's Reserve is now ships other than their own fishing craft. Their time for a an accomplished fact The scheme provides the work will be to report enemy movements, to means for the Royal Canadian Navy to have at annoy and harry raiding parties, and to carry its disposal, In times of crises, an auxiliary out the general functions of mine sweeping SPECIAL MILD force of trained men — professional seamen — flotillas. MEDIUM AND who know every bay and inlet of the long Canadian coastline. (Continued Overleaf) CAPSTAN FULL STRENGTH April, 1939 1 KINDLY REMEMBER OUR ADVERTISERS The foregoing leads up to some points which LIVING DANGEROUSLY might be borne in mind here in Australia. With our vast, and largely unprotected, coastline the Visit the Orient ... The Story of the "Trevessa" formation of a reserve on similar lines to the Canadian Fishermen's Reserve would be of im- for Glamour, Romance, Charm BY ALAN HILL mense benefit to the Navy in carrying out I suppose the title of this article is self- plete her loading for New Zealand and Austra- patrol duties, and so freeing ships of the Ser- A-O Lino gives you tho last word in comfort and - explanatory — but there are many ways of lia. After an uneventful voyage by way of the vice proper for their real job of preventing a interest on a holiday trip to the East Monthly "living dangerously." In this tale of long Panama Canal, "Trevessa" reached New Zea- sailings by the Britisli Steamers "CHAN6TE" and chances I am confining myself to one sphere of land, called at several Maoriland ports, and raider from reaching these shores. As well, a hazardous existence — life at sea. I am going "TAIPING" provide excellent accommodation, then steamed across the Tasman to Sydney. to tell you the story of the British tramp From Sydney she went to Melbourne, her final scheme such as that adopted in Canada might both First and Second Class, and also Private steamer "Trevessa" and her crew; a story which port of discharge, and thence to Port Pirie, well add necessary impetus in peace time to Suites. See Australia's showground of marine life: is the modern counterpart of Captain Bligh's South Australia, to load for Europe. tho Barrier Reef and Thursday Island on the way 4,000 mile voyage in the "Bounty's" launch. what is a shockingly neglected industry on this to HONS KONG, CHINA. JAPAN and the At Port Pirie the empty ship was prepared to coast. It has taken visitors from overseas to PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. The "Trevessa" was built in 1909, at Flens- receive zinc concentrates. This is an awkward burg, in Germany, for the German Hai.ua Line's cargo, as even with a full load the hatches are discover for us the vast fishing potentialities East Indian cargo trade. Her original name was only partially filled. Therefore strict regula- and sources of marine wealth along our coast- "Inkemturn." Fully loaded, she displaced about tions with regard to loading have to be complied 8,000 tons. After the Great War she transferred with. Zinc concentrate is an extremely heavy, line, and our Australian fishing fleets would to the British Register, and flew the house-flag dust-like substance, and in the case of the of the Hain Line. "Trevessa's" cargo, contained about 10 per cent, stand increasing to an immense degree. First Class moisture, giving it a cement-like consistency. Return Faro to Japan £90 Special supervision had to be exercised in stow- Hain's ships are well known in Australian age; once concentrates are in a ship's hold, the England bewails the loss of her fishermen. In ports; doubtless many Journal readers will have chances of re-stowing the mass at sea are Return Fare to Hong Kong £76 seen them — big black tramps, their names the Old Country the industry has been allowed slender. The stuff sets, and its surface has to (NO EXCHANGE) starting with the prefix "Tre," and with large be broken before shovels can be used. to decline, with the result that it can now be white letter "H's" painted on their plain black funnels. In accordance with the company's termed a "depressed trade." Not only has the practice, Hain's altered the name "Inkemturn" A Warning* to "Trevessa." trade itself declined, but the numbers of men A marine surveyor inspected the "Trevessa's" Obtain full particulars, itinerary, etc. serving in it have dwindled to a fraction of holds before loading commenced, and discovered On 2nd February, 1923, "Trevessa," with Cap- three leaking rivets in the ship's side in No. 1 tain Cecil Foster in command, left Liverpool on their 1914 strength. And it would be well to from hold. Keep these rivets in mind — they may what was destined to be her last voyage. There have had some bearing on what followed a remember the invaluable service the fishermen were 46 men in her crew — 31 Britishers, 1 couple of weeks later. Swede, and 14 natives — Arabs, West Indians. of England gave to the Navy and their country Burmese, Malays, Africans and Indians. The At the surveyor's instructions, the rivets during the years of the Great War. The articles A-O. LINE coloured people were employed as firemen, were caulked and hammered up, and the leaking (Incorporated in Hong Kong) greasers and trimmers. ceased. The ship was then passed as being in a mentioned in this Editorial certainly provide fit condition to load and proceed to sea. The "Trevessa" completed her loading, and left food for thought, and it would be a good thing Trouble from the Start! G. S. YUILL & CO. PTY. LTD. Port Pirie for Fremantle on May 15th, her final for Australia if her fishing industry could be destination being Antwerp, via Durban. (Managing Agents) Right from the start the "TreveEsa" struck increased to absorb sufficient men who would, trouble; she ran into a hurricane in the North Now let me digress a moment, to air some in time of war, be at their country's disposal as Atlantic. After a severe buffeting the ship nautical superstitions. In the first place, it is 6 Bridge Street, Sydney reached her first port — Sidney, Cape Breton, supposed to be unlucky to change a ship's name a force of trained seamen, ready to perform Canada. However, she was soon forced to leave, —and "Trevessa" was originally "Inkemturn." as there was grave danger of her being "iced And then there were the cats! Black and other- duties particularly peculiar to the business of in." From her next port — Louisville, Nova deepsea fishing. Scotia — she proceeded to New York, to com- (Continued Overleaf) THE EDITOR. April, 1939 THE NAVY LEAGUE jOURNJ 3 "LIVING DANGEROUSLY" It was also evident that the leak was above the level of the concentrates in the hatch. This, wise, they caused many a member of the crew being almost impervious, would not allow the BEATTY OF JUTLAND to forecast trouble in large quantities for the water to percolate through to the bilges, where By EDNA COUSINS "Trevessa." A black cat, adopted at Port Pirie, the pumps could suck it up. This factor made left just before the ship sailed. Another black the position doubly dangerous; pumping was From the thrilling Armada days of Drake to Mistress of the Sea. One ot the fines; cat had deserted at Timaru, New Zealand — and the only hope, as the hatches on deck could the present time there have been many courage- manoeuvres of the battle was in drawing the Captain Foster had "disposed" of two of her not to be taken off — the holds would have been ous sons of the sea who have fought for the German ships right into the jaws of the battle litter of six black kittens! As soon as the "Tre- swamped by the heavy sea running. freedom of the Empire under the White Ensign. squadron commanded by Lord Jellicoe. The vessa" left Port Pirie she struck bad weather, The most illustrious admiral of the modern Germans were so severely bitten by the British and a beautiful tabby, special pet of the foc'sle, A Gallant Effort navy was a daring young Irishman by the name bulldogs that they never ventured outside theu sickened and died! No wonder wiseacres in the of David Beatty. As years went by he proved ports again in full force. crew's quarters wagged their heads! The chief and second engineers went below to be a second Nelson. One of the greatest moments of Beatty s il- into the forepeak, and attempted to knock rivets Joining the Royal Navy on his thirteenth lustrious career was when, as Commander-in- Headed for Home out of the collision bulkhead between the fore- birthday, he spent two years aboard the train- Chief, he led the Grand Fleet in the "Queen ]>eak and No. 1 hold. This would allow the water The "Trevessa" punched her way across the ing ship "Britannia" before going to sea. Elizabeth" to receive the surrendered ships of egress to the forepeak, where the pumps could Bight, picked up 400 tons of bunkers at Fre- At the early age of 25 we find him in com- the German navy, and escorted them back to cope with it. But the engineers were only work- mantle, and left Western Australia in fine mand of a gunboat, and for his conspicuous the Firth of Forth. He ordered a thanksgiving ing on that bulkhead for a short time when it weather on 25th May, en route for Durban. service under heavy fire he was awarded the service to be held aboard every ship that day. buckled and cracked with the weight behind it. D.S.O. From the rank of lieutenant he was pro- Beatty answered the last call on the 11th But the fine weather only lasted a day. By this time No. 1 hold must have been nearly moted to commander, and in 1900 served aboard March, 1936, and was laid to rest among the Twenty-four hours out the ship was bucking full. It was clear now that the ship was doomed. H.M.S. "Balfour" on the China Station. Here honoured leaders of the Empire in St. Paul's into a wind that was rising to gale force, bring- it was that he proved himself a born leader. Cathedral. His deathless spirit will still be ing a big sea along with it. The bad weather The End of "Trevessa" During an attack on a small fort he was severely watching over the navy that he loved so well, continued until it reached its peak on June 3rd. wounded, and only his indomitable will enabled and he will for ever be the inspiration of the In the morning a green sea came aboard, tear- At 1 a.m. Captain Foster gave orders to pre- him to carry out the work with which he had lads who have been chosen to serve their King ing the two port lifeboats from their lashings, pare to abandon ship. The two port lifeboats been entrusted. When the fort had surrendered and Empire under the glorious White Ensign. and smashing their chocks. were not utilised, on account of the battering and the Union Jack hoisted, Beatty received a they had received, so the two starboard boats blow on the head which almost proved fatal. The ship was hove-to, and the boats secured were provisioned and swung out. Again cats This was followed by a long period of ill- after a fashion. All day, still hove-to, seas come into our tale. A tabby and her four new- swept over the "Trevessa," washing her down health, which threatened to bring his naval born kittens were placed in the captain's boat, career to a conclusion. He made a complete like a half-tide rock. Then came black night, but puss had other ideas — she bolted! It was with the vessel heaving and plunging, continu- recovery, however, and was later promoted to useless taking the kittens without their mother, the rank of captain. It is worthy of note that ously hammered by huge, driving waves. All so they were returned to the deck. things considered, she behaved very well—save he was the youngest officer in the history of the Royal Navy to hold that position. At the age for one thing. She was not lifting to the seas At 2.15 a.m. the "Trevessa" was down by as buoyantly as her officers would have liked. of 38 he rose to the rank of Rear-Admiral, and the head at an alarming angle — and "abandon lie also became an A.D.C. to the late King This "logginess" was put down to the dead- ship" was ordered. HOW the boats were got weight of zinc concentrates in the forward Edward. Two years later he received a knight- away is a mystery — a feat of marvellous hood. holds. seamanship. Remember, there was a flfty-mile- The outbreak of war in 1914 found Sir David an-hour gale in full blast, pitching up seas Disaster in command of the First Battle Cruiser thirty feet high — and huge seas were sweeping Squadron, flying his flag in the "Lion." On the the stricken "Trevessa" from end to end. How- Then, at midnight, came the news every sea- morning of 28th August, 1914, he led his ships Ship by Patrick St«am«rs ... ever, they DID get the boats lowered and away; farer dreads — the ship had sprung a leak! into action at the Battle of Heligoland. In one fireman fell between the ship's side and a Ship by Patrick Steamers and be sure of An A.B. struggled to the bridge with the report January, 1915, came the Dogger Bank engage- that he could hear water swishing around be- boat, but was speedily rescued. the molt careful handling of fregile cargo. ment, when the flagship was put out of action. Prompt and lafe delivery it assured. Mark neath the deck in the foc'sle — down in No. 1 your orders "Ship par Patrick Sieamer" At 2.45 a.m., two and three quarter hours Beatty proved his fearlessness by boarding the hold! Remember those leaking rivets at Port destroyer "Attack," when the fight was hottest. and gat all tha advantages of Patrick after the leak was first reported, the "Tre- service. Pirie? Had they worked loose again? Captain "Attack" came safely through the bombard- vessa" gave one final lurch, and slithered bow- Foster immediately ordered the wells sounded, ment. and the pumps to be started. The pumps WERE first into the depths of the Indian Ocean. The JAMES PATRICK & CO. The climax of Beatty's career was reached started, but failed to pick up any water. It was dynamos had been left running, and she must at Jutland, one of the greatest naval battles of PTY. LTD. soon apparent, by the ship's sluggish movements have presented a strange and heart-breaking history. He led his ships into action as fear- SCOTTISH HOUSE. BRIDGE STREET, SYDNEY in the seaway, that she was taking water into lessly as did Nelson at Trafalgar. It was here No. 1 hold, and taking it in fast! Telephone : |W«ltl It lines) (Continued ou page )6) he showed the world that Britannia is Btill

4 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL March, 1939 U THE U.S.A. BLUEJACKET

BY PATRICK VAUX

The U.S.A. bluejacket' The man who knows, recruit takes to the Navy quicker and easier. or, rather, pretends he knows, persists in ad- Incidentally, the efficiency of inlanders, in vancing the "fact" that some sixty per cent, of both the British and German Navies during the its personnel consists of those who have previ- last war, was noteworthy. But, as the U.S.A. ously served in the British Navy! This wise- have found, few of them are stayers on their acre is quite a number of generations behind present term of service having been completed. the time", apart irom the utter fatuity of his And this is unfortunate for Uncle Sam with his percentage, for what applied to the American increasing number of vessels to man. personnel in the 1812-14 hostilities does not ap- ply to-day. Then, they that "ran" from the From 5.30 a.m. till 9.30 p.m. personnel on Senior Service, to enlist under the Stars and service lead a most active life. They, however, Stripes, "ran" to escape what appears to us, of the Atlantic Fleet, uising on the Home in a number of instances, to have been an Stations, the East Coast, Gulf of Mexico, and existence of almost incredible tyranny and West Indian waters, have much more leave and harshness, and found their new Service just as rest. bad! Even as late as the times of Hermann Melville in the U.S.A. Navy—and, incidentally, At 5.30, after he has had his "cawfy," he his "White Jacket" did as much to abolish turns to and cleans ship's guns and brasswork, flogging in the American Navy as Reade's till at 7.30 breakfast is piped; and he is thor- "Never Too Late To Mend" did for prison re- oughly glad to hear it. Great attention has form in England—English or British naval been and is paid to his rations, and the follow- seamen still bulked in the American personnel; ing, only an average breakfast, is one which though, in some instances, the individuals con- vanishes in a few minutes notwithstanding its cerned had but inured themselves for further vast quantities:—Boiled eggs, oatmeal porridge trials on their hardihood. and cream, bread and butter, and coffee. If friendly with the cook, you may supplement To-day, however, the U.S.A. bluejacket3 are a supplies with a kipper or two, and such like hundred per cent. American. And the quickness delicacies. and thoroughness of moulding the raw material, Breakfast over, the men proceed to dress in the greater part wholly ignorant of ships and the rig of the day, which rig is usually an- the sea when first dumped into the training nounced during the breakfast. Anything fit station, form the augury against that hou. enough to conceal the nakedness of the male when all is at stake for the cortimand of the can be worn from "All hands," or five in the Pacific, and the U.S.A. Fleet selects the real morning, until "Colours" at eight o'clock. At from the adroitly-misleading passages on the this hour the buglers, exact to the second, sound arsenal bases of islands that have been man- off "Colours" — notes that with the British dated for peace and progress and not the Navy's girdle the globe — the Ensign is hoisted, malfeasance of war. and the band strikes up with the national air. As the last notes ring out, the crew, standing The alacrity with which young American at attention and facing aft, salute the flag. If manhood adapt themselves fittingly to the the vessel is in port all hands are on duty from change of environment--some 85 per cent, of "Colours" to sunset; but, in the dog watches, them, and more, never having even sniffed salt from 4.30 to 8 p.m. the men are allowed plenty water afore—is, as the German War proved, of leeway as regar4s leisure. enough proof that, to become an "efficient Block by Courtesy "1 Navee" or bluejacket, you do not need to have At 8.15 a.m. they turn to, and prepare for been born in a trawler or other fishing smack, Anti-aircraft practice with 4-inch gun on H.M.S. " Phoenix, much less, a herring boat; though a coastal (Continued on page 8)

6 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL April, 1939 7 "U.S.A. BLUEJACKETS" and lashings of gravy, sweet corn, fresh fruit and coffee; next day, fresh roast beef with a dressing, boiled cabbage, bread and butter, and daily drill and inspection; and, at 9.15, come SEA CADET MOTES the inevitable coffee; and so on, though the morning quarters, all the divisions mustering menu has varied with the years. The food is for a minute examination of each man by his prepared by cooks under the supervision of the "VICTORY" TRAINING DEPOT The heat of the "Blackwood Trophy" between divisional officer. Already at 9 o'clock the exe- ship's cook-in-chief. And a mightily important cutive officer has begun his daily inspection of North Sydney and Woolwich resulted in a dead officer he is. Only of late years has the British (By L. R. V. Smith, O. in C.) heat. It was a very fine race, and both crews the vessel. Meantime, the divisional officer is Admiralty also realised that the way to the men running his "tape" over each man—cleanliness, deserve praise for their efforts. The heat was is per ventrum! re-rowed at Woolwich depot on Saturday, 26th, the general trim of him, compliance with uni- The Navy League Sea Cadet Corps, and es- pecially "Victory" Training Depot, has been a resulting in a win for Woolwich by a quarter form requirements, and all the six and half-a- After an hour off, the hands turn to at 1 p.m. of a length. Woolwich are to be congratulated dozen points called for in the smart "Navee." hive of activity during the past month. On Sat- Then, on the day they wash their clothes and urday, 4th March, The Earl Beatty inspected upon their excellent racing crews. They car- bedding, it is now the pipe is heard to down detachments from the various depots at V.T.D., ried off every race, and thoroughly deserved the The muster finished, he reports to the execu- clothes and bedding. More drill follows at and although rainy weather slightly upset the trophy with which they were presented. It tive officer, who in turn reports to the officer 2 p.m., together with boat exercises and the all- programme of inspection, on the whole the day certainly looks as if "Victory" will have to look commanding. Physical drill carried out, the necessary "clean ship." Not till 4.30 is work was one of the best seen in Sea Cadet Circles. to their laurels, and get some much needed bugle or microphone proclaim what the "stunt" knocked off, to be resumed at 5 p.m. with even- V.T.D. ratings were very proud when Earl rowing practice in. of the day is; for from 9.30 till 11.30, week in, ing quarters for muster, followed by the inevit- Beatty crossed the harbour in the A.Y. "Susan week out, year following year, the U.S.A. able calisthenics. At last, on the stroke of six, Bell," owned by the President of their depot. "blue" is at drill, drill, drill, varying from gun comes the pipe to knock off for supper, and it Our thanks are due to Mr. F. Lewis, of Strath- exercises to infantry formations, and boat drill, is as varied and toothsome as the other meals. field, who presented the depot with a knotting collision drill, torpedo attack drill, abandon Sometimes, canned salmon and salad dressing, On Saturday, 18th March, V.T.D. experienced board, all the knots having been carved in wood and tacked to a handsome base board. ship, and others till, at 11.30, the plying for fried potatoes, stewed fruits, mountains of possibly the greatest day in its history, namely, efficiency concludes for that forenoon. Sudden- bread and butter and oceans of tea; or, again, the launching of a new 28 ft. motor cutter, pre- ly the alarm gongs clang forth all over the ship, cold sliced meats with potato dressing, fresh sented by Sir Thomas Gordon. The cutter was Once again we can report "All's well at and whistles pirl; every man jumps to take the fruits, bread and butter, and tea. Their "eats" launched from the new slipway, the cost of V.T.D." post required by his number; and, in a re- are very varied, and few grumble thereat. which was met through the generosity of Mr. markably brief time, all hands are at stations, Hammocks are served out at 7.30, and from 8 William Dixson. After breaking a bottle of cham- and the seeming confusion and tumult are suc- to 9 p.m. the men are busy drilling—search- pagne across the cutter's bows, Sir Thomas cut ceeded by order and quiet. Drill, drill, till the lights, signals, and the rest. Tattoo is sounded the mooring line, and the cutter slid gracefully MARTINS into the water. The League of Ancient Mariners, retire is sounded. off at 9 o'clock; and, at last, on the stroke of Naval Outfitters three bells of the first watch, comes the very on a hired Manly ferry, honoured the cutter by their presence. (Established 20 years) Meanwhile, justice, and sometimes tragedy, is welcome "taps" that, generally speaking, closes being dealt just abaft the mast. the day's work. Mr. W. M. Hughes (Minister for External Af- 1st FLOOR Than the U.S.A. naval seaman there be none fairs), Sir Kelso King, Alderman Stanton 176 GEORGE ST. NORTH Transgressors having been assembled on the (Near Quay) quarter-deck by the master-at-arms, the officer better fed, and none, too, as handsomely paid; (Mayor of North Sydney), Judge Backhouse, Rear Admiral Stevenson, Captain M. B. R. commanding takes position opposite the middle yet the percentage of deserters is all too high, consequent on the greater attractions of the Blackwood, and many other official guests "The Navy League Store" of the row of delinquents, who, on his arrival, attended. promptly salute. There is a group of officers shore with its freedom and higher wages. Makers of regulation uniforms as behind him, and idlers perch themselves here Though in these times of financial depression in supplied to the Navy League Sea and there, impelled by curiosity. The ship's the States only the Jack Shalloo decamps A fete in aid of votes for Miss Navy League (Miss Susan Bell) was opened by Mr. Hughes, Cadet Corps sincc its inception writer with the report book and enlistment re- ashore for the charity ticket and garbage cans! who thanked and praised Sir Thomas Gordon, in N.S.W. cords calls out the first name on the report and There will be no deserters when the need arises with the sounding ofF of "Action stations" in Mr. Dixson and Mr. Theo. Marks for their gen- the offence therewith. The individual concerned erous gifts to V.T.D. steps forward, facing the O.C., and usually gets any fight for the Philippines and the command Complete Uniforms, including Suit, it "in the neck;" the Head of the Ship tries to of the Pacific. Cap, Ribbon Collar, Landyard, do his duty conscientiously. It is through the generosity of Mr. Marks Silk, Front. that we have been able to instal sanitary arrangements. No. 2 Serge £2/5/- The call of mess gear is sounded at 11.45, and No. I Serge, with cuffs £2/12/6 at noon dinner is piped. Like the other meals of the North American Lower-deck, it is made up Rear Admiral Stevenson presented "Victory" of pleasing, plenty and attractive variety with a very handsome writing stand made from Official Outfitters to the throughout the week. One day there is roast wood from the old H.M.A.S. "Sydney." This will, Navy League Sea Cadet Corps veal and mashed potatoes with a bread sauce indeed, be a treasured addition to the ward room. U 8 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL March, 1939 "SEA CADET NOTES" The community spirit of the Sea Cadet Corps was well in evidence, as special squads from Woolwich and Manly combined to assist North DIVISIONAL INSPECTION Sydney Division in presenting what was un- doubtedly a very creditable performance to all concerned. Addressing the cadets, Earl Beatty On Saturday, 4th March, "Victory" Training said:— Depot was honoured by a visit, and a Divisional inspection, by the Rt. Hon. the Earl Beatty, "The uniform you are wearing gives you Chairman of the Grand Council of the Navy entry into an organization that provides a League, London. chain of disciplined youth throughout thf Empire. In the Navy League discipline is in- Earl Beatty, Rear-Admiral Stevenson (Presi- sisted upon right from the start, and indeed, dent, Navy League, N.S.W. Branch), and the the Navy League Sea Cadet Corps is the onlv Secretary of the N.S.W. Branch of the Navy youth organisation which actually does so. League, were met at Man-of-War steps by the You are looked upon to do a job of work in auxiliary schooner yacht "Susan Bell," and the future, and I would ask you to see to it proceeded at "easy steam" across the harbour, that you prepare yourselves for it. Good-bye. arriving at "Victory" Training Depot at 3 p.m. good luck, and remember always the Navy Earl Beatty disembarked to the clicking of League's motto: 'Keep Watch!'" Press camera shutters and the whirring of movie cameras, to be received on the wharf by Sir Thomas Gordon (Executive Committee, N.S.W. Branch. Navy League, Patron of "Vic- tory," Commander Spain (Executive Committee, N.S.W. Branch, Navy League), and Captain Maurice Blackwood, D.S.O., R.N. (Ret.), Officer Commanding, Navy League Sea Cadet Corps.

On being introduced to Mr. Smith, O.C., "Vic- tory" Training Depot, Earl Beatty inspected the guard of honour and divisional and visiting offi- cers of the Sea Cadet Corps were presented to him.

Splendid displays of signalling, squad drill, boatswork, seamanship, and general Navy League routine were given, and Earl Beatty ex- pressed himself very pleased with the general standard of efficiency maintained. He was par- ticularly interested in the "new entry" class. The ceremonial side of the parade was in the capable care of Mr. D. J. Mort, Officer-in-Charge, Signalling and Physical Training, N.L.S.C.C., who carried out his particularly difficult part of the manoeuvres with the snap and precision that can only be acquired by years of naval service in smart ships. During the afternoon boat- pulling races were engaged in, and in spite of a wet, drizzly afternoon, everything went with a swing.

Earl Beatty was entertained at afternoon tea in the Depot wardroom, and whilst there ex- pressed his keen appreciation of the good work being done by Navy League Sea Cadet officers.

April, 1939 11 Earl Beatty Shows Them How! Block by court eay "Dally Telegraph' WOOLWICH DIVISION in a good deal of boatwork, thanks to the gen- erosity of North Sydney, who allow us to use COMMANDING AND COMMANDS (By R. C. Collison, Hon. Secretary, Woolwich their boats. N.L. Committee) We have been holding classes for Leading Sea- (By D. J. MORT, O. in C. Signals and Physical Training, N.L.S.C.C. Since our last notes, Woolwich Division has men, and great interest has been taken in them. increased considerably in numbers, and we are The Division hopes to be holding an "At Home" getting a strong force of cadets together. In- shortly, when a presentation of medals and In the April, 1938, issue of the Journal a few exercise he is performing. Some exercises re- structional work has been mostly confined to badges will take place. words on discipline were submitted for the quire a smart and sharp "executive" order, signalling, knotting and boatwork, and interest We would like to extend our congratulations . guidance of Cadets of the Sea Cadet Corps. others a slow one. Every movement of the class in all phases of the work is very keen. At the to Cadets Niverson, L. Soars, R. Perse, E. Particular emphasis was placed on the duties must be smart, and this can only be accom- week-ends cadets are making full use of the Perse, and Hamilton for the excellent work they of Petty Officers and Leading Hands, with re- plished if the instructor knows how to give his skiff and whaler for sailing. did in the last regatta. The last three men- gard to taking charge of Classes and Cadets orders. On Saturday, 11th March, the Inspecting tioned had never been in a service boat before, generally. So long has elapsed since this article Officer, Captain Hill, shouted the Woolwich and they put up a very good effort indeed. We appeared that it may have been forgotten; per- Cadets ginger beer and cakes as a reward for hope to see them row Manly to victory in the haps indeed, it was passed over as being of It is his duty to control the class and not the their splendid performance on Anniversary Day near future. small importance in the duties of a Petty Offi- class to control him. He should discourage last. His generosity was very much appreciated cer or Leading Seaman. But to these ratings talking during drill. Cadet Petty Officers and by the whole Division. We would like to thank Mr. Rye for his un- the subsequent result of the Cadets' training Leading Seamen will not be advanced or con- tiring efforts to put this division on its feet. and general efficiency is a responsibility entrust- firmed in rating until they have passed a practi- The regatta held on the Lane Cove River on Also Mesdames Soars, Gidley and Walsham for ed to them by the Officers of the Divisions to cal examination in taking charge. Existing 25th March, was quite a success considering the the excellent work they are doing. which they belong. They must remember that Petty Officers and Leading Seamen will, in the adverse weather conditions. Woolwich crews put they have been rated with the object of assist- near future, undergo a "Requalifying Course" up a good effort to scoop the pool, thanks to the The Manly Division is going to form a younger ing Officers, and of relieving them of some of in taking charge. excellent coaching of their O.C., Mr. Tottman, set, under the guidance of Mrs. Walsham, and the work and responsibility of training a large by winning the first heat of the "Blackwood officers and cadets wish them every success. number of boys. Trophy," the "Bonnington Cup" for juniors, and the "Cook Cup" for seniors. North Sydney must The Navy League Sea Cadet Corps should be congratulated on their fine pulling. They put "Taking charge" does not only mean order- become the most efficient and smartest body up a good effort, but conditions did not favour ing a few Cadets around; it means giving cor- of youths and boys under training in N.S.W., them. The afternoon's racing was finished off rect orders, to bring about a result which both and this can only be accomplished by every Officer, Petty Officer and Leading Seaman pay- with a hard-fought race between Lane Cove Old looks well and is highly efficient. Petty Officers ing particular attention to the correct orders Boys and Woolwich Old Boys. The judge's deci- and Leading Seamen are quite useless if they cannot give correct orders or be trusted to con- and methods of training. Even though the sion was Lane Cove first by two feet. Our movement is purely voluntary, there must be hearty congratulations are extended to the trol a class, or body of Cadets, either under instruction or working. strict discipline, so that Cadets will bring credit T.ane Cove Old Boys on their splendid pull, and to their Officers and Instructors, as well as to to Mr. W. Clarke, who stroked the winners to the Depot and the Division to which they belong. victory. During the interval of races, afternoon An incompetent Petty Officer or Leading Sea- The first care of the rating in charge is to tea was served by the ladies' committee. AND YOU'LL HAVE IT ! man can do a lot of harm to the system if not see that he himself presents a smart appear- checked. Only by strict observation by the Offi- We have found an ardent worker in the Hon. ance when giving orders. Quite often a rating cers can this checking be ensured. Treasurer, Mrs. Williams, to whom we offer our A quiet spot in the garden is sate enough in charge of a class or working party may be sincere thanks, and also our thanks are due to for an old bone, but the Communwedlth seen walking about, shouting unintelligible Mr. Tom O'Byne, who has been putting in some Savings Bank is the safest place to plant orders, pointing at Cadets — and getting noth- hard work at the depot. your savings. You know where to find ing done. Especially is this apparent when some Leading hands may be excellent and efficient your money when you need it. You know of the Petty Officers and Leading Hands are ratings in some particular branch of the Ser- that it is gathering interest month by taking a class in physical drill. vice, but when it comes to the trusted position month—year by year. Unlike the bone of "Taking Charge" they are all at sea. It is MANLY DIVISION in the garden, it improves as the years not fair either to the Cadets or to themselves go by. It should be borne in mind that the instructor to allow such a state of affairs to continue, and (By G. H. Smith, O. in C.) , is the base on which the class builds its results. SAVE WEEKLY —SPEND WISELY in lots of cases ratings are not entirely to If he cannot show the class an exercise done blame. They are sometimes rated to make up Manly Division is still gaining steadily in correctly and smartly, it cannot be expected to numbers. This, unfortunately, cannot always be strength, and prospects are very bright for its do it with any degree of efficiency. He should avoided; but is not advisable, without first put- future. We hope to have the boatshed built demonstrate the exercise first, with the class ting candidates through a short course of shortly so that we will be able to take delivery Over 4,000 Branches and Agencies standing "at ease." His "caution" and "execu- "Taking Charge." In future this course will be of our new whaler. The lads have been putting tive" orders should be in accordance with the a compulsory part of their training.

12 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL April, 1939 -

one entire unit was the unwieldiness of his apparatus and the sacrifice of valuable cargo MEN WHO HARNESSED A GIANT space. Hulls' description of his quaint power . . _ plant is interesting:- ANZAC DAY, 1939

"In some convenient part of the Tow-Boat From the Longship to the "Queen Mary" there is placed a Vessel about two-thirds full of Water, with the Top close shut. This Vessel^ being kept boiling, rarifies the Water into a , BY "A.H." Steam, this Steam being convey'd thro' a large Pipe into a Cylindrical Vessel and there con- dens'd into a Vacuum, which causes the weight Right up to the time of the displacement of Papin's day so, after a period in Paris as assis- of the Atmosphere to press on this Vessel, and sailing ships by steamers on the oceans of the tant to Huygens, the famous Dutch scientist, so presses down a Piston that is fitted into the world, scientific minds ashore and afloat have Papin went to England. He was then 23 years Cylindrical Vessel in the same manner as in been exercised by one big problem. How, in the of age. His ability as a physicist won the appro- Mr. Newcomen's Engine, with which he raises absence of oars, sails, or wind, to propel a ship val of the great Boyle, whose assistant he be- Water by Fire." through the water at a reasonable speed. came. In 1630 Papin was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society, and later became Curator of AS far back as the third century B.C. there that institution. In 1688 he accepted a profes- Hulls tried his tug on the River Avon near are records of man at sea attempting to over- sorship of mathematics at the university of Evesham. Commercially, it was a failure. Then, Marburg, in Hesse. In 1707 Papin invented as now, the question was how to obtain maxi- come his reliance on sail or oar. In 264 B.C. mum efficiency with minimum cost, and in these Appius Claudius Caudex transported Roman what was actually the first steam-driven ship. essential points Hull's craft fell far short of troops across the Straits of Messina in ships He carried out his experiments on the River the mark. propelled by paddle wheels, rotated by oxen- Fulda, and the trials were so successful that driven capstans. A bas-relief of the period is Papin determined to steam down to the sea in existence showing a galley rigged with these and cross to London! Hulls went farther with his idea, and sug- paddle wheels on either side. gested that his "Tow-Boat," when navigating But the Hessian boatmen had other ideas: shallow waters, could be converted into a kind This idea was exploited by many, notably possibly they saw a threat to their livelihood of dot-and-carry-one machine. As he said, "the Blasco de Carray, a Biscayan, in 1543. He tried in the new-fangled craft propelled without sails Tow-Boat . . . could remove the propelling out a mechanically propelled vessel of 109 tons, or oars. So the watermen of the Fulda attacked paddles, and have cranks placed at the hind- the paddles being turned by man-power. Later the vessel when it reached Minden, and totally most Axis to strike a Shaft to the bottom of he experimented with a ship twice that size. destroyed it. Papin barely escaped with his life. the River, which will drive the Vessel forward In each case the speed attained was about three Denis Papin never recovered from the shock with greater Force." A variety of mechanical knots. Even as late as 1829, Captain Charles and grief occasioned by the destruction of his punt-pole! Napier, R.N. drove the frigate "Galatea" with brain child. He died in 1712. side paddles turned by winches on the ship's main deck. Whilst he was in England, Papin also invented The illustration of his "Tow-Boat" printed in his pamphlet would make modern tug-masters The idea of using steam to supply motive a steam-cooking apparatus — he called it a "di- gester" — which incorporated a device which smile. One point, however, is worthy of note. THE NAVY LEAGUE HONOURS AUSTRALIA'S power seems to have originated in the early Unlike all mechanically propelled craft up to 17th century, and later in that era various dis- was in many respects the forerunner of the GLORIOUS DEAD. modern steam safety valve. that date, the paddle wheel is placed at the coveries and inventions led men on in the in- stern instead of on either side. Indeed, in ap- vestigating of the potentialities of steam. The The first Englishman to employ steam as a parance, Hulls' "Tow-Boat" could not have been giant was nearly harnessed to do man's will. means of driving ships was a Gloucestershire unlike the river stern-wheeler of our time. The demonstrations of Soloman de Caus, Otto man, Jonathan Hulls. In 1736 he patented a von Gueneke, Torricelli, and the inventions of method for propelling ships which, in the follow- Peculiar, and "Heath Robinson-like" as Hulls' the Marquis of Worcester, Thomas Savery, and ing year, he outlined in a pamphlet as "A Des- invention, with its straps, pulleys and gadgets Thomas Newcomen gradually brought about cription and Draught of a New-Invented Machine may seem to-day, it was one of the antecedents the near-solution of the steam propulsion prob- for Carrying Vessels or Ships out or into any of the modem ocean liner. And had it not been lem. The first man to meet with' success in Harbour, Port or River, against Wind or Tide for the ingenuity, vision and daring of men this field was Denis Papin, a Frenchman; but, or in a Calm." like Papin and Hulls, who often worked against like so many other inventors, his work was His idea was to provide a steam tug to assist outraged public opinion, the Seven Seas might unappreciated. vessels making or leaving port, and for towing still to-day be crossed by vessels under sails alone. o A Calvinist, he was born at Blois in 1647. in rivers and inland waters. His reason for not Calvinists were not popular in the France of making sea-going ship and engine-bearing tug April, 1939 iS 14 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL "LIVING DANGEROUSLY" light-headed. On the fourteenth day, the Cap- Rodriguez Island, one of the Mascarine group, tain decided to throw a suitcase overboard; he 344 miles east of Mauritius. At 6 p.m. the had packed some spare clothes in it before leav- lights of the cable station were seen, and at laat sight to the men in the boats. Can you imagine ing the "Trevessa," and had distributed them the wanderers reached Port Mathurin, where their feelings, as their "home," with black among the crew. A confirmed optimist (a fire- they were taken in hand and well cared for. smoke pouring from her funnel down to lee- man) asked for the case; he thought that it ward, lights blazing, took her last dive? might come in handy later, ashore! When the fireman examined the suitcase, he found a The Chief Officer's boat missed the Mascarine Adrift! comb, and a nail-file. These articles were Islands, but made Mauritius itself, where the solemnly passed around, all hands had a spruce crew landed on a planter's estate at 7 a.m. on And then they were alone; two 25-foot life- up, and felt all the better for it! The oars were the 29th June, nearly 25 days from the com- boats and their crews, tossing about in a gale used in the cool of the morning, in order to mencement of their voyage. in mid-Indian Ocean, 1,728 miles from Mauritius exercise the men; at other times, when practic- and 1,600 miles from Fremantle! able, sail was set. The Value of Discipline An S.O.S. had been sent out, and had been picked up by the White Star liner "Runic" and By June 18th all hands were weakening to an In all, the losses from the Captain's boat were two other ships — but they were too far away alarming degree. On the sixteenth day in the two firemen. In the Chief Officer's, eight men to be of the slightest assistance. It was decided Captain's boat, Nagi, another native, collapsed, perished, including the second engineer, who to head for Mauritius rather than the Western and Jacob Ali died. The next day, Nagi died; fell overboard in heavy weather and sank al- Australian coast, in spite of the additional dis- this was especially sad, as his brother was in most immediately. Allchin, the cook, from the tance, as the winds were more likely to be the boat. Only one man in the Captain's boat Chief Officer's boat, the man who drank salt favourable. did not play the game. Somehow he managed water, died in hospital shortly after landing. EN6LAND VIA SUEZ to steal a spare boat's compass one night, and Perfect discipline was maintained and the PACIFIC CRUISES drank the spirit from it; he nearly died as a boats' crews immediately put on sea watches, result. At the subsequent Marine Court of Enquiry, and a scale of rationing adopted. The stores in Captain Foster was completely exonerated from TASMANIA!) SERVICE the boats consisted of water, condensed milk, any blame attached to the loss of the "Tre- CEYLON EXCURSIONS biscuits, and tins of cigarettes. Each man was On one occasion a member of the crew enter- vessa," and the respective Courts offered their allotted one third of a cigarette-tin of water per tained the Captain and his mates with an hours- congratulations, and admiration at his and his CRUISES FROM ENGLAND day, and one biscuit, and one cigarette-tin's lid long discourse on mineral waters and fruit crew's plucky and seamanlike behaviour, and of condensed milk three times per day. The cordials. Though tormented, the Captain al- for the splendid discipline maintained. The boats' complements were:—Captain Foster's lowed him to ramble on, as it at least gave loss of the "Trevessa" was attributed to the boat, 13 Europeans and 7 natives, and the Chief them something unusual to talk about. And the possible opening of seams in the ship's side at Officer's (Mr. J. Stewart Smith), 19 Europeans man wasn't wandering mentally — just No. 1 hold, occasioned by the vessel straining and 5 natives. interested in his subject! in heavy weather with a heavy forward dead- WINTER CRUISES weight load. 1938, From Sydnty: The two boats kept company for four days, and then the Captain and Chief Officer deter- Unbeatable! mined to carry on independently. Keeping to- The master, officer,-!, engineers and crew re- ceived a presentation from the owners, and the July I to July 14: f ORONTES Papua* gether was only a drag on progress. So, by captain another from the Board of Trade. Cap- 4 p.m. on the 9th May, the boats were out of After 19 days rations were still further re- July 29 to Aug. II: j ORFO R D Noum.a* tain Foster and his Chief Officer, Mr. Stewart- Aug. 26 to Sept. 8: j OTRANTO Fiji one another's sight. duced. One of the things that did a lot to keep the men's spirits up was the frequent rendering Smith, were decorated with Lloyd's silver medal * Via The Gieat Bornet Reef Space does not permit of the telling of the of some of Sir Harry Lauder's ditties, "com- for saving life at sea, and were presented to Their Majesties King George V and Queen FARES: First Saloon from 20 gns. \ Tourist from boats' progress day by day. Perhaps it is just munity sung." No one tired of them. Captain Mary. 13 gm.; $ Tourist "B" from 12 gnt. as well — as it would make a harrowing story. Foster, to ward off thirst, had his men snuff I will only touch on some of the highlights of handfuls of salt water up their nosee, care be- the voyage. ing taken that it was breathed out again, and And what was the finish of it ail ? Surely the not allowed to trickle down into the throat. He "Trevessa" survivors had just about had Most of the time, bad weather was the order also made them strip, and sluice themselveo enough of the aea and its vagaries to last them of going. On rare occasions rain allowed the with sea water. Both these methods were very a lifetime? ORIENT castaways to obtain a good drink, but, with effective. their scanty water allowance, they suffered terribly from thirst In the Chief Officer's boat, No. When all the fuss and newspaper com- LIME Allchin, the cook, was the Bnt to cave in; he On June 26th at 2.45 p.m., exactly 20i days ment had died down, they went quietly back to drank salt water. In the Captain's boat, nine after the foundering of the "Trevessa," land their jobs on other ships, and continued to "Live OfMHt MHHI Navigation Co. Ltd, Inc. in England days adrift, Jacob Ali, a native fireman, became was sighted from the Captain's boat. It was Dangerously!"

I* THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL April, 1939 17 SWEDEN NAVAL NOTES FROM Four motor torpedo boats are being built in ; BIRT ft COMPANY England for the Royal Swedish Navy. Messrs. To and from England via the Voaper, Ltd., are constructing two of these at Portsmouth, and the other two are in hand [PTY.] LIMITED Atlantic OMR LANDS with the British Power Boat Company at 4 BRIDGE STREET, SYDNEY. N.S.W. Hythe, Southampton. It is understood that P.O. BOX 544 B.. ©.P.O. BY BELGIUM the latter pair will be generally similar to those building for the Netherlands. Evidently it is Abo at The new "Zinnia," which is to replace the the intention of the Swedish naval authorities 64 EAGLE STREET. BRISBANE old fishery protection vessel of that name, will to try out two rival designs with a view to MUSGRAVE COLD STORES, MUSGRAVE C U N A R D be a ship of 1,600 tons full load displacement, determining which is better suited to their local WHARF. SOUTH BRISBANE. to cost 30,000,000 francs (about £215,000). requirements. Turbine engines will give her a speed of 30 Shipping and General A genii WHITE STAR knu.s, nearly double that of her predecessor. It has been decided to lay down two 8,000 Aq.nti in Australia for: The armament will include two 4.7 inch, one ton coast defence ships, officially rated as battle- Fadaral-BrancK Service 3 inch and some smaller guns. Depth charges, ships, later in the year. These will have a speed Fadaral Steam Navigation Co. Ltd.. London The Haw Zaaland Shipping Co. Lid.. London ET your trip to England follow tho interesting minelaying equipment and smoke screen appara- of 22 knots, and a main armament of four 10 American and Australian Lino, Now Yort L routo across tho Pacific—«•• tha Unitad Statas tus are also included in the specification. inch guns, and together with the torpedo boats Osaka Syoson Keisya and Canada — than cross tha Atlantic in a mentioned in the preceding paragraph will con- Swedish Australia Una CUNARD WHITE STAR ship. You will b. sur- Swedish.Pacific Australia Diroct Lin. CHILE stitute the first instalment of the 1939-1943 prised how littla axtra this mora intarasting and naval programme. Later it is intended to begin Australind S.S. Co. Ltd.. London quicker route will cost. Montreal Australia Now Zaaland Lina Ltd. Rear-Admiral Gerken, the new Chief of the two more coast defence ships, three coastal Pacific Islands Transport Lino Chilean Naval Commission, is of Scandinavian submarines, and a submarine depot ship, the Or, if you go "Home" via Suez, or the Cape, ancestry. Unlike his predecessor, he is an offi- last-named to replace the ancient "Svea" built Cargo -nd Passenger Services to United Kingdom. Conti- return via North Americe, and so complete a cer on the active list. His career of recent years nental, U.S.A., Pacific and Eastern Ports. Full particulars Round-the-World Voyege. 4n 1886. shows a curious parallel with that of the late furnished on application. Regular sailings from Australia connect with almost Admiral of the Fleet, Sir John Kelly. In Sep- daily Cunard White Star services from New York, tember, 1931, there was a mutiny in the Chilean U.S.A. Boston and Montreal to England and the Continent. Fleet which lasted a week. After its suppression, Twelve boatbuilders who entered for the changes in command took place, and Captain United States Navy's design competition for Special rates quoted for through bookings in co- Gerken, as he then was, was appointed Com- small craft have been instructed to prepare INSURE WITH . . . operation with all Linos ex Australia. It is an mander-in-Chief of the force corresponding to final plans, though no actual building programme advantage to reserve accommodation in advanca the British Home Fleet, with the rank of Com- in Australia. Largest fleet operating on the for the vessels has yet been formulated by the MERCANTILE MUTUAL Atlantic Oceen. modore. Following his successful tenure of this Navy Department. Types covered by the com- appointment, he was promoted to flag rank, and petition include 54 feet and 70 feet motor tor- Insurance Co. Ltd. for four years was Commander-in-Chief at Tal- pedo boats, 110 feet and 165 feet submarine Information from all Travei Agents, and:— cahuano (the Chilean Portsmouth), with his chasers. Closing dates for the final design AN AUSTRALIAN INSURANCE COMPANY flag in the coast defence ship "Huascar." His period are on February 1 and February 8 for Established 1878 DALSETY & CO. LTD. selection for the post which he has now assumed the respective categories. (Incorporated in England) is doubtless due to the derision to replace a number of the older units of the . The Government of the Philippines are re- FIRE. ACCIDENT, MOTOR CAR ported to have ordered a motor torpedo boat Householders and Houseowners' Comprehensive 2 O'CONNELL STREET. a/DNEY, N.S.W. from Me^frs. Thornycroft. COLOMBIA (Combined) Insurance end Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide, An American Naval Mission is to proceed to the Republic of Colombia, according to.trans- YUGOSLAVIA BE PATRIOTIC CUNARD WHITE STAR LIMITED Atlantic Press reports. This is the third such It is reported that the new flotilla leader Insure Australian Property in an Australian (Incorporated in England) mission that has been sent from the United under construction at Split will be a vessel of Insurance Company States to South America in recent years, the 2,400 tons standard displacement, with a speed 1/7 IENT STREET, SYDNEY, N.S.W. others having gone to Brazil and Peru. of 40 knots. She will thus be almost compar- 34 QUEEN STREET. MELBOURNE. VIC. It will be recalled that for the past four able witii the latest Russian destroyers and years the organisation and training of the with the Fj-ereh "Mogador" and "Volta," as Head Office : Colombian Navy has been mainly directed by Branch*, all over the World. her armameit is to comprise five 5.5 inch and 117 Pin STREET SYDNEY a number of retired British naval officers, the several smaller guns, besides six torpedo tubes. 1 senior being Captain B. O. Bell Salter, R.N., Machinery and boilers will be supplied from KELSO KINS, Managing Director who has held the rank of Contra-Almirante. England by Messrs. Yarrow & Co. Ltd.

18 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL April, 1939 18 The Navy League For all happy occasions, afloat or ashore, the hostess can show N.S.W. Branch her individuality in the form GLOBEX Patron: she serves . (BEEF EXTRACT) His Excellency The Governor of N.S.W., The Lord Wakehurst, K.C.M.G. President: Rear Admiral J. B. Steventon, C.M.G. ARNOTT'S Executive Committee: Judge A. P. Packhouse, M.A. (Chairman) CRISP SAO Sir Kelso King, S.S.D. Captain M.B.R. Blackwood, D.S.O., R.N. Commander F. W. Hixson, O.B.E., C. M. C. Shannon S.S.D. W. A. Mackay BISCUITS A. Consett Stephen T. H. Silk. M.I.C.E., M.I.N.A. Sir Thomas Gordon, Kt. J. L. Milson the lightest and most desirable For appetising flavour. strength - building Commander S. W. Spain Captain W. W. Beale, O.B.E. (Mil.) nourishment and economy in use . . . you base for savouries. Attractive, Commander J. Patrick, R.D., R.A.N.R. S. Cooper. S S.D. can't beat GLOBEX. It contains the full too, with ham, paste, fresh or strength and concentrated essence of the Hon. Treasurers: primest beef and it is made in a second. Sir Kelso King, S.S.D. C. M. C. Shannon stewed fruit and a simple epi- Tr> it for soups, gravies, nourishing beef tea Hon. Secretary: and it makes really delicious sandwiches . . . Commander F. W. Hixson, O.B.E. S.S.D. curean delight with butter and but spread it thinly. Hon. Auditors: cheese. • * Robertson, Crane and Gibbons Obtainable from all Chemiits and Stores in I, Secretary and Editor of Journal: 2, 4 and 8 oz. jars or 4 and 8 oz. containers. Alan Hill, Master Mariner AIMS AND OBJECTS OF THE MVY LEAGUE The Navy League is a Voluntary Patriotic and perial Security. Recent Passenger Liners non-Sectarian Association of British Peoples, en- 3. To bring home to every person in the Em- tirely outside party politics, desirous of render- pire that commerce can only be guarded With Babcock Boilers: Cockatoo Docks & ing the greatest service of which it is capable from any possible attack by a Navy, in "Strathallan" to the Empire, particularly in connection with Conjunction with the Air Force, sufficiently "Strathmore" all matters concerning the sea. It upholds as strong in all the elements which modern "Stratheden" Engineering Co. Pty. Ltd. the fundamental principle of National and Im- warfare demands. "Orion" perial policy Complete Naval Protection for 4. To teach the citizens of the Empire, young "Orcades" British Subject* and British Commerce all the and old alike, that "it is the Navy where- Contractors to . . . World over. on, under the good providence of God, the With Babcock-Johnson Boilers; Its Objects are:— wealth, safety and strength of the King- "Arundel Castle" H.M. AUSTRALIAN NAVY 1. To enlist on Imperial and National grounds, dom chiefly depend," and that The Exist- "Windsor Castle" the support of all classes in Maintaining the ence of the Empire, with the liberty and "Andes- Ship-builders, Marine & General Engineers Navy at the Requisite Standard of Strength, prosperity of its peoples, No Less Depends All above vessels are oil-fired. not only with a view to the safety of our on the Merchant Service, which, under the trade and Empire, but also with the object Sore Shield of the Navy, welds ns into Ona With Babcock Boilers & Babcock- Inquiries invited of securing British prestige on every sea Imperial Whole. Erith Marine Strokers: and in every port of the World. 5. To encourage and develop the Navy League Two new mail steamers far the British 2. To convince the general public that expendi- Sea Cadet Corps not only with a view to India S.N. Co. Ltd. ture upon the Navy is the national equiva- keeping alive the sea spirit of our race COCKATOO ISLAND lent of the ordinary insurance which no sane but also to enable the Boys to Beeome Good Babcock & Wilcox Limited SYDNEY person grudges in private affairs, and that Citizens of the Empire, by learning discip- Incorporated in England Since o Sodden Development of Naval line, duty and self-respect in the spirit ol Strength la impossible, only Continuity of their motto—"For God, for the King, foi Australian Head Office and Works: Phone : W 1941 (10 lines) Preparation can Guarantee National and Im- the Empire." REGENTS PARK, N.S.W. 20 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL CHAPMAN Motor Launches and Engines hold pride of place in aquatics. They are used by 99% of the Launch "Hire Drive-Yourself" services throughout Australia. The Launch illustrated above is a 16ft. CHAPMAN WONDER LAUNCH fitted with the famous CHAPMAN "MASTER - PUP" Motor, the popular size. We carry in stock a complete range of launches from 12 to 20rt. in open, half-cabin and coach-house types. Remember the !wo epic ocea trips of the famous 16-foot motor boat "Pup," from Sydney down the N.S.W. and Victorian coasts, then across Bass Strait to Tasmania, eventually almost circumnavigating that State. Voyage number two was from Sydney, to and beyond the top peak of Australia; all under the power of a CHAPMAN 2} h.p. engine. After these two voyages, both boal end engine were in excellent condition and further trips of hundreds of mile: have since been done. Never has any other make of engine or boat of these sizes accomplished such remarkable feats. Also engines from 2} to 10 h.p. operating on petrol, and the new 10 h.p. Diesel Engine. Our new pay-as-you-go policy enables you to secure one of these fine launches for £5, paying off the balance at a mere few shillings per week. CHAPMAN & SHERACK

ENGINE MANUFACTURERS AND LAUNCH BUILDERS

CLARA STREET, ERSKINEVILLE, N.S.W.

City Showroom : 70 Oxford Street, Sydney

Printed by Berrymore Prew, 156 Ceitlereegh Street, Sydney.

MITCHELL LW:A::Y 1 APR 1940 You Can Build SvpNEY- The Saving and Investment plan is sound, if

an estate in 30 years you can be sure that you will live 30 yoars. enjoy health, strength and full earning powar. by saving a certain CAN YOU BE SURE

amount cach year OF THIS ?

If not, the only way through which you can be assurod that tho amount of the estate you OR plan for will be paid in full, whether you live 30 years or die to-morrow, is Life Assurance. You Can Establish THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL Send us your name, address and age, and we the same estate in The Official Organ of the Navy League, N.S.W Branch will submit to you suitable plans for Estate Royal Exchange. 54a Pitt Street, Sydney. B780S JO minutes and take Building. A.M.P. SOCIETY 30 years to pay for Vol. 2—No. 5 (New Series) Sydney, May, 1939 Price 6d. Head Office: 87 PITT STREET. SYDNEY it. A. E. WEBB. Manager for N.S.W. BONDS OF EMPIRE

Empire Day this year has probably a greater Our Government is fully awake to the significance than ever before. dangers that beset this country, and Australia on the whole is making a noble effort to offset Nineteen thirty-nine has been, up to the pre- the terrible dangers which arose from its pre- sent, a period of alarms, crises and upheavals in viously total lack of preparedness for war. MAIL STEAMERS Europe and Asia. There have been marchings and counter marchings of troops, movements of Soldiers have enlisted, and are being trained. battle fleets, all leading to the subjugation of New ships of war have been added to our small small countries by the powerful and arrogant but efficient fleet. But we arc merely on the forces of Totalitarianism. fringe of preparedness, and the work is not one ENGLAND quarter completed. Via Suez How do these months of bloodshed and inter- national strife affect US as a Nation and as an The already heavily taxed Australian citizen Empire ? must be prepared to thrust his hand deeper into his pocket in order to provide for mater- In the first place, Australia must now eon- ials with which to defend Australia if—and Winter—to Tropic Islands. E'der herse'f a Nation, and be prepared to de- when—the time comes. Certainly this last statement will not be a popular one. But we Summer — to New Zealand. fend her own seas and her own territories. Secondly, she must be capable of playing a have the example of the Mother Country's SMANIAN HOLIDAYS part as a fitting member of that vast company people spending £9 per head per annum on re- of peoples, the British Commonwealth of armament, as opposed to our £3 per head per Nations, and to be ready to assist the head of annum. that Commonwealth, Great Britain, to (as an Australian statesman declared in the early part Admittedly we have not the financial re- Call or write for liferatu"» of the Great War of 1914-1918) "The last man, giving details and fares. sources that Great Britain has, but we can, and and the last shilling." must, be prepared to go even farther with our

ORIENT STEAM NAVIGATION COMPANY LIMITED (INCORPORATED IN ENGLAND) May. 1939 1 KINDLY REMEMBER OUR ADVERTISERS spending. Only when we are fully equipped in war stores will we be on the well-guarded road that leads to peace in our time. CONVOY Therefore, in remembering this Empire Day of 1939, let Australians keep in mind the fact By CAPTAIN MAURICE BLACKWOOD, D.S.O., R.N. (RET.) that only by preparedness in its entirety, and especially naval preparedness, can the British Commonwealth of Nations be held and main- One of the chief reasons for the failure of the Shortly after dark I received the unpleasant tained. Naval preparedness most certainly, for German submarine campaign in the Great War news that one of the stragglers had been tor- it is our fleets that form the mighty chain was Britain's adoption of the convoy system, pedoed. I had felt a slight shock a few mo- which holds together the component parts of whereby no vessel of the mercantile marine was ments before, but hadn't paid much attention the greatest Empire the world has known. allowed to put to sea without being escorted by to it. Shocks were pretty common in those THE EDITOR. a war vessel of some description. This precau- days. A little later came the message from a tion was employed on every trade route. destroyer that the "Berenice," which had drop- ped astern of the convoy in spite of the efforts Each convoy carried a commodore, usually a of the whipper-in, had been torpedoed. "Sink- REMEMBER OUR ADVERTISERS! retired naval officer, whose duty it was to take ing, crew safe," ended the brief message. She We ask you to keep in mind the firms charge of the vessels while in convoy. The was full of motor lorries and army stores for advertising their products in the Journal. SUNSHINE senior officer of the escort, usually the com- Salonika. These are the people whose co-operation mander of a sloop or a large destroyer, was re- has made the production of your magazine sponsible for the convoy's defence and naviga- I thought to myself—three hours at sea and possible, and you will do both the Journal CRUISES tion. Admiral Jellicoe emphasises the effect of lost a ship already—not so good. Fortunately, and the Navy League a service by consult- a slight fog came down—not thick enough to ing them for your various requirements. the constant strain on the officers-in-charge of And, in doing so please mention— Escape from the winter weather and escorts in his admirable book, "The Crisis of upset the convoy, but heavy enough to reduce enjoy a delightful summer holiday in the Naval War." the visibility to a couple of hundred yards. "THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL" the brilliant sunshine of the Tropics. Thanks to this fog, the submarine astern of us lost the convoy, so we weren't attacked again. Convoys used to leave Plymouth for New York and the Cape of Good Hope twice a week, The next day was uneventful, but late in the escorted by a mixed collection of men-o'-war, TO PORT MORESBY afternoon the wind began to blow from the INSURE WITH . . . sloops, destroyers and trawlers, which, when R.M.S. Strathaird south-west. The harder it blows the better, I they were about 200 miles out, would part com- leaves Sydney .... June 23 thought, as wc had an idea that submarines pany and pick up a homeward-bound convoy, MERCANTILE MUTUAL couldn't operate in bad weather. But this idea TO FIJI which they would escort up the English Chan- R.M.S. Strathallan was wrong. It blew harder and harder, and Insurance Co. Ltd. nel. leaves Sydney .... July 21 about 10 o'clock had increased to half a gale. AN AUSTRALIAN INSURANCE COMPANY Safe for to-night, I thought. TO RABAUL The convoy I was interested in consisted of Established 1878 R.M.S. Strathnaver about thirty ships, assembled off the Eddystone leaves Sydney .... August 18 Ten minutes later the too familiar "crash," lighthouse. They made an impressive sight. and I knew that somebody had been torpedoed. FIRE, ACCIDENT, MOTOR CAR TO NOUMEA They were in eight lines of four ships each— Who was it? As my luck would have it, it was R.M.S. Stratheden the most valuable ships were always put in Householders and Houseowners' Comprehensive 13 the commodore's ship, the "Knight Templar," leaves Sydney .... October the middle of the convoy, so that their less (Combined) Insurance the most valuable ship in the convoy, and as fortunate sisters on the outside might afford such had been stationed in what we considered them some protection with their own hulls. BE PATRIOTIC the safest place in it. Torpedoed in half a gale First Saloon from 20 guineas of wind and in a pitch dark night! The escort Insure Australian Property in an Australian Tourist Class from 13 guineas After the usual delays we got the convoy was helpless. Through the black night we could Insurance Company formed up and started off on a south-westerly just make out the outlines of the nearer ships course, the various ships of the escort disposed plunging into seas worked up by the gale. on the beam of the columns. My ship was well Miraculously it seemed, the three ships astern ahead of them, with a destroyer astern as of the "Knight Templar" managed to clear Head Office : "whipper-in," whose unenviable job it was to her. 117 Pin STREET :: SYDNEY urge the lame ducks to keep up with the rest of the convoy. Each ship of the escort had The destroyer which had been warned for KELSO KING. Managing Director been told off respectively for "first casualty" "second casualty" stood by the stricken ves- PenimulurPi anil Orient*! S.N.C Co. (Incorporated in Englond).(tha t is, "first torpedoed ship"), "second casualty," "third casualty," and so on. (Continued overleaf)

2 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL May, 1939 3 "CONVOY"—Continued. sign of the submarine. The torpedoed ship still afloat. sel, and the convoy went on. Half an hour Signalling to Plymouth for tugs, I re-formed OLD ENGLAND later another "crash"—the "Port Jackson" the convoy and went on. I wondered if I could torpedoed! Two ships in half an hour! And get the rest of these helpless ships in safely. (The following poem was written during the we foolishly thought the rough weather would That night passed off without any fresh dis- be in our favour! This submarine commander last year of the Great War. However, it seems aster. So did the next day—-till about 4 p.m., peculiarly apt nowadays.) must be a fine seaman and a brave one—to take when we ran into a bit of fog off the Channel two ships out of the middle of a convoy in that Islands. I made a signal to stream fog buoys. sort of weather. Fog buoys are usually casks towed about 200 Again we were helpless. In desperation, I yards astern of a ship in a fog. The splash Old England's just an island, if geography is But the folks who want to scrap find they've made the signal for the convoy to scatter, and of the buoy gives the following ship an idea of truthful, scrapped themselves instead, off they went; the faster ships drawing ahead the position of the next ahead. But she isn't very sociable, nor affable, nor Tho' the Seven Seas are graveyards and the of the slower ones were soon strung out in a Bang! Someone was firing. Who was it, and youthful; fields of Flanders red; straggly line heading roughly south-west. at what? And tho' you're sometimes furious, and often And England bows her head—and weeps; her Dawn came at last. A few ships were in The fog lifted for a moment and revealed the disapproving, sons were good and kind, sight. The wind had gone down and been fol- leading ship of the port wing column, a large There is something in old England that you Yet she always comes up smiling for the ones lowed by rain. I was told by wireless that the Japanese liner, firing as hard as she could at simply can't help loving! still left behind. "Knight Templar" and the "Port Jackson" were the fog buoy towed by the leading ship of the column next to her. I had spent twelve years Old England's just an island, and her weather still afloat. The men who made her what she is were The sound of gunfire ahead sent me on at on the China Station, but had never learned might improve; Japanese. I had never regretted it till then. doubtless human too; But in spite of spoiled summers we have given full speed to meet a large oil tanker—the "San They laugh'd and quarrell'd, fought and grous'd, Domingo," I think her name was—which was Shortly after dark we were off St. Cather- all our love as you and others do; To that green-gowned minx Britannia with her blazing away apparently at nothing with her ine's Point, with the huge naval port of Ports- But when the foe was at the gate, they prom- one little gun. She reported that she had just mouth a few miles off. I would get rid of the petticoat of foam, ptly would prepare And we're thankful for the privilege of calling been torpedoed—fortunately, in her tanks, in convoy next morning and hoped my troubles To meet the foe—and die perhaps—as many England "Home." which she could, of course, carry either oil or were over. Halfway through the first watch we do "out there"! salt water. I told her to follow me—she could saw and felt an explosion dead ahead, and only still steam 15 knots. a few miles off. It could be nothing else but a —FRANK STAYTON, 1918. The position at 9 a.m. was one ship lost, and ship blowing up. It seemed a locality to be de- They braved the dangers of the deep in ships three torpedoed, but still afloat. A bad night's finitely avoided. So the course of the convoy of tiny size, work! was altered by signal 45 degrees towards the They hung aloft in howling gales, and fought land. Thoroughly miserable, I collected what I their enemies; After an hour on the new course and having could find of the other vessels of the escort— They played the game as sailors did, and as FORGOTTEN STATISTICS received no further alarms, I decided to alter about half, I should say—and started ofT to they do to-day, back to the old course—and made the neces- Tho' they didn't have much fun and had ex- meet an inward bound convoy at a rendezvous sary signals. In the war of 1914-1918, throughout about 100 miles away. In due course we met tremely little pay. So far good—•— the world, there werer.— them and shaped course for the entrance of the As far as I could see (the ships had no lights, 74 million men mobilised. Channel. About 4 o'clock the next afternoon of course) the convoy had got on to the new The men who made old England didn't do 10 million killed. we were due south of the Scillies. I was on the course without accident and were following me their job in vain, 3 million missing. landward side of the convoy in a beautiful calm in good order. I was just thinking they had Tho' she sometimes needs re-roofing to protect 19 million wounded. sea. done it rather well, when, to my horror—on her from the rain, 10 million disabled. Suddenly the look-outs yelled: "Torpedo!" the starboard bow and almost on top of me A lick of paint, some extra beams of oak, more 7 million prisoners. There it was, the white wake plainly visible, loomed up four ships! They were the starboard windows, too; 9 million orphans. well clear of us, but a beautiful shot for the wing column of the convoy, who had either not But the structure's there for ever—she'll out- 5 million widows. convoy. Again one of the most valuable ships, received or had not obeyed the signal for the last both me and you! and the commodore's — the "Ruahine," laden first alteration of course. The leader was an 10 million men, women and children with frozen mutton from New Zealand — had oil tanker, the "O. B. Jennings." In her for- forced to flee from their homes. Old England's just an island; but she's "Home" been hit ward tanks she carried I don't know how many 6,400 men killed dally, and this went thousand gallons of naphtha. to all her sons, The convoy of, I think, 32 ships looked like She's attractive to relations, though repellent on for 1,558 days. a dog-fight. Ships were steaming in all direc- We watched the two lots of ships converging. No reply to my frantic signals to the "O. B. to the Huns; The above surely indicates the value tions—whistles blowing—guns firing. I added And when they talk of scrapping her, the boys to the general uproar by dropping thirty depth Jennings." Again that awful feeling of help- of peace in our time. lessness. come riding in charges on the position from which, as nearly From the four corners of the earth, and say: Therefore peace must be preserved— as I could estimate, the shot had come. No (Continued on page 16) "All right! Begin!" but not at the expense of preparedness.

4 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL May, 1939 5 I

LANGUAGE!--And The Lower Deck By MORRIS JOHN

The desire to be proficient in languages other from the bottom of the ladder. As the spread than our native tongue springs from various of higher education goes on, so the knowledge urges. Maybe it is a wish to enjoy holidays of languages will spread. abroad, or a longing for that sense of superior- ity which many people enjoy from linguistic at- A Probable Development tainments. It is rather surprising how few It is also not beyond the realms of ut-ssiblity men on the lower deck of the Navy can speak that modern languages will be adot^ to the foreign languages. Spells of duty in foreign subjects which may be taken in the Naval parts do not apparently inspire any wish for Higher Educational Test, although it is prob- proficiency in the local tongue. able that for the first few years candidates I do not propose to discuss the officer side of would have to find their own instruction. the Navy, as in addition to school training they The addition of these subjects would do much have paid jobs as interpreters to encourage to encourage language study, and the cult of them to study. This article is confined to the the correspondence course offers instruction, ratings. although the problem of finding a really quiet retreat in the ship, where one could master One factor influencing the question may be irregular verbs or similar matters without some that instruction in ships and establishments fool quartermaster piping everyone up to hoist does not include any foreign languages; mathe- boats and so on, may well offer a poser. matics, history, geography, navigation and so The tame cynic will probably say that the on—but no French or Spanish or German. sailor, like the proverbial "trooper," is already Not even English! well versed in a language which certainly is NOT English!—("Navy") Cosmopolitan Lingo If one were to ask a sailor (particularly one with a few years' service) for an explanation of this state of affairs, it is highly probable that the following remarks would be offered:— (a) Beer, like Esperanto, is Internationa!; (b) "Jack" ashore in foreign ports is not ex- pected to know the local tongue; he is merely regarded as "fair game," requir- ing to be shown local sights, and sup- plied with refreshments, at the highest possible prices; (c) In any case, after a year or two, sailors of all nations become very efficient at indicating their wants by means of signs and a word or two of "pidgin." I have been present at festive gatherings of several nations' seamen, and it is amusing, and amazing, at the ease with which the partici- pants get along and have a really enjoyable time in spite of the absence of a common tongue. I do not think this state of affairs will go on. Modern conditions are forcing more and more secondary school boys to join the Navy or the TAKING IT OVER\ ' Merchant Service, to make their own career H.M.A.S. "Hobart" Shipping a Sea THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL May, 1939 7 THE ORIGIN OF SCIENTIFIC PHYSICAL CAPTAIN COLES AND THE TURRET TRAINING THE TRAGEDY OF H.M.S. "CAPTAIN" By NIGEL HARVEY By COMMANDER P. F. NEWCOMBE, R.N. Of all defences, inaccessibility is the best, mittee that he indignantly repudiated the result: an i so the Russian garrison of Tananrog, in Except for minor alterations these original H.M.S. "Monarch." Once again the press came The few remaining officer* wio were instru- the Sea of Avoff, were little perturbed by the methods remained the official form of torture to his aid, and finally the experts, not without mental in introducing Scientific Physical Train- appearance of a British squadron before their for the next forty years. misgivings, gave way, and the overjoyed ing to the Services some thirty-three years ago, port in the spring of 1854, for they were well Coles went down to Birkenhead to co-operate must by now be on the Retired List. It was a considerable time before the Navy aware that the shallowness of the water pre- with Messrs. Lairds in building a ship to his That its value as a national necessity is at began to experience similar trouble, for, until vented all but the most insignificant of craft own designs and principles. But when this ship, long last recognised and that the Government 1880, all Men-o'-War were principally dependent from entering within gunshot. Unfortunately, christened the "Captain," was completed late are organising for it on a national scale, must on sail. they reckoned without a certain Captain Coles, in 1869, the clamour of the experts rose afresh. be, to them above all people, a source of great The sailor, aloft in all weathers, hanging on R.N., who, within twenty-four hours of discover- They pointed out that in armament, speed and satisfaction. by his toenails to masthead or yardarm, for ing this fact, invented and constructed a raft seagoing qualities she was inferior to the des- Probably it is not known to many that the ever heaving and hauling or away in boats, was out of casks, on which stood a thirty-two poun- pised "Monarch," and that, despite a freeboard causes which forced the adoption of compulsory possessed of sinews of steel, a courage, balance der mounted in an ingenious revolving cupola only half that of her predecessor, she carried exercise on both Services then are much the and agility which no artificial methods could heavily protected by iron plates. How this a heavy superstructure as well as three tripod same as those from which the country is suffer- begin to emulate. But the lamentable advent curious craft, known as the "Lady Nancy," was masts. Indeed, the builders themselves cast ing now, and the story may be of interest. of steam and all its accompanying labour-saving propelled is not stated, but her fire proved doubts on her stability, but when she had passed devices soon produced their inevitable effect, so deadly that the Russians, unable to make the severest dockyard tests and weathered two During the industrial revolution around the until their Lordships, seriously disturbed, were any impression on her, soon hauled down their storms in the Bay of Biscay, her detractors middle of the last century, overcrowding be- driven to consult their brethren at the War flag. Thus did the turret, foreshadowed in the held their peace, and the public felt confirmed came rife, and the conditions of living in the Office. writings of Leonardo da Vinci, enter the world in their faith in their protege. poorer quarters of larger towns and cities de- of naval architecture. plorable. A large percentage of recruits came Under their advice and co-operation training from these centres, and it was not long before quarters were established at Whale Island, that In the autumn of 1871 the "Captain," popu- a marked deterioration became apparent in great Naval establishment from which so much After the war, Coles, though now on half- larly regarded as the crack ship of the Navy, their stamina and physique. So serious did of vital importance to the efficiency of the Senior pay, devoted his time and money to experiments and the possible model for all future battle- things become that the Army authorities were Service has emanated. Here instructors were and worked out in detail his scheme of mount- ships, set out on her third cruise with the forced to take steps. trained, though every candidate spent a portion ing guns, not in the broadside system which Channel Fleet. She was commanded by a recent of his course in the Military Gymnasium at had prevailed since the appearance of cannon At that time little or nothing was known convert to Coles' idea, Captain Hugh Burgoyne, Aldershot, and Naval physical training was at sea in the days of Henry VHI., but in revolv- a distinguished officer who had won the V.C. about physical education and welfare. Gymnas- modelled on Army lines. ing armoured turrets. By 1860 he was able to tics were the prerogative of the few enthusiasts in the Crimean war, and spent some time on Things continued thus for some thirteen lay before the Admiralty a plan for converting who could afford the hobby, or the professional a naval mission to China, besides serving as a years, by which time medical returns showed into mastless turretships all existing wooden strong man and acrobat for show purposes. blockade-runner in the American Civil War, an alarming percentage of invaliding from heart men-of-war, which, barely adapted to the new Selection in method, therefore, was very limited, and she also carried the son of Childres, the trouble, not only amongst the men, but the power of steam, had suddenly been rendered so they made the best choice available, and then First Lord, as well as the inventor him- instructors as well. Subsequent and thorough obsolete by the appearance of shells and armour. sent a carefully picked party of officers and self. Her success seemed assured, and when, inquiry by medical experts proved beyond doubt The authorities, however, were sceptical, and it men to Oxford, where one Mr. McLaren con- on September 6, Admiral Milne went on board that the system of training was principally the was not until public interest had been aroused ducted the foremost gymnasium of that day. to observe her behaviour in squally weather off cause. The constant use of heavy apparatus by the famous fight between the "Monitor" and Here they were taught a series of exercises Cape Finisterre, he found Coles radiant with imposed a strain on the vital organs which the "Merrimac" in 1862 that Coles, thanks to with heavy bar, dumb-bells and clubs (with joy, saying: "She will go like a witch to-night." many were incapable of standing. By overload- the skilful use of press support—perhaps the what horror must old timers remember these, Nevertheless, the admiral noted she was rolling ing the body with unnatural muscle the heart first instance of the press campaign in our especially those extra drills!), and many clever heavily, and declining, fortunately for himself, was given an impossible job in pumping the history, incidentally — received permission to feats on horizontal and parallel bars. the inventor's invitation to stay the night, he extra blood required to supply it, the same superintend the reconstruction of a three-decker returned to his flagship and watched the "Cap- As promised by the professor, the combina- as an overloaded car with a light engine. That and to experiment with a small monitor. tain," lurching and pitching more and more, tion of all these did produce colossal muscular the instructors, who were always at it, and, of vanish into the gathering dusk. That was the development, so having perfected themselves in course, outwardly splendid specimens were the The success of these coast-defence ships, how- last ever seen of her, for in the morning, when the system, the party returned to train other worst to suffer, was the surest proof things ever, was not enough for the ambitious Coles, the squadron reassembled, she failed to appear, inatructors, and thus, by its adoption in 1860, were seriously wrong. who submitted designs for a sea-going masted and finally the admiral, growing anxious, sig- a start was made with physical training in the turret-ship, but the plans of this revolutionary nalled "General search." Hope survived the Army. (Continued on page 17) type of vessel were so altered by a naval com- 18 8 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL April, 1939 discovery of a few spars and even the floating body of one of her men, for they might have NAVAL NOTES FROM OTHER LANDS been washed overboard, and it was not until the table of Burgoyne's cabin was picked up, that the "Inconstant," the fastest ship of the Visit the Orient ... Argentina ing stage at Wilhelmshaven, and a third was squadron, was sent home with the terrible The new cruiser, "La Argentina," left Graves- laid down at Kiel last year. The fourth ship news that the "Captain" had foundered. end last month for Buenos Aires. She was laid of this class is due to be begun shortly. Dimen- for Glamour, Romance, Charrr down by Vickers-Armstrongs at Barrow in sions of these ships are 792 ft. in length, 118 On the evening of the next day, however, 1935, but her delivery has been unavoidably ft. beam and 26 ft. mean draught. They arc eighteen exhausted and starving men staggered delayed owing to the immense amount of addi- probably the biggest ships that can be passed through the Kiel Canal, the official limit of ashore from a small boat on the Asturnian A-O Line gives you the last word in comfort and tional work in hand under the British re- armament programme. Designed as a training draught being 29} ft. This explains the decision coast, and a few weeks later gave their accounts Interest on a holiday trip to the East. Monthly Ijcfore the Court-Martial. The "Captain," they cruiser, "La Argentina" has a standard displace- to enlarge the Canal, since Germany evidently said, was proceeding under sail alone and mak- sailings by tha British Staamers "CHANGTE" and ment of 6,500 tons, a main armament of nine considers that at some future date she may ing such heavy weather that she lagged far "TAIPING" provide excellent accommodation, 6-inch guns, a speed of 31 knots and a fuel require to build ships of 40,000 tons or more. l>ehiud her consorts. Shortly after midnight, both First and Sacond Class, and also Private capacity of 1,000 tons. Her equipment includes The "Bismarck" has a main armament of when the watch was mustering on deck, she Suites. See Australia's showground of marine life: two Seagull amphibian aircraft and a catapult. eight 15-inch guns, which are believed to be was struck by a sudden squall and heeled over the Barrier Reef end Thursday Island on the way Contract price of the ship was 6,000 gold pesos, arranged in four double turrets, two forward so much that it was only with extreme difficulty to HONG KONG. CHINA, JAPAN and the the equivalent of £1,750,000, which is less than and two aft, and a secondary armament of that she righted herself. Burgoyne, presumably she could have been built for to-day. twelve 5.9-inch guns. PHILIPPINE ISLANDS. aroused by the terrible lurch, appeared on Chile On January 19 the 10,000-ton cruiser "Sey- deck and gave the order "Let go the mainsail • dlitz" was launched from the Weser Yard at halyards," but before this could be done the Though relatively little has appeared in the Bremen. She is a sister ship of the "Prinz ship heeled again to starboard so steeply that European Press about the Chilean earthquake, Eugen, which went afloat six months ago, and some of the men at the halyards were washed it has been a major catastrophe unequalled in has a main armament of eight 8-inch guns. away- -and this time did not right herself. Very the history of the country. It is believed that Originally it had been intended that she should slowly she turned turtle; so slowly that one First Class the number of lives lost is approximately 25,000. be armed with 5.9-inch guns, but Germany has man had time to climb from the sloping deck One of the places to suffer most is the port now decided to exercise the right given her on to the horizontal side and then down to- Return Fare to Japan £90 of Talcahuano .which is the Chilean Portsmouth, under the Anglo-German Naval Agreement to wards the keel, where he remembered catching the gunnery, torpedo, submarine and other build five 8-inch-gun cruisers, instead of three his foot in a Kingston valve before the great Return Fare to Hong Kong £76 training establishments being situated there. as previously proposed. There are two dry docks, 614 and 800 ft. in smooth hull, which a few minutes before had | NO EXCHANGEI 'iieen a secure home for himself and his ship- length respectively, one of which is reported Italy mates, dropped from beneath him. As she to have been badly damaged. The Gunnery It is officially announced in Rome that during hung on her beam ends, the survivors of the School has been so severely shaken that its 1938 twenty submarines were laid down for the watch had time to cut loose a pinnace and a foundations are no longer secure, and it will Royal Italian Navy. These comprised four ves- launch. The latter capsized, and the captain have to be rebuilt sels of 1,461 tons surface displacement; six of Obtain full particulars, itinerary, etc. and a few others, clinging to her keel, jumped Denmark 1,036 tons; four of 1,031 tons; two of 951 tons; for it as they drifted near the pinnace. Bur- Two torpedo boats of 700 tons, with a length and four of 600 tons. This works out at a goyne was heard to shout, "After you, my lads." from of 279 ft. and a speed of 35 knots, have been total displacement of 20,426 tons, corresponding hut v/hen the boats parted he was not in the laid down at the Royal Dockyard, Copenhagen. to the approximate figure of 20,000 tons stated pinnace, i-.id his last action as he floated away These will be by far the biggest torpedo craft officially nearly a year ago. When these sub- into the darkness, never to be seen again, was ever built for the Royal Danish Navy, which marines are completed Italy's total strength to refuse the oar they tried to throw him, say- A-O. LINE does not at present possess anything larger in under-water craft will amount to 133 units, ing they would need all they had. A very assuming that none of the seven war-built sub- gallant gentleman indeed. (Incorporated in Hong Kong) than the six boats of the "Dragen" type, dis- placing 290 tons. marines are scrapped in the meantime. Estonia The cruiser "Quarto," of 2,903 tons, five old Coles and everyone else below decks, four G. S. YUILL & CO. PTY. LTD. An order for a motor torpedo boat has been destroyers and two torpedo boats have been hundred and twenty-two souls in all, went down removed from the effective list. (Managing Agents) placed with Messrs. John I. Thornycroft & with the ship, and thus the inventor perished Co. Ltd. Presumably she will become the model Netherlands with the creation of which he was most proud. for a number of similar vessels which it is The new gunnery training ship "Van Kins- But his work survived the reaction caused by proposed to build in Estonia. bergen" was launched on January 5. She is a this tragedy, and by the late 'eighties the 6 Bridge Street, Sydney Germany ihip of 1,760 tons standard displacement, with turret had become the commonplace architec- The first of Germany's 35,000-ton battleships, an armament of four 4.7-inch and eight smaller ture It has remained to this day. the "Bismarck," was launched from the Blohm anti-aircraft guns. Geared turbines of 16,000 & Voss Yard at Hamburg on February 14. A shaft horse power are designed to give her a —("NAVY") second ship of this type is nearing the launch- speed of 25.5 knots. She was ordered in Novem-

10 THE NAVY LEAGUE May, 1939 11 ber, 1936, and will be completed about June chant vessel. The identity of the other sub- next. She will then relieve the cruiser "Gelder- marine is not certain, but it is possible that she land," which is now over forty years old, and is B.2, a sister ship. SEA CADET MOTES has been relegated to gunnery training duties Turkey for many years past. Her chief claim to fame Contracts have been placed in Britain for is that President Kruger took passage in her the construction of the four destroyers author- MANLY DIVISION "VICTORY TRAINING DEPOT" from Lourenco Marques to the Netherlands in ised last year. Two of these will be built by 1900. Messrs. Vickers-Armstrong Ltd., at Barrow-in- Slam Furness, and two by Messrs. William Denny & By O. H. SMITH, O. IN C. By L R. V. SMITH, O. IN C. Some further particulars of the two cruisers Bros., Ltd., at Dumbarton. building at Trieste have now been received. C.S.A. Their displacement will be 4,800 tons, and their The Manly Division reports all well on this On the night of Thursday, 6th April, the unit A considerable fleet will be concentrated at side of the Harbour. main armament six 6-inch guns. It appears that New York for the opening of the World's Fair, went to Forty Baskets Beach for its regular the speed will not be greatly in excess of 30 We have been very busy of late. On Saturday, Easter Camp. on April 30. It will comprise nine battleships, 15th April, an "At Home" was held, when knots. It is reported that some of the older four aircraft carriers, seven heavy and fourteen Three officers and thirty ratings were under vessels of the Royal Siamese Navy have been medals and badges were presented by Mr. P. C. light cruisers, fifty-three destroyers, five sub- Spender, M.H.R. canvas, and we were very fortunate in having scrapped, following the delivery of various new marines and twenty-six auxiliary vessels of splendid weather throughout our stay. The ships. The Division assembled at the top of the various descriptions, including the ex-destroyers Corso and marched along the main thorough- new cutter behaved very well, considering the Spain "Childs" and "Williamson," which are now fare of Manly to the depot (where Mr. Spender hard work it had in beginning its career. It On the fall of Barcelona the Nationalist forces rated as seaplane tenders. took the salute), and thence to the parade towed a boatload of gear from "Victory" to took possession of two submarines which were The light cruisers, "Atlanta," "Juneau," "San ground, where the presentations took place. Forty Baskets on its maiden trip. The camp lying in the harbour, presumably disabled. One Diego," and "San Juan" are to be ships of 6,000 Cadets who received medals and badges were: was carried out successfully, and plenty of boat- of these was B.l, a vessel of 556 tons surface tons. It is expected that they will be armed Signaller Gidley: Good Conduct and Seamanship work was obtained, as well as a varied routine. displacement, built in 1921. She was last re- with eight or nine 6-inch guns, four 5-inch anti- Medal, and Leading Seaman's Badge; Cadet A small bush fire started nearby on the Satur- ported at Alicante in November, 1937, when she aircraft weapons, and six torpedo tubes. The Nivision: Promoted to Leading Seaman; Cadet day night, so most of the lads obtained a short, received some damage by collision with a mer- speed will probably be in the region of 33 knots. IS. Perse: Rated Shipwright; Cadet Fergusson: but warm, experience in fire fighting. Rated Writer; Cadet Mosley: Rated Officers' Steward; Cadet McGee: Rated Officers' Steward. Hands were treated to buns and soft drinks supplied by the Social Committee. Mr. Spender MARTINS JOIN THE NAVY LEAGUE made a very impressive speech, in which he Outfitters said: Naval TERMS OF MEMBERSHIP : (Established 20 years) Fellow, <1/1/-; Member, 10/6 per annum, with Journal post free. "The Australian public will have to depend Member, 5/- per annum, without Journal. on the younger generation, and you lads will, in all probability, play a prominent part in 1st FLOOR SUBSCRIPTION FORM Australia's future." 176 GEORGE ST. NORTH The Official Party consisted of:—Mr. P. C. (Near Quay) Date 193 Spender, M.H.R.; Mesdames Soars, Gidley, and Please enrol my name as a of the Smith; Misses E. Barry, E. Cousins, B. Gidley, "The Navy League Store" and Walsham; Messrs. Rye, M.A.; L. R. V. NAVY LEAGUE, N.S.W. Branch, for which I enclose Smith, O.C., North Sydney Division; G. H. Makers of regulation uniforms as Smith, O.C., Manly Division; and J. Turley. supplied to the Navy League Sea value £ : s. d. Manly Division has formed a younger set Cadet Corps since its inception Name under the capable guidance of Miss C. Walsham. in N.S.W. Its first social was held on 20th April, and proved a great success. Complete Uniforms, including Suit, Address Our thanks are due to Mr. L. R. V. Smith, O.C., North Sydney Divsion, for his co-operation Cap, Ribbon Collar, Landyard, at our "At Home." Silk, Front. The Officer in Charge, Manly Division, is No. 2 Serge £2/5/- pleased to say that reports are coming from No. I Serge, with cuffs £2/12/6 various sources praising the march through For further information as to enrolling as a member of the League, please "The Village." communicate with the Secretary, Navy League, Royal Exchange, Pitt Street, Official Outfitters to the Sydney. 'Phone: B 7806. We are very glad to report the Bplendid pro- dress made in the last twelve months, and hope Navy League Sea Cadet Corps to be able to do so again next year.

12 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL April, 1939 18 About a dozen ratings and two officers attended a parade at Manly to attend the Manly Divi- sion's annual presentation of badges and effi- ROYAL AUSTRALIAN NAVAL BIRT & COMPANY ciency medals. The parade marched through Manly to the depot, where the salute was taken COLLEGE [PTY.] LIMITED To and from England via Hit • by Mr. P. C. Spender, K.C., member for the 4 BRIDGE STREET, SYDNEY, N.S.W. Atlantic .... district in the Federal Parliament. It was a P.O. BOX 544 B., G.P.O. splendid effort, and Manly Division is to be BY congratulated on the marked improvements it CADET MIDSHIPMEN are required Alto at has made in such a short period. for the Royal Australian Naval College, 64 EAGLE STREET, BRISBANE Flinders Naval Depot, Victoria. MUSGRAVE COLD STORES, MUSGRAVE A squad of twelve ratings and one officer Every Australian boy who attains the WHARF, SOUTH BRISBANE. paraded at the Cenotaph on Sunday morning, age of 13 years during this calendar 23rd April ,when a wreath was placed by Cap- Shipping and General Agents year, and who is physically fit, is eli- tain Hill, Secretary of the N.S.W. Branch of gible to apply. Agenti in Australia for: the Navy League, in memory of the Zeebrugge Federal-Branch Service action of St. George's Day, 1918. A qualifying examination is held in Federal Steam Navigation Co. Ltd., London Tha New Zealand Shipping Co. Ltd., London September in the following subjects:— American and Australian Line, New York North Sydney and Manly Divisions combined Arithmetic (Elementary), Geometry, Osaka Syoson Kaiiya I ET your (rip to England follow the interesting in a ceremonial parade held by the Harbord English, History, Geography, and ONE, Swediih Australia Line rout® acrosi the Pacific—sea the United Stat., Branch of the R.S.S.I.L.A. on the afternoon of but not more than one, of the follow- Swedish-Pacific Australia Direct Line and Canada — than cro» tha Atlantic in a Australind S.S. Co. Ltd., London CUNARD WHITE STAR .hip. You .ill be sur- Sunday, 23rd April. This should help the re- ing:—Arithmetic (Harder), Algebra, Montreal Australia New Zealand Line Ltd. prued how littla eitra this mora interesting and : cruiting campaign of Manly Division to a great Latin, or French. Pacific Islands Transport Line quicker route w ll coit. extent Cargo -nd Passenger Services to United Kingdom. Conti. Candidates who qualify at the Educa- Or, if you go Home" via Suez, or Hie Cape, nental, U.S.A., Pacific and Eastern Ports. Full particulars tion examination Mill be medically return via North America, and so complete a The Navy League Sea Cadet Corps was well furnished on application. represented on Anzac Day, 25th April. A examined and interviewed by a Commit- Round-tha-World Voyage. parade of sixty ratings and four officers marched tee of Officers. Those selected will join from Grosvenor Street to Martin Place, where the Naval College in January next for Regular sailings from Australia connect with almoit a wreath from V.T.D. was placed on the Ceno- a four years' course before being ap- daily Cunard White Star services from Now York, Boston and Montreal to England and tha Continent. taph. The parade then took up its position pointed as Officers for sea service. lining the route of the Anzac Parade. After Full particulars and application forms Special rates quoted for through bookings in co- the Anzace had passed, the N.L.S.C.C. marched may be obtained from the following:— operation with all Lines ei Australia. It is an to the Sydney Doman and dismissed. It is LARS HALVORSEN advantage to reserve accommodation in advance certain that the marching was the best seen The Secretary, Navy Office, Melbourne, in Australia. Largest fleet operating on tho SONS PTY. LIMITED Atlantic Ocean. at a Sea Cadet parade for some time. The S.C.I., mascot from "Victory," Ian Mitchell, did a splen- did job of leading the parade. It is to his credit The District Naval Officer, Edgecliff, Designers and Builders of Cruisers and Information from all Travel Agents, and:— that, although the step was long at times, he Sydney. stretched his legs and matched the bigger lads. Commercial Craft. The closing date for applications is DALGETY & CO. LTD. 30th June, 19S9. The thanks of V.T.D. are due to Miss G. (Incorporated in England) Fewkes for her kindness in making the wreath 2 O'CONNELL STREET, SYDNEY, N.S.W. for them, very appropriately in the shape of a DISTRIBUTORS FOR MORRIS MARINE ship. So noticeable was this tribute that the and Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide, Perth "Sydney Morning Herald" reported it as being ENGINES. one of the most noticeable wreaths at the OBITUARY Cenotaph. CUNARD WHITE STAR LIMITED The Navy League, New South Wales There has been a steady influx of new re- Branch, and its Sea Cadet Corps, ex- (Incorporated in England) cruits for the past few weeks. If the present tend to Mr. and Mrs. Smith, of North NEUTRAL BAY rate continues we will be forced to use our Sydney Navy League Sub-Branch Com- 1/7 BENT STREET, SYDNEY, N.S.W. Boats' Depot as a training centre in the near mittee, and to Mr. L R. V. Smith, O. SYDNEY future. In C., "Victory" Training Depot, North 34 QUEEN STREET. MELBOURNE. VIC. Sydney Division, deepest sympathy In Once again we report:— the recent death of their son and brother. 'Phones: XA1035 (2 lines), XA1508 Bn nchea all over tho World. "ALL'S WELL AT V.T.D."

14 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNA May, 1939 IS "THE ORIGIN OF TRAINING"—

Continued from page 8. Incorporating ovary modern feature, the Union

Company's express liner "Awatea" sets a new This time it was the turn of the Senior Service to take action. In 1902 the late Admiral standard in Trans-Tasman travel. Palmer, then a Commander and Superintendent of Naval physical training, was instructed to With a speed of 23 knots the "Awatea" makes the examine and report on the various systems, voyage between Australia and New Zealand in which, by then, were in vogue on the Continent. His wanderings eventually brought him to Swe- only 24 days. den, where he was greatly attracted by their system of free arm and body exercises carried ! The "Awatea" carries first and tourist class pas- out devoid of heavy apparatus, in the Swedish sengers and maintains a regular service between Service and Civil establishments. On Palmer's report it was accepted by the Admiralty. Sydney, Auckland and Wellington.

A Swedish professor was installed in the All information from Royal Naval Barracks at Portsmouth, and the first course started for a mixed class of officers UNION STEAM SHIP CO. OF N.Z. LTD. and ratings in 1903. So successful did it prove that the Admiralty decided to establish a separ- (Incorporated in N.Z.) ate Physical Training School, and erected what is still probably the most complete establish- 247 GEORGE STREET, SYDNEY Phone: B 767I ment of its sort in the country, consisting as it does of a splendid gymnasium equipped with every possible requirement, swimming baths UN1CN and open air training quarters as well. Specially selected medical officers were appointed to deal ^^EEE^E LINE with the anatomical side of the new found science. Excellent lecture rooms were embodied in the school and all potential instructors, offi- cers and ratings alike, underwent a course and had to qualify in anatomy. THE STAFF OF LIFE . . . it a The Army, realising the Navy were on to a good thing, were soon on their trail, so that STURDIER STAFF by 1914 the system was thoroughly established (Block by courtesy "Bu in both Services and had reached a high stan- if spread with dard of efficiency.

"CONVOY"—Continued from page 4. This, then, was the origin of Scientific Physical six men who had been trapped down below by In the centre of the convoy was a grain- Training in our country some thirty-six years NORCO BUTTER laden ship from Canada—the "War Knight." a jammed door and were unable to get on ago. She hit the "O.B.J." square in the tank which deck till the fire had burned out. The "War Be sure to ask for contained these thousands of gallons of highly Knight" burned for days, but she was eventu- Great experience was gained during the war. explosive spirit. The result was awful. No— ally salvaged. The "O. B. Jennings" burned This, together with constant experiment and "awful" isn't strong enough, it was "frightful." for a week and had at last to be sunk at Spit- research since by the experts and medical ofli- There was no actual explosion, but a huge ball head. She, too, was salvaged and repaired; but cors attached to the three Schools, have natur- of Same slowly rose from the deck and pierced she met her Waterloo on the American coast ally led to a vast improvement in its application the side of the tanker. when, having fought an enemy submarine for and methods of teaching. Save that this natur- The two ships were still locked together. The nine hours, she went down with her colours ally varies to meet the individual needs of the Saming naphtha had engulfed the "War Knight," flying. respective Services, the original system as and in a moment she was a blazing inferno. The convoy continued on its passage up the brought from Sweden by Commander Palmer The ships drifted apart. We were close enough Channel, the escort wondering what trick Fate is still the basis of all training. to see the men on the "War Knight's" deck, was going to play them next. It was with a "THE BUTTER OF PERFECTION" their clothes on fire, jump overboard into the real feeling of relief that at daylight next day —("NAVY") sea of fire which surrounded her. It was awful the convoy was left to its own devices and the tender mercies of the Dover patrol, while with —again that feeling of helplessness—we could May, 1939 17 do nothing. A destroyer of the escort gallantly nerves on edge the escort turned and made for went alongside the tanker and took her crew Plymouth at full speed, there to fill up with off to the last man. The only men saved from coal, and prepare for the next convoy in two the "War Knight" were the second mate and days' time.— ("Reveille") ifcu ih the faayue

Why net?

THE NAVY LEAGUE IS...

a WATCHDOG of National and Imperial security,

an ENEMY of apathy in all matters naval and maritime,

a TRAINER of the citizens of to-morrow,

a PRESERVER of our glorious sea heritage.

a If you subscribe to these ideals you should subscribe to the League's funds for their mora perfect attainment.

THE LEAGUE NEEDS NEW MEMBERS WHY NOT JOIN NOW I

20 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL July, 1939 I

The Navy League N.S.W. Branch GLOBEX Cockatoo Docks & Patron: (BEEF EXTRACT) Engineering Co. Pty. Ltd. His Excellency The Governor of N.S.W., The Lord Wakehurst, K.C.M.G. President: Contractors to . . . Rear Admiral J. B. Stevenson, C.M.G. V*** ** * H.M. AUSTRALIAN NAVY Executive Committee: M , Jwi Judge A. P. Backhouse, M.A. (Chairman) Ship-builders, Marine & General Engineers Sir Kelso King, S.S.D. Captain M.B.R. Blackwood, D.S.O., R.N. Commander F.W. Hixson, O.B.E., M. C. Shannon S.S.D. W. A. Mackay Inquiries invited A. Consett Stephen T. H. Silk, M.I.C.E., M.I.N.A. For appetising flavour, strength - building Sir Thomas Gordon, Kt. J. L. Milson nourishment and economy in use . . . you Commander S. W. Spain Captain W. W. Beale, O.B.E. (Mil.) can't beat GLOBEX. It contains the full strength and concentrated essence of the COCKATOO ISLAND Commander J. Patrick, R.D.R.A.N.R. S. Cooper, S.S.D. primest beef and it is made in a second. Try it for soups, gravies, nourishing beef tea. Hon. Treasurers: Hon. Secretary: and it makes really delicious sandwiches . . . SYDNEY Sir Kelso King, S.S.D. C. M. C. Shannon Commander F. W. Hixson, O.B.E. S.S.D. but spread it thinly. • Hon. Auditors: Secretary and Editor of Journal: Phone: W 1941 (10 lines) Robertson, Crane and Gibbons Alan Hill, Master Mariner Obtainable from all Chemists and Stores in I, 2, 4 and 8 ox. jars or 4 and 8 oz. containers.

AIMS MB BBJECTS BF THE NAVY LEAGUE The Navy League is a Voluntary Patriotic and perial Security. non-Sectarian Association of British Peoples, en- 3. To bring home to every person in the Em- Recent Passenger Liners tirely outside party politics, desirous of render- pire that commerce can only be guarded For all happy occasions, afloat ing the greatest service of which it is capable from any possible attack by a Navy, in or ashore, the hostess can show With Babcock Boilers: Conjunction with the Air Force, sufficiently to the Empire, particularly in connection with her individuality in the form "Strathallan" all matters concerning the sea. It upholds rs strong in all the elements which modern "Strathmore" the fundamental principle of National and Im- warfare demands. she serves . . . "Stratheden" perial policy Complete Naval Protection for 4. To teach the citizens of the Empire, young "Orion" British Subjects and British Commerce all the and old alike, that "it is the Navy where- "Orcades" World over. on, under the good providence of God, the ARNOTT'S Its Objects are:— wealth, safety and strength of the King- With Babcock-Johnson Boilers: 1. To enlist on Imperial and National grounds, dom chiefly depend," and that The Exist- "Arundel Castle" the support of all classes in Maintaining the ence of the Empire, with the liberty anc' CRISP SAO "Windsor Castle" Navy at the Requisite Standard of Strength, prosperity of its peoples. No Less Depend; "Andes" not only with a view to the safety of our on the Merchant Service, which, under th< All above vessels are oil-fired. trade and Empire, but also with the object Sure Shield of the Navy, welds us into One BISCUITS of securing British prestige on every sea Imperial Whole. With Babcock Boilers & Babcock- and in every port of the World. 5. To encourage and develop the Navy League the lightest and most desirable Erith Marine Strokers: 2. To convince the general public that expendi- Sea Cadet Corps not only with a view to base for savouries. Attractive, Two new mail steamers for tfie British ture upon the Navy is the national equiva- keeping alive the sea spirit of our race India S.N. Co. Ltd. lent of the ordinary insurance which no sane but also to enable the Boys to Become Good too, with ham, paste, fresh or person grudges in private affairs, and that Citizens of the Empire, by learning discip- stewed fruit and a simple epi- Babcock & Wilcox Limited Since a Sadden Development of Naval line, duty and self-respect in the spirit of Incorporated in England Strength Is impossible, only Continuity of their motto—"For God, for the King, fo« curean delight with butter and Australian Head Office and Works: Preparation can Guarantee National and Iro- the Empire." cheese. REGENT'S PARK, N.S.W. 20 THE NAVY LEAGUE JOURNAL ifec w MMMIL Regular sailings by luxury passenger liners "CANBERRA/1 "DUNTROON," "KANIMBLA," "KATOOMBA," "MANUNDA," "MANOORA," "ORMISTON" and "ORUNGAL"

to Melbourne — Adelaide — Western Australia — Brisbane — Mackay — Townsville — Cairns (Special Cairns sailings by s.s. "ORMISTON from Sydney 22nd June. I 3*h July. 3rd and 24th August)

Full particulars from:

THE ADELAIDE S.S. CO. LTD.. 22 Bridge St. HUDDART PARKER LTD. - - 10 Bridge St. A.U.S.N. CO. LTD. - - 247 George St. MclLWRAITH McEACHARN LTD., 19 Bridge St. HOWARD SMITH LTD. - - 269 George St. MELBOURNE S.S. CO. LTD. - I Barrack St. (Offices also at Newcastle)

I3iittav J&tUi

letter* Capstan in the CAPSTAN^W^M ILD

K£D packet. 10 - 6d., 20 • 1/-. Also Flat and Round 50 » & 100'a. 47IS-44

Printed by Borrymore Press Pty. Ltd.—'Phone : MA 9146.