Tuesday, October 21, 2008

Part II

Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service

50 CFR Part 17 Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Listing 48 Species on Kauai as Endangered and Designating Critical Habitat; Proposed Rule

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4717 Sfmt 4717 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 62592 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: any costs or benefits that we have overlooked. Fish and Wildlife Service Public Comments (9) Information on whether the DEA We intend that any final action makes appropriate assumptions 50 CFR Part 17 resulting from this proposal will be regarding current practices and any [FWS-R1-ES-2008–0046; MO 9221050083- based on the best scientific and regulatory changes likely if we designate B2] commercial data available and be as critical habitat. accurate and as effective as possible. (10) Information on whether the DEA RIN 1018-AV48 Therefore, we request comments or identifies all costs that could result from suggestions on this proposed rule from the critical habitat designation and Endangered and Threatened Wildlife the public, other concerned whether you agree with the analysis. and Plants; Listing 48 Species on governmental agencies, the scientific (11) Information on whether the DEA Kauai as Endangered and Designating community, industry, or any other correctly assesses the effect on regional Critical Habitat interested parties. We particularly seek costs associated with any land use AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, comments concerning: controls that may result from the critical Interior. (1) Specific information on: habitat designation. ACTION: Proposed rule. • The amount and distribution of (12) Information on areas that the habitat for the species included in this critical habitat designation could SUMMARY: We, the U.S. Fish and proposed rule, potentially impact to a disproportionate Wildlife Service (Service), propose to • What areas currently occupied, and degree. list 48 species on the island of Kauai in that contain features essential for the (13) Economic data on the the Hawaiian Islands as endangered conservation of the species, we should incremental costs of designating any under the Endangered Species Act of include in the designation and why, and particular area as critical habitat. 1973, as amended (Act). We also • What areas not currently occupied (14) Information on any quantifiable propose to designate critical habitat for are essential to the conservation of the economic benefits of the designation of 47 of these species totaling 27,674 acres species and why. critical habitat. (15) Whether the benefits of excluding (ac) (11,199 hectares (ha)). Critical (2) Biological, commercial trade, or any particular area from critical habitat habitat designation is not prudent for other relevant data concerning threats outweigh the benefits of including that one species, Pritchardia hardyi, which (or lack thereof) to these species. area in critical habitat under section is threatened by overcollection, (3) Additional information concerning 4(b)(2) of the Act. vandalism, or other human activity. the range, distribution, and population This proposed rule, if made final, would (16) Information on economic impacts sizes of these species, including the that have occurred since the previous extend the Act’s protections to these locations of any additional populations species. economic analyses were completed of these species. relevant to critical habitat ‘‘overlap’’ DATES: We will accept comments (4) Any information on the biological areas, or that may occur in the future received on or before December 22, or ecological requirements of these due to designation of critical habitat (see 2008. We must receive requests for species. The following information Economic Analysis, below, for details). public hearings, in writing, at the regarding the potential economic and (17) Information on economic impacts address shown in the FOR FURTHER other impacts of the proposed critical relevant to areas where the proposed INFORMATION CONTACT section by habitat designation is requested solely critical habitat does not overlap with December 5, 2008. so that we may consider the potential existing critical habitat for other plants ADDRESSES: You may submit comments effects of critical habitat designation in on the island of Kauai. by one of the following methods: the final rule; this information will not (18) Any foreseeable economic, • Federal eRulemaking Portal: http:// be considered in the decision whether national security, or other potential www.regulations.gov. Follow the to list these 48 species. impacts resulting from the proposed instructions for submitting comments. (5) Land use designations and current critical habitat designation and, in • U.S. mail or hand-delivery: Public or planned activities in the areas particular, any impacts on small Comments Processing, Attn: FWS-R1- occupied by these species and their entities, and the benefits of including or ES-2008–0046; Division of Policy and possible impacts on these species and excluding areas that exhibit these Directives Management; U.S. Fish and proposed critical habitat. impacts. Wildlife Service; 4401 N. Fairfax Drive, (6) Which areas are appropriate as (19) Whether we could improve or Suite 222; Arlington, VA 22203. critical habitat for these species and modify our approach to designating We will not accept e-mail or faxes. We why they should be proposed for critical habitat in any way to provide for will post all comments on http:// designation as critical habitat. greater public participation and www.regulations.gov. This generally (7) The reasons why we should or understanding, or to better means that we will post any personal should not designate habitat as ‘‘critical accommodate public concerns and information you provide us (see the habitat’’ under section 4 of the Act (16 comments. ‘‘Public Comments’’ section below for U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), including whether You may submit your comments and more information). the benefit of designation outweighs materials concerning this proposed rule FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: threats to the species caused by the by one of the methods listed in the Patrick Leonard, Field Supervisor, designation, such that the designation of ADDRESSES section. We will not Pacific Islands Fish and Wildlife Office, critical habitat for any particular species consider comments sent by e-mail or fax 300 Ala Moana Boulevard, Box 50088, is prudent. or to an address not listed in the Honolulu, HI 96850; telephone 808-792- (8) Information on whether the draft ADDRESSES section. 9400; facsimile 808-792-9581. If you use economic analysis (DEA) identifies all If you submit a comment via http:// a telecommunications device for the State and local costs and benefits www.regulations.gov, your entire deaf (TDD), call the Federal Information attributable to the proposed critical comment—including any personal Relay Service (FIRS) at 800-877-8339. habitat designation, and information on identifying information—will be posted

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62593

on the website. If you submit a to survive. We have therefore organized species. These 48 species (45 plants, 2 hardcopy comment that includes the species addressed in this proposed birds, and 1 picture-wing fly) are found personal identifying information, you rule by common ecosystem. Although in 6 ecosystem types: lowland mesic, may request at the top of your document the listing determination for each lowland wet, montane mesic, montane that we withhold this information from species is analyzed separately, we have wet, dry cliff, and wet cliff (Table 1). public review. However, we cannot organized the specific analysis for each Although most of these species are guarantee that we will be able to do so. species within the context of the restricted to a single ecosystem, some We will post all hardcopy comments on broader ecosystem in which it occurs to are found in multiple ecosystems. For http://www.regulations.gov. avoid redundancy. In addition, native each species, we identified and Comments and materials we receive, species that share ecosystems often face evaluated those factors that threaten the as well as supporting documentation we a suite of common factors that may species and that may be common to all used in preparing this proposed rule, threaten them, and these threat factors of the species at the ecosystem level. For will be available for public inspection at require similar management actions to example, the degradation of habitat by http://www.regulations.gov, or by ameliorate or eliminate them. Effective feral ungulates is considered a threat to appointment, during normal business management of these threat factors often each species within each ecosystem. As hours, at the U.S. Fish and Wildlife requires implementation of conservation a result, this threat factor is considered actions at the ecosystem scale to Service, Pacific Islands Fish and to be a multiple ecosystem-level threat, enhance or restore critical ecological Wildlife Office (see FOR FURTHER as each individual species within each processes and provide for long-term INFORMATION CONTACT). ecosystem faces a threat that is You may obtain copies of the viability of those species in their native environment. Thus, by taking this essentially identical in terms of the proposed rule and draft economic nature of the impact, its severity, its analysis by mail from the Pacific Islands approach, we hope to not only organize this proposed rule effectively, but also imminence, and its scope. We further Fish and Wildlife Office (see FOR identified and evaluated any threat FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT) or by to more effectively focus conservation management efforts on the common factors that may be unique to certain visiting the Federal eRulemaking Portal species, and do not apply to all species at http://www.regulations.gov. threats that occur across these ecosystems, restore ecosystem function under consideration within the same Background for the recovery of each species, and ecosystem. For example, the threat of avian malaria is unique to the two birds An Ecosystem-based Approach provide conservation benefits for associated native species, thereby in this proposed rule, and is not On the island of Kauai, as on most of potentially precluding the need to list applicable to any of the other species the Hawaiian Islands, native species other species under the Act that occur proposed for listing. We have identified that occur in the same habitat types in these shared ecosystems. such threat factors, which apply only to (ecosystems) depend on many of the We propose to list each of the 48 certain species within the ecosystems same biological features and on the species endemic to the island of Kauai addressed here, as species-specific successful functioning of that ecosystem addressed in this rule as an endangered threats. TABLE 1.—THE 48 KAUAI SPECIES AND THE ECOSYSTEMS UPON WHICH THEY DEPEND

Ecosystem Species

Lowland Mesic Plants: Canavalia napaliensis, Chamaesyce eleanoriae, Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi, Charpentiera densiflora, Doryopteris angelica, Dubautia kenwoodii, Labordia helleri, Pittosporum napaliense, Platydesma rostrata, Psychotria hobdyi, Tetraplasandra bisattenuata

Lowland Wet Plants: Chamaesyce remyi var. kauaiensis, Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi, Charpentiera densiflora, Cyanea eleelensis, Cyanea kolekoleensis, Cyanea kuhihewa, Cyrtandra oenobarba, Dubautia imbricata ssp. imbricata, Labordia helleri, Melicope paniculata, Melicope puberula, Phyllostegia renovans, Platydesma rostrata, Pritchardia hardyi, Stenogyne kealiae, Tetraplasandra bisattenuata

Montane Mesic Plants: Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi, Diellia mannii, Labordia helleri, Myrsine knudsenii, Myrsine mezii, Platydesma rostrata, Psychotria grandiflora, Stenogyne kealiae, Tetraplasandra flynnii Animals: Akekee, Drosophila attigua

Montane Wet Plants: Astelia waialeale, Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi, Dryopteris crinalis var. podosorus, Dubautia kalalauensis, Dubautia waialeale, Geranium kauaiense, Keysseria erici, Keysseria helenae, Labordia helleri, Labordia pumila, Lysimachia daphnoides, Melicope degeneri, Melicope puberula, Myrsine mezii, Phyllostegia renovans, Platydesma rostrata, Psychotria grandiflora, Tetraplasandra flynnii Animals: Akekee, Akikiki, Drosophila attigua

Dry Cliff Plants: Chamaesyce eleanoriae, Lysimachia scopulensis, Schiedea attenuata, Stenogyne kealiae

Wet Cliff Plants: Chamaesyce remyi var. kauaiensis, Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi, Cyanea dolichopoda, Cyrtandra oenobarba, Cyrtandra paliku, Dubautia plantaginea ssp. magnifolia, Lysimachia iniki, Lysimachia pendens, Lysimachia venosa, Platydesma rostrata, Pritchardia hardyi

Under the Act, we are required to publication of a final determination that species. We have determined that the designate critical habitat to the a species is endangered or threatened. In designation of critical habitat is not maximum extent prudent and this rule, we are proposing to designate prudent for one species of native palm determinable concurrently with the critical habitat for 47 of the 48 Kauai tree due to the increased threat of

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 62594 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

collection that may result from such uncertainties of climate change and their formation. Eleven of the 12 soil designation. The designation of critical other processes that may impact highly types occur in Hawaii (Gavenda et al. habitat for the other 47 Kauai species is localized habitat conditions and 1998, p. 96). Hawaii’s basaltic rocks organized by common ecosystem. essential features in the future. Critical decompose to clay and various oxides Although critical habitat is identified for habitat areas for multiple species may and hydroxides when exposed to the each species individually, we have also better provide for the recovery of weather in high rainfall areas. Silica and found that the conservation of each these species by guiding our other elements are leached out, leaving depends, at least in part, on the conservation efforts as well as those of the iron oxides, which are successful functioning of the commonly our partners, and by providing better conspicuously red in color, and very shared ecosystem. Each critical habitat information to the public and other evident in the eroded cliffs of Waimea unit identified in this proposed rule entities about important conservation Canyon. These red soils support plant therefore contains the physical and areas. life, and have low fertility and nutrient biological features essential to the content (Walker 1999, p. 32). The soils The Island of Kauai conservation of each species and those in drier areas lack significant organic areas that are essential for the The island of Kauai is the material and are characterized by conservation of each associated species. northernmost and oldest of the eight deposits, called caliche, of soluble salts Where the unit is not occupied by a major Hawaiian Islands (Foote et al. near the soil surface. Caliche may form particular species, we believe it is 1972, p. 3). It was formed about 6 concretions (solid mass or coalescence) essential for the conservation of that million years ago by a single shield around plant roots and stems (Walker species. All of the areas proposed for volcano and is 553 square miles (sq mi) 1999, p. 32). designation would constitute critical (1,430 sq kilometers (km)) in area. The Because of its age and relative habitat for multiple species, based upon island is characterized by deeply isolation, levels of floristic diversity and their shared habitat requirements. The dissected canyons and steep ridges endemism are higher on Kauai than on identification of critical habitat also (Department of Geography 1998, p. 151). any other island in the Hawaiian takes into account any species-specific The large caldera, once the largest in the archipelago. However, the vegetation of conservation needs as appropriate. For Hawaiian Islands, now extends about 10 Kauai has undergone extreme example, the presence of specific host mi (16 km) in diameter and comprises alterations because of past and present plants for larval development is the elevated tableland of the Alakai land use. Land with rich soils was essential for the conservation of the Swamp (Department of Geography 1998, altered by the early Hawaiians and, picture-wing fly Drosophila attigua, but p. 151). To the west of the Alakai more recently, converted to agricultural is not a requirement shared by all Swamp is the deeply dissected Waimea use (Gagne and Cuddihy 1999, p. 45) or species within the same ecosystem. Canyon, extending 10 mi (16 km) in pasture. Intentional and inadvertent This approach represents a departure length and up to 1 mi (1.6 km) in width. introduction of alien plant and animal from our previous approaches to Later volcanic activity on the species has also contributed to the designating critical habitat for southeastern flank of the volcano reduction in range of the native threatened and endangered species in formed the smaller Haupu caldera. vegetation on the island of Kauai. Hawaii, which focused on discrete areas Subsequent erosion and collapse of its (Throughout this rule, the terms ‘‘alien,’’ occupied by the species at the time of flank formed Haupu Ridge (Macdonald ‘‘feral,’’ ‘‘nonnative,’’ and ‘‘introduced’’ listing. Because Hawaii has 394 listed et al. 1983, p. 457). all refer to species that are not naturally species (294 plants), the previous The amount of rainfall on the native to the Hawaiian Islands.) Most of approach to critical habitat designations Hawaiian Islands depends greatly on the taxa included in this rule persist on resulted in an overlapping and topography, and the orographic steep slopes, precipitous cliffs, valley confusing patchwork of critical habitat (mountain-caused) effect is revealed by headwalls, and other regions where areas that could be confusing to the the wide range in the pattern of annual unsuitable topography has prevented public to interpret. More importantly, rainfall, from 10 inches (in) to 450 in (25 urbanization and agricultural we have learned that many native centimeters (cm) to 1,145 cm) development, or where inaccessibility Hawaiian plants and animals currently (Giambelluca and Schroeder 1998, p. has limited encroachment by nonnative occupy areas of marginal habitat 59). Variations in the landscape can plant and an!imal species. because the threats are reduced in those create microclimates, with large changes areas, but these species can thrive when in rainfall and wind patterns over very Kauai Ecosystems reintroduced into historical habitats short distances (Wagner et al. 1999, p. The six Kauai ecosystems that support when threats are being effectively 43). Mount Waialeale, Kauai’s second the species addressed in this proposed managed. For this reason, we believe it highest point at 5,148 feet (ft) (1,569 rule are described in the following is important to designate unoccupied meters (m)) in elevation (Walker 1999, sections. habitat in those cases where it is p. 21) is one of the wettest spots on Lowland Mesic essential to the recovery of the species. earth, with annual rainfall measured at The lowland mesic ecosystem We believe the approach adopted in more than 450 in (1,145 cm) includes a variety of grasslands, this proposed rule will make critical (Department of Geography 1998, p. 151). shrublands, and forests, generally below habitat in Hawaii a more useful One of the island’s most famous features 3,000 ft (1,000 m) elevation, that receive conservation tool for land managers. is the Na Pali Coast, where stream and between 50 and 75 in (127 and 191 cm) Focusing on the management and wave action have cut deep valleys and annual rainfall, or in otherwise mesic restoration of habitat at the ecosystem eroded the land to form precipitous substrate conditions (The Nature scale and on ecosystem processes that cliffs as high as 3,000 ft (910 m) Conservancy (TNC) 2006b). In the these species require will result in more (Joesting 1984, p. 14). Hawaiian Islands, this ecosystem is effective conservation than a The current soil classification system found on Hawaii, Maui, Molokai, Lanai, designation based solely on the for the Hawaiian Islands distinguishes Oahu, and Kauai, on both windward locations of the last few known soil types based on their measurable and leeward sides of the islands. On individuals. In addition, we believe this physical and chemical properties, and Kauai, this ecosystem is typically found approach will aid recovery given the environmental factors that influenced on the western slopes of the island

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62595

(Gagne and Cuddihy 1999, p. 75; TNC occupying steep slopes (greater than 65 Sincock Bog 2 contained two clumps, 2006b). Biological diversity is high in degrees) in areas that receive less than with one individual in each, and this system (TNC 2006b), and 11 of the 75 in (191 cm) of rainfall annually, or Waikoali Bog, or Circle Bog, contained 48 species included in this proposed in otherwise dry substrate conditions two clumps with one individual in each rule are reported from this ecosystem (TNC 2006a). This system is found on (Perlman and Wood 1995, pp. 9-11). In (Hawaii Biodiversity and Mapping all of the main Hawaiian Islands except 1996 and 1997, both Sincock Bog 1 and Program (HBMP) 2007; TNCH 2007). Niihau, and on the island of Kauai is Sincock Bog 2 were fenced, followed by Lowland Wet best developed in the leeward canyons. Circle bog in 1998. Regular monitoring The lowland wet ecological system is A variety of grasslands and shrublands of these bogs commenced, and with generally found below 3,000 ft (1,000 m) occur within this system (TNC 2006a). protection from the fences, there was an elevation on the windward sides of the Biological diversity is low to moderate increase in numbers of clumps and main Hawaiian Islands, except in this system (TNC 2006a), and 4 of the individuals of A. waialealae found in all Kahoolawe and Niihau (Gagne and 48 species included in this proposed three bogs. By 2001, the numbers of Cuddihy 1999, p. 85; TNC 2006c). These rule are reported from this ecosystem clumps (and individuals) reached their areas include a variety of wet (Hawaii Biodiversity and Mapping peaks of 5 clumps (9 individuals) for grasslands, shrublands, and forests that Program (HBMP) 2007; TNCH 2007). Circle bog, 6 clumps (36 individuals) for receive greater than 75 in (191 cm) Wet Cliff Sincock Bog 1, and 2 clumps (7 annual precipitation, or are found in The wet cliff ecological system is individuals) for Sincock Bog 2. By 2003, otherwise wet substrate conditions generally composed of grasslands and numbers of individuals began dropping (TNC 2006c). On Kauai, this system is shrublands on near-vertical slopes dramatically, with visible signs of poor best developed in wet valleys and (greater than 65 degrees) in areas that health for those remaining (USFWS slopes adjacent to the summit plateau of receive more than 75 in (191 cm) of Kauai monitoring database 2008). Some Waialealae and Alakai (TNC 2006c). annual precipitation, or that are in individuals were removed at that point According to The Nature Conservancy otherwise wet substrate conditions for preservation in local propagation (TNC), biological diversity is high in (TNC 2006d). This system is found on facilitie!s. Between December 2005 and this system (TNC 2006c), and 16 of the the islands of Hawaii, Maui, Molokai, January 2006, NTBG conducted 48 species included in this proposed Lanai, Oahu, and Kauai. On Kauai, this botanical research around the summit rule are reported from this ecosystem system is typically found on the bog region of Waialeale and located one (HBMP 2007; TNCH 2007). windward cliffs adjacent to Waialeale clump of A. waialealae consisting of Montane Mesic (TNC 2006d). Biological diversity is low three individual plants. With the A variety of natural communities (e.g., to moderate in this system (TNC 2006d), discovery of these three plants, the grasslands, shrublands, and forests) are and 11 of the 48 species included in this current total of A. waialealae is believed found in the montane mesic ecological proposed rule are reported from this to be 27 individuals, possibly system. This system is found between ecosystem (HBMP 2007; TNCH 2007). representing only 13 genetically distinct 3,000 and 6,000 ft (1,000 and 2,000 m) Description of the 48 Species plants (Service 2005a; Wood 2006, pp. elevation in areas receiving 50 to 75 in 8-9; USFWS Kauai monitoring database (127 to 191 cm) of precipitation yearly Here we provide a brief description of 2008). (TNC 2006e). The montane mesic each of the 48 species proposed for Canavalia napaliensis (awikiwiki), a system is found on the islands of listing, presented in alphabetical order climbing plant in the pea family Hawaii, Maui, Molokai, and Kauai. On by genus; plants are presented first, (Fabaceae), occurs in open sites, on Kauai, this system is best developed on followed by animals. talus slopes, and on gulch bottoms in the west-facing slopes. Biological Plants mesic forest in the lowland mesic diversity is ranked as moderate in the ecosystem, at elevations between 20 and montane mesic system, according to Astelia waialealae (painiu), an herb in 1,900 ft (6 and 579 m) (Wagner and TNC (TNC 2006e), and 11 of the 48 the Asteliaceae family, occurs in bogs Herbst 1999, p. 654; TNCH 2007). C. species included in this proposed rule and on bog hummocks (low mounds or napaliensis was historically known are reported from this ecosystem (HBMP ridges of vegetation) dominated by from 12 locations along the 2007; TNCH 2007). Metrosideros polymorpha (ohia) in the northwestern coast of the island of Montane Wet montane wet ecosystem at elevations Kauai, extending westward from Haena The montane wet ecological system is between 4,000 and 5,000 ft (1,220 and to Makaha ridge (HBMP 2007). composed of natural communities 1,525 m) (Wagner et al. 1999, p. 1,461; Currently, this species is restricted to a (grasslands, shrublands, forests, bogs) TNCH 2007). A. waialealae was known small section of the Na Pali coast from found at elevations between 3,000 and historically from five locations in the Haena to Kalalau Valley (S. Perlman, 6,000 ft (1,000 and 2,000 m) and in areas Alakai Swamp region of Kauai (Wagner pers. comm. 2000; HBMP 2007), in 5 where annual precipitation is greater et al. 1999, p. 1,461; HBMP 2007). populations totaling approximately 106 than 75 in (191 cm) (TNC 2006f). This Between October and December 1994, to 206 individuals (HBMP 2007). The system is found on all of the main botanists from the National Tropical populations are located in Hoolulu Hawaiian Islands except Niihau and Botanical Garden (NTBG) and the U.S. Valley (50 to 100 individuals); Kahoolawe (TNC 2006f). On Kauai it is Fish and Wildlife Service (Service) Waiahuaka Valley (1 individual); best developed in the summit plateau of undertook a systematic survey of bogs Pohakuao (5 individuals); Kalalau Waialeale and Alakai. In this system, on the island of Kauai, revisiting all of Valley (50 to 100 individuals); and biological diversity is moderate to high the historically known locations of A. Limahuli Valley (1 individual) (Wagner (TNC 2006f), and 21 of the 48 species waialealae, as well as 16 additional and Herbst 1999, p. 654; HBMP 2007). included in this proposed rule are bogs. At that time, A. waialealae was Chamaesyce eleanoriae (akoko), a reported from this ecosystem (HBMP confirmed to exist in three bogs. One small shrub in the spurge family 2007; TNCH 2007). bog, known as Sincock Bog 1, contained (Euphorbiaceae), is restricted to steep, Dry Cliff three Astelia clumps with 3 individuals north-facing, narrow ridge crests, The dry cliff ecological system is in one, 5 in another, and possibly 10 in outcrops, and steep rocky slopes and composed of vegetation communities the third, for a total of 18 individuals. upper portions of basalt cliffs in the dry

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 62596 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

cliff and lowland mesic ecosystems mesic to wet Metrosideros polymorpha- 129). This species was discovered in (Lorence and Wagner 1996, p. 68; K. Dicranopteris linearis (ohia-uluhe) Wainiha Valley on the island of Kauai Wood, NTBG, in litt. 2007a; TNCH forest, at elevations between 1,200 and in 1977, in one population noted as 2007). Documented habitats include 4,100 ft (366 and 1,250 m) (Wood 1998; ‘‘fewer than 10’’ individuals (Lammers Metrosideros-Diospyros (ohia-lama) Koutnik 1999, pp. 613-614; HBMP 2007; 1992, p. 129; K. Wood, pers. comm. mesic forest, Metrosideros cliff TNCH 2007). This species is historically 2000; HBMP 2007). Collections for shrubland, Metrosideros mesic known from widely distributed genetic storage and ex situ propagation shrubland, and Eragrostis variabilis populations on the island of Kauai were not made at the time of the 1977 (kawelu) coastal dry cliffs, at elevations (HBMP 2007). Currently C. remyi var. discovery. Since its discovery in 1977, between 885 and 3,499 ft (270 and 1,036 remyi is found in 10 populations subsequent surveys for this species have m) (HBMP 2007). C. eleanoriae was totaling a little more than 350 not been conducted in the original historically known from 10 populations individuals at Pohakupili, Makaleha, (type) location. Although individuals of totaling fewer than 500 individuals (K. Malamamaiki, Limahuli, Lumahai, this species were not relocated in Wood, in litt. 2007a; Lorence and Limahuli-Hanakapiai, Kalalau-Honopu, surveys conducted in August 2001 and Wagner 1996, pp. 68-70). Currently, Koaie canyon, Wahiawa drainage, and June 2002 in areas adjacent to the three populations are known: one at the Puu Kolo (Wood 1998; K. Wood, pers. original location, much of the suitable Kalalau Valley rim between 2,950 and comm. 2005a; HBMP 2007). habitat (Metrosideros lowland wet 3,200 ft (900 and 975 m), below and Charpentiera densiflora (papala) is a forest) for this species on Kauai has not between the two Kalalau lookouts; one tree in the amaranth family been surveyed. If surveys are conducted, at Alealau above Kalalau at 3,100 ft (945 (Amaranthaceae) which occurs additional individuals are likely to be m) elevation; and one at Pohakuao, an primarily in the lowland mesic found (S. Perlman and K. Wood, pers. isolated hanging valley northeast of ecosystem, with one record from the comm. 2007). Kalalau, at elevations from 886 to 2,592 lowland wet ecosystem (Wagner et al. Cyanea kolekoleensis (haha), a shrub ft (270 to 790 m). As of the last 1999, p. 190; HBMP 2007; TNCH 2007). in the bellflower family monitoring visit in 2001, these 3 This species is found in moist, closed (Campanulaceae), occurs in wet populations combined totaled fewer areas, and grows along drainages and in Metrosideros polymorpha forest in the than 50 individuals (NTBG 2007). gulches in valleys, primarily in lowland wet ecosystem at elevations of Chamaesyce remyi var. kauaiensis Diospyros-Metrosideros (lama-ohia) 2,125 to 2,500 ft (650 to 765 m) (akoko), a shrub in the spurge family mixed mesic forest, at elevations (Lammers 1992, p. 130; HBMP 2007; (Euphorbiaceae), is found in the between 400 and 2,200 ft (122 and 671 TNCH 2007). First discovered in 1987 in lowland wet and wet cliff ecosystems in m) (HBMP 2007). Historically, C. the Wahiawa drainage, the last known Metrosideros polymorpha wet forest at densiflora was found along the Kalalau C. kolekoleensis was observed in 1992. elevations between 1,900 and 2,297 ft trail in the Hoolulu Valley, with limited Seeds were in storage and propagation (579 and 700 m) (Koutnik 1999, pp. 613- distribution in three valleys (including for this species was attempted, but none 614; HBMP 2007; TNCH 2007). Little is Hanakapiai and Hanakoa) along the Na survived (M. Clark, NTBG, in litt. 2007; known about the historical range of this Pali Coast of Kauai (Sohmer 1972, p. Lyon Arboretum 2007). However, there species; however, two collections made 294). Currently, 7 populations are are many areas within the ecosystem on private lands at Kaholuamanao and known, totaling approximately 400 type in the Wahiawa drainage that have near Hanapepe Falls in 1916 and 1926, individuals, in Hanakapiai, Kalalau, not been surveyed for this species, from respectively, indicate that its range Limahuli, Hoolulu, and Waiahuakua Mt. Kahili to Kapalaoa and the likely extended south and west from its valleys, and in Pohakuao, a hanging Hanapepe Valley rim, and species currently known locations on the island valley between Kalalau and Hanakoa experts are confident that additional of Kauai (HBMP 2007). Currently, C. (HBMP 2007). individuals will be found (S. Perlman, remyi var. kauaiensis is found in Cyanea dolichopoda (haha) is a shrub in litt. 2007). Lumahai Valley, Wainiha, Wailua River, in the bellflower family Cyanea kuhihewa (haha), a shrub in the ‘‘Blue Hole’’ at the head of Wailua (Campanulaceae). It is found in the bellflower family (Campanulaceae), River in the Lihue-Koloa forest reserve, Metrosideros polymorpha lowland wet is reported from Metrosideros and at Iliiliula (K. Wood, pers. comm. shrubland on a cliff face at polymorpha-Dicranopteris linearis wet 2005a; HBMP 2007). Based on surveys approximately 2,300 ft (700 m) elevation forest at an elevation of 1,680 ft (512 m) conducted from 2000 through 2004, the within the wet cliff ecosystem (Lammers in the lowland wet ecosystem (Lammers number of individuals at Lumahai and Lorence 1993, p. 432; TNCH 2007). 1996, pp. 238-240; HBMP 2007; TNCH Valley dropped from 50 to only The species was first discovered in 1990 2007). In a 1994 survey for C. kuhihewa, ‘‘occasional.’’ The number of in the ‘‘Blue Hole’’ area below Mt. seven individuals were observed, most individuals at Wailua River dropped Waialeale, and the plant was last seen of which were damaged by a nonnative from 500 to 200; the number of in 1992 (Lammers and Lorence 1993, insect, the two-spotted leafhopper individuals at the Wainiha population pp. 431-432). However, additional (Sophonia rufofacia) (NTBG Provenance increased from 200 to as many as 700; individuals are very likely to be found Report 1994). In 2001, only one about 200 are found at ‘‘Blue Hole’’; and in the extremely steep habitat with individual plant remained, and was a population of 20 individuals was additional surveys (S. Perlman, in litt. observed dead in 2003 (Wood et al. found in Iliiliula (K. Wood, pers. comm. 2007). 2002, p. 3; S. Perlman, pers. comm. 2005a; HBMP 2007). The total number Cyanea eleeleensis (haha) is a shrub 2003a). Prior to that time, seeds and of individuals is at least 920 and in the bellflower family tissue were collected for genetic storage possibly over 1,000 in the 5 (Campanulaceae) and is reported from and propagation (Wood et al. 2002, p. 3; populations. the lowland wet ecosystem (Lammers Bender 2006, p. 1; N. Sugii, Lyon Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi (akoko) 1992, p. 129; TNCH 2007). It was found Arboretum, pers. comm. 2006; V. Pence, is a vine-like shrub in the spurge family growing in a shaded gulch in wet forest, Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Garden, (Euphorbiaceae) found in the lowland surrounded by steep, precipitous cliffs pers. comm. 2007). This species is still mesic, lowland wet, wet cliff, montane of Pali Eleele, at an elevation of 699 ft found in cultivation at the Lyon mesic, and montane wet ecosystems in (213 m) (HBMP 2007; Lammers 1992, p. Arboretum and the Cincinnati Zoo,

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62597

Center for Conservation and Research of Corynocarpus laevigatus (karakanut) in Metrosideros, Oreobolus (sedge), Endangered Wildlife (D. Burney, NTBG, the montane mesic ecosystem, at an Rhynchospora (kuolohia) bogs at pers. comm. 2006; N. Sugii, pers. comm. elevation of 3,450 ft (1,050 m) elevations between approximately 2,165 2006a; V. Pence, pers. comm. 2007). (Aguraiuja and Wood 2003, p. 155; and 3,640 ft (660 and 1,110 m) (HBMP Cyrtandra oenobarba (haiwale) is a HBMP 2007; TNCH 2007). D. mannii 2007). Historically and currently, D. subshrub (a lowgrowing woody shrub or was historically known from one imbricata ssp. imbricata is known only perennial with a woody base) in the location in the Halemanu area of what from the Wahiawa Mountains of Kauai African violet family (Gesneriaceae) that is now Kokee State Park, in the (St. John and Carr 1981, pp. 198, 201; occurs in the lowland wet and wet cliff northwestern region of Kauai. The Carr 1999, p. 298; HBMP 2007). There ecosystems (Wagner et al. 1999, pp. 770- species was thought to be extinct since are approximately 200 individuals at 771; TNCH 2007). C. oenobarba is found the early 1900s, until 2002 when a Wahaiawa drainage, approximately on wet slopes, mossy areas, or in rock single individual was rediscovered 1,000 individuals on both sides of the crevices near waterfalls in Metrosideros (Aguraiuja and Wood 2003, pp. 154-155; ridge between Hanapepe and Iole, and polymorpha-Dicranopteris linearis wet Palmer 2003, p. 120). Currently, the an estimate of several hundred cliffs, forest and shrubland, at elevations species is known only from this one individuals at Iliiliula (K. Wood, pers. between 1,320 and 2,800 ft (402 and 853 individual in the southeastern branch of comm. 2005a; HBMP 2007). These 3 m) (Wood 1998, p. 3; HBMP 2007). Nawaimaka Stream in the Halemanu populations total approximately 1,400 Historically, wide-ranging collections Mountains of Kokee State Park (HBMP individuals (K. Wood, pers. comm. were made of C. oenobarba on the 2007). 2005a; HBMP 2007). island of Kauai, from the eastern side at Doryopteris angelica is a fern in the Dubautia kalalauensis (naenae), a Kekoiki ridge, the northern coast at pteris family (Pteridaceae) found in shrub or tree in the sunflower family Haena, the south-central area at Olokele Acacia koa (koa)–Metrosideros (Asteraceae), is found in the montane and Hanapepe, and from the south at polymorpha lowland mesic forest in the wet ecosystem in Metrosideros Haupu (NTBG Provenance Report 1993; lowland mesic ecosystem at elevations polymorpha wet forest at elevations HBMP 2007). Currently, populations of between roughly 1,900 and 3,000 ft (579 between 4,000 and 4,050 ft (1,205 and C. oenobarba in the Halelea Forest and 914 m) (HBMP 2007; TNCH 2007). 1,235 m) (Baldwin and Carr 2005, p. Reserve include east Mamalahoa (10 Three populations of fewer than 20 261; TNCH 2007). Historically, this individuals), north Namolokama (15 to individuals were discovered in 1994, species, as a part of the species 200 individuals), and Hanalei Valley and currently the species is known from Dubautia laxa, was known from several (scattered) on State land, and upper approximately 29 to 54 individuals in 5 locations below the rim of Kalalau Lumahai Valley (50 individuals) and populations at Awaawapuhi (2 to 3 Valley in Kokee State Park in the Wainiha (100 individuals) on private individuals), Mahanaloa (3 to 6 northwestern region of Kauai. Currently, land (HBMP 2007). Populations of C. individuals), Makaha (10 to 20 D. kalalauensis is found in only one oenobarba in the Lihue-Koloa Forest individuals), Kuia (10 to 20 location along the rim of Kalalau Valley Reserve include Wailua River (40 to 50 individuals), and Paaiki (4 to 5 near Puu o Kila Lookout and totals 26 individuals) on State land, and Iliiliula individuals) (NTBG 1998; Wagner individuals (Baldwin and Carr 2005, p. drainage (occasional) and Wahiawa [W.H.] et al. 1999b, p. 147; Wood 1999, 261). drainage (50 individuals) on private 2000, 2007a; Perlman, in litt. 2006; Dubautia kenwoodii (naenae), a shrub land (HBMP 2007). The 8 populations HBMP 2007). in the sunflower family (Asteraceae), is total 270 to as many as 450 individuals Dryopteris crinalis var. podosorus, a found in diverse lowland mesic forest in (NTBG Provenance Report 1993; HBMP fern in the dryopteris family the lowland mesic ecosystem at an 2007; Wood 1998, p. 3). (Dryopteridaceae), is known from steep elevation of 2,625 ft (800 m) (HBMP Cyrtandra paliku (haiwale) is a to vertical riparian basalt walls within 2007; TNCH 2007; Wood 2007b). First subshrub in the African violet family dark seeping drainages in Metrosideros described in 1998 as a new species, D. (Gesneriaceae) that occurs on seeping polymorpha montane wet forest within kenwoodii is known from one basalt rock faces of north-facing cliffs the montane wet ecosystem, from 4,000 individual found below the western rim dominated by Metrosideros polymorpha to 5,100 ft (1,200 to 1,550 m) in of Kalalau Valley, in the northwestern and Dicranopteris linearis in the wet elevation (TNCH 2007; Wood 2007c). region of Kauai (Carr 1998). cliff ecosystem, at elevations between Historically, this variety was known Dubautia plantaginea ssp. magnifolia 2,200 and 2,800 ft (670 to 850 m). C. from the Kokee area, Kawaikoi, and (naenae) is a shrub or small tree in the paliku was first discovered in 1993 on Waialeale (Palmer 2003, p. 139). sunflower family (Asteraceae) found in the cliffs below Kekoiki, in the Currently, 3 populations totaling 32 to the wet cliff ecosystem (Carr 1999, p. Makaleha Mountains of Kauai, where 47 individuals are known. The Mohihi 304; HBMP 2007; TNCH 2007). Typical approximately 70 individuals were population is made up of 10 to 20 habitat for this species includes wet cliff found (Wagner et al. 2001, pp. 150-151; individuals, from 15 to 20 individuals and wet forest and shrubland at HBMP 2007; TNCH 2007). The species comprise the south Kilohana elevations between 1,542 and 2,395 ft maintained a population of population, and the Waialeale (470 and 730 m) (HBMP 2007). approximately 70 individuals from 1993 population is known from 7 individuals Historically, D. plantaginea ssp. through 1999; however, there are (Wood 2007c). magnifolia was known from two currently only 10 known individuals Dubautia imbricata ssp. imbricata populations less than 2 mi (3.2 km) (Perlman, in litt. 2006). (naenae), a shrub in the sunflower apart in bog habitat in the Alakai Diellia mannii is a fern in the family (Asteraceae), currently occurs in Wilderness Preserve and the Na Pali- asplenium family (Aspleniaceae). It is the lowland wet ecosystem, although Kona Forest Reserve on Kauai (HBMP found on a northwest-facing slope just there are historical records from the 2007). In 1992, the year that Hurricane above a gulch bottom in what was likely montane wet ecosystem as well (Carr Iniki struck Kauai, the only known Acacia koa (koa)–Metrosideros 1999, p. 298; TNCH 2007). Occurrence population at ‘‘Blue Hole’’ at the polymorpha dominated montane mesic records show that D. imbricata ssp. headwaters of the Wailua River of ‘‘a forest in the past, but which is now a imbricata has typically been found in couple hundred’’ individuals was forest dominated by the nonnative wet Metrosideros polymorpha forest and greatly reduced. Currently, there are

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00007 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 62598 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

approximately 100 individuals in the ridge, In-between Bog, and at the 500 individuals (HBMP 2007). There are only known population (Blue Hole) (S. Kilohana bogs (including Rain Gauge also about 300 to 400 individuals at the Perlman, pers. comm. 2003b). Bog, T Bog, and Platanthera Bog) (HBMP summit of Waialeale, and occasional Dubautia waialealae (naenae) is a 2007). individuals at Namolakama (Wood dome or tussock-shaped shrub in the Keysseria helenae is an herb in the 2006, p. 10). The total number of known sunflower family (Asteraceae) that sunflower family (Asteraceae) and is individuals from all 3 populations is occurs in bogs in the montane wet found in Metrosideros polymorpha or 800 to 900; however, one estimate ecosystem at elevations between 3,980 mixed sedge and grass bogs at elevations suggests that the overall population in and 5,249 ft (1,213 and 1,600 m) (Carr between 3,900 and 5,120 ft (1,189 and the summit areas may be as high as 1999, p. 308; HBMP 2007; TNCH 2007). 1,561 m) in the montane wet ecosystem 5,000 to 6,000 individuals (Wood 2006, The type collection was made on the (Mill 1999, p. 330; HBMP 2007; TNCH p. 10). summit of Waialeale in 1909 (Rock 2007). Little is known of the historical Lysimachia daphnoides (lehua 1910, p. 304), but little is known of occurrences of K. helenae. The type was makanoe), a member of the myrsine other historical locations of D. collected from the ‘‘swamp near family (Myrsinaceae), is found in waialealae on Kauai. Currently, there is Kaholuamano’’ by Forbes (1918, p. 306). Metrosideros polymorpha mixed bogs at one large population centered on the Currently, this species is found at elevations between 3,960 and 4,440 ft rain-gauge summit of Waialeale, with Kauluwehi Bog in the Alakai (1,207 and 1,353 m) in the montane wet many subpopulations radiating about Wilderness Preserve, at Waialeale, and ecosystem (Marr and Bohm 1997, p. 0.6 mi (1 km) to the north and south. on Kahili-Kawaikini Ridge, totaling 265; Wagner et al. 1999, p. 1,080; HBMP These subpopulations were observed in approximately 300 individuals (K. 2007; TNCH 2007). Historically, L. groups of 7 to 400 individuals (Wood Wood, pers. comm. 2003b; HBMP 2007). daphnoides was known from the more 2006, pp. 25-29), with a total population Labordia helleri (kamakahala) is a southerly mountains of Kauai, including of 3,000 individuals (Wood 2006, p. 9). shrub, sometimes climbing, in the the Wahiawa drainage and ridges, in In 1994, a single individual of D. logania family (Loganiaceae) (Wagner et what is now the Lihue-Koloa Forest waialealae was reported at North Bog, al. 1999, pp. 856-857). It occurs in Reserve (HBMP 2007). Currently, this 8.5 mi (14 km) away from the Metrosideros-Acacia-Dicranopteris species is found in the Alakai population at Waialeale; however, in mesic to wet forest, at elevations Wilderness Preserve and the Na Pali 2006, it was reported that this between 1,200 and 3,900 ft (366 and Kona Forest Reserve, in 3 populations individual had died (K. Wood, in litt. 1,189 m), in the lowland mesic, lowland totaling 200 to 300 individuals (HBMP 1994a; M. Bruegmann, pers. comm. wet, montane mesic, and montane wet 2007; Service 2005a). The population 2006b; HBMP 2007). ecosystems (HBMP 2007; TNCH 2007). along the Alakai swamp trail (including Geranium kauaiense (nohoanu) is a Historically, L. helleri was wide-ranging Charlie’s Bog, Kilohana, south Kilohana, decumbent (reclining) subshrub in the on Kauai. Collections were made as far and northwest Kilohana) totals 190 to geranium family (Geraniaceae) (Wagner south as the Haupu Mountains, through 280 individuals; the second population et al. 1999, p. 733). It occurs in the central Kauai to the northwestern coast includes Sincock Bog 1 and Kauluwehi montane wet ecosystem in (HBMP 2007). Currently, there are 10 (21 individuals); and the third Metrosideros-Rhynchospora bogs and populations totaling 350 to 550 population occurs at Waiakoali-Mohihi bog margins at elevations between 4,000 individuals. The largest population and Mohihi drainage (7 individuals) and 4,080 ft (1,219 and 1,463 m) extends from the Na Pali Kona Forest (HBMP 2007). (Wagner et al. 1999, p. 733; HBMP 2007; Reserve into Kuia Natural Area Reserve Lysimachia iniki is a woody shrub in TNCH 2007). (NAR), and contains 300 to 500 the myrsine family (Myrsinaceae) that Historically, G. kauaiense was known individuals at Honopu, Awaawapuhi, occurs on wet, mossy, or rocky cliffs in from montane bogs on the island of Kuia drainage, and Kalalau-Milolii the wet cliff ecosystem at 2,400 ft (720 Kauai, ranging from North Bog to as far ridge. Other much smaller populations m) (Marr and Bohm 1997, pp. 270-271; south as the summit of Waialeale occur at upper Mahanaloa (10 TNCH 2007). This species was first (HBMP 2007). Currently, there are three individuals), Limahuli (recorded as described in 1997 from material subpopulations within a very small ‘‘occasional’’ in HBMP database), Waioli collected in the ‘‘Blue Hole’’ at the range (within 0.5 mi, 0.8 km) in the (1 individual), Kaunuohua ridge (1 headwaters of the Wailua River on Halehaha Bogs of the Alakai Wilderness individual), Kohua ridge (1 individual), Kauai. At the time it was discovered it Preserve totaling approximately 140 Koaie stream (10 individuals), Kawaiiki was known from 26 individuals, but individuals (K. Wood, in litt. 1994b; S. (3 individuals), southeast Puu Kolo currently at least 40 individuals are Perlman, pers. comm. 1999b; Wood (recorded as ‘‘localized’’ in HBMP known (Marr and Bohm 1997, pp. 270- 2006, p. 10; HBMP 2007). database), and Puu Kolo-Kahuamoa (1 271; S. Perlman, in litt. 2006, 2007). Keysseria erici is a herb in the individual) (HBMP 2007). Lysimachia pendens is a many- sunflower family (Asteraceae) that Labordia pumila (kamakahala), a branched shrub in the myrsine family occurs in Metrosideros mixed bogs in shrub in the logania family (Myrsinaceae) and is reported from wet, the montane wet ecosystem, at (Loganiaceae), occurs in the montane mossy, or rocky cliffs in the wet cliff elevations between 4,000 and 5,120 ft wet ecosystem at elevations between ecosystem at 2,400 ft (720 m) (Marr and (1,219 and 1,561 m) (Mill 1999, pp. 329- 3,478 and 5,100 ft (1,060 to 1,555 m) in Bohm 1997, p. 275; TNCH 2007). This 330; HBMP 2007; TNCH 2007). Little is Metrosideros polymorpha mixed sedge species was discovered in the ‘‘Blue known of the historical occurrences of and grass bogs (Wagner et al. 1999, p. Hole’’ area of Kauai in 1987 from several K. erici. The type was collected by 860; HBMP 2007; TNCH 2007). Little is small populations totaling Forbes (1918, p. 306) from the ‘‘Alakai known of the historical locations of L. approximately 100 individuals (Marr swamp, Waimea drainage basin’’ on pumila on Kauai. The type specimen and Bohm 1997, p. 275; Division of Kauai. Currently, this species is found was collected by Wawra (1869, 1870) at Forestry and Wildlife 2005 in three to four populations totaling the summit of Waialeale. Currently, L. [Comprehensive Conservation Wildlife several thousand individuals (HBMP pumila is found in three populations on Strategy]). Many plants were destroyed 2007). The populations occur at the Alakai plateau. The largest by two major landslides that apparently Namolokama, Hanakapiai-Wainiha population along the Wainiha rim totals occurred between 1997 and 2003, based

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00008 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62599

on information taken from field survey N. Tangalin, in litt. 2007a). In addition, Metrosideros polymorpha-Dicranopteris reports. Currently, the species is known 1 small mature tree of M. degeneri was linearis mesic forest at elevations from only eight individuals (S. Perlman, found growing in Koaie Canyon’s upper between 3,200 and 3,900 ft (975 and in litt. 2003, 2006, 2007). drainage in 1999, and was last observed 1,200 m) in the montane mesic Lysimachia scopulensis, a shrub in there in September of 2006 (K. Wood, ecosystem (Wagner et al. 1999, p. 941; the myrsine family (Myrsinaceae), is pers. comm. 2007b), bringing the total Wood et al. 2002, p. 15; HBMP 2007; found on cliffs in lowland diverse mesic known number of M. degeneri to 12, and TNCH 2007). Historically, M. knudsenii forest pockets at elevations between possibly 13, known individuals was found in Hanapepe Valley in south- 2,950 and 3,200 ft (900 and 975 m) (including the Pohakuao occurrence). central Kauai; Kawaiula Trail in western within the dry cliff ecosystem (Wood Melicope paniculata (alani) is a tree in Kauai; and Awaawapuhi, Kumuwela, 2007d; TNCH 2007). First discovered in the rue family (Rutaceae) (Stone et al. Honopu, and Nualolo in the Kokee 1991 in Kalalau Valley, this species is 1999, p. 1,199). It occurs in the lowland region of the island of Kauai (Wagner et currently known from two populations. wet ecosystem in forests dominated by al. 1999, p. 941). Currently, the species The Kalalau population is comprised of Metrosideros polymorpha, at elevations is known from 3 populations totaling approximately 15 individuals and the between 1,200 and 2,680 ft (365 and 815 approximately 30 individuals at Puu Kii population is comprised of 10 m) (Stone et al. 1999, p. 1,199; HBMP Honopu, Awaawapuhi, and Nualolo (S. to 15 individuals, for a total of 25 to 30 2007; TNCH 2007). This species was Perlman, in litt. 2007; Wood et al. 2001, individuals (Marr and Bohm 1997, pp. historically reported from central Kauai p. 10; Wood et al. 2002, p. 15; HBMP 283-284; Wood 2007d). (HBMP 2007; Stone et al. 1999, p. 2007; Wood 4907 (BISH)). Lysimachia venosa, a shrub in the 1,199). Currently, M. paniculata is Myrsine mezii (kolea), a small tree in myrsine family (Myrsinaceae), occurs in known from six sites, with five the myrsine family (Myrsinaceae), is Metrosideros polymorpha dominated individuals in upper Limahuli Valley, found in Acacia-Metrosideros forest in wet forest areas in the wet cliff three individuals along the north fork of the montane mesic and montane wet ecosystem, at elevations between 3,000 the Wailua River, five individuals along ecosystems at elevations between 3,380 and 5,700 ft (915 and 1,740 m) (Marr Koaie Stream, and three individuals on and 3,480 ft (1,030 and 1,060 m) and Bohm 1997, p. 284; Wood 2006, p. the ridge between Hulua and Kapalaoa. (Wagner et al. 1999, p. 943; HBMP 2007; 11; TNCH 2007). L. venosa was known The population in Lumahai Valley is NTBG Accession Data 9888, 2002; historically from two collections in the estimated to be approximately 100 to TNCH 2007). M. mezii is known from early 1900s from the Waialeale summit 200 individuals; however Bender (2006, only two locations totaling five region of Kauai (Marr and Bohm 1997, p. 7) estimated that there may be a total individuals, in the Koaie Canyon area of p. 284; Wagner et al. 1999, p. 1,085; of 500 individuals (Wood 1998, p. 4; western Kauai (N. Tangalin, in litt. HBMP 2007). In 1991, a broken branch Stone et al. 1999, p. 1,199; Wagner and 2007b). Four trees comprise one of this species was collected from the Herbst 2003, p. 45; HBMP 2007). population at Nawaimaka, and the headwaters of the Wailua River that had Melicope puberula (alani) is a shrub second known occurrence at Kawaiiki is fallen from the cliffs above, possibly or small tree in the rue family composed of a single tree in poor from the summit area of Waialeale (Rutaceae) that occurs in the lowland condition (N. Tangalin, in litt. 2007b). (Wood 2006, p. 11; Marr and Bohm wet and montane wet ecosystems in wet The population size has not changed in 1997, p. 284). While no plants were forest and bogs at elevations ranging the last 10 years, and historical found during surveys of the summit area between 2,080 and 4,100 ft (634 and locations and numbers are unknown. in 2006, there is still additional habitat 1,250 m) (Stone et al. 1999, p. 1,202; Phyllostegia renovans, a subshrub in to be surveyed, and species experts HBMP 2007; TNCH 2007). Historically, the mint family (Lamiaceae), occurs at believe L. venosa still exists (S. Perlman, M. puberula was known from the Alakai elevations from 2,700 to 3,700 ft (225 to in litt. 2007; Wood 2006, p. 11). Swamp on the island of Kauai (St. John 1,125 m) in Metrosideros polymorpha Melicope degeneri (alani) is a small 1944b, p. 266). Currently, this species is wet forest in the lowland wet and shrub or tree in the rue family known from the south rim of Kalalau montane wet ecosystems (HBMP 2007; (Rutaceae) that occurs in the montane east to the Alakai-Kilohana plateau area, TNCH 2007). First discovered in 1989 in wet ecosystem in Metrosideros- and north into Hono o Na Pali NAR the headwaters of the Wainiha River, Cheirodendron-Dicranopteris wet forest (HBMP 2007). The Hawaii Biodiversity this species is currently known from 4 between the elevations of 3,000 and and Mapping Program delineated these populations: approximately 30 3,800 ft (914 and 1,158 m) (Stone et al. three areas as one population (named surviving individuals reintroduced into 1999, p. 1,186; HBMP 2007; TNCH the Kalalau-Wainiha population) Limahuli Valley after the last wild 2007). M. degeneri was thought to be (HBMP 2007). In 1993, a single individual from that area died, 5 extinct until it was rediscovered in individual was observed near Hinalele individuals at Wainiha, 10 individuals Pohakuao, just beyond the northwest Falls in the southern portion of the at Kalalau Valley, and 1 individual in corner of the Hono o Na Pali NAR, in Wainiha Mountain Range (HBMP 2007). Lumahai Valley (K. Wood, in litt. 1994, 1993 (Wood 2000, p. 6), and The largest population occurs in the p.4; Wagner 1999, p. 275; HBMP 2007). subsequently observed in upper Alakai-Kilohana Plateau area with Pittosporum napaliense (hoawa) is a Hanakoa in 1995 and along Koaie approximately 600 individuals. About small tree in the pittosporum family Stream in 1999 (NTBG Accession Data 100 individuals are found within the (Pittosporaceae) typically found in 1999). The Pohakuao individual has not Kalalau area, and approximately 200 Pandanus and lowland mesic forest in been relocated since its discovery individuals occur within the Hono o Na the lowland mesic ecosystem, at (Wood 2000, p. 5). Ten trees were Pali NAR, for a total of approximately elevations between 400 and 2,100 ft originally documented during the 900 individuals (HBMP 2007). (122 and 640 m) (Wagner et al. 1999, pp. discovery of the Hanakoa population in Myrsine knudsenii (kolea) is a small 1,045-1,047; HBMP 2007; TNCH 2007). 1995 (Wood 2000, p. 4; Wood 2007 pp. tree in the myrsine family Historically, P. napaliense was known 4-6). Since 1995, 2 of the trees have died (Myrsinaceae). Historically, the species from northwestern Kauai (Wagner et al. and 3 additional individuals were may have been found in lowland mesic 1999, p. 1,047; HBMP 2007). Currently, located, for a current total of 11 and wet ecosystems, but currently it is this species is known from 3 individuals (S. Perlman, in litt. 2007c; only known from Acacia koa- populations; 2 of these are located

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00009 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 62600 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

within the Hono o Na Pali NAR in northwestern area of Kauai (Fosberg approximately 100 to 200 individuals Waiahuakua (50 individuals) and 1964, p. 258). Currently, 10 small (HBMP 2007). Hoolulu valleys (100 individuals), with populations of Psychotria grandiflora Tetraplasandra bisattenuata (ohe ohe) the third population (10 to 50 are found only within Kokee State Park, is a tree in the ginseng family individuals) located in upper Kalalau and are estimated to total between 16 (Araliaceae), which occurs in lowland Valley in the Na Pali Coast State Park and 30 individuals (Arnold 2007, pp. 1- mesic to wet forest and shrubland in the (HBMP 2007). 3; HBMP 2007; S. Perlman, in litt. lowland mesic and lowland wet Platydesma rostrata (pilo kea lau lii) 2007d; N. Tangalin, in litt. 2007c). ecosystems at elevations between 1,800 is a shrub in the rue family (Rutaceae). Psychotria hobdyi (kopiko) is a tree in and 2,000 ft (550 and 610 m) (TNCH It occurs in the lowland mesic, lowland the coffee family (Rubiaceae) that occurs 2007; Wood 2007f, pp. 1-5). This species wet, wet cliff, montane mesic, and in lowland Acacia koa-Metrosideros is known only from the Haupu and montane wet ecosystems, in forest polymorpha mesic forest in the lowland Kahili regions of Kauai. Currently, 35 dominated by Acacia koa and mesic ecosystem at elevations between individuals are found at Mt. Haupu and Metrosideros polymorpha, at elevations 1,700 and 2,700 ft (520 and 825 m) 2 individuals are at Mt. Kahili (Wood between 2,500 and 4,000 ft (760 and (Wagner et al. 1999, pp. 1,166-1,168; 2007f, p. 1). 1,220 m) (Stone et al. 1999, p. 1,210; HBMP 2007; TNCH 2007). The first Tetraplasandra flynnii (ohe ohe) is a HBMP 2007; TNCH 2007). P. rostrata collection of P. hobdyi was made in tree in the ginseng family (Araliaceae) was historically known from Makaha Mahanaloa Valley on Kauai in 1970 (St. found in Metrosideros polymorpha and Milolii ridge in the Na Pali Kona John 1975, p. 59). Currently, this species (ohia) montane mesic to wet forest in Forest Reserve, and Kaunuohua ridge is known from 10 populations totaling the montane mesic and montane wet and Nualolo trail in Kokee State Park, approximately 120 individuals in the ecosystems, at elevations between 3,850 on the island of Kauai (HBMP 2007). following locations: 1 population of 2 and 4,000 ft (1,175 and 1,225 m) (Lowry Currently, this species is found in the individuals in Kawaiula Valley; 1 and Wood 2000, p. 42; HBMP 2007; Na Pali Kona Forest Reserve on the population of approximately 5 TNCH 2007). Three individuals of T. flynii were first discovered in 1988, and Awaawapuhi and Honopu trails; in individuals at the junction of currently it is only known from those Halelea Forest Reserve at Lumahai; in Mahanaloa Valley and Kuia Valley; 3 three individuals (Lowry and Wood Hono o Na Pali NAR at Pihea; in Kunia populations totaling approximately 47 2000, pp. 40 and 43; HBMP 2007). NAR on the Nualolo Trail; in Mahanaloa individuals in Mahanaloa Valley; 2 and Kuia valleys; and in the Lihue- populations of 17 to 22 individuals in A. Animals Koloa Forest Reserve at Pohakupele, Paaiki Valley; 2 populations of Hulua, Kapalaoa, and Iliiliula Valley The Kauai creeper (Oreomystis approximately 39 individuals in bairdi), or akikiki, is a small Hawaiian (HBMP 2007). These small populations Poopooiki Valley; and 1 population in total approximately 100 individuals honeycreeper found only on the island upper Kalalau Valley of approximately (HBMP 2007). of Kauai, currently in the montane wet 10 individuals (HBMP 2007). Pritchardia hardyi (loulu) is a tree in ecosystem (TNCH 2007). The Hawaiian the palm family (Arecaceae) that occurs Schiedea attenuata, a shrub in the honeycreepers are in the subfamily in the lowland wet and wet cliff pink family (Caryophyllaceae), occurs Drepanidinae of the finch family, ecosystems (Read and Hodel 1999, p. on cliffs at elevations between 2,297 and Fringillidae (AOU 1998, p. 676). The 1,370; TNCH 2007). It is found in 2,625 ft (700 and 900 m) in the dry cliff akikiki is most common in forests Metrosideros-Dicranopteris wet forest ecosystem (Wagner et al. 1994, pp. 187- dominated by Metrosideros polymorpha and shrubland and on windswept 190; TNCH 2007). Schiedea attenuata with a diverse subcanopy (Scott et al. windward ridges and headwater was discovered in 1991 by K. Wood 1986, p. 139). Based on surveys drainages, at elevations between 1,800 during a rappel on the cliffs in an area conducted from 1968 through 1973, its and 3,400 ft (548 and 1,036 m) (Read of precipitous slopes above the Kalalau distribution was thought to encompass and Hodel 1999, p. 1,370; HBMP 2007). Valley on Kauai. Approximately 20 21,750 ac (88 sq km) at elevations Historically, P. hardyi was known from individuals were last observed there in between 1,968 and 5,248 ft (600 and a single population totaling about 200 1994 (M. Bruegmann, in litt. 1994b, 1,600 m), but a survey in 2000 indicated individuals in an area on the southeast Wagner et al. 1994, p. 187). its distribution had decreased to 8,896 (windward) side of Kauai (HBMP 2007). Stenogyne kealiae is a trailing or ac (36 sq km) (Scott et al. 1986, p. 141; An additional population totaling about scandent vine in the mint family Tweed et al. 2005, pp. 3-4). The akikiki 100 individuals was found north of that (Lamiaceae) (Wagner and Weller 1991, generally forages on trunks, branches, area (NTBG Provenance Report 040094), p.51). It occurs in the dry cliff, lowland and twigs of live and dead trees, and bringing the total number of known wet, and montane mesic ecosystems, in occasionally forages in subcanopy individuals of P. hardyi to Metrosideros polymorpha forest, M. shrubs. It feeds primarily on insects, approximately 300. Both populations polymorpha-Acacia koa forest, and M. insect larvae, and spiders gleaned and occur almost entirely within the Lihue- polymorpha-Dicranopteris linearis extracted from bark, lichens, and moss Koloa and Halelea Forest Reserves shrubland, at elevations between 3,550 (Foster et al. 2000, p. 4). Nests are made (HBMP 2007). and 4,100 ft (1,082 and 1,250 m) of moss, small pieces of bark, bits of Psychotria grandiflora (kopiko) is a (Wagner and Weller 1991, p. 51; TNCH lichen, and fine plant fibers (Eddinger small tree or shrub in the coffee family 2007). One population (Wainiha), 1972, p. 673; Foster et al. 2000, p. 7; (Rubiaceae) that occurs in the montane however, is reported between 2,231 and VanderWerf and Roberts, in press). The mesic and montane wet ecosystems (K. 2,707 ft (680 and 825 m) elevation akikiki was considered common from Wood, in litt. 2007c; TNCH 2007). It is (HBMP 2007). Historically, this species high to low elevation in native forests in found in Acacia-Metrosideros mesic to occurred at Pohakupili near Kealia in the late 1800s (Perkins 1903, p. 54), and wet forest between the elevations of the Kealia Forest Reserve on the island was described as locally abundant on 3,400 and 4,100 ft (1,128 and 1,250 m) of Kauai. Currently, this species occurs and near the Alakai Plateau in the early (HBMP 2007). Historically, this species at Honopu, Kalalau, Malamalamaiki, 1960s (Richardson and Bowles 1964, p. was known from collections at Waimea, Pohakupili, and Wainiha. The 5 29). From 1968 to 1973, the species was Kokee, and Kalalau, all from the populations of S. kealiae total estimated to number 6,832 ± 966 birds

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00010 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62601

(Sincock et al. 1983, p. 53). In 1981, data 53). This was followed by popula!tion Previous Federal Action ± from the Hawaii Forest Bird Survey estimates of 7,839 704 birds in 2000, Thirty-one of the species proposed indicated there were approximately and 5,669 ± 1,003 birds in 2005 (Hawaii ± here for listing are currently candidate 1,650 450 akikiki in a 9.7 sq mi (25 Division of Forest and Wildlife and species (72 FR 69033, December 6, sq km) area of the southeastern Alakai, USGS, unpubl. data 2007). The most 2007); candidate species are those taxa in the vicinity of Sincock’s Bog (Scott et recent surveys, conducted in April and for which the Service has sufficient al. 1986, p. 141). The current population May 2007, show the current population ± information on their biological status of the akikiki is estimated to be 1,312 of akekee to be 3,536 ± 1,030 birds and threats to propose them for listing 530 birds, based on surveys conducted (Hawaii Division of Forest and Wildlife under the Act, but for which the in April and May 2007 (Hawaii and USGS, unpubl. data 2007), development of a listing regulation has Divis!ion of Forestry and Wildlife and indicating that the population has been precluded to date by other higher USGS, unpubl. data 2007). The dropped to less than half its former size priority listing activities. The current abundance of the akikiki has thus within the last 7 years. The geographic candidates addressed in this proposed declined by approximately 80 percent in range occupied by the akekee was listing rule include the plants Astelia the last 40 years, and its distribution has approximately 34 sq mi (88 sq km) in waialealae, Canavalia napaliensis, been reduced to less than half of its 1970 (Scott et al. 1986, p. 155), which Chamaesyce eleanoriae, Chamaesyce former extent. was reported not to have changed in remyi var. kauaiensis, Chamaesyce The Kauai akepa (Loxops 2000 (Foster et al. 2004, p. 721). remyi var. remyi, Charpentiera caeruleirostris), or akekee, is a small However the 2007 surveys failed to find densiflora, Cyanea eleeleensis, Cyanea forest bird found only on the island of the species in many areas where it had kuhihewa, Cyrtandra oenobarba, Kauai. Like the akikiki, the akekee is previously been observed, indicating Dubautia imbricata ssp. imbricata, also a Hawaiian honeycreeper in the that there has likely been a range Dubautia plantaginea ssp. magnifolia, subfamily Drepanidinae of the contraction, although the extent of that Dubautia waialealae, Geranium Fringillidae family (AOU 1998, p. 677). contraction is not yet known. kauaiense, Keysseria erici, Keysseria The akekee occurs in the montane mesic helenae, Labordia helleri, Labordia and montane wet ecosystems in forests Drosophila attigua, a large species of pumila, Lysimachia daphnoides, dominated by Metrosideros Hawaiian picture-wing fly, occurs in Melicope degeneri, Melicope paniculata, polymorpha, Acacia koa, wet forest in the montane mesic and Melicope puberula, Myrsine mezii, Cheirodendron trigynum, and C. montane wet ecosystems at elevations Pittosporum napaliense, Platydesma platyphyllum (Lepson and Pratt 1997, p. generally between 3,000 and 3,936 ft rostrata, Pritchardia hardyi, Psychotria 4; TNCH 2007). The akekee uses its bill (914 and 1,200 m), although it has been grandiflora, Psychotria hobdyi, to open flower and leaf buds while found as low as 2,460 ft (750 m). The Schiedea attenuata, Stenogyne kealiae; foraging for arthropod prey (insects, adult flies are generalist microbivores the bird, akikiki; and the picture-wing insect larvae, spiders), and is a (microbe eaters) and feed upon a variety fly, Drosophila attigua. The candidate specialist on the ohia tree (M. of decomposing plant material. The eggs status of all of these species was most polymorpha) (Lepson and Pratt 1997, p. are laid within the decomposing bark of recently assessed and reaffirmed in the 4). Nests are made of moss and lichen, native Cheirodendron sp. (olapa) trees December 6, 2007, Notice of Review of with the nest lining made of fine grasses (family Araliaceae), where the hatching Native Species that are Candidates or and soft bark strips (Eddinger 1972, p. larvae complete development before Proposed for Listing as Threatened or 97; Berger 1981, p. 140; Lepson and dropping to the soil to pupate (Speith Endangered (CNOR) (72 FR 69033). Freed 1997, pp. 11-12). Until recently, 1980, p. 278; Kaneshiro and Kaneshiro On May 4, 2004, the Center for the population of akekee appeared to be 1995, p. 13-14; TNCH 2007). D. attigua Biological Diversity petitioned the relatively stable, even while other was historically known from 2 Secretary of the Interior to list 225 endemic Kauai birds demonstrated populations on the island of Kauai: one species of plants and animals, including sharp declines (Lepson and Pratt 1997, population east of the Alakai massif at the 31 candidate species listed above, as p. 14). The akekee was described as Mt. Kahili where 19 males and 13 endangered or threatened under the ‘‘quite plentiful’’ (Bryan and Seale 1901, females were observed (Hardy and provisions of the Act. Since then, we p. 136) and common ‘‘over a large part Kaneshiro 1969, p. 41; Kaneshiro and have published our annual findings on of the high plateau’’ in the late 1800s Kaneshiro 1995, p. 13; HBMP 2007), and the May 4, 2004, petition (including our (Perkins 1903, p. 417), and probably findings on the 31 candidate species a second population on the western end occurred throughout upper elevation listed above) in the CNOR dated May of the Alakai Swamp in the Na Pali forested regions of the island (Perkins 11, 2005 (70 FR 24870), September 12, Kona Forest Reserve at Pihea (K. 1903, p. 417). Richardson and Bowles 2006 (71 FR 53756), and December 6, (1964, p. 30) reported that it was fairly Kaneshiro, pers. comm. 2007). The 2007 (72 FR 69033). This proposal common in higher elevation forests. species was also collected at Mohihi constitutes a further response to the Conant et al. (1998, p. 16) reported that Stream located within the Alakai 2004 petition. the akekee was common in the area Wilderness Preserve in 1963, and at the On October 11, 2007, we received a around Sincock’s Bog in 1975 and Kokee Stream within Kokee State Park petition from Dr. Eric VanderWerf and observed it daily. The first quantitative in 1991 (Kaneshiro and Kaneshiro 1995, the American Bird Conservancy to list information on population size and p. 14). Observations of D. attigua at the the akikiki and the akekee as distribution was based on extensive Pihea site have been somewhat endangered or threatened species. surveys conducted from 1968 to 1973, sporadic, as the species has been According to the petitioners, the akikiki which yielded an island-wide observed there only three times, once and akekee warrant listing under the population estimate of 5,066 ± 840 each in 1986, 1987, and most recently Act because they have small birds, with most individuals found in in 1991, despite numerous surveys populations, occur in small geographic the Alakai Plateau area, west to Kokee, (HBMP 2007; K. Kaneshiro, pers. comm. ranges, and are undergoing rapid and on Makaleha Mountain and in 2007; K. Magnacca, Wesley College, population and range declines; the two Wainiha Valley (Sincock et al. 1983, p. pers. comm. 2007). species also face numerous imminent

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00011 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 62602 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

and significant threats including, but immediate conservation, by the CFR part 424) set forth the procedures not limited to, habitat loss and members of the multiagency (Federal, for adding species to the Federal Lists degradation by alien plants and State, and private) Plant Extinction of Endangered and Threatened Wildlife nonnative ungulates, diseases spread by Prevention (PEP) program. The goal of and Plants. A species may be alien mosquitoes, predation by alien this program is to prevent the extinction determined to be an endangered or mammals, and catastrophic events such of plant species with fewer than 50 threatened species due to one or more as hurricanes (VanderWerf and individuals remaining in the wild on of the five factors described in section American Bird Conservancy, in litt. the islands of Kauai, Oahu, Maui, 4(a)(1) of the Act: (A) The present or 2007). The petitioners also cite the Molokai, Lanai, and Hawaii. The goal of threatened destruction, modification, or inadequacy of regulatory mechanisms as the PEP program is to prevent extinction curtailment of its habitat or range; (B) a threat, noting that as members of the by establishing a network of multi- overutilization for commercial, subfamily Drepanidinae (Hawaiian island plant propagation sites and honeycreepers), the akikiki and akekee storage facilities, and conducting recreational, scientific, or educational are not protected under the Migratory emergency monitoring and genetic purposes; (C) disease or predation; (D) Bird Treaty Act (16 U.S.C. 703-712; see sampling of all PEP species (Hawaii the inadequacy of existing regulatory 71 FR 50205, August 24, 2006). The Division of Forestry and Wildlife mechanisms; and (E) other natural or akikiki was already a candidate species. (DOFAW) 2007; Service 2007). The manmade factors affecting its continued This proposal constitutes our response Service has provided significant funding existence. If we determine that the level to the October 11, 2007, petition. to this program since 2002, through of threat posed to a species by one or In addition to the 31 candidate section 6 (Cooperation with the States) more of the five listing factors is such species and the akekee, we are of the Act. We believe these 16 plant that the species meets the definition of proposing to list, with critical habitat, species warrant listing under the Act for either endangered or threatened under the following 16 species of plants the reasons discussed above section 3 of the Act, that species may endemic to Kauai: Cyanea (‘‘Description of the 48 Species’’) and in then be proposed for listing. The Act kolekoleensis, Cyanea dolichopoda, the ‘‘Summary of Factors Affecting the defines an endangered species as ‘‘in Cyrtandra paliku, Diellia mannii, Species’’ (below), and since these danger of extinction throughout all or a Doryopteris angelica, Dryopteris crinalis species occur within the same six significant portion of its range,’’ and a var. podosorus, Dubautia kalalauensis, ecosystems and share common threats threatened species as ‘‘likely to become Dubautia kenwoodii, Lysimachia iniki, with the other 32 species we are an endangered species within the Lysimachia pendens, Lysimachia addressing in this proposed rule, we foreseeable future throughout all or a scopulensis, Lysimachia venosa, have included them here in an effort to significant portion of its range.’’ The Myrsine knudsenii, Phyllostegia provide them with Federal protection in threats to each of the individual 48 renovans, Tetraplasandra bisattenuata, an expeditious manne!r. and Tetraplasandra flynnii. These 16 species are summarized in Table 2, and Kauai plant species, as well as 170 Summary of Factors Affecting the discussed in detail below. Factor D is others on the Hawaiian Islands, have Species not included in the table as no primary been identified as the ‘‘rarest of the Section 4 of the Act (16 U.S.C. 1533) threats to the species fell under this rare’’ Hawaiian plant species, in need of and our implementing regulations (50 category.

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00012 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62603 threats specific Other species- non- native brates tion by Preda- inverte- rats tion by Preda- by Predation ungulates lection Illegal col- Climate Change EACH OF THE 48 KAUAI SPECIES or ing slides Land- Flood- Hurri- canes HREATS IDENTIFIED FOR T Factor A Factor B Factor C Factor E OF PRIMARY Pigs Goats Deer Pigs Goats Fire Non- native plants X X X X X X X X X L X X X X NR LN, X X X X X LN TABLE 2.—SUMMARY only) MW, WC only) LM, LW X X X X L, F X X X X X X X F L, X X X MW (bogs X X LM X X WC LM, DC X LW LW, X LM, LW,MM, LM, X X L X WC X LW LW X X X WC LW X X LW, X X F X WC X X MM L X L, L LM X X X X X MW X X X L X X X X X X X F X X L X LW X X X L X X MW X L X LN LM X X X X NW X X WC X X X X X X X X X NW X MW (bogs X X NW X X X X FR X LN X X X LN LN X L X LN LN LN FR, LN Species Ecosystem imbricata magnifolia kauaiensis remyi podosorus eleanoriae var. var. densiflora var. ssp. ssp. Astelia waialealae Canavalia napaliensis Chamaesyce Chamaesyce remyi Chamaesyce remyi Charpentiera Cyanea dolichopoda Cyanea eleeleensis Cyanea kolekoleensis Cyanea kuhihewa Cyrtandra oenobarba Cyrtandra paliku Diellia mannii Doryopteris angelica Dryopteris crinalis Dubautia imbricata Dubautia kalalauensis Dubautia kenwoodii Dubautia plantaginea Dubautia waialealae

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00013 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 62604 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules threats specific Other species- non- native brates tion by Preda- inverte- rats tion by Preda- by Predation ungulates lection Illegal col- Climate Change or ing slides Land- Flood- EACH OF THE 48 KAUAI SPECIES—Continued Hurri- canes Factor A Factor B Factor C Factor E HREATS IDENTIFIED FOR T OF PRIMARY Pigs Goats Deer Pigs Goats Fire Non- native plants X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X NR X X X X NR X L X NR X X X only) only) only) MW only) only) MMMW, WC TABLE 2.—SUMMARY MW (bogs MW (bogs LM, LW,MM, MW (bogs MW (bogs WC X WC X DC X X X WC X X MW X X LW X L X LW, MW X X X X L X MW X X MM X X L X MW X X X X MM, X LW, L X X X L X X LM X X L X NR X X X L X LM, LW, X LN, LW, WC X X X LN X X X X X X LN X X LN NW X X X LN X LN X X X X X X X Species Ecosystem daphnoides scopulensis napaliense Geranium kauaiense Keysseria erici Keysseria helenae MW (bogs Labordia helleri Labordia pumila Lysimachia Lysimachia iniki Lysimachia pendens Lysimachia Lysimachia venosa Melicope degeneri Melicope paniculata Melicope puberula Myrsine knudsenii Myrsine mezii Phyllostegia renovans Pittosporum Platydesma rostrata Pritchardia hardyi

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00014 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62605 DC X X X X L X X L X X MW X X X X L LN X MM, DC X LM X MM, DC X X X X LW, X X LM, LW X MM, MW X X X NR X X X X MW X X LN, X LN MM, X X X X X CTF X X X LN LN bisattenuata LM = Lowland Mesic LW = Lowland Wet MM = Montane Mesic MW = Montane Wet DC = Dry Cliff WC = Wet Cliff L = Landslides F = Flooding LN = Limited numbers/? 50 individuals NR = No reproduction FR = Falling rocks NW = Not extant in wild AD = Avian diseases PCO = Predation by feral cats and owls CTF = Competition with nonnative tipulid flies Factor A - Habitat Modification Factor B - Overutilization Factor C - Disease or Predation Factor E - Other Psychotria grandiflora Psychotria hobdyi Schiedea attenuata Stenogyne kealiae Tetraplasandra Tetraplasandra flynnii Animals Akekee Akikiki picture-wing fly Drosophila attigua MM, MW MM, MW X X X X X X X X X X X X AD, PCO AD, PCO

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00015 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 62606 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

A. The Present or Threatened the adverse impacts on native vegetation vegetation and creating large areas of Destruction, Modification, or have become increasingly apparent disturbed soil, especially on slopes Curtailment of Its Habitat or Range (Mueller-Dombois et al. 1981, p. 310). (Aplet et al. 1991, p. 56; Smith 1985, pp. The Hawaiian Islands are located over Beyond the direct effects of trampling 190, 192, 196, 200, 204, 230-231; Stone 2,000 mi (3,200 km) from the nearest and consuming native plants, feral 1985, pp. 254-255, 262-264; Medeiros et al. 1986, pp. 27-28; Scott et al. 1986, pp. continent. This isolation has allowed ungulates (hoofed mammals) contribute 360-361; Tomich 1986, pp. 120-12!6; the few plants and animals that arrived significantly to increased erosion on the Cuddihy and Stone 1990, pp. 64-65; in the Hawaiian Islands to evolve into islands, and their behavior (i.e., rooting, Loope et al. 1991, pp. 1-21; Wagner et many varied and highly endemic moving across large expanses) facilitates al. 1999, p. 52). The compacted volcanic species (species that occur nowhere else the spread and establishment of soils, wallows, and downed, hollowed- in the world). The only native terrestrial competing, invasive, nonnative plant out tree ferns created by feral pig mammal on the Hawaiian Islands is a species. The presence of introduced activity hold water and create breeding flying mammal, the Hawaiian hoary bat alien mammals is considered one of the sites for mosquitoes, which transmit (Lasirus cinereus semotus). The native primary factors underlying the avian disease (Scott et al. 1986, pp. 365- plants and animals of the Hawaiian alteration and degradation of native vegetation and habitats on the island of 368; Atkinson et al. 1995, p. S68). Islands have therefore evolved in the Mosquito-borne diseases such as absence of any mammalian predators, Kauai. All six ecosystems and the associated native species that occur in malaria pose a significant threat to browsers, or grazers; many of the native native Hawaiian forest birds, including species have lost defenses against these ecosystems are threatened by the destruction or degradation of habitat the akikiki and akekee (see Factor C). threats such as mammalian predation Goats native to the Middle East and and competition with aggressive, weedy due to nonnative ungulates (hoofed mammals), including pigs (Sus scrofa), India were also successfully introduced plant species that are typical of to the Hawaiian Islands in the late mainland environments (Loope 1992, p. goats (Capra hircus), and black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus). 1700s. Feral goats now occupy a wide 11; Wagner et al. 1999, pp. 3-6, 45). For variety of habitats on Kauai, where they Pigs have been described as the most example, Carlquist (in Carlquist and consume native vegetation, trample pervasive and disruptive nonnative Cole 1974, p. 29) notes that ‘‘Hawaiian roots and seedlings, accelerate erosion, influence on the unique native forests of plants are notably nonpoisonous, free and promote the invasion of alien plants from armament, and free from many the Hawaiian Islands, and are widely (Stone 1985, p. 48; van Riper and van characteristics thought to be deterrents recognized as one of the greatest current Riper 1982, pp. 34-35). Goats are able to to herbivores (oils, resins, stinging hairs, threats to forest ecosystems in Hawaii access and forage in extremely rugged coarse texture).’’ In addition, species (Aplet et al. 1991, p. 56; Anderson and terrain, including nearly vertical cliffs of restricted to highly specialized locations Stone 1993, p. 195; Loope 1999, p. 56). the Na Pali Coast, and have a high or food sources (e.g., some Hawaiian European pigs, introduced to Hawaii by reproductive capacity (Clarke and forest birds and picture-wing flies) are Captain James Cook in 1778, hybridized Cuddihy 1980, pp. C-19, C-20; Culliney particularly vulnerable to changes (from with domesticated Polynesian pigs, 1988, p. 336; Cuddihy and Stone 1990, nonnative species, hurricanes, fire, and became feral, and invaded forested p. 64); because of these factors, goats are climate change) in their habitat areas, especially wet and mesic forests believed to have completely eliminated (Carlquist and Cole 1974, pp. 28-29; and dry areas at high elevations. They some plant species from islands Loope 1992, pp. 3-6; Stone 1992, pp. 88- are currently present on Kauai, Niihau, (Atkinson and Atkinson 2000, p. 21). 102). Oahu, Molokai, Maui, and Hawaii. Goats can be highly destructive to These introduced pigs are extremely natural vegetation, and contribute to Habitat destruction and modification destructive and have both direct and by introduced ungulates erosion by: eating young trees and indirect impacts on native plant young shoots of plants before they can Introduced mammals have greatly communities. While rooting in the earth become established; creating trails that impacted the native vegetation, as well in search of invertebrates and plant can damage native vegetative cover, as the native fauna, of the Hawaiian material, pigs directly impact native destabilize substrate, and create gullies Islands. The first introductions of alien plants by disturbing and destroying that convey water and exacerbate mammals began with pigs, dogs, and vegetative cover, and trampling plants erosion; and dislodging stones from rats that arrived with the Polynesians and seedlings. They may also reduce or ledges that can damage vegetation below around 400 A.D. (Kirch 1982, p. 3-4). eliminate plant regeneration by (C. Phillipson, pers.comm. 2008). The Impacts to the native species and damaging or eating seeds and seedlings erosion caused by goats on the steep ecosystems of Hawaii accelerated (further discussion of predation by slopes of Kauai contributes to the following the arrival of Captain James nonnative ungulates is under Factor C, potential for landslides and also Cook in 1778. The Cook expedition and below). Pigs are a major vector for the increases the potential for flooding. subsequent explorers intentionally establishment and spread of competing Large feral herds of goats can cause introduced a European race of pigs or invasive nonnative plant species, by damage at multiple scales; their boars and other livestock, such as goats, dispersing plant seeds on their hooves climbing ability allows access to the to serve as food sources for seagoing and coats as well as through the spread more remote areas of Kauai and their explorers (USGS 1998, p. 752). The mild of manure, and by fertilizing the browsing cau!seshabitat degradation climate of the islands, combined with disturbed soil through their feces. Pigs that can lead to landslides from erosion. the lack of competitors or predators, has feed preferentially on the fruits of many Black-tailed deer (also known as mule led to the successful establishment of nonnative plants, such as Passiflora deer) were first introduced to Kauai in large populations of these introduced mollisima (banana poka) and Psidium 1961 for the purpose of sport hunting. mammals, to the detriment of native cattleianum (strawberry guava), These deer are currently limited to the Hawaiian species and ecosystems. Over spreading the seeds of these invasive western side of Kauai, where they feed the 200 years following the introduction species through their feces as they travel on a variety of native and alien plants of these animals, the numbers of in search of food. In addition, rooting (van Riper and van Riper 1982, p. 42- introduced ungulates has increased, and pigs contribute to erosion by clearing 46). In addition to directly impacting

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00016 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62607

native plants through browsing, deer of which were endemic (species that Rubus argutus (prickly Florida likely inpact native plants indirectly by occur only on the Hawaiian Islands). blackberry), Rubus rosifolius serving as a primary vector for the Over 800 plant taxa have been (thimbleberry), and the canopy species spread of introduced plants. Deer feed introduced from elsewhere, and nearly Psidium cattleianum (strawberry guava), on many alien plant species, and likely 100 of these have become pests (e.g., P. guajava (common guava), distribute these plants seeds through injurious plants) in Hawaii (Smith 1985, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (downy or rose their feces as they travel. Black-tailed p. 180; Gagne and Cuddihy 1999, p. 45; myrtle), and Schinus terebinthifolius deer have been noted as a vector of Cuddihy and Stone 1990, p. 73). Some (Christmasberry) (Carr 1998, p. 10; habitat alteration in the Kauai of these plants were brought to Hawaii NTBG Accession Database 1999; NTBG ecosystems (NTBG report 2007a; HBMP by various groups of people, including Provenance Report 1991; Wood 1998, p. 2007), and impact the Kauai plants the Polynesians, for food or cultural 1; Wood 1999, p. 1; Wood 2005, p. 1; through predation as well (Factor C). reasons. Plantation owners (and the Wood 2007a, p. 1; Wood 2007f, p. 1; Each of the six Kauai ecosystems territorial government of Hawaii), HBMP 2007). In addition, there are identified in this proposed rule alarmed at the reduction of water several nonnative grasses such as (lowland mesic, lowland wet, montane resources for their crops caused by the Melinus minutiflora (molasses grass), mesic, montane wet, dry cliff, and wet destruction of native forest cover by Oplismenus hirtellus (basketgrass), cliff) and the proposed native species grazing feral and domestic animals, Paspalum conjugatum (Hilo grass), P. dependent on these habitat types are introduced nonnative trees for urvillei (Vasey grass), and Setaria subject to both the direct and indirect reforestation. Ranchers intentionally parviflora (yellow foxtail) that pose a adverse impacts of feral ungulates, introduced pasture grasses and other significant threat to the species which result in the destruction and nonnative plants for agriculture, and dependent on this ecosystem (HBMP degradation of habitat for the native sometimes inadvertently introduced 2007). Kauai species. The effects of these weed seeds as well. Other plants were nonnative animals include the brought to Hawaii for their potential Lowland Wet Ecosystem destruction of vegetative cover; horticultural value (Cuddihy and Stone The nonnative plant threats to the trampling of plants and seedlings; direct 1990, p. 73; Scott et al. 1986, pp. 361- species inhabiting the lowland wet consumption of native vegetation; soil 363). ecosystem include the understory and disturbance; dispersal of alien plant Nonnative plants adversely impact subcanopy species Axonopus fissifolius seeds on hooves, coats, and through the native Hawaiian habitat, including the 6 (narrow-leaved carpetgrass), Christella Kauai ecosystems and the 48 species spread of seeds in feces; and creation of parasitica (NCN), Clidemia hirta identified in this proposed rule, by open disturbed areas conducive to (Koster’s curse), Coffea arabica (Arabian modifying the availability of light, further invasion by nonnative pest plant coffee), Cyperus meyenianus (NCN), altering soil-water regimes, modifying species. All of these impacts lead to the Erigeron karvinskianus, Juncus nutrient cycling, altering fire subsequent conversion of a plant planifolius (bog rush), Lantana camara, characteristics of native plant community dominated by native species Melastoma septemnervium, Oplismenus communities (e.g., successive fires that to one dominated by nonnative species hirtellus, Pterolepis glomerata (NCN), burn farther and farther into native (see Habitat destruction and Rubus rosifolius, Sacciolepis indica habitat, destroy native plants, and modification by nonnative plants, !(glenwood grass), Setaria parviflora, below). In addition, because these remove habitat for native species by altering microclimatic conditions to and Sphaeropteris cooperi (Australian mammals inhabit terrain that is often tree fern), and the canopy species steep and remote (Cuddihy and Stone favor alien species), and ultimately converting native dominated plant Psidium cattleianum, P. guajava, and 1990, p. 59), foraging and trampling Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Hawaii State contributes to severe erosion of communities to nonnative plant communities (Cuddihy and Stone, 1990, Comprehensive Wildlife Strategy watersheds. As early as 1900, there was (HSCWS) 2005; NTBG 2006; Wood increasing concern expressed about the p. 74; D’Antonio and Vitousek 1992, p. 73; Smith 1985, pp. 180-181; Vitousek et 1998, p. 2; Wood 2007f, p. 3; HBMP integrity of island watersheds leading to 2007). establishment of a professional forestry al. 1997, p. 6). This directly and program emphasizing soil and water indirectly affects the plant and animal Montane Mesic Ecosystem conservation (Nelson 1989, p. 3). species proposed for listing by modifying or destroying their habitat The nonnative plant threats to the Habitat destruction and modification and reducing food sources. Below we species inhabiting the montane mesic by nonnative plants have organized by ecosystem a list of ecosystem include the understory and nonnative plants followed by a subcanopy species Axonopus fissifolius, General Ecosystem Impacts discussion of the specific negative Blechnum appendiculatum, Christella The native vegetation on all of the effects of those nonnative plants on the parasitica, Cyperus meyenianus, main Hawaiian Islands has undergone proposed species. Ehrharta stipioides (meadow ricegrass), extreme alteration because of past and Erigeron karvinskianus, Hedychium present land management practices, Lowland Mesic Ecosystem gardnerianum, Holcus lanatus (common including ranching, the deliberate The nonnative plant threats to the velvet grass), Kalanchoe pinnata, introduction of nonnative plants and species inhabiting the lowland mesic Lantana camara, Lonicera japonica animals, and agricultural development ecosystem include the understory and (Japanese honeysuckle), Melastoma (Cuddihy and Stone 1990, pp. 27, 58). subcanopy species Blechnum septemnervium, Paspalum urvillei, All of the species being addressed in appendiculatum (no common name, Passiflora tarminiana (banana poka), this proposed rule are threatened by hereafter ‘‘NCN’’), Erigeron Rubus argutus, R. ellipticus (yellow almost 50 taxa of introduced plants that karvinskianus (daisy fleabane), Himalayan raspberry), and R. rosifolius, alter their habitat. The original native Hedychium gardnerianum (kahili and the canopy species Corynocarpus flora of Hawaii (species that were ginger), Kalanchoe pinnata (air plant), laevigatus (karakanut), Eucalyptus present before humans arrived) Lantana camara (lantana), Melastoma robusta (swamp mahogany), Psidium consisted of about 1,000 taxa, 89 percent septemnervium (Indian rhododendron), cattleianum, Rhodomyrtus tomentosa,

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00017 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 62608 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

and Ricinus communis (castor bean) incursions of fire-tolerant nonnative Christella species, and may hybridize (HBMP 2007). plant species into native habitat. with endemic Hawaiian Christella Nonnative plants outcompete native species (Palmer 2003, p. 90). Montane Wet Ecosystem plants by growing faster; in addition, • Clidemia hirta is a noxious shrub in The nonnative plant threats to the they release chemicals that inhibit the the Melastomataceae family that forms a species inhabiting the montane wet growth of other plants. By outcompeting dense understory, shades out native ecosystem include the understory and native species, nonnative plants convert plants and prevents their regeneration, subcanopy species Andropogon native-dominated plant communities to and is considered a significant glomeratus (bushy bluestem), nonnative plant communities (Cuddihy nonnative plant threat (Wagner et al. Andropogon virginicus (broomsedge), and Stone 1990, p. 74; Vitousek 1992, 1985, p. 41; Smith 1989, p. 64). All Axonopus fissifolius, Clidemia hirta, pp. 33-35). The following list provides plants in the Melastomataceae family Cyperus meyenianus, Erechtites a brief description of the nonnative are legally declared noxious in the State valerianifolia (fireweed), Erigeron plants that pose a threat to the species of Hawaii (HAR Title 4, Subtitle 6, karvinskianus, Hedychium proposed for listing that occur in the Chapter 68). gardnerianum, Juncus planifolius, ecosystems being addressed in this • Coffea arabica is shade tolerant and Kalanchoe pinnata, Lantana camara, proposed rule. can form dense stands in the forest Paspalum urvillei, Passiflora • Ageratum conyzoides is a perennial understory. Its seeds are dispersed by tarminiana, Rubus argutus, R. ellipticus, herb that produces thousands of seeds birds and rats and can germinate under R. rosifolius, Sacciolepis indica, Setaria spread by wind and water, with over the forest canopy displacing native parviflora, and Xyris complanata half germinating shortly after being vegetation (PIER 2008c). (yellow-eyed grass), and the canopy shed, displacing native understory • Corynocarpus laevigatus is a tree up species Morella faya (firetree) and vegetation (Pacific Island Ecosystem at to 49 ft (15 m) tall. C. laevigatus seeds Psidium cattleianum (HBMP 2007). Risk (PIER) 2007). were broadcast by aircraft over the • Andropogon glomeratus, a grass interior of Kauai in 1929 in an attempt Dry Cliff Ecosystem species, displaces native vegetation by to restore the watershed, and it is now The nonnative plant threats to the invading disturbed areas, with culms naturalized there (Wagner et al. 1985, p. species inhabiting the dry cliff (stems of grasses or similar plants) to 5 39; Forster and Forster 1999, p. 566). It ecosystem include the understory and ft (1.5 m) tall, and reproduces readily by forms dense shade which excludes other subcanopy species Andropogon seed (Ohio Department of Natural species, and the seeds are distributed by glomeratus, Erigeron karvinskianus, Resources 2006; PIER 2008a). frugivorous (fruit-eating) birds and pigs Kalanchoe pinnata, Lantana camara, • Andropogon virginicus is a grass (PIER 2008d). Lonicera japonica, Passiflora with seeds that are easily distributed by • Cyperus meyenianus can grow as tarminiana, Rubus argutus, and Verbena wind, clothing, vehicles, and feral tall as 2 ft (0.6 m) in height and litoralis (vervain) (Wood 2007d; HBMP animals (Smith 1989, p. 63). Some outcompetes native plants (Koyama 2007). research suggests that this species may 1999, p. 1,421). also release allelopathic substances • Ehrharta stipioides is a grass that Wet Cliff Ecosystem (chemicals that inhibit growth in other creates a thick mat in which other The nonnative plant threats to the plants) that dramatically decrease the species cannot regenerate; its seeds are species inhabiting the wet cliff reestablishment of native plants (Rice easily dispersed by awns (slender, ecosystem include the understory and 1972, p 752). This species is on the terminal, bristle-like process found at subcanopy species Ageratum Hawaii State noxious weed list (HAR the spikelette in many grasses) that conyzoides (maile honohono), Title 4, Subtitle 6, Chapter 68). attach to fur or clothing (U.S. Army Andropogon glomeratus, Blechnum • Axonopus fissifolius is a pasture 2006, p. 2-1-20). appendiculatum, Clidemia hirta, grass that forms dense mats with tall • Erechtites valerianifolia, a tall (up Cyperus meyenianus, Erigeron foliage. This species does well in soils to 8 ft (2.5 m)), widely-distributed karvinskianus, Juncus planifolius, with low nitrogen levels, and can annual herb, produces thousands of Kalanchoe pinnata, Lonicera japonica, outcompete other grasses in wet forests wind-dispersed seeds, outcompeting Paspalum conjugatum, Passiflora edulis and bogs. The species is not subject to native plants (Wagner et al. 1999, p. (passion fruit, lilikoi), P. tarminiana, any major diseases or insect pests, and 314). Pluchea carolinensis (sourbush), Rubus recovers quickly from fire. The seeds are • Erigeron karvinskianus reproduces argutus, R. rosifolius, Setaria parviflora, readily spread by water, vehicles, and and spreads rapidly to form dense mats, Sphaeropteris cooperi, and Youngia grazing animals (O’Connor 1999, pp. and can spread by stem layering and japonica (oriental hawksbeard), and the 1,500-1,502; Cook et al. 2005, p. 4). regrowth of broken roots. This species canopy species Buddleja asiatica (dog • Blechnum appendiculatum is a fern crowds out and displaces ground level tail) and Psidium cattleianum (S. with fronds to 23 in (60 cm) long, that plants (Weeds of Blue Mountains Perlman, in litt. 2007; HBMP 2007). forms large colonies, outcompeting Bushland 2006). many native fern species (Palmer 2003, • Eucalyptus robusta was planted by Nonnative Species-Specific Impacts p. 81). State foresters in the early 1900s on all Nonnative plants represent a • Buddleja asiatica is a shrub or the main Hawaiian Islands except significant and immediate threat to each small tree that can tolerate a wide range Niihau and Kahoolawe in an attempt to of the 48 species being addressed in this of habitats, forms dense thickets, and is protect watersheds. These trees are proposed rule throughout their ranges rapidly spreading into wet forest and quick-growing, can reach 99 ft (30 m) in by destroying and modifying habitat. even lava and cinder substrate areas in height, reproduce from seed, and They can adversely impact microhabitat Hawaii where it displaces native replace native forest species (Cuddihy by modifying the availability of light, vegetation (Wagner et al. 1999, p. 415; and Stone 1990, p 52; Wagner et al. altering soil-water regimes, and Pacific Island Ecosystem at Risk (PIER) 1999, p. 957; PIER 2008e). modifying nutrient cycling processes. 2008b). • Hedychium gardnerianum forms They can also alter fire characteristics of • Christella parasitica (a fern) is vast, dense colonies, displacing other native plant habitat, leading to known to hybridize with other plant species, and reproduces by stolons

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00018 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62609

where already established. The 8-9; Wagner et al. 1999, p. 931; PIER asexual reproduction, and seed conspicuous, fleshy, red seeds are 2008g). This species is on the Hawaii dispersal by birds (University of Florida dispersed by fruit-eating birds as well as State noxious weed list (HAR Title 4, Herbarium 2006). Because of these humans (Smith 1985, p. 191). Aircraft- Subtitle 6, Chapter 68). attributes, it displaces native vegetation based analysis has found that this • Oplismenus hirtellus forms a dense through competition. species reduces the amount of nitrogen groundcover, is sometimes climbing, • Rhodomyrtus tomentosa forms in the native Metrosideros forest canopy and roots at the nodes, enabling its dense thickets and produces large in Hawaii, a finding subsequently rapid spread. It also has sticky seeds amounts of seed that are dispersed by corroborated by ground-based sampling that attach to visiting animals and birds frugivorous birds and mammals (Smith (Asner and Vitousek 2005). This species that then carry them to new areas where 1985, p. 201). It also alters natural fire may also block stream edges, altering they are deposited and spread regimes and sprouts prolifically after water flow and the native vegetation accordingly (O’Connor 1999, p. 1,565; fires (University of Florida 2006). This community (Global Invasive Species Johnson 2005). species is on the Hawaii State noxious Database (GISD) 2007). • Paspalum conjugatum is found in weed list (HAR Title 4, Subtitle 6, • Holcus lanatus is an aggressively wet habitats, and forms a dense ground Chapter 68). growing and possibly allelopathic cover. Its small hairy seeds are easily • Ricinus communis is a fast growing (having a chemical inhibitory effect on transported on humans and animals or tree that can form thickets that shade other organisms) grass that quickly are carried by the wind through native out other species (PIER 2007). becomes dominant over other plants forests, where it establishes and • Rubus argutus reproduces both (Pitcher and Russo 1980, p. 3). displaces native vegetation (Cuddihy vegetatively and by seed, readily sprouts • Juncus planifolius forms dense mats and Stone 1990, p. 83; Tomich 1986, p. from underground runners, and is and has the potential of displacing 125; PIER 2006; University of Hawaii quickly spread by frugivorous birds natives by preventing establishment of 2008h). (Tunison 1991, p. 2; Wagner et al. 1999, their seedlings (Medeiros et al. 1991, p. • Paspalum urvillei forms dense p. 1,107; U.S. Army 2006, p. 2-1-21, 2- 28). stands which displace native vegetation 1-22). This species, which displaces • Kalanchoe pinnata can form dense (Motooka et al. 2003, p. 1). native vegetation through competiton, is stands that prevent reproduction of • Passiflora edulis is a vigorous, on the Hawaii State noxious weed list native species. It can also reproduce by climbing vine cultivated for its fruit in (HAR Title 4, Subtitle 6, Chapter 68). vegetative means at indents along the Hawaii (Escobar 1999, p. 1,010). It can • Rubus ellipticus is a climbing shrub leaf (Motooka et al. 2003). grow up to 20 ft (6 m) per year once that forms impenetrable thickets, is • Lantana camara was brought to established, smothering trees and covered with prickles, and has edible Hawaii as an ornamental plant, and is shrubs. Each fruit has hundreds of seeds yellow fruit that are readily dispersed an aggressive, thicket-forming shrub which are eaten and distributed by pigs by birds. This species, which displaces which is now found on all of the main (PIER 2008i). native vegetation through competition, islands (Wagner et al. 1999, p. 1,320). • Passiflora tarminiana, a vine native is on the Hawaii State noxious weed list • Lonicera japonica is a sprawling to South America, is widely cultivated (Benton 2005, p 1; GISD 2008a; HAR vine that can grow over and smother for its fruit (Escobar 1999, p 1,012). First Title 4, Subtitle 6, Chapter 68). shrubs and small trees, and cover the introduced to Hawaii in the early 1900s, • Rubus rosifolius forms dense forest floor, preventing growth of native it is now a significant pest in mesic thickets and outcompetes native plant species (PIER 2008f). forest, where it overgrows and smothers species. It easily reproduces from roots • Melastoma septemnervium is the forest canopy. Its seeds are readily left in the ground, and seeds are spread another member of the Melastomataceae dispersed by humans, birds, and feral by feral animals and birds (PIER 2008j; family. This plant displaces and pigs (La Rosa 1992, pp. 272, 290). GISD 2008b). outcompetes native vegetation because • Pluchea carolinensis is a fast- • Sacciolepis indica is an annual of its invasive characteristics such as growing shrub that forms thickets in dry grass that invades disturbed and open high germination rate, rapid growth, habitats and can tolerate saline areas in wet habitats. The seeds are early maturity, ability of fragments to conditions. The wind-dispersed seeds dispersed by sticking to animal fur root, possible asexual reproduction, and facilitate plant dispersal which (University of Hawaii 1998). efficient seed dispersal, especially by displaces native vegetation (Francis • Schinus terebinthifolius forms birds (Smith 1985, p. 194; University of 2006). dense thickets and grows in all terrain, Florida Herbarium 2006). This species is • Psidium cattleianum forms dense and the red berries are attractive to birds on the Hawaii State noxious weed list stands in which few other plants can (Smith 1989, p. 63). Schinus seedlings (HAR Title 4, Subtitle 6, Chapter 68). grow, displacing native vegetation grow very slowly and can survive in • Melinus minutiflora forms dense through competition. The fruit is eaten dense shade, exhibiting vigorous growth mats that can fuel more intense fires by pigs and birds that disperse the seeds when the canopy is opened after a that destroy native plants (O’Connor throughout the forest (Smith 1985, p. disturbance (Brazilian Pepper Task 1999, p. 1.562; Cuddihy and Stone 1990, 200; Wagner et al. 1985, p. 24). Force 1997). Because of these attributes, p. 89). • Psidium guajava forms dense it is able to displace native vegetation • Morella faya is an evergreen shrub stands in disturbed forest. The seeds are through competition. or small tree up to 26 ft (8 m) tall. It spread by feral pigs and alien birds, and • Setaria parviflora can grow in a forms monotypic stands, has the ability it can also regenerate from underground wide variety of habitats. Its culms to fix nitrogen, and alters the parts by suckering (Wagner et al. 1999, (hollow or pithy stalks or stems) can be successional ecosystems in areas it p. 972). up to 4 ft (1.2 m) tall, and this species invades, displacing native vegetation • Pterolepis glomerata is another can form significant colonies shading through competition. It is also a prolific member of the Melastomataceae family. and crowding out native plant species fruit producer (average of 400,000 fruit The basis for its classification as (O’Connor 1999, p. 1,592; University of per individual shrub or tree per year), invasive are the plant’s germination Florida 2007). and the fruit are spread by frugivorous rates, rapid growth, early maturity, • Sphaeropteris cooperi is a tree fern birds and feral pigs (Vitousek 1990, p. ability of fragments to root, possible native to Australia that was brought to

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00019 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 62610 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

Hawaii for use in landscaping (Medeiros today, extensive fires have occurred in conditions favorable to alien plants. et al. 1992, p. 43). It can achieve high lowland mesic areas, and up to half of Alien plant species most likely to be densities in native Hawaiian forest and the areas dominated by alien species spread as a consequence of fire are those grows up to 1 ft (0.3 m) in height per have been damaged by fire. that produce a high fuel load, are year. It reaches maximum known Fires of all intensities, seasons, and adapted to survive and regenerate after heights of 39 ft (12 m) (Jones and sources are destructive to native fire, and establish rapidly in newly Clemesha 1976, p. 56), and can displace Hawaiian ecosystems (Brown and Smith burned areas. For example, a native species. Understory disturbance 2000, p. 172), and a single grass-fueled documented increase in the frequency by pigs facilitates its establishment fire can kill most native trees and shrubs and size of fires at Hawaii Volcanoes (Medeiros et al. 1992, p. 30), and it has in the burned area (D’Antonio and National Park since 1968 coincided with been known to spread over seven mi (12 Vitousek 1992, p. 74). Few native an increasing cover of alien grasses km) through windblown dispersal of Hawaiian plants and animals are (Smith and Tunison 1992, p. 398). spores from plant nurseries (Medeiros et adapted to withstand fire, and none are Habitat destruction and modification by al. 1992, p 29). known to depend on fire for their • Verbena litoralis is a perennial herb existence or regeneration. Although hurricanes up to 6.5 ft (2 m) tall, and is naturalized Vogl (1969) (in Cuddihy and Stone Hurricanes adversely impact native in a wide range of habitats in Hawaii 1990, p. 91) proposed that naturally Hawaiian habitat, including all six (Wagner et al. 1999, p. 1,325). It occurring fires, primarily from lightning Kauai ecosystems and their associated displaces native vegetation through strikes, have been important in the species identified in this proposed rule. competition. development of the original Hawaiian They do this by destroying native • Xyris complanata is a clumping flora, and that many Hawaiian plants vegetation, opening the canopy and thus herb cultivated for use in floral might be fire adapted, Mueller-Dumbois modifying the availability of light, and arrangements. It is naturalized in (1981) (in Cuddihy and Stone 1990, p. creating disturbed areas conducive to Hawaii in wet muddy areas and on lava 91) point out that most natural invasion by nonnative pest species and can outcompete native vegetation vegetation types of Hawaii would not (Asner and Goldstein 1997, p. 148; (Wagner et al. 1999, p. 1,615). carry fire before the introduction of Harrington et al. 1997, pp. 539-540). • Youngia japonica is an annual herb alien grasses, and Smith and Tunison Because many Hawaiian plant and 3 ft (0.9 m) tall that is native to (in press) (in Cuddihy and Stone 1990, animal species, including the 48 species southeastern Asia and is now a p. 91) state that native plant fuels in this proposal, persist in low numbers pantropical weed (Wagner et al. 1999, p. typically have low flammability. and in restricted ranges, natural 377). In Hawaii it occurs in moist, Cuddihy and Stone (1990, p. 91) state disasters, such as hurricanes, can be disturbed sites, and can invade nearly that fire probably influenced the particularly devastating (Hawaii intact native wet forest (Wagner et al. evolution of the montane ecosystems of Comprehensive Wildlife Conservation 1999, p. 377), outcompeting native Maui and Hawaii, which contain Plan 2005, p. 4-3). vegetation. grasslands of the native Deschampsia In November 1982, Hurricane Iwa struck the Hawaiian Islands with wind Habitat destruction and modification by nubigena and stands of native shrub gusts exceeding 100 miles per hour fire species and koa (Acacia koa). Alien-dominated grasslands and (mph) (161 kilometers per hour (kph)), Fire is a relatively new, human- shrublands constitute the greatest fire causing extensive damage, especially on related threat to native species and threat to native lowland vegetation, the islands of Niihau, Kauai, and Oahu natural vegetation in Hawaii. The including the lowland mesic ecosystem (Businger 1998, pp. 2, 6). Many forest historical fire regime in Hawaii was described in this proposal. Grasses trees were destroyed, which opened the characterized by infrequent, low (particularly those that produce mats of canopy and facilitated invasion of severity fires (Cuddihy and Stone 1990, dry material or retain a mass of standing native habitat by nonnative plants. p. 91; Smith and Tunison 1992, pp. 395- dead leaves) that invade native forests Competition with nonnative plants is a 397). Few natural ignition sources and shrublands provide fuels that allow threat to each of the 6 ecosystems and existed, natural fuel beds were often fire to burn areas that would not the 48 species addressed in this discontinuous, and rainfall in many otherwise easily burn (Fujioka and Fujii proposed rule, as described above. In areas on most islands was, and is 1980, in Cuddihy and Stone 1990, p. September 1992, Hurricane Iniki, a moderate to high. Fires inadvertently or 93). Native woody plants may recover Category 4 hurricane with maximum intentionally ignited by the original from fire to some degree, but fire tips wind speeds recorded at 140 mph (225 Polynesians in Hawaii probably the competitive balance toward alien kph), passed directly over the island of contributed to the initial decline of species (National Park Service 1989 in Kauai, causing significant damage to native vegetation in the drier plains and Cuddihy and Stone 1990, p. 93). Many Kauai’s native plant populations foothills. These early settlers practiced nonnative invasive plants, especially (Businger 1998, pp. 2, 6; S. Perlman, in slash-and-burn agriculture that created fire tolerant grasses, outcompete native litt. 1992, pp. 1-9). Several species of open lowland areas suitable for the later plants and inhibit their regeneration Kauai’s endemic forest birds suffered colonization of nonnative, fire-adapted (D’Antonio and Vitousek 1992, pp. 70, significant declines in population, and grasses (Kirch 1982, pp. 5-6, 8; Cuddihy 73-74; Tunison et. al. 2002, p. 122). some have not been observed since the and Stone 1990, pp. 30-31). Beginning Fire represents a threat to many of the hurricanes. In addition, populations of in the late 18th century, Europeans and species found in the lowland mesic, several of Hawaii’s rare plants, Americans introduced plants and montane mesic, and dry cliff ecosystems including three of the species in this animals that further degraded native addressed in this proposed rule. Fire proposal, Lysimachia iniki, L. pendens, Hawaiian ecosystems. Pasturage and can destroy dormant seeds as well as and L. venosa, were adversely impacted ranching, in particular, created highly plants, even in steep or inaccessible by hurricanes Iwa and Iniki through fire-prone areas of nonnative grasses areas. Successive fires that burn farther wind damage, canopy disruption, and and shrubs (D’Antonio and Vitousek and farther into native habitat destroy landslides (S. Perlman, in litt. 1992, p. 1992, p. 67). Although fires are native plants and remove habitat for 1). Damage by future hurricanes could infrequent in mountainous regions native species by altering microclimate further decrease the remaining native-

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00020 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62611

plant dominated habitat areas that ecosystems, including the 6 Kauai species proposed for listing would be support rare plants and wildlife in ecosystems and each of the associated expected to include habitat loss or Kauai ecosystems (S. Perlman, in litt. 48 species identified in this proposed alteration and/or changes in disturbance 1992, pp. 1-9). rule, are unknown, but are likely to regimes, in addition to direct include the loss of native species that physiological stress. The probability of Habitat destruction and modification comprise the communities in which the species going extinct as a result of these due to landslides and flooding 48 Kauai species occur (Benning et al. factors increases when ranges are Landslides and flooding destabilize 2002, pp. 14,246 and 14,248; Pounds et restricted, habitat decreases, and substrates, damage and destroy al. 1999, pp. 611-612; Still et al. 1999, population numbers decline (IPCC 2007, individual plants, and alter hydrological p. 610). Future changes in precipitation p. 8). Such is the case for each of the patterns, which result in changes to are uncertain because they depend in 48 Kauai species, which are native plant and animal communities. part on how El Nin˜ o (a disruption of the characterized by limited climactic Due to the steep topography of much of ocean atmospheric system in the ranges and/or restricted habitat the island of Kauai, erosion and Tropical Pacific having important global requirements, small population size, disturbance caused by introduced consequences for weather and climate) and low number of individuals. The ungulates exacerbates the potential for might change, and reliable projections threat of climate change for the akikiki landslides or flooding, which in turn of changes in El Nin˜ o have yet to be and akekee would be further threaten native plants. For those species made (Hawaii Climate Change Action exacerbated by the extensive loss of that occur in small numbers in highly Plan 1998, pp. 2-10). suitable habitat due to the expansion of restricted geographic areas, such events According to some climate change the transmission zone for malaria. have the potential to eradicate all projections, temperature increases could individuals of a population, or even all pose an additional threat specific to the Summary of Habitat Destruction and populations of a species, resulting in akekee and akikiki by causing an Modification extinction. increase in the elevation at which The threats to each of the 48 Kauai Landslides and flooding likely regular transmission of avian malaria species addressed in this proposed rule adversely many of the species addressed occurs (Benning et al. 2002). are occurring throughout the entire in this proposed rule, including: Experimental evidence has shown that range of each of the species. These Chamaesyce eleanoriae, Chamaesyce the malarial parasite does not develop threats include introduced ungulates, remyi var. kauaiensis, C. remyi var. in birds in an environment below 55 nonnative plants, fire, natural disasters, remyi, Charpentiera densiflora, Cyanea degrees Fahrenheit (F) (13 degrees and climate change. dolichopoda, C. eleeleensis, C. Celsius (C)), and field studies have The effects from ungulates are kolekoleensis, C. kuhihewa, Cyrtandra found that maximum malaria immediate because ungulates currently oenobarba, C. paliku, Diellia mannii, transmission occurs where mean occur in all of the ecosystems on which Dubautia kenwoodii, Dubautia ambient summer temperature is 63 these species depend. The threat posed plantaginea ssp. magnifolia, Lysimachia degrees F (17 degrees C) (Benning et al. by introduced ungulates is significant iniki, L. pendens, L. scopulensis, L. 2002, p. 14,246). Between 55 and 63 because they cause: (1) Trampling and venosa, Melicope paniculata, Myrsine degrees F (13 and 17 degrees C), malaria grazing that directly impacts the plant mezii, Phyllostegia renovans, transmission is sporadic and usually species proposed for listing; (2) Platydesma rostrata, Schiedea associated with warmer periods, such as increased soil disturbance, leading to attenuata, and Stenogyne kealiae. El Nin˜ o events (Benning et al. 2002, p. mechanical damage to individuals of Monitoring data from the HBMP 14,246). There are no forested areas on proposed plants and host plants of suggests that these species are Kauai where mean ambient temperature Drosophila attigua (picture-wing fly); (3) threatened by landslides or falling is below 55 degrees F (13 degrees C), trampling and grazing native plants rocks, since they are found in landscape which indicates that all areas are subject used for nesting and foraging by the settings susceptible to these events (e.g., to malaria at least periodically. Benning akekee and akikiki, and for foraging by steep slopes and cliffs). Since Schiedea et al. (2002) used GIS simulation to D. attigua; (4) creation of open, attenuata is known from only a single show that an increase in temperature of disturbed areas conducive to weedy population of 20 individuals on a steep 3.6 degrees F (2 degrees C), which is plant invasion and establishment of cliff, one landslide could lead to the within the range predicted by some alien plants from dispersed fruits and extinction of the species by direct climate models (e.g. Still et al. 1999 and seeds, which results over time in the destruction of the individual plants, references therein, p. 608; IPCC 2001, p. conversion of a community dominated mechanical damage to individual plants 67-69), would raise the 63 degrees F (17 by native vegetation to one dominated which could lead to their death, degrees C) isotherm in the Alakai by nonnative vegetation (leading to all destabilization of the cliff habitat swamp region on Kauai by 984 ft (300 of the negative impacts associated with leading to additional landslides, and m), resulting in an 85 percent decrease nonnative plants, detailed below); (5) alteration of hydrological patterns (e.g., in the land area where malaria increased watershed erosion and affecting the availability of soil transmission currently is only periodic. sedimentation; and (6) creation of moisture). Field survey data presented If climate change were to reduce the breeding sites for mosquitoes, the in the HBMP suggest that Charpentiera remaining suitable habitat for the akekee primary vector for the transmission of densiflora and Cyrtandra oenobarba are and akikiki by 85 percent as predicted, avian diseases, which threaten the threatened by both landslides and it would likely contribute to the akikiki and akekee. These threats are flooding, and Cyanea kolekoleensis is extinction of the species over time. expected to continue or increase threatened by flooding. The 48 Kauai species in this proposal without control or eradication. are theoretically amongst the most Nonnative plants represent a Habitat destruction and modification by vulnerable to extinction due to significant and immediate threat to all climate change anticipated global climate change, 48 species being addressed in this The exact nature of the impacts of although the specific impacts of such proposed rule through habitat global climate change and increasing climate change on these species cannot destruction and modification for the temperatures on native Hawaiian currently be known. Impacts to the following reasons: (1) They adversely

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00021 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 62612 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

impact microhabitat by modifying the damage could further exacerbate these collection of other species of availability of light; (2) they alter soil- declines (S. Perlman, in litt. 1992, p. 1). endangered Pritchardia palms on Kauai water regimes; (3) they modify nutrient Hurricanes pose an immediate and ever- (Johnson 1996, pp. 16-17; A. Kyono, cycling processes; (4) they alter fire present threat, because they can occur at DOFAW, pers. comm. 2000; R. Nishek, characteristics of native plant habitat, any time, although their occurrence is pers. comm. 2007). Because this species leading to incursions of fire-tolerant not predictable. is found in only two populations with nonnative plant species into native Landslides and flooding adversely limited numbers of individuals, we habitat; and (5) they outcompete, and impact many of the species in this consider overutilization to be an possibly directly inhibit the growth of, proposed rule (see Table 2) by immediate and significant threat to P. native plant species. All of these threats destabilizing substrates, damaging and hardyi throughout its entire range. We can convert native dominated plant destroying individual plants, and do not consider overutilization to pose communities to nonnative plant altering hydrological patterns which a threat to any of the other 47 Kauai communities (Cuddihy and Stone 1990, result in habitat destruction or species. p. 74; Vitousek 1992, pp. 33-35). This modification and changes to native C. Disease or Predation conversion has negative impacts on, and plant and animal communities. These threatens, the 45 plant species threats are significant and, as with Avian Diseases addressed here, as well as the akikiki, hurricanes, have the potential to occur Avian diseases transmitted by the akekee, and Drosophila attigua, which at any time, although their occurrence is introduced southern house mosquito depend upon native plant species for not predictable. (Culex quinquefasciatus), including essential life history needs. The projected effects of global climate avian pox (Poxvirus avium) and malaria The threat from fire to the species in change and increasing temperatures on (Plasmodium relictum), play a major this proposed rule that depend on the 48 species addressed in this role in limiting the distribution of the lowland mesic, montane mesic, and dry proposed rule relate to changes in many Hawaiian forest bird species, and cliff ecosystems (see Table 2) is microclimatic conditions, which may pose a significant and immediate threat significant because fire damages and lead to the loss of native species due to to the akekee and akikiki throughout destroys native vegetation, including direct physiological stress, the loss or their ranges (Benning et al. 2002, p. dormant seeds, seedlings, and juvenile alteration of habitat, and/or changes in 14,246). Like many other native and adult plants. Many nonnative disturbance regimes (e.g., storms and Hawaiian forest birds, the akikiki and invasive plants, particularly fire-tolerant hurricanes). Because the probability of akekee are no longer found at lower grasses, outcompete native plants and species going extinct increases when elevations, but have become restricted inhibit their regeneration (D’Antonio ranges are restricted, habitat decreases, to the higher elevation montane mesic and Vitousek 1992, pp. 70, 73-74; and population numbers decline – (akekee only) and montane wet (both Tunison et al 2001, p. 122). Successive conditions that describe the situation for akekee and akikiki) ecosystems where fires that burn farther and farther into small populations of single-island mosquitoes and the diseases they carry native habitat destroy native plants and endemics such as those addressed in are less prevalent (Scott et al. 1986, p. remove habitat for native species by this proposed listing – each of the 48 367-368). In the warmer fall months, altering microclimatic conditions and Kauai species are particularly Culex quinquefasciatus breeds at higher creating conditions favorable to alien vulnerable to extinction due to such densities in upper elevation forests, plants. The threat from fire is changes. In addition, climate change coinciding with a prevalence of malaria unpredictable but omnipresent in these may pose a significant threat specific to in avian populations at higher ecosystems that have been invaded by the akekee and akikiki by causing an elevations (van Riper et al. 1986, pp. nonnative, fire-prone grasses. increase in the elevation at which 332-333, 338). Natural disasters such as hurricanes regular transmission of avian malaria Native Hawaiian birds evolved in the represent a significant threat to native occurs. However, because the specific absence of mosquito-borne avian habitat and the 48 species addressed in effects of probable climate change on diseases, and only recently became this proposed rule because they open these species are unknown at this time, exposed when mosquitoes were the forest canopy, modify available we are not able to determine the accidentally introduced to the islands in light, and create disturbed areas that are magnitude of this threat with 1827, in association with the conducive to invasion by nonnative pest confidence. introduction of avian pox and malaria plants (Asner and Goldstein 1997, p. through imported cage birds and B. Overutilization for Commercial, 148; Harrington et al. 1997, pp. 346- domestic fowl (Yorinks and Atkinson Recreational, Scientific, or Educational 347). These impacts can be particularly 2000, p. 731 and references therein). Purposes devastating to the 48 species addressed Native Hawaiian forest birds are more in this proposed rule because due to The palm tree Pritchardia hardyi is susceptible to malaria than are other threats they now persist in low found only on the island of Kauai. Rare nonnative bird species (van Riper et al. numbers or occur in restricted ranges, palm trees are highly desirable to 1986, pp. 327-328). In addition, native and are therefore less resilient to such collectors, and there is an active internet birds infected with malaria also show disturbances. Furthermore, a sales and online auction market for their altered behaviors that increase their particularly destructive hurricane holds seeds and seedlings, including P. hardyi vulnerability to predation (Yorinks and the potential of driving a highly (GardenGuides.com 2007; Atkison 2000, pp. 731-738). Avian localized endemic species to extinction Rarepalmseeds.com 2007; South Coast malaria appears to be highly pathogenic in a single event. In 1982 and 1992, the Palms 2007; Kapoho Palms 2007; J.D. for the Hawaiian honeycreepers (birds island of Kauai received the brunt of Anderson Nursery 2007; Jungle Music in the subfamily Drepanidinae), hurricane-force winds and rain Palms and Cycads 2007; Tropical including the akikiki and akekee associated with Hurricanes Iwa and Gardens of Maui 2007). Seeds of P. (Yorinks and Atkinson, p. 737). In a Iniki. Field biologists noted significant hardyi have been stolen from an study of iiwi (Vestiaria coccinea), declines in native Hawaiian plant and outplanting site in the past (R. Nishek, another Hawaiian honeycreeper, wildlife populations following these NTBG, pers. comm. 2007), and we have Atkinson et al. (1995, p. S65) described events, and believe that future hurricane evidence of vandalism and illegal ‘‘extraordinarily high mortality’’ of birds

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00022 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62613

infected with malaria. This Cyanea eleeleensis (feral pigs), C. leaching and erosion. Rooting activities susceptibility, in combination with the kolekoleensis (feral pigs), C. kuhihewa also decreased the survivability of some observation that other Hawaiian (feral pigs), Cyrtandra oenobarba (feral plant species through disruption at root honeycreepers have become restricted to goats and pigs), Diellia mannii (black- level of mature plants and seedlings high elevation forests, led Atkinson et tailed deer and feral pigs), Doryopteris (Beach 1997, pp. 3-4). al. (1995, p. S68) to predict that a shift angelica (black-tailed deer, feral goats Feral goats thrive on a variety of food in the current mosquito distribution to and pigs), Dryopteris crinalis var. plants, and are instrumental in the higher elevations could be disastrous for podosorus (feral pigs), Dubautia decline of native vegetation in many those species with already reduced imbricata ssp. imbricata (feral pigs), areas (Cuddihy and Stone 1990, p. 64). populations. As discussed below Dubautia kenwoodii (feral goats and Feral goats trample roots and seedlings, (‘‘Other Natural or Manmade Factors pigs), Dubautia plantaginea ssp. cause erosion, and promote the invasion Affecting Their Continued Existence’’), magnifolia (feral pigs), Dubautia of alien plants. They are able to forage climate change may pose just such a waialealae (feral goats and pigs), in extremely rugged terrain and have a threat to the akikiki and akekee, by Geranium kauaiense (feral pigs), high reproductive capacity (Clarke and potentially causing an increase in the Keysseria erici (feral pigs), K. helenae Cuddihy 1980, p. C-20; van Riper and elevation at which regular transmission (feral pigs), Labordia helleri (black- van Riper 1982, pp. 34-35; Tomich of avian malaria occurs (Benning et al. tailed deer, and feral goats and pigs); 1986, pp. 153-156; Cuddihy and Stone 2002, pp. 12,246-14,247). Labordia pumila (feral pigs); Lysimachia 1990, p. 64). A study of goat predation on a native Acacia koa (koa) forest on Predation daphnoides (feral pigs), L. pendens (feral pigs), L. scopulensis (feral pigs the island of Hawaii has shown that Hawaii’s plants and animals evolved and goats), Melicope degeneri (feral grazing pressure by goats can cause the in nearly complete isolation. Successful goats and pigs), M. paniculata (feral eventual extinction of koa because it is colonization of these remote volcanic goats and pigs), M. puberula (feral goats unable to reproduce (Spatz and Mueller- islands was infrequent, and many and pigs), Myrsine knudsenii (black- Dombois 1973, p. 874). If goats are organisms never established tailed deer, feral goats and pigs), M. maintained at constantly high numbers, populations. As an example, Hawaii mezii (feral!goats and pigs), Phyllostegia mature trees will eventually die and lacks any native ants or conifers, has renovans (feral goats and pigs), with them, the root systems that support very few bird families, and has only a Pittosporum napaliense (feral goats), suckers and vegetative reproduction. An single native land mammal (Loope 1998, Platydesma rostrata (black-tailed deer, exclosure analysis demonstrated that p. 748). Defenses against mammalian feral goats and pigs), Pritchardia hardyi release from goat pressure by fencing herbivory, such as thorns, prickles, and (feral goats and pigs), Psychotria resulted in a rapid recovery in height production of toxins, were not needed, grandiflora (black-tailed deer, feral goats growth and numbers of vegetative and evolutionary pressure for plants to and pigs), P. hobdyi (black-tailed deer, resprouts of koa (Spatz and Mueller- produce or maintain them was lacking. feral goats and pigs), Schiedea attenuata Dombois 1973, p. 873). Another study at Therefore, Hawaiian plants lost or never (feral goats), Stenogyne kealiae (black- Puuwaawaa on the island of Hawaii developed these defenses (Carlquist tailed deer, feral goats and pigs), demonstrated that prior to management 1980, p. 173). Likewise, birds endemic Tetraplasandra bisattenuata (feral pigs), actions in 1985, regeneration of endemic to Hawaii lost their resistance to and Tetraplasandra flynnii (feral goats) shrubs and trees in the goat-grazed area was almost totally lacking, contributing diseases common to their continental (Wood 1998, p. 1; Wagner et al. 1999, to the invasion of the forest understory origins, and strategies to avoid p. 282; HBMP Database 2007; Wood in by exotic grasses and weeds. After the mammalian predators. Native Hawaiian litt. 2007, pp. 1, 4, 6-8, 10-12; USFWS removal of grazing animals in 1985, koa birds were not able to withstand the 2007 Candidate Status Assessments). stressors of habitat change and and Metrosideros spp. (ohia) seedlings predation caused when browsers, We have direct evidence of ungulate were observed germinating by the grazers, rooters, and predators were damage to some of these species, but for thousands (Department of Land and introduced (e.g., goats, cattle, pigs, rats, many, ungulate damage is presumed Natural Resources 2002, p. 52). Goats cats, and deer) (Scott et al. 1986, pp. based on several studies conducted in have been observed uprooting, eating, 352-361, 364-365). The native flora and Hawaii and elsewhere. In a study and trampling native plants in the Kauai fauna of the islands are thus particularly conducted by Diong (1982, p. 160) on ecosystems (e.g., K.R. Wood 1994; S. vulnerable to the impacts of introduced Maui, feral pigs were observed browsing Perlman, in litt. 2007). Based on a alien species. on young shoots, leaves, and fronds of comparison of fenced and unfenced a wide variety of plants, of which over areas, it is clear that goats can devastate Introduced Ungulates 75 percent were endemic species (Diong native ecosystems. They can also In addition to the habitat impacts 1982, p. 160). A stomach content outcompete black-tailed deer. It is discussed above (See ‘‘Habitat analysis in this study showed that 60 estimated that there are 2 goats per Destruction and modification by percent of the pigs’ food source hectare in Hawaii (C. Kessler, pers. introduced ungulates’’), the following consisted of the endemic Cibotium (tree comm. 2008). ungulates most likely threaten the 45 fern). Pigs were observed to fell plants Black-tailed deer co!nsume native plant species in this proposal by and remove the bark of the native plant vegetation, trample roots and seedlings, trampling and eating individual plants, species Clermontia, Cibotium, accelerate erosion, and promote the as follows (this information is also Coprosma, Psychotria, Scaevola, and invasion of nonnative plants (van Riper presented in Table 2): Astelia Hedyotis, resulting in larger trees being and van Riper 1982, pp. 42-43; Stone waialealae (feral goats and pigs), killed over a few months of repeated 1985, pp. 261-262; Tomich 1986, pp. Canavalia napaliensis (feral goats), feeding (Diong 1982, p. 144). A study in 132-134; Cuddihy and Stone 1990, p. Chamaesyce eleanoriae (feral goats), Texas conducted by Beach (1997, pp. 3- 67). About 350 animals are known to Chamaesyce remyi var. kauaiensis (feral 4) revealed that feral pigs spread disease occur in and near Waimea Canyon, with pigs), C. remyi var. remyi (feral goats, and parasites, and that their rooting and some invasion into Alakai Swamp in pigs, and black-tailed deer), wallowing behavior led to spoilage of drier periods (Cuddihy and Stone 1990, Charpentiera densiflora (feral goats), watering holes and loss of soil through p. 67). According to current State

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00023 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 62614 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

records, they are feeding largely on the Stone 1990, pp. 67-69). Research on rats addition, two species of owls, the native introduced species strawberry guava, in forests in New Zealand has pueo (Asio flammeus sandwichensis) thimbleberry, passion flower, and demonstrated that, over time, rats may and the introduced barn owl (Tyto alba), blackberry, as well as the native species alter the species composition of forest are also known to prey on forest birds. Alyxia oliviformis (maile), Dodonaea plants (Cuddihy and Stone 1990, pp. 68- Between 1996 and 1998, 10 percent of viscosa (aalii), Dianella sandwicensis 69). nest failures of the endangered puaiohi (ukiuki), Coprosma sp. (pilo), and Rat predation may also threaten the on Kauai were attributed to owls Acacia koa (Cuddihy and Stone 1990, p. native host and foraging plants of (Snetsinger et al. 1994, p. 47; Snetsinger 67). Black-tail deer affect the species Drosophila attigua, and is a threat to the et al. 2005, pp. 72, 79). Since the and ecosystems addressed in this akekee and akikiki in the montane puaiohi occurs in the same area and proposed rule by damaging native mesic and montane wet ecosystems. forest type as the akikiki and akekee and plants through browsing or trampling, Rats are reported in the ecosystems is of generally similar size, it is not resulting in plant mortality and/or the where these birds occur and are unreasonable to assume there may be loss of reproductive vigor. By spreading potential predators on roosting or similar impacts to these bird species. seeds of nonnative species on their coats incubating adults, nests, and young Invertebrates or in their digestive tracts, they also (VanderWerf and Smith 2002, p. 73; increase competition for resources with Scott et al. 1986, pp. 363-364; USFWS Predation by nonnative invertebrate native species. 2007 Candidate Status Assessments). pests adversely impacts 13 of the plant and animal species (Table 2) in this Rats Predation by rats was the greatest cause of nest failure for the puaiohi, or small proposed rule through mechanical There are three species of introduced Kauai thrush (Myadestes palmeri), an damage to plants, destruction of plant rats in the Hawaiian Islands. The endangered bird that inhabits the same parts, parasitism, and mortality. Those Polynesian rat (Rattus exulans) and the areas as!the akekee and akikiki (Tweed introduced invertebrate pests with the black rat (Rattus rattus) are primarily et al. 2006, p. 753). Puaiohi nest almost greatest effect on these native species found in the wild, in dry to wet habitats, exclusively in pseudo-cavities on cliff include at least 12 different species of while the Norway rat (Rattus faces (Snetsinger et al. 2005, p. 77), slugs (Joe 2006, pp. 6, 12), the black norvegicus) is typically found in unlike akikiki and akekee that build cup twig borer (Xylosandrus compactus) manmade habitats such as urban areas nests in trees (Akikiki, BNA 555, p. 7; (Davis 1970, pp. 38-39), the two-spotted or agricultural fields (Tomich 1986, p. Akekee, BNA 295, p. 6). Captive raised leafhopper (Sophonia rufofascia) 41). The Polynesian rat probably arrived puaiohi built cup nests in trees during (Hawaii Department of Agriculture, p. 1; on the Hawaiian Islands as an a 1999 captive release in the Kawaikoi, Fukada 1996, pp. 1-12), and the western inadvertent introduction by early and two females and their associated yellow-jacket wasp (Vespula Polynesian colonizers from the central young were killed by rats at these nests pensylvanica) (Gambino and Loope Pacific (Tomich 1986, p. 42). More (Tweed et al. 2003, USGS/BRD, 1992, p. 1). recently, the black rat and the Norway unpublished data). From these data and Predation by nonnative slugs is most rat most likely arrived on the Hawaiian information on rat predation for cliff likely a threat to individuals of the four Islands as stowaways on ships sometime nests (Snetsinger et al. 2005, p. 79), it species of Cyanea in this proposed rule: in the 19th century (Atkinson and is clear that both puaiohi cliff nests and Cyanea dolichopoda, C. eleeleensis, C. Atkinson 2000, p. 25). cup nests built in trees are vulnerable to kolekoleensis, and C. kuhihewa (Joe Rats occur in all six of the Kauai rat predation. Although we do not have 2006, p. 10). On Oahu, slugs have been ecosystems, and rat predation threatens direct evidence of rat predation on the reported to destroy C. grimesiana ssp. at least 19 of the 45 plant species akekee or akikiki from nest studies, it is obatae and C. superba ssp. superba in addressed in this proposed rule (see reasonable to assume that these birds the wild, and have been observed eating Table 2). Although introduced rats are nesting in the same area as the puaiohi leaves and fruit of cultivated best known for their impacts on island would be exposed to similar impacts individuals of Cyanea (L. Mehrhoff, birds, rat predation on seeds and young from rat predation. pers. comm. 1995; U.S. Army Garrison plants can seriously affect regeneration. 2005, pp. 3-34, 3-51). Little is known They are also known to have caused Cats and Owls about the predation of certain rare declines or even the total elimination of Feral cats (Felis domesticus) are plants by slugs; however, information in island plant species (Campbell and present in the Alakai Swamp, which is the U.S. Army’s 2005 Status Report for Atkinson 1999, as cited in Atkinson and within the montane wet ecosystem the Makua Implementation Plan Atkinson 2000, p. 24). Rats impact the (Tweed et al. 2006, p. 753). Cats are indicates that slugs can be a threat to all native plants by eating fleshy fruits, believed to prey on roosting or species of Cyanea (U.S. Army Garrison seeds, flowers, stems, leaves, roots, and incubating akekee and akikiki adults, 2005, p. 3-51). Research investigating other plant parts (Atkinson and nests, and young (VanderWerf and slug herbivory and control methods Atkinson 2000, p. 23). In the Hawaiian Smith 2002, p. 73; Scott et al. 1986, pp. shows that slug impacts on Cyanea Islands, rats may consume as much as 363-364). Though cats are most common seedlings results in up to 70 to 80 90 percent of the seeds produced by at lower elevations, they have been percent seedling mortality (U.S. Army some trees, or in some cases prevent the observed in high-elevation rain forests Garrison 2005, p. 3-51). Although we do regeneration of forest species on Hawaii and Maui (Scott et al. 1986, not have direct evidence of slug completely (Cuddihy and Stone 1990, p. 363). On Hawaii Island, native forest predation on the 4 species of Cyanea pp. 68-69). Plants with large, fleshy birds have been found to be a regular addressed in this rule, slugs are found fruits are particularly susceptible to rat component in the diets of feral cats in in the ecosystems on Kauai in which predation including several of the plant the montane wet forest (Smucker et al. these plants occur. It is therefore genera proposed for listing here, for 2000, p. 233). Examination of the reasonable to assume these plant species example the fruits of Pritchardia spp., stomach contents of 118 feral cats at would be exposed to similar impacts and plants in the bellflower (e.g., Hakalau forest found native and from slug predation. Cyanea spp.), and African violet (e.g., introduced birds to be the most common The black twig borer (Xylosandrus Cyrtandra spp.) families (Cuddihy and prey item (Banko et al. 2004, p. 162). In compactus) is known to infest a wide

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00024 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62615

variety of common plant taxa, including and parasites have been purposefully encompassing the D. attigua population native species of Melicope (Davis 1970, imported and released in Hawaii since sites in the montane mesic and montane p. 39; Extension Entomology and UH- 1865 for biological control of pests. wet ecosystems on Kauai (Sci!ence CTAHR Integrated Pest Management Between 1890 and 2004, 387 nonnative Panel 2005, p. 12). Program 2006a, p. 1). This insect pest species were introduced, sometimes The rarity or disappearance of burrows into branches, introduces a with the specific intent of reducing numerous picture-wing fly species, pathogenic fungus as food for its larvae, populations of native Hawaiian insects including Drosophila attigua, from and lays its eggs (Davis 1970, p. 39). (Funasaki et al. 1988, pp. 109-110, 143; historical observation sites over the past Twigs, branches, and even entire plants Lai 1988, pp. 180, 186; Staples and 25 years may be due to a variety of can be killed from an infestation Cowie 2001, pp. 41, 54-57). Nonnative factors. While there is no (Extension Entomology and UH-CTAHR arthropods pose a serious threat to documentation that conclusively ties Integrated Pest Management Program Hawaii’s native Drosophila, both this decrease in observations to the 2006a, p. 2). On the Hawaiian Islands, through direct predation or parasitism establishment of yellow-jacket wasps the black twig borer has many hosts, as well as competition for food and within their habitats, the concurrent disperses easily, and is probably present space (Howarth and Medeiros 1989, pp. arrival of wasps and decline of picture- at most elevations up to 2,500 ft (762 m) 82-83; Howarth and Ramsay 1991, pp. wing fly observations in some areas (Howarth 1985, pp. 152-153). Damage 80-83; Kaneshiro and Kaneshiro 1995, suggest that the wasps may have played caused by the black twig borer has been pp. 41-45; Staples and Cowie 2001, pp. a significant role in the decline of some observed by field biologists on 41, 54-57). picture-wing fly populations, including Canavalia napaliensis, Charpentiera Due to their large colony sizes and that of D. attigua (Foote and Carson densiflora, Melicope degeneri, M. systematic foraging habits, species of 1995, p. 370; Kaneshiro and Kaneshiro paniculata, and M. puberula (HBMP social Hymenoptera (ants and some 1995, p. 41-45; Science Panel 2005, p. 2006). wasps) and parasitic wasps pose a 25). The two-spotted leafhopper is a threat predation threat to the Hawaiian Summary of Predation as the effects of its predation have been picture-wing flies, including D. attigua observed on four plant species included We consider predation and parasitism (Gambino et al. 1987, p. 170; Foote and in this proposed rule: Chamaesyce by nonnative animal species (pigs, Carson 1995, p. 370; Kaneshiro and remyi var. remyi (K. Wood, pers. comm. goats, deer, rats, cats, owls, and Kaneshiro 1995, p. 12). Hawaiian 2000), Cyanea kuhihewa (Wood 2004), invertebrates) to pose an immediate and Platydesma rostrata (HBMP 2007), and arthropods, including D. attigua, significant threat to 36 of the 48 species Psychotria hobdyi (HBMP 2006). This evolved without the predation influence in this proposed rule throughout their nonnative insect damages the leaves it of social wasps (Kaneshiro and ranges for the following reasons: (1) feeds on, typically causing chlorosis Kaneshiro 1995, pp. 41-45), and Observations and reports have (yellowing due to disrupted chlorophyll therefore have no defenses against such documented pigs, goats, and deer production) to browning and death of predation. In 1977, an aggressive race of browsing and trampling of 26 of the foliage (Hawaii Department of the western yellow-jacket wasp became plant species, in addition to other Agriculture 2006, p. 1). The damage to established in the State of Hawaii, and studies demonstrating the negative plants can result in the death of affected is now abundant between 1,969 and impacts of ungulate browsing and leaves or the whole plant, owing to the 5,000 ft (600 and 1,524 m) in elevation trampling on native plant species of the combined action of its feeding and (Gambino et al. 1990, p. 1,087; Foote islands (Spatz and Mueller-Dombois oviposition behavior (Alyokhin et al. and Carson 1995, p. 370) on all the main 1973, p. 874; Diong 1982, p. 160; 2004, p. 13). In addition to the islands (Tenorio and Nishida 1995, p. Cuddihy and Stone 1990, p. 67); (2) mechanical damage caused by the 174). Drosophila attigua is present nonnative invertebrates and rats cause feeding process, the insect may within the elevation range occupied by mechanical damage to plants and introduce plant pathogens that lead to the yellow-jacket wasps. Yellow-jacket destruction of plant parts (branches, eventual plant death (Extension wasps are voracious predators in most fruits, seeds) to 22 of the 45 plant Entomology and UH-CTAHR Integrated ecosystems in which they are found. species in this proposed rule; (3) Pest Management Program 2006b, p. 2). Compared with typical North American nonnative invertebrates such as yellow- The two-spotted leafhopper is a highly populations, yellow-jackets in Hawaii jacket wasps prey upon, parasitize, and polyphagous insect, and of its recorded display a high incidence of colonies that kill Drosophila attigua; and (4) rats, host plant species 68 percent are fruit, overwinter and persist into at least a owls, and cats are likely predators on vegetable and ornamental crops, and 22 second year. The result is that numbers roosting or incubating adults, nests, and percent are endemic plants, over half of of workers at such colonies are much young of the akekee and akikiki (See which are rare and endangered greater than at annual colonies Table 2). (Alyokhin et al. 2004, p. 13). Its range (Gambino et al. 1987, p. 169). Yellow- D. The Inadequacy of Existing is limited to below 4,000 ft (1,219 m) in jacket colonies in Hawaii can each Regulatory Mechanisms elevation, unless there is a favorable produce over a half-million foragers that microclimate. There has been a dramatic consume tens of millions of arthropods Currently, there are no Federal, State, reduction in the two-spotted leafhopper (Gambino and Loope 1992, p. 19). or local laws, treaties, or regulations that populations in the past few years, Picture-wing flies may be particularly specifically conserve or protect the 48 possibly due to egg parasitism (M. vulnerable to predation by wasps due to species from the threats described in Fukada, pers. comm. 2007). their lekking (gathering in groups for this proposed rule. The Migratory Bird Nonnative predatory and parasitic breeding) behavior, conspicuous Treaty Act (MBTA) (16 U.S.C. 703-712) insects are considered significant factors courtship displays that can last for is the domestic law that implements the contributing to the reduction in range several minutes, and relatively large size United States’ commitment to four and abundance of Drosophila attigua (K. Kaneshiro, University of Hawaii at international conventions (with Canada, (Science Panel 2005, p. 25). In addition Manoa, pers. comm. 2006). Yellow- Japan, Mexico, and Russia) for the to the accidental establishment of jacket wasps are widespread within at protection of shared migratory bird nonnative species, nonnative predators least a portion of the range resources. Each of the conventions

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00025 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 62616 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

protects selected species of birds; increased likelihood of stochastic individuals (Wagner et al. 1994, p. 187; however, the MBTA does not provide extinction due to changes in K. Wood, pers. comm. 1995; Marr and protection for any Hawaiian demography, the environment, genetics, Bohm 1997, pp. 270-271; S. Perlman, honeycreepers (Drepanidianae), or other factors (Gilpin and Soule´ 1986, pers. comm. 2003b; Baldwin and Carr including the two species being pp. 24-34). 2005, p. 261; S. Perlman, in litt. 2006 addressed in this proposed rule (akikiki Small, isolated populations often and 2007). and akekee) (71 FR 50205, August 24, exhibit reduced levels of genetic • Diellia mannii and Dubautia 2006). variability, which diminishes the kenwoodii are each known from only species’ capacity to adapt and respond one individual in the wild (Carr 1998, E. Other Natural or Manmade Factors to environmental changes, thereby p. 8; HBMP 2007). Affecting Their Continued Existence lessening the probability of long-term • At least four species, Cyanea persistence (e.g., Barrett and Kohn 1991, eleeleensis, C. kolekoleensis, C. Competition with Nonnative p. 4; Newman and Pilson 1997, p. 361). kuhihewa, and Lysimachia venosa, are Invertebrates The problems associated with small not known to persist in the wild. Of Competition by nonnative crane-flies population size and vulnerability to these, Cyanea eleeleensis, C. (family Tipulidae) is a threat to random demographic fluctuations or kolekoleensis, and Lysimachia venosa Drosophila attigua in the montane natural catastrophes are further are not in storage or propagation, but mesic and montane wet ecosystems on magnified by synergistic interactions individuals familiar with these species Kauai. The Hawaiian Islands now with other threats, such as those believe they may possibly remain extant support several established species of discussed above (Factors A–C). and that much of their suitable habitat nonnative crane-flies, and the larvae of Very small plant populations may (lowland wet and wet cliff) on Kauai some species feed within the experience reduced reproductive vigor remains to be surveyed (Wood 2006, p. decomposing bark of Cheirodendron due to ineffective pollination or 11; S. Perlman, in litt. 2007; S. Perlman inbreeding depression. This is and K. Wood, pers. comm. 2007). spp. (Science Panel 2005, p. 18; K. • Magnacca, pers. comm. 2005; S. particularly true for dioecious species, Cyanea kuhihewa is found only in Montgomery, pers. comm. 2005a). These such as Melicope degeneri and Myrsine cultivation (D. Burney, NTBG, pers. tipulid larvae feed within the same mezii in this proposal, in which comm. 2006; N. Sugii, pers. comm. staminate (male) and pistillate (female) portion of the decomposing host plant 2006a; V. Pence, pers. comm. 2007) and flowers occur on separate individuals. area normally occupied by D. attigua is threatened by reduced reproductive Isolated individuals have difficulty larvae during their development. The vigor as well as vulnerability to achieving natural pollen exchange, effect of this competition is a reduction extinction due to a single catastrophic which decreases the production of in available host plant material for D. event at either of the facilities that are viable seed. Populations are also attigua larvae (Science Panel 2005, p. propagating this species. impacted by demographic stochasticity, 18). There have been no statistical Summary of Other Natural or through which populations are skewed studies conducted on tipulid larvae Manmade Factors Affecting Their toward either male or female competition in Hawaii, but it is thought Continued Existence individuals by chance. the issue is severe based on many The following 25 plant species in this The threat to Drosophila attigua from observations of very high numbers of proposal are threatened by the effects of nonnative tipulid flies is immediate and tipulid flies present within the host small population size (fewer than 50 significant because the larvae of plants of several species of Hawaiian individuals): Astelia waialealae, nonnative tipulid flies feed on the same Drosophila (S. Montgomery, pers. Chamaesyce eleanoriae, Cyanea host plants occupied by the larvae of comm. 2008). In laboratory studies, dolichopoda, C. eleeleensis, C. Drosophila attigua, and the effect of this Grimaldi and Jaenike (1984) kolekoleensis, C. kuhihewa, Cyrtandra competition is a reduction in available demonstrated that competition between paliku, Diellia mannii, Doryopteris host plant material for D. attigua larvae. Drosophila larvae and other fly larvae angelica, Dryopteris crinalis var. This threat occurs throughout the range can exhaust food resources, which podosorus, Dubautia kalalauensis, D. of D. attigua. Laboratory studies have affects both the probability of larval kenwoodii, D. waialealae, Lysimachia shown that competition between survival and the body size of adults, iniki, L. pendens, L. scopulensis, L. Drosophila larvae and other fly larvae resulting in reduced adult fitness, venosa, Melicope degeneri, Myrsine can exhaust food resources, which fecundity, and lifespan. knudsenii, M. mezii, Phyllostegia affects both the probability of larval Small Number of Populations and renovans, Psychotria grandiflora, survival and the body size of adults, Individuals Schiedea attenuata, Tetraplasandra resulting in reduced adult fitness, bisattenuata, and T. flynnii. We fecundity, and lifespan. Species that are endemic to single consider these species threatened by We consider the threat to at least 25 islands are inherently more vulnerable small population size because: plant species in this proposal from to extinction than widespread species • No viable seeds or reproduction limited numbers of populations and few because of the increased risk of genetic have been observed in Astelia (less than 50) individuals is significant bottlenecks, random demographic waialealae, Melicope degeneri, and and immediate for the following fluctuations, climate change, and Psychotria grandiflora. reasons: (1) These species may localized catastrophes such as • Only five individuals of Myrsine experience reduced reproductive vigor hurricanes and disease outbreaks mezii are known, and this number has due to ineffective pollination or (Mangel and Tier 1994, p. 607; Pimm et not changed over 10 years (N. Tangalin, inbreeding depression; (2) they may al. 1998, p. 757). These problems are in litt. 2007b). experience reduced levels of genetic further magnified when populations are • Cyrtandra paliku, Dubautia variability leading to diminished few and restricted to a very small kalalauensis, Lysimachia iniki, capacity to adapt and respond to geographic area, and when the number Schiedea attenuata, and Tetraplasandra environmental changes, thereby of individuals is very small. Populations flynnii are known only from a single lessening the probability of long-term with these characteristics face an population with fewer than 50 persistence; and (3) a single catastrophic

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00026 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62617

event may result in extinction of the Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi, necessary to bring an endangered or species. This threat applies to the entire Charpentiera densiflora, Cyanea threatened species to the point at which range of each species. dolichopoda, Cyanea eleeleensis, the measures provided under the Act Cyanea kolekoleensis, Cyanea are no longer necessary. Proposed Listing Determination kuhihewa, Cyrtandra oenobarba, Critical habitat receives protection We have carefully assessed the best Cyrtandra paliku, Diellia mannii, under section 7 of the Act through the scientific and commercial information Doryopteris angelica, Dryopteris crinalis prohibition against Federal agencies available regarding threats to each of the var. podosorus, Dubautia imbricata ssp. carrying out, funding, or authorizing the 48 Kauai species. We find that all of imbricata, Dubautia kalalauensis, destruction or adverse modification of these species face immediate and Dubautia kenwoodii, Dubautia critical habitat. Section 7(a)(2) of the Act significant threats throughout their plantaginea ssp. magnifolia, Dubautia requires consultation on Federal actions ranges from the present destruction and waialealae, Geranium kauaiense, that may affect critical habitat. The modification of their habitats, primarily Keysseria erici, Keysseria helenae, designation of critical habitat does not from feral ungulates and nonnative Labordia helleri, Labordia pumila, affect land ownership or establish a plants, and from the threatened Lysimachia daphnoides, Lysimachia refuge, wilderness, reserve, preserve, or destruction and modification of their iniki, Lysimachia pendens, Lysimachia other conservation area. Such habitats from hurricanes (compounded scopulens, Lysimachia venosa, Melicope designation does not allow the because of their small population sizes degeneri, Melicope paniculata, Melicope government or public to access private and limited distribution), landslides, puberula, Myrsine knudsenii, Myrsine lands. Such designation does not and flooding. In addition, we are mezii, Phyllostegia renovans, require implementation of restoration, concerned about the effects of projected Pittosporum napaliense, Platydesma recovery, or enhancement measures by climate change, particularly rising rostrata, Pritchardia hardyi, Psychotria the landowner. Where a landowner temperatures and consequent increased grandiflora, Psychotria hobdyi, seeks or requests Federal agency likelihood of malarial transmission, but Schiedea attenuata, Stenogyne kealiae, funding or authorization that may affect recognize there is limited information Tetraplasandra bisattenu!ata, and a listed species or critical habitat, the on the exact nature of impacts from Tetraplasandra flynii; the birds, akekee consultation requirements of section climate change (Factor A). There is also (Loxops caeruleirostris) and akikiki 7(a)(2) would apply, but even in the immediate and significant threat of (Oreomystis bairdi); and the insect event of a destruction or adverse disease or predation, including avian Drosophila attigua. modification finding, the landowner’s diseases such as malaria that impact the Under the Act and our implementing obligation is not to restore or recover the akikiki and akekee; widespread impacts regulations, a species may warrant species, but to implement reasonable of predation and herbivory on 36 of the listing if it is threatened or endangered and prudent alternatives to avoid species by nonnative pigs, goats, deer, throughout all or a significant portion of destruction or adverse modification of rats, cats, owls, and invertebrates its range. Each of the 48 endemic Kauai critical habitat. (Factor C); the threat of extinction due species proposed for listing in this rule For inclusion in a critical habitat to factors associated with small numbers is highly restricted in its range, and the designation, habitat within the of populations and individuals; and threats occur throughout its range. geographical area occupied by the competition from introduced tipulid Therefore, we assessed the status of species at the time of listing must flies for Drosophila attigua (Factor E) each species throughout its entire range. contain the physical and biological (see Table 2). In addition, the palm In each case, the threats to the survival features (we also refer to these as Pritchardia hardyi is threatened by of these species occur throughout the primary constituent elements, or PCEs) overcollection (Factor B). These threats species’ range and are not restricted to that are essential to the conservation of are exacerbated by the species’ inherent any particular portion of that range. the species, and be included only if vulnerability to extinction from Accordingly, our assessment and those features may require special stochastic events at any time because of proposed determination applies to each management considerations or their endemism, small numbers of species throughout its entire range. protection. Critical habitat designations individuals and populations, and identify, to the extent known using the restricted habitats. Critical Habitat best scientific data available, habitat The Act defines an endangered Critical habitat is defined in section 3 areas containing the PCEs laid out in the species as any species that is ‘‘in danger of the Act as: appropriate quantity and spatial of extinction throughout all or a (1) The specific areas within the arrangement that is essential to the significant portion of its range’’ and a geographical area occupied by a species, conservation of the species. Un!der threatened species as any species ‘‘that at the time it is listed in accordance theAct, we can designate critical habitat is likely to become endangered with the Act, on which are found those in areas outside the geographical area throughout all or a significant portion of physical or biological features occupied by the species at the time it is its range within the foreseeable future.’’ (a) essential to the conservation of the listed only when we determine that We find that each of these endemic species and those areas are essential for the species is presently in danger of (b) which may require special conservation of the species. extinction throughout its entire range, management considerations or Section 4 of the Act requires that we based on the immediacy, severity, and protection; and designate critical habitat on the basis of scope of the threats described above. (2) specific areas outside the the best scientific and commercial data Therefore, on the basis of the best geographical area occupied by a species available. Further, our Policy on available scientific and commercial at the time it is listed, upon a Information Standards Under the information, we propose listing the determination that such areas are Endangered Species Act (published in following 48 species as endangered in essential for the conservation of the the Federal Register on July 1, 1994 (59 accordance with section 3(6) of the Act: species. FR 34271)), the Information Quality Act the plants Astelia waialealae, Canavalia Conservation, as defined under (section 515 of the Treasury and General napaliensis, Chamaesyce eleanoriae, section 3 of the Act, means the use of Government Appropriations Act for Chamaesyce remyi var. kauaiensis, all methods and procedures that are Fiscal Year 2001 (Pub. L. 106-554; H.R.

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00027 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 62618 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

5658)), and our associated Information Section 4(a)(3) of the Act, as and conservation decisions by Quality Guidelines, provide criteria, amended, and our implementing identifying any additional physical and establish procedures, and provide regulations (50 CFR 424.12) require that, biological features of the ecosystem that guidance to ensure that our decisions to the maximum extent prudent and may be essential for the conservation of are based on the best scientific data determinable, the Secretary designate certain species, such as the availability available. They require our biologists, to critical habitat at the time a species is of sufficient arthropod prey for the the extent consistent with the Act and determined to be endangered or akikiki and akekee, or hummocks in bog with the use of the best scientific data threatened. Service regulations (50 CFR systems for Astelia waialeale. We available, to use primary and original 424.12(a)(1)) state that designation of therefore find that designation of critical sources of information as the basis for critical habitat is not prudent when one habitat is prudent for the following 47 recommendations to designate critical or both of the following situations exist: Kauai species, as critical habitat would habitat. (1) The species is threatened by taking be beneficial and there is no evidence When we are determining which areas or other human activity, and that the designation of critical habitat should be proposed as critical habitat, identification of critical habitat can be would result in an increased threat from our primary source of information is expected to increase the degree of threat taking or other human activity for these generally the information developed to the species, or (2) such designation of species: (1) Plants—Astelia waialealae, during the listing process for the critical habitat would not be beneficial Canavalia napaliensis, Chamaesyce species. Additional information sources to the species. eleanoriae, Chamaesyce remyi var. include the recovery plan for the In considering the designation of kauaiensis, Chamaesyce remyi var. species, if available; articles in peer- critical habitat for each of the 48 Kauai remyi, Charpentiera densiflora, Cyanea reviewed journals; conservation plans species, we have determined that there dolichopoda, Cyanea eleeleensis, developed by States and counties; is one species, the palm Pritchardia Cyanea kolekoleensis, Cyanea scientific status surveys and studies; hardyi, for which the designation of kuhihewa, Cyrtandra oenobarba, biological assessments; or other critical habitat is not prudent. Rare palm Cyrtandra paliku, Diellia mannii, unpublished materials and expert trees are highly desirable to collectors, Doryopteris angelica, Dryopteris crinalis opinion or personal knowledge. and there is an active market for the var. podosorus, Dubautia imbricata ssp. seeds and seedlings of rare palms, Habitat is often dynamic, and species imbricata, Dubautia kalalauensis, including those of P. hardyi, through may move from one area to another over Dubautia kenwoodii, Dubautia internet sales and online auctions time. Furthermore, we recognize that plantaginea ssp. magnifolia, Dubautia (GardenGuides.com 2007; critical habitat designated at a particular waialealae, Geranium kauaiense, Rarepalmseeds.com 2007; South Coast point in time may not include all of the Keysseria erici, Keysseria helenae, Palms 2007; Kapoho Palms 2007; J.D. habitat areas that we may later Labordia helleri, Labordia pumila, Anderson Nursery 2007; Jungle Music determine to be necessary for the Lysimachia daphnoides, Lysimachia Palms and Cycads 2007; Tropical recovery of the species, as additional iniki, Lysimachia pendens, Lysimachia Gardens of Maui 2007). Seeds of P. scopulensis, Lysimachia venosa, scientific information may become hardyi have been stolen from an available in the future. For these Melicope degeneri, Melicope outplanting site in the past (R. Nishek, pani!culata, Melicope puberula, reasons, a critical habitat designation pers. comm. 2007), and we have does not signal that habitat outside the Myrsine knudsenii, Myrsine mezii, evidence of vandalism and illegal Phyllostegia renovans, Pittosporum designated area is unimportant or may collection of other species of napaliense, Platydesma rostrata, not be required for recovery of the endangered Pritchardia palms on Kauai Psychotria grandiflora, Psychotria species. (Johnson 1996, pp. 16-17; A. Kyono, hobdyi, Schiedea attenuata, Stenogyne Areas that support populations, but pers. comm. 2000; R. Nishek, pers. kealiae, Tetraplasandra bisattenuata, are outside the critical habitat comm. 2007). The designation of critical and Tetraplasandra flynii; (2) designation, will be subject to habitat for P. hardyi would require us to Animals—akekee, akikiki, and conservation actions implemented by identify the geographic areas where the Drosophila attigua. the Service and other Federal agencies species occurs, thereby increasing the under section 7(a)(1) of the Act. They species’ vulnerability to further Methods are also subject to the regulatory unauthorized and illegal collection. protections afforded by the section Collecting and vandalism is identified As required by section 4(b) of the Act, 7(a)(2) jeopardy standard, as determined as a threat specific to P. hardyi in our we used the best scientific data on the basis of the best available threats analysis. As the designation of available in determining those areas that scientific information at the time of the critical habitat for this species would contain the physical and biological agency action. Federally funded or exacerbate this ongoing threat, we features essential to the conservation of permitted projects affecting listed determine that the designation of the 47 species proposed for listing in species outside their designated critical critical habitat for P. hardyi is not this rule, and for which designation of habitat areas may require consultation prudent in accordance with the Act and critical habitat is considered prudent, by under section 7 of the Act and may still its implementing regulations. identifying the occurrence data for each result in jeopardy findings in some With the exception of Pritchardia species and determining the ecosystems cases. Similarly, critical habitat hardyi, we find that the designation of upon which they depend. This designations made on the basis of the critical habitat for each of the other 47 information was developed by using: best available information at the time of species addressed in this rule will • The known locations of the 47 designation will not control the benefit them by serving to focus species, including site-specific species direction and substance of future conservation efforts on the restoration information from the Hawaii recovery plans, habitat conservation and maintenance of ecosystem functions Biodiversity and Mapping Program plans (HCPs), or other species that are essential for attaining their (HBMP) database (HBMP 2007) and our conservation planning efforts if any new recovery and long-term viability. In own rare plant database; information available to these planning addition, the designation of critical • Species information from the plant efforts calls for a different outcome. habitat serves to inform management database housed at NTBG;

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00028 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62619

• The Nature Conservancy’s (2) Food, water, air, light, minerals, or host plants in the case of the picture- Ecoregional Assessment of the Hawaiian other nutritional or physiological wing fly; and in all cases, space within High Islands (2006), and ecosystem requirements; the appropriate habitats for population maps (2007); (3) Cover or shelter; growth and expansion, as well as to • Color mosaic 1:19,000 scale digital (4) Sites for breeding, reproduction, maintain the historical geographical and aerial photographs for the Hawaiian rearing (or development) of offspring, ecological distribution of each species. Islands (April to May 2005); germination, or seed dispersal; and In many cases, due to our limited • Island-wide Geographic Information generally; knowledge of the specific life-history System (GIS) coverage, e.g., Gap (5) Habitats that are protected from requirements for these species that are Analysis Program (GAP) vegetation data disturbance or are representative of the little-studied and occur in remote and/ 2005; historical geographical and ecological • 1:24,000 scale digital raster graphics distributions of a species. or inaccessible areas, the more general of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) As required by 50 CFR 424.12(b), we description of the physical and topographic quadrangles; are to list the known primary biological features that provide for the • Geospatial data sets associated with constituent elements (PCEs) with our successful function of the ecosystem parcel data from Kauai County (2005); description of critical habitat. The that is essential to the conservation of • Designated critical habitat for listed primary constituent elements provided the species represents the best, and in species on the island of Kauai (68 FR by the physical and biological features many cases, the only, scientific 9116, February 27, 2003); information available. Table 3 identifies • upon which the designation is based Recent biological surveys and may include, but are not limited to, the the PCEs of a functioning ecosystem for reports; and following: Roost sites, nesting grounds, each of the ecosystem types identified • Discussions with qualified spawning sites, feeding sites, seasonal in this proposed rule; these are termed individuals familiar with these species wetland or dryland, water quality or and ecosystems (HBMP 2007; TNCH ‘‘ecosystem-level PCEs,’’ and each quantity, host species or plant 2007; NTBG in litt. 2007). species identified in this rule requires Based upon all of this data, we pollinator, geological formation, the ecosystem-level PCEs for each determined that the 47 species vegetation type, tide, and specific soil ecosystem in which that species occurs, addressed in this proposed rule are all types. as noted in Table 4. The ec!osystem- In this proposal, we derived the PCEs found in or dependent upon one or level PCEs are defined here by for each of the 47 species primarily more of the six ecosystems described in elevation, annual levels of precipitation, this rule: lowland mesic (TNC 2006b), based on those physical and biological substrate type and slope, and the features that support the successful lowland wet (TNC 2006c), montane characteristic native plant genera that functioning of the ecosystem upon mesic (TNC 2006e), montane wet (TNC are found in the canopy, subcanopy, which that species depends. As each 2006f), dry cliff (TNC 2006a), and wet and understory levels of the vegetative cliff (TNC 2006d). species is dependent upon a functioning ecosystem to provide its fundamental community, where applicable. If further Primary Constituent Elements life requirements, such as a certain soil information is available indicating additional, specific life-history In accordance with section 3(5)(A)(i) type, minimum level of rainfall, or requirements for some species, PCEs and 4(b)(1)(A) of the Act and the conditions conducive to supporting the regulations at 50 CFR 424.12, in presence of a certain species of plant for relating to these requirements are determining which areas to propose as foraging or larval development, we described separately and are termed critical habitat, we consider the physical considered the physical and biological ‘‘species-specific PCEs,’’ which are also and biological features that are essential features of the ecosystems described in identified in Table 4. The PCEs for each to the conservation of the species to be this rule to be PCEs for each species. species are therefore composed of the the primary constituent elements laid The PCEs collectively provide the suite PCEs for the functioning of its out in the appropriate quantity and of environmental conditions within associated ecosystem(s) in combination spatial arrangement for conservation of each ecosystem essential to meeting the with additional species-specific the species. These physical and requirements of each species, including requirements, if any, as shown in Table biological features provide the essential the appropriate microclimatic 4. Note that the ecosystem-level PCEs life history requirements of the species conditions for germination and growth identified in Table 4 for each species are which may include, but are not limited of the plants (e.g., light availability, soil presented in detail in Table 3, thus both to, the following: nutrients, hydrologic regime, Table 3 and Table 4 must be read (1) Space for individual and temperature); habitat for shelter, together to fully describe all of the PCEs population growth, and for normal foraging, nesting, and raising young in for each species. behavior; the case of the akikiki and akekee; larval

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00029 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 62620 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

TABLE 3.—ECOSYSTEM-LEVEL PRIMARY CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS (PCES) FOR EACH SPECIES (READ IN ASSOCIATION WITH TABLE 4)

Primary Constituent Elements One or More of these Associated Native Plants (by Genus) Ecosystem Elevation Annual Precipita- Substrate tion Canopy Subcanopy Understory

Lowland Mesic1 < 3,000 ft 50-75 in shallow soils, lit- Acacia, Diospyros, Dodonaea, Carex, (<1,000 m) (127-190 cm) tle to no her- Metrosideros, Freycinetia, Dicranopteris, baceous layer Myrsine, Leptecophylla, Diplazium, Pouteria, Melanthera, Elaphoglossum, Santalum Osteomeles, Peperomia Pleomele Psydrax

Lowland Wet2 < 3,000 ft > 75 in clays, ashbeds, Antidesma, Cibotium, Alyxia, Cyrtandra, (<1,000 m) (> 190 cm) deep well- Metrosideros, Claoxylon, Dicranopteris, drained soils, Myrsine, Pisonia, Hedyotis, Diplazium, lowland bogs Psychotria Melicope Microlepia, Machaerina,

Montane Mesic3 3, 000 to 6,600 50-75 in weathered aa Acacia, Cheirodendron, Bidens, Dryopteris, ft (127-190cm) lava flows, Metrosideros, Coprosma, Leptecophylla, (1,000 to 2,000 rocky mucks, Psychotria, Hedyotis, Ilex, Poa, Scaevola, m) thin silty Tetraplasandra, Myoporum, Sophora loams, deep Zanthoxylum Myrsine volcanic ash soils

Montane Wet4 3, 000 to 6,600 > 75 in well-developed Acacia, Broussaisia, Ferns, Carex, ft (> 190 cm) soils, montane Charpentiera, Cibotium, Eurya, Coprosma, (1,000 to 2,000 bogs Cheirodendron, Ilex, Myrsine Leptecophylla, m) Metrosideros Oreobolus, Rhynchospora, Vaccinium

Dry Cliff5 unrestricted < 75 in > 65 degree none Antidesma, Bidens, Eragrostis, (< 190 cm) slope, rocky Chamaesyce, Melanthera, talus Diospyros, Schiedea Dodonaea,

Wet Cliff6 unrestricted > 75 in > 65 degree none Broussaisia, Ferns, Bryophytes, (> 190 cm) slope, shallow Cheirodendron, Coprosma, soils, weath- Leptecophylla, Dubautia, ered lava Metrosideros Hedyotis, Peperomia 1 The PCEs for species in the lowland mesic ecosystem apply to the following critical habitat units: Kauai – Lowland Mesic Units 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5. 2 The PCEs for species in the lowland wet ecosystem apply to the following critical habitat units: Kauai – Lowland Wet Units 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. 2 The PCEs for species in the lowland wet ecosystem apply to the following critical habitat units: Kauai – Lowland Wet Units 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. 3 The PCEs for species in the montane mesic ecosystem apply to the following critical habitat units: Kauai – Montane Mesic Units 1, 2, and 3. 3 The PCEs for species in the montane mesic ecosystem apply to the following critical habitat units: Kauai – Montane Mesic Units 1, 2, and 3. 4 The PCEs for species in the montane wet ecosystem apply to the following critical habitat units: Kauai – Montane Wet Units 1, 2, and 3. 5 The PCEs for species in the dry cliff ecosystem apply to the following critical habitat units: Kauai – Dry Cliff Units 1 and 2. 6 The PCEs for species in the wet cliff ecosystem apply to the following critical habitat units: Kauai – Wet Cliff Units 1, 2, and 3.

TABLE 4.— PRIMARY CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS FOR THE KAUAI SPECIES ARE A COMBINATION OF THE ECOSYSTEM-LEVEL PCES (SEE TABLE 3) FOR THE APPLICABLE ECOSYSTEM(S) AS WELL AS SPE- CIES-SPECIFIC PCES, IF ANY ARE IDENTIFIED

Ecosystem-level PCEs Species Lowland Lowland Montane Montane Species-specific PCEs Mesic Wet Mesic Wet Dry Cliff Wet Cliff

Plants

Astelia waialealae X Hummocks in bogs

Canavalia napaliensis X

Chamaesyce eleanoriae X X

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00030 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62621

TABLE 4.— PRIMARY CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS FOR THE KAUAI SPECIES ARE A COMBINATION OF THE ECOSYSTEM-LEVEL PCES (SEE TABLE 3) FOR THE APPLICABLE ECOSYSTEM(S) AS WELL AS SPE- CIES-SPECIFIC PCES, IF ANY ARE IDENTIFIED—Continued

Ecosystem-level PCEs Species Lowland Lowland Montane Montane Species-specific PCEs Mesic Wet Mesic Wet Dry Cliff Wet Cliff

Chamaesyce remyi var. X X kauaiensis

Chamaesyce remyi var. X X X X X remyi

Charpentiera densiflora X X

Cyanea dolichopoda X

Cyanea eleeleensis X

Cyanea kolekoleensis X

Cyanea kuhihewa X

Cyrtandra oenobarba X X

Cyrtandra paliku X

Diellia mannii X

Doryopteris angelica X

Dryopteris crinalis var. X podosorus

Dubautia imbricata ssp. X imbricata

Dubautia kalalauensis X

Dubautia kenwoodii X

Dubautia plantaginea ssp. X magnifolia

Dubautia waialealae X bogs

Geranium kauaiense X bogs

Keysseria erici X bogs

Keysseria helenae X bogs

Labordia helleri X X X X

Labordia pumila X bogs

Lysimachia daphnoides X bogs

Lysimachia iniki X

Lysimachia pendens X

Lysimachia scopulensis X

Lysimachia venosa X

Melicope degeneri X

Melicope paniculata X

Melicope puberula X X

Myrsine knudsenii X

Myrsine mezii X X

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00031 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 62622 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

TABLE 4.— PRIMARY CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS FOR THE KAUAI SPECIES ARE A COMBINATION OF THE ECOSYSTEM-LEVEL PCES (SEE TABLE 3) FOR THE APPLICABLE ECOSYSTEM(S) AS WELL AS SPE- CIES-SPECIFIC PCES, IF ANY ARE IDENTIFIED—Continued

Ecosystem-level PCEs Species Lowland Lowland Montane Montane Species-specific PCEs Mesic Wet Mesic Wet Dry Cliff Wet Cliff

Phyllostegia renovans X X

Pittosporum napaliense X

Platydesma rostrata X X X X X

Psychotria grandiflora X X

Psychotria hobdyi X

Schiedea attenuata X

Stenogyne kealiae X X X

Tetraplasandra X X bisattenuata

Tetraplasandra flynnii X X

Animals

Akekee X X arthropod prey

Akikiki X arthropod prey

Drosophila attigua X X larval host plants Cheirodendron sp.

Some of the species addressed in this threats, such as increasing numbers of ecosystem-level PCEs for the wet cliff proposed rule occur in more than one nonnative plant competitors, indicates ecosystem describe the PCEs for C. ecosystem. The PCEs for these species that these species are not such broad dolichopoda in their entirety. As are described separately for each habitat generalists as to be able to another example, Table 4 tells us that ecosystem in which they occur. The persist in highly altered habitats. To the the PCEs for the picture-wing fly reasoning behind this approach is that best of our knowledge, functioning Drosophila attigua include the each species requires a different suite of native ecosystems provide the ecosystem-level PCEs for the montane environmental conditions depending fundamental biological requirements for mesic and montane wet ecosystems, and upon the ecosystem in which it occurs. all of these species. also that this species has an additional For example, an individual plant of the Some examples may help to clarify species-specific PCE, the presence of species Stenogyne kealiae will require a our approach to describing the PCEs for larval host plants in the genus different level of annual precipitation, each individual species. If we want to Cheirodendron. The PCEs for D. attigua will occur on different soils and slopes, determine the PCEs for the plant Cyanea are thus composed of the PCEs for each and will grow in association with dolichopoda, we look at Table 4 and see of the two ecosystems it occupies, as different native plant species when it is that the PCEs for C. dolichopoda are described in Table 3 for the montane growing in the dry cliff ecosystem as provided by the ecosystem-level PCEs mesic and montane wet ecosystems, as opposed to the lowland wet and for the wet cliff ecosystem. Referring well as the larval host plant montane mesic ecosystems in which it back to Table 3 tells us that the PCEs for Cheirodendron. Table 4 is read in a also is found. All of the primary the wet cliff ecosystem include no similar fashion in conjunction with constituent elements as described for restrictions on elevation; annual Table 3 to describe the PCEs for each of each ecosystem in which the species precipitation greater than 75 inches; the 47 species for which we are occurs are essential to the conservation shallow soils or weathered lava at proposing to designate critical habitat in of the species to retain its geographical greater than 65 degrees slope; no canopy this proposed rule. and ecological distribution across the vegetation; a subcanopy that includes different ecosystem types in which it native plants in the genera Broussaisia, Criteria Used to Identify Critical may occur, and to retain the genetic Cheirodendron, Leptecophylla, and Habitat Boundaries representation that allows this species Metrosideros; and an understory of We considered several factors in the to successfully adapt to different native plants including ferns, selection and proposal of specific environmental conditions in various bryophytes, and representatives of the boundaries for critical habitat for these native ecosystems. It should be noted genera Coprosma, Dubautia, Hedyotis, 47 species. We propose to designate that, although these species are flexible and Peperomia. As there are no species- critical habitat on lands that contain the enough to occur in multiple native specific PCEs identified for C. physical and biological features ecosystems, the declining abundance of dolichopoda, and this plant is found essential to conserving multiple species, these species in the face of ongoing only in the wet cliff ecosystem, the based on their shared dependence on

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00032 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62623

the functioning ecosystems they have in individuals, and reduced geographic five ecosystem types, only a total of common. Because each of the six range of each of the 47 species for which approximately 100 individuals comprise ecosystems addressed in this rule does critical habitat is proposed here, we this entire distribution. The unoccupied not form a single contiguous area, the have determined that a designation areas of each unit are essential for the ecosystems are divided into geographic limited to the known present range of expansion of this species to achieve subunits that we refer to as ‘‘sections.’’ each species would be inadequate to viable population numbers and The 6 ecosystem areas are divided into achieve the conservation of those maintain its historical geographical and a total of 22 separate geographic species. The areas believed to be ecological distribution. sections. Although we do not usually unoccupied have been determined to be The current and historical species refer to areas of critical habitat as essential for the conservation and location information was used to sections, compliance with Federal recovery of the species because they develop initial critical habitat Register publication requirements provide the physical and biological boundaries (polygons) in each of the 6 necessitated the subdivision of the features necessary for the expansion of ecosystems that would individually and ecosystem areas presented here into existing wild populations and collectively provide for the conservation smaller subunits to correspond with reestablishment of wild populations of the 47 species addressed in this existing critical habitat units currently within the historical range of the proposed rule. The initial polygons published in the Code of Federal species. For four of the plant species, were superimposed over digital Regulations (CFR), since much of the Cyanea eleeleensis, Cyanea topographic maps of the island of Kauai proposed critical habitat for the plant kolekoleensis, Cyanea kuhihewa, and and further evaluated. We also species overlies critical habitat already Lysimachia venosa, we are proposing to considered the correlation of these areas designated for other plants on the island designate unoccupied areas only, since with areas already designated as critical of Kauai. We thus refer to ecosystem these species are not believed to be habitat for other listed species. Land ‘‘sections’’ here in order to retain the extant in the wild and thus unoccupied areas that were identified as highly focus on the contiguous ecosystem areas areas are essential for their recovery. degraded were removed from the of interest in this proposed rule, while Critical habitat boundaries were proposed critical habitat units, and recognizing that from a legal standpoint, delineated to clearly depict and promote natural or manmade features (e.g., ridge multiple critical habitat units may the recovery and conservation of these lines, valleys, streams, coastlines, roads, comprise these sections. Further details species by protecting the functioning obvious land features, etc.) were used to are provided under the section titled ecosystems on which they depend. delineate the proposed critical habitat ‘‘Proposed Critical Habitat Designation,’’ In some cases, we have identified boundaries. below. areas of critical habitat for species in The critical habitat areas described The proposed critical habitat is a multiple ecosystems. With the below constitute our best assessment of combination of areas currently occupied exception of the four species described the physical and biological features by the species in that ecosystem, as well above that are no longer known to be essential for the recovery and as areas that may be currently extant in the wild, all of the critical conserva!tion ofthe 47 species and unoccupied. Due to the extremely habitat units in these ecosystems habitat that is essential to the remote and inaccessible nature of the contain some areas that are occupied by conservation of the species for area, surveys are relatively infrequent the species and some areas that are population expansion. The approximate and may be limited in scope; therefore currently unoccupied, but have been size of each of the 22 critical habitat it is difficult to say with certainty determined to be essential for the ecosystem sections and the status of whether individual representatives of a conservation of the species. Because of their land ownership is identified in rare species may or may not be present. the small numbers of individuals or low Table 5. The species that currently The occupied areas provide the physical population sizes of each of the 47 occupy each of the 22 sections are and biological features essential to the species, each requires suitable habitat identified in Table 6; this table also conservation of the species that occur and space for the expansion of existing identifies the sections that have been there by providing for the successful populations to achieve a level that could designated for the four species that are functioning of the ecosystem on which approach recovery. For example, presumably no longer extant in the the species depend. However, due to the although Platydesma rostrata is found wild, and are therefore currently small population sizes, few numbers of in multiple critical habitat units across unoccupied by those species.

TABLE 5.—CRITICAL HABITAT PROPOSED FOR 47 KAUAI SPECIES (TOTALS MAY NOT SUM DUE TO ROUNDING)

Land ownership (acres) Corresponding critical habi- Proposed critical habitat Size of section in Size of section in tat units and maps in the area acres hectares State Private Code of Federal Regula- tions (CFR)

Kauai—Lowland Mesic

—Section 1 2,007 812 2,007 0 Plants: 50 CFR 17.99, Unit 11, Map 66a

—Section 2 379 154 379 0 Plants: 50 CFR 17.99, Unit 11, Map 66a

—Section 3 124 50 124 0 Plants: 50 CFR 17.99, Unit 11, Map 66a

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00033 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 62624 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

TABLE 5.—CRITICAL HABITAT PROPOSED FOR 47 KAUAI SPECIES (TOTALS MAY NOT SUM DUE TO ROUNDING)—Continued

Land ownership (acres) Corresponding critical habi- Proposed critical habitat Size of section in Size of section in tat units and maps in the area acres hectares State Private Code of Federal Regula- tions (CFR)

—Section 4 81 33 81 0 Plants: 50 CFR 17.99, Unit 11, Map 66a

—Section 5 37 15 0 37 Plants: 50 CFR 17.99, Unit 7, Map 23a

TOTAL Lowland Mesic 2,628 1,064 2,590 37

Kauai—Lowland Wet

—Section 1 1,164 471 117 1,047 Plants: 50 CFR 17.99, Unit 11, Map 70a; Unit 21, Map 217d.

—Section 2 172 70 172 0 Plants: 50 CFR 17.99, Unit 11, Map 70a

—Section 3 756 306 0 756 Plants: 50 CFR 17.99, Unit 11, Map 70a

—Section 4 591 239 10 581 Plants: 50 CFR 17.99, Unit 11, Map 70a

—Section 5 1,541 624 442 1,099 Plants: 50 CFR 17.99, Unit 10, Map 36a

—Section 6 789 319 134 655 Plants: 50 CFR 17.99, Unit 10, Map 36a

TOTAL Lowland Wet 5,013 2,029 875 4,138

Kauai—Montane Mesic

—Section 1 2,462 996 2,462 0 Plants: 50 CFR 17.99, Unit 11, Map 76c. Akekee: 50 17.95(b), Unit 1 – Montane Mesic. Picture- wing fly: 50 CFR 17.95(i), Unit 1 – Montane Mesic.

—Section 2 376 152 376 0 Plants: 50 CFR 17.99, Unit 11, Map 70c; Unit 22, map 217e. Akekee: 50 CFR 17.95(b), Unit 2 – Montane Mesic. Picture- wing fly: 50 CFR 17.95(i), Unit 2 – Montane Mesic.

—Section 3 138 56 138 0 Plants: 50 CFR 17.99, Unit 23, Map 217f. Akekee: 50 CFR 17.95(b), Unit 3 – Montane Mesic. Pic- ture-wing fly: 50 CFR 17.95(i), Unit 3 – Montane Mesic.

TOTAL Montane Mesic 2,976 1,204 2,976 0

Kauai—Montane Wet

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00034 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62625

TABLE 5.—CRITICAL HABITAT PROPOSED FOR 47 KAUAI SPECIES (TOTALS MAY NOT SUM DUE TO ROUNDING)—Continued

Land ownership (acres) Corresponding critical habi- Proposed critical habitat Size of section in Size of section in tat units and maps in the area acres hectares State Private Code of Federal Regula- tions (CFR)

—Section 1 14,107 5,709 12,629 1,478 Plants: 50 CFR 17.99, Unit 10, Map 35a; Unit 11, Map 74a; Unit 18, Map 217a; Unit 24, Map 217g; Unit 25, Map 217h. Akekee and akikiki: 50 CFR 17.95(b), Unit 1 – Montane Wet. Picture- wing fly: 50 CFR 17.95(i), Unit 1 – Montane Wet.

—Section 2 790 320 790 0 Plants: 50 CFR 17.99, Unit 11, Map 64a. Akekee and akikiki: 50 CFR 17.95(b), Unit 2 – Montane Wet. Picture- wing fly: 50 CFR 17.95(i), Unit 2 – Montane Wet.

—Section 3 413 167 156 257 Plants: 50 CFR 17.99, Unit 11, Map 64a. Akekee and akikiki: 50 CFR 17.95(b), Unit 3 – Montane Wet. Picture- wing fly: 50 CFR 17.95(i), Unit 3 – Montane Wet.

TOTAL Montane Wet 15,310 6,196 13,575 1,735

Kauai—Dry Cliff

—Section 1 404 163 404 0 Plants: 50 CFR 17.99, Unit 11, Map 67a.

—Section 2 308 125 308 0 Plants: 50 CFR 17.99, Unit 11, map 67a.

TOTAL Dry Cliff 712 288 712 0

Kauai—Wet Cliff

—Section 1 190 77 190 0 Plants: 50 CFR 17.99, Unit 11, Map 70b.

—Section 2 784 317 778 7 Plants: 50 CFR 17.99, Unit 10, Map 36b; Unit 19, Map 217b.

—Section 3 61 24 8 53 Plants: 50 CFR 17.99, Unit 4, Map 5a; Unit 20, map 217c.

TOTAL Wet Cliff 1,035 418 976 60

TOTAL ALL SECTIONS 27,674 11,199 21,706 5,970

TABLE 6.—SPECIES FOR WHICH CRITICAL HABITAT IS DESIGNATED IN EACH ECOSYSTEM

Species Critical Habitat Units Lowland Mesic Lowland Wet Montane Mesic Montane Wet Dry Cliff Wet Cliff

Plants

Astelia waialealae X

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00035 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 62626 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

TABLE 6.—SPECIES FOR WHICH CRITICAL HABITAT IS DESIGNATED IN EACH ECOSYSTEM—Continued

Species Critical Habitat Units Lowland Mesic Lowland Wet Montane Mesic Montane Wet Dry Cliff Wet Cliff

Canavalia X napaliensis

Chamaesyce X X eleanoriae

Chamaesyce X X remyi var. kauaiensis

Chamaesyce X X X X X remyi var. remyi

Charpentiera X X densiflora

Cyanea X dolichopoda

Cyanea X eleeleensis*

Cyanea X kolekoleensis*

Cyanea X kuhihewa*

Cyrtandra X X oenobarba

Cyrtandra paliku X

Diellia mannii X

Doryopteris angel- X ica

Dryopteris crinalis X var. podosorus

Dubautia X imbricata ssp. imbricata

Dubautia X kalalauensis

Dubautia X kenwoodii

Dubautia X plantaginea ssp. magnifolia

Dubautia X waialealae

Geranium X kuauaiense

Keysseria erici X

Keysseria helenae X

Labordia helleri X X X X

Labordia pumila X

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00036 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62627

TABLE 6.—SPECIES FOR WHICH CRITICAL HABITAT IS DESIGNATED IN EACH ECOSYSTEM—Continued

Species Critical Habitat Units Lowland Mesic Lowland Wet Montane Mesic Montane Wet Dry Cliff Wet Cliff

Lysimachia X daphnoides

Lysimachia iniki X

Lysimachia X pendens

Lysimachia X scopulensis

Lysimachia X venosa*

Melicope degeneri X

Melicope X paniculata

Melicope puberula X X

Melicope X knudsenii

Myrsine mezii X X

Phyllostegia X X renovans

Pittosporum X napaliense

Platydesma X X X X X rostrata

Psychotria X X grandiflora

Psychotria hobdyi X

Schiedea X attenuata

Stenogyne kealiae X X X

Tetraplasandra X X bisattenuata

Tetraplasandra X X flynnii

Animals

Akikiki X X (Oreomystis bairdi)

Akekee (Loxops X caeruleirostris)

Picture-wing fly X X (Drosophila attigua) * Species with an asterisk are those that, to the best of our knowledge, no longer occur naturally in the wild, therefore there is no known occu- pied critical habitat for these species. The critical habitat units for these species have been determined to be essential to the conservation of the species because the area provides for the reestablishment of populations within the species’ historical range.

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00037 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 62628 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

When determining proposed critical identified (Table 4). Special Cliff—Section 3; see Table 5 for habitat boundaries within this proposed management considerations or corresponding CFR unit numbers) may rule, we made every effort to avoid protections are necessary throughout the require special management to reduce including developed areas such as critical habitat areas proposed here to the threat of landslides and flooding, buildings, paved areas, and other avoid further degradation or destruction which threaten to further degrade the structures that lack the physical and of the habitat that provides those habitat conditions and have the biological features essential for the features essential to their conservation. potential to eliminate some species in conservation of the 47 species. The scale The primary threats to the physical and their entirety (e.g., Schiedea attenuata). of the maps we prepared under the biological features essential to the In summary, we find that each of the parameters for publication within the conservation of all of these species areas we are proposing as critical habitat Code of Federal Regulations may not include habitat destruction and contains features essential to the reflect the exclusion of such developed modification by feral ungulates, conservation of the species that may areas. Any such structures and the land competition with nonnative species, require special management under them inadvertently left inside hurricanes, landslides, flooding, and considerations or protection to ensure critical habitat boundaries shown on the climate change. The reduction of these the conservation of the 47 Kauai maps of this proposed rule have been threats will require the implementation species. These special management excluded by text in the proposed rule of special management actions within considerations and protections are and are not proposed for designation as each of the critical habitat areas required to preserve and maintain the critical habitat. Therefore, Federal identified in this proposed rule. essential features provided to these actions involving these areas would not All proposed critical habitat requires species by the ecosystems upon which trigger section 7 consultation with active management to address the they depend. A more detailed respect to critical habitat unless the ongoing degradation and loss of native discussion of these threats is presented specific action would affect the adjacent habitat caused by feral ungulates (pigs, above (‘‘Summary of Factors Affecting critical habitat or its primary constituent goats, black-tailed deer). Feral ungulates the Species’’). also impact the habitat through elements. Proposed Critical Habitat Designation predation and trampling. Without this Special Management Considerations or special management, habitat containing We are proposing critical habitat in 6 Protections the features that are essential for the ecosystem types as critical habitat for 47 The term critical habitat is defined in conservation of these species will species; this critical habitat falls within section 3(5)(A) of the Act, in part, as continue to be degraded and destroyed. 12 critical habitat units for the plants, 6 geographic areas on which are found All proposed critical habitat requires critical habitat units for the birds, and those physical or biological features active management to address the 6 critical habitat units for the picture- essential to the conservation of the ongoing degradation and loss of native wing fly (see Table 5, above, for details). species and ‘‘which may require special habitat caused by nonnative plants. In total, approximately 27,674 ac management considerations or Special management is also required to (11,199 ha) fall within the boundaries of protection.’’ Accordingly, in identifying prevent the introduction of new alien this proposed critical habitat critical habitat in occupied areas, we plant species into native habitats. designation. Of these proposed units, determine whether those areas that Particular attention is required in 26,028 ac (10,533 ha), or 94 percent, are contain the features essential to the nonnative plant control efforts to avoid already designated as critical habitat for conservation of the species may require creating additional disturbances that other listed species. The proposed any special management actions. may facilitate the further introduction critical habitat includes land under Although the determination that special and establishment of invasive plant State and private ownership. The management may be required is not a seeds. Precautions are also required to critical habitat units we describe below prerequisite to designating critical avoid the inadvertent trampling of listed constitute our current best assessment of habitat in unoccupied areas, special plant species in the course of those areas that meet the definition of management is needed throughout all of management activities. The active critical habitat for the 47 species of the proposed critical habitat units; the control of nonnative plant species will plants and animals. following discussion of special help to address the threat posed by fire Because much of the proposed critical management needs is therefore to three of the critical habitat areas in habitat for the plants overlies critical applicable to each of the 47 Kauai particular (Kauai—Lowland Mesic— habitat already designated for other species for which we are proposing to Section 1, Kauai—Montane Mesic— plant species on the island of Kauai, we designate critical habitat in this Section 2, and Kauai—Dry Cliff— have incorporated the maps of the proposed rule. Section 1; see Table 5 for corresponding ecosystem areas identified in this The 47 Kauai species for which we CFR unit numbers). This threat is proposed rule into the existing critical are proposing to designate critical largely a result of the presence of habitat unit numbering system habitat in this proposed rule include 43 nonnative species, such as the grasses established for plants on the island of species that are currently found in the Andropogon sp. and Setaria sp., that Kauai in the Code of Federal wild, and four species that are not increase the fuel load and quickly Regulations (50 CFR 17.99(a)(1)). This currently extant in the wild. For each of regenerate after a fire. These species can required further subdividing some of the the 43 Kauai species currently found in outcompete native plants that are not ecosystem areas that we identified as the wild and for which we are adapted to fire, creating a grass-fire ‘‘sections’’ into units that correspond to proposing critical habitat, we have cycle that alters ecosystem functions both existing and new critical habitat determined that the features essential to (D’Antonio and Vitousek 1992, pp. 64- unit numbers and map numbers as their conservation are primarily 66; Brooks et al. 2004, p. 680). published in the CFR. The maps and dependent on the successful functioning In addition, five sections of the area descriptions presented here of the ecosystem(s) in which they occur critical habitat areas (Kauai—Dry Cliff— represent the 6 essential ecosystem (Tables 3 and 4). As described earlier, in Section 1, Kauai—Dry Cliff—Section 2, areas that we have identified for all 47 some cases, additional species-specific Kauai—Wet Cliff—Section 1, Kauai— species, subdivided into a total of 22 primary constituent elements were also Wet Cliff—Section 2, and Kauai—Wet sections. For the 44 plant species, the

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00038 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62629

critical habitat unit numbers that discretion of the Secretary. The unoccupied habitat that is essential to collectively comprise these ecosystem consideration of potential economic the conservation of these four species by areas and the corresponding map impacts applies solely to the providing the physical and biological numbers that will appear at 50 CFR designation of critical habitat, and is not features necessary for the expansion of 17.99 are additionally provided for ease a factor in our assessment of w!hether the existing wild populations. Lowland of reference with the CFR. Critical aspecies warrants listing as a threatened Mesic – Section 1 is not known to be habitat for each of the 3 animal species or endangered species under the Act. occupied by the species Canavalia is published in a separate section of the Kauai—Lowland Mesic—Section 1 napaliensis, Chamaesyce eleanoriae, CFR (50 CFR 17.95(b) for the akekee and Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi, Lowland Mesic – Section 1 consists of akikiki, and 50 CFR 17.95(i) for the Charpentiera densiflora, Dubautia 2,007 ac (812 ha) in the lowland mesic picture-wing fly), and thus have their kenwoodii, Pittosporum napaliense, and ecosystem, including mesic forest own separate critical habitat unit extending from Awaawapuhi Trail Tetraplasandra bisattenuata. We have, numbers and map numbers; these south to Makaha Ridge, in the Na Pali however, determined this area to be numbers are also provided in each of Kona Forest Reserve and the Kuia NAR essential for the conservation and the critical habitat descriptions below (Figure 1-A). The entire section is State- recovery of these lowland mesic species for reference in the CFR. owned and within previously because it provides the physical and As provided under section 4(b)(2) of designated critical habitat; it falls within biological features necessary for the the Act, all or portions of each of these Critical Habitat Unit 11 of 50 CFR 17.99, reestablishment of wild populations areas may be considered for exclusion Map 66a. This section is occupied by within the historical range of the from critical habitat when this rule is the plants Doryopteris angelica, species. Due to the small numbers of finalized. Exclusions are considered Labordia helleri, Platydesma rostrata individuals or low population sizes of based on the relative costs and benefits and Psychotria hobdyi, and includes each of these species, each requires of designating critical habitat, including mesic forest, the moisture regime, and suitable habitat and space for expansion information provided during the public canopy, subcanopy, and understory or reintroduction to achieve a comment period on potential economic native plant species identified as PCEs population level that could approach impacts of this proposed critical habitat in the lowland mesic ecosystem (Table recovery. designation, and may be made at the 3). This section also contains BILLING CODE 4310–55–S

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00039 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 62630 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

BILLING CODE 4310–55–C

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00040 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 EP21oc08.000 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62631

Kauai—Lowland Mesic—Section 2 Charpentiera densiflora, and includes rostrata, Psychotria hobdyi, and Lowland Mesic – Section 2 consists of mesic forest, the moisture regime, and Tetraplasandra bisattenuata. We have, 379 ac (154 ha) in the lowland mesic canopy, subcanopy, and understory however, determined this area to be ecosystem, including mesic forest native plant species identified as PCEs essential for the conservation and extending from Keanapuka to Kahuamaa in the lowland mesic ecosystem (Table recovery of these lowland mesic species Flat along the rim and cliffs of the 3). This section also contains because it provides the physical and Kalalau Valley, in the Na Pali Coast unoccupied habitat that is essential to biological features necessary for the State Park (Figure 1-A, above). The the conservation of these three species reestablishment of wild populations entire section is State-owned and within by providing the physical and biological within the historical range of the previously designated critical habitat; it features necessary for the expansion of species. Due to the small numbers of falls within Critical Habitat Unit 11 of the existing wild populations. Lowland individuals or low population sizes of 50 CFR 17.99, Map 66a. This section is Mesic – Section 3 is not known to be each of these species, each requires occupied by the plants Chamaesyce occupied by the species Chamaesyce suitable habitat and space for expansion eleanoriae, Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi var. remyi, Doryopteris angelica, or reintroduction to achieve a remyi, Charpentiera densiflora, Dubautia kenwoodii, Labordia helleri, population level that could approach Dubautia kenwoodii, Pittosporum Pittosporum napaliense, Platydesma recovery. rostrata, Psychotria hobdyi, and napaliense, and Psychotria hobdyi, and Kauai—Lowland Mesic—Section 5 includes mesic forest, the moisture Tetraplasandra bisattenuata. We have, regime, and canopy, subcanopy, and however, determined this area to be Lowland Mesic – Section 5 consists of understory native plant species essential for the conservation and 37 ac (15 ha) in the lowland mesic identified as PCEs in the lowland mesic recovery of these lowland mesic species ecosystem, including mesic forest on the ecosystem (Table 3). This section also because it provides the physical and slopes of Mt. Haupu, on privately contains unoccupied habitat that is biological features necessary for the owned land (Figure 1-B). The entire essential to the conservation of these six reestablishment of wild populations section is within previously designated species by providing the physical and within the historical range of the critical habitat, and falls within Critical biological features necessary for the species. Due to the small numbers of Habitat Unit 7 of 50 CFR 17.99, Map expansion of the existing wild individuals or low population sizes of 23a. This section is occupied by the populations. Lowland Mesic – Section 2 each of these species, each requires plants Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi and is not known to be occupied by the suitable habitat and space for expansion Tetraplasandra bisattenuata, and species Canavalia napaliensis, or reintroduction to achieve a includes mesic forest and shrubland, the Doryopteris angelica, Labordia helleri, population level that could approach moisture regime, and subcanopy and Platydesma rostrata, and recovery. understory native plant species identified as PCEs in the lowland mesic Tetraplasandra bisattenuata. We have, Kauai—Lowland Mesic—Section 4 however, determined this area to be ecosystem (Table 3). This section also essential for the conservation and Lowland Mesic – Section 4 consists of contains unoccupied habitat that is recovery of these lowland mesic species 81 ac (33 ha) in the lowland mesic essential to the conservation of these because it provides the physical and ecosystem, including mesic forest at the two species by providing the physical biological features necessary for the head of the Hanakapiai Valley, in the Na and biological features necessary for the reestablishment of wild populations Pali Coast State Park (Figure 1-A, expansion of the existing wild within the historical range of the above). The entire section is State- populations. Lowland Mesic – Section 5 species. Due to the small numbers of owned and within previously is not known to be occupied by the individuals or low population sizes of designated critical habitat; it falls within species Canavalia napaliensis, each of these species, each requires Critical Habitat Unit 11 of 50 CFR 17.99, Chamaesyce eleanoriae, Charpentiera suitable habitat and space for expansion Map 66a. This section is occupied by densiflora, Doryopteris angelica, or reintroduction to achieve a the plant Charpentiera densiflora, and Dubautia kenwoodii, Labordia helleri, population level that could approach includes mesic forest, the moisture Pittosporum napaliense, Platydesma recovery. regime, and canopy, subcanopy, and rostrata, and Psychotria hobdyi. We understory native plant species have, however, determined this area to Kauai—Lowland Mesic—Section 3 identified as PCEs in the lowland mesic be essential for the conservation and Lowland Mesic – Section 3 consists of ecosystem (Table 3). This section also recovery of these lowland mesic species 124 ac (50 ha) in the lowland mesic contains unoccupied habitat that is because it provides the physical and ecosystem, including mesic forest essential to the conservation of this biological features necessary for the extending from Manono Ridge, species by providing the physical and reestablishment of wild populations Pohakuao Valley, to Kanakuu, within biological features necessary for the within the historical range of the the Na Pali Coast State Park (Figure 1- expansion of the existing wild species. Due to the small numbers of A, above). The entire section is State- population. Lowland Mesic – Section 4 individuals or low population sizes of owned and within previously is not known to be occupied by the each of these species, each requires designated critical habitat; it falls within species Canavalia napaliensis, suitable habitat and space for expansion Critical Habitat Unit 11 of 50 CFR 17.99, Chamaesyce eleanoriae, Chamaesyce or reintroduction to achieve a Map 66a. This section is occupied by remyi var. remyi, Doryopteris angelica, population level that could approach the plants Canavalia napaliensis, Dubautia kenwoodii, Labordia helleri, recovery. Chamaesyce eleanoriae, and Pittosporum napaliense, Platydesma BILLING CODE 4310–55–S

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00041 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 62632 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00042 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4725 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 EP21oc08.001 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62633

Kauai—Lowland Wet—Section 1 is occupied by the plants Chamaesyce Cyrtandra oenobarba, Dubautia remyi var. remyi, Charpentiera imbricata ssp. imbricata, Melicope Lowland Wet – Section 1 consists of densiflora, Labordia helleri, and paniculata, Melicope puberula, 1,164 ac (471 ha) in the lowland wet Phyllostegia renovans. This section also Platydesma rostrata, Stenogyne kealiae, ecosystem (117 ac (47.4 ha) on State contains unoccupied habitat that is and Tetraplasandra bisattenuata. We land; 1,047 ac (424 ha) on private land), essential to the conservation of these have, however, determined this area to including wet forest extending from three species by providing the physical be essential for the conservation and Kulanalilia into Limahuli Valley to and biological features necessary for the recovery of these lowland wet species Honoonapali, in the Halelea Forest expansion of the existing wild because it provides the physical and Reserve (Figure 2-A). The section populations. This section includes the biological features necessary for the includes 1,099 ac (445 ha) of State and lowland wet forest, the moisture regime, reestablishment of wild populations privately owned land within previously and canopy, subcanopy, and understory within the historical range of the designated critical habitat and 65 ac (26 plant species identified as PCEs in the species. Due to the small numbers of ha) of newly proposed critical habitat on lowland wet ecosystem (Table 3). individuals or low population sizes of private land. The area that falls within Lowland Wet – Section 1 is not known each of t!hese species, each requires designated critical habitat lies within to be occupied by the species suitable habitat and space for expansion Critical Habitat Unit 11 of 50 CFR 17.99, Chamaesyce remyi var. kauaiensis, or reintroduction to achieve a Map 70a, and proposed new Critical Cyanea eleelensis, Cyanea population level that could approach Habitat Unit 21, Map 217d. This section kolekoleensis, Cyanea kuhihewa, recovery.

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00043 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 62634 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

BILLING CODE 4310–55–C

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00044 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 EP21oc08.002 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62635

Kauai—Lowland Wet—Section 2 Platydesma rostrata, Stenogyne kealiae, four species by providing the physical Lowland Wet – Section 2 consists of and Tetraplasandra bisattenuata. We and biological features necessary for the 172 ac (70 ha) in the lowland wet have, however, determined this area to expansion of the existing wild ecosystem, including wet forest be essential for the conservation and populations. This section includes the extending from Alealau to Pohakea, recovery of these lowland wet species lowland wet forest, the moisture regime, within the Hono o Na Pali NAR and the because it provides the physical and and canopy, subcanopy, and understory Na Pali Coast State Park (Figure 2-A, biological features necessary for the plant species identified as PCEs in the above). The entire section is State- reestablishment of wild populations lowland wet ecosystem (Table 3). owned and within previously within the historical range of the Lowland Wet – Section 3 is not known designated critical habitat; it falls within species. Due to the small numbers of to be occupied by the species Critical Habitat Unit 11 of 50 CFR 17.99, individuals or low population sizes of Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi, Map 70a, and is occupied by the plant each of these species, each requires Charpentiera densiflora, Cyanea Melicope puberula. This section also suitable habitat and space for expansion eleelensis, Cyanea kolekoleensis, contains unoccupied habitat that is or reintroduction to achieve a Cyanea kuhihewa, Dubautia imbricata essential to the conservation of this population level that could approach ssp. imbricata, Labordia helleri, species by providing the physical and recovery. Melicope paniculata, Phyllostegia renovans, Platydesma rostrata, and biological features necessary for the Kauai—Lowland Wet—Section 3 expansion of the existing wild Tetraplasandra bisattenuata. We have, population. This section includes the Lowland Wet – Section 3 consists of however, determined this area to be lowland wet forest, the moisture regime, 756 ac (306 ha) in the lowland wet essential for the conservation and and canopy, subcanopy, and understory ecosystem, including wet forest in recovery of these lowland wet species plant species identified as PCEs in the upper Wainiha Valley, on privately because it provides the physical and lowland wet ecosystem (Table 3). owned land in the Halelea Forest biological features necessary for the Lowland Wet – Section 2 is not known Reserve (Figure 2-B). The entire section reestablishment of wild populations to be occupied by the species is within previously designated critical within the historical range of the Chamaesyce remyi var. kauaiensis, habitat, falling within Critical Habitat species. Due to the small numbers of Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi, Unit 11 of 50 CFR 17.99, Map 70a, and individuals or low population sizes of Charpentiera densiflora, Cyanea is occupied by the plants Chamaesyce each of these species, each requires eleelensis, Cyanea kolekoleensis, remyi var. kauaiensis, Cyrtandra suitable habitat and space for expansion Cyanea kuhihewa, Cyrtandra oenobarba, Melicope puberula, and or reintroduction to achieve a oenobarba, Dubautia imbricata ssp. Stenogyne kealiae. This section also population level that could approach imbricata, Labordia helleri, Melicope contains unoccupied habitat that is recovery. paniculata, Phyllostegia renovans, essential to the conservation of these BILLING CODE 4310–55–S

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00045 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 62636 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

BILLING CODE 4310–55–C

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00046 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 EP21oc08.003 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62637

Kauai—Lowland Wet—Section 4 and Tetraplasandra bisattenuata. We the conservation of these four species by Lowland Wet – Section 4 consists of have, however, determined this area to providing the physical and biological 591 ac (239 ha) in the lowland wet be essential for the conservation and features necessary for the expansion of ecosystem, including wet forest at the recovery of these lowland wet species the existing wild populations. This head of Lumahai Valley, on State (10 ac, because it provides the physical and section includes the lowland wet forest, 4.1 ha) and privately owned (581 ac, 235 biological features necessary for the the moisture regime, and canopy, ha) land in the Halelea Forest Reserve reestablishment of wild populations subcanopy and understory plant species (Figure 2-B, above). The entire section is within the historical range of the identified as PCEs in the lowland wet within previously designated critical species. Due to the small numbers of ecosystem (Table 3). Lowland Wet – habitat, falling within Critical Habitat individuals or low population sizes of Section 5 is not known to be occupied Unit 11 of 50 CFR 17.99, Map 70a, and each of these species, each requires by the species Chamaesyce remyi var. is occupied by the plants Chamaesyce suitable habitat and space for expansion kauaiensis, Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi var. remyi, Cyrtandra oenobarba, or reintroduction to achieve a remyi, Charpentiera densiflora, Cyanea Melicope paniculata, Phyllostegia population level that could approach eleelensis, Cyanea kolekoleensis, renovans, and Platydesma rostrata. This recovery. Cyanea kuhihewa, Labordia helleri, section also contains unoccupied Kauai—Lowland Wet—Section 5 Melicope puberula, Phyllostegia habitat that is essential to the renovans, Stenogyne kealiae, and Lowland Wet – Section 5 consists of conservation of these five species by Tetraplasandra bisattenuata. We have, 1,541 ac (624 ha) in the lowland wet providing the physical and biological however, determined this area to be ecosystem, including wet forest features necessary for the expansion of essential for the conservation and the existing wild populations. This extending from the headwaters of the recovery of these lowland wet species section includes the lowland wet forest, Wailua River at ‘‘Blue Hole’’ south to because it provides the physical and the moisture regime, and canopy, Iole, on State (442 ac, 179 ha) and subcanopy, and understory plant privately owned (1,099 ac, 445 ha) land biological features necessary for the species identified as PCEs in the in the Lihue-Koloa Forest Reserve reestablishment of wild populations lowland wet ecosystem (Table 3). (Figure 2-C). The entire section is within within the historical range of the Lowland Wet – Section 4 is not known previously designated critical habitat, species. Due to the small numbers of to be occupied by the species falling within Critical Habitat Unit 10 of individuals or low population sizes of Chamaesyce remyi var. kauaiensis, 50 CFR 17.99, Map 36a, and is occupied each of these species, each requires Charpentiera densiflora, Cyanea by the plants Cyrtandra oenobarba, suitable habitat and space for expansion eleelensis, Cyanea kolekoleensis, Dubautia imbricata ssp. imbricata, or reintroduction to achieve a Cyanea kuhihewa, Dubautia imbricata Melicope paniculata, and Platydesma population level that could approach ssp. imbricata, Labordia helleri, rostrata. This section also contains recovery. Melicope puberula, Stenogyne kealiae, unoccupied habitat that is essential to BILLING CODE 4310–55–S

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00047 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 62638 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00048 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4725 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 EP21oc08.004 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62639

Kauai—Lowland Wet—Section 6 rostrata, and Tetraplasandra Cyanea kuhihewa, Labordia helleri, bisattenuata. This section also contains Melicope paniculata, Melicope Lowland Wet – Section 6 consists of unoccupied habitat that is essential to puberula, Phyllostegia renovans, and 789 ac (319 ha) in the lowland wet the conservation of these five species by Stenogyne kealiae. We have, however, ecosystem, including wet forest providing the physical and biological determined this area to be essential for extending from Kapalaoa to Kanaele Bog features necessary for the expansion of the conservation and recovery of these and Lauahihaihai in the Wahiawa the existing wild populations. This lowland wet species because it provides Mountains, on State (134 ac, 54 ha) and section includes the lowland wet forest, the physical and biological features privately owned (655 ac, 265 ha) land in the moisture regime, and canopy, necessary for the reestablishment of the Lihue-Koloa Forest Reserve (Figure subcanopy, and understory plant wild populations within the historical 2-D). The entire section is within species identified as PCEs in the range of the species. Due to the small previously designated critical habitat, lowland wet ecosystem (Table 3). numbers of individuals or low falling within Critical Habitat Unit 10 of Lowland Wet – Section 6 is not known population sizes of each of these 50 CFR 17.99, Map 36a, and is occupied to be occupied by the species species, each requires suitable habitat by the plants Chamaesyce remyi var. Chamaesyce remyi var. kauaiensis, and space for expansion or remyi, Cyrtandra oenobarba, Dubautia Charpentiera densiflora, Cyanea reintroduction to achieve a population imbricata ssp. imbricata, Platydesma eleelensis, Cyanea kolekoleensis, level that could approach recovery.

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00049 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 62640 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00050 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4725 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 EP21oc08.005 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62641

Kauai—Montane Mesic—Section 1 akekee, and the picture-wing fly and picture-wing fly (the larval-stage Drosophila attigua; maps of critical host plant, Cheirodendron sp.). Montane Montane Mesic – Section 1 consists of habitat for these species can be found at Mesic – Section 1 is not known to be 2,462 ac (996 ha) in the montane mesic 50 CFR 17.95(b) for the akekee (Unit 1 occupied by the species Diellia mannii ecosystem, including the area above – Montane Mesic), and at 50 CFR and Myrsine mezii. We have, however, Honopu Valley to Mahanaloa Valley, on 17.95(i) for the picture-wing fly (Unit 1 determined this area to be essential for State-owned land in Kokee State Park, – Montane Mesic). This section also the conservation and recovery of these the Na Pali-Kona Forest Reserve, and contains unoccupied habitat that is montane mesic species because it Kuia NAR (Figure 3-A). The entire essential to the conservation of these provides the physical and biological section is within previously designated nine species by providing the physical features necessary for the critical habitat for the plant species, and biological features necessary for the reestablishment of wild populations falling within Critical Habitat Unit 11 of expansion of the existing wild within the historical range of the 50 CFR 17.99, Map 70C, and is occupied populations. This section includes the species. Due to the small numbers of by the plants Chamaesyce remyi var. montane mesic forest, the moisture individuals or low population sizes of remyi, Labordia helleri, Myrsine regime, and canopy, subcanopy, and each of these species, each requires knudsenii, Platydesma rostrata, understory plant species identified as suitable habitat and space for expansion Psychotria grandiflora, Stenogyne PCEs in the montane mesic ecosystem or reintroduction to achieve a kealiae, and Tetraplasandra flynii. This (Table 3), as well as species-specific population level that could approach section is also occupied by the bird PCEs for the akekee (arthropod prey) recovery.

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00051 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 62642 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

BILLING CODE 4310–55–C

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00052 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 EP21oc08.006 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62643

Kauai—Montane Mesic—Section 2 features necessary for the This section also contains unoccupied reestablishment of wild populations habitat that is essential to the Montane Mesic – Section 2 consists of within the historical range of the 376 ac (152 ha) in the montane mesic conservation of this species by species. Due to the small numbers of ecosystem and includes a portion of the providing the physical and biological individuals or low population sizes of area surrounding a tributary of features necessary for the expansion of each of these species, each requires Nawaimaka Stream east to Kumuwela the existing wild population. Montane suitable habitat and space for expansion Ridge (Figure 3-A). The entire section is Mesic - Section 3 is not known to be or reintroduction to achieve a State-owned within Kokee State Park, occupied by the plants Chamaesyce population level that could approach remyi var. remyi, Labordia helleri, and includes 8 ac (3 ha) of newly recovery. proposed critical habitat. This section is Myrsine knudsenii, Myrsine mezii, For the plants, that portion of the Platydesma rostrata, Psychotria occupied by Diellia mannii and the section that overlies previously picture-wing fly Drosophila attigua and grandiflora, Stenogyne kealiae, and designated critical habitat falls within Tetraplasandra flynnii; by the bird includes the montane mesic forest, the Critical Habitat Unit 11 of 50 CFR 17.99, moisture regime, and canopy, akekee; or by the picture-wing fly Map 70c. The previously undesignated Drosophila attigua. We have, however, subcanopy, and understory plant land comprises proposed Critical species identified as PCEs in the determined this area to be essential for Habitat Unit 22 of 50 CFR 17.99, Map the conservation and recovery of these montane mesic ecosystem (Table 3), as 217e. Maps of critical habitat for the well as the larval-stage host plant montane mesic species because it akekee can be found at 50 CFR 17.95(b) provides the physical and biological (Cheirodendron sp.) associated with the (Unit 2 – Montane Mesic), and for the picture-wing fly. This section also features necessary for the picture-wing fly at 50 CFR 17.95(i) (Unit reestablishment of wild populations contains unoccupied habitat that is 2 – Montane Mesic). essential to the conservation of these within the historical range of the two species by providing the physical Kauai—Montane Mesic—Section 3 species. Due to the small numbers of individuals or low population sizes of and biological features necessary for the Montane Mesic – Section 3 consists of each of these species, each requires expansion of the existing wild 138 ac (56 ha) in the montane mesic populations. Montane Mesic – Section 2 ecosystem, including the upper portion suitable habitat and space for expansion is not known to be occupied by the of the Nawaimaka Valley up to or reintroduction to achieve a plants Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi, Kapukapaia Ridge, on State-owned land population level that could approach Labordia helleri, Myrsine knudsenii, in the Na Pali-Kona Forest Reserve recovery. Myrsine mezii, Platydesma rostrata, (Figure 3-B). This section is not in For the plants, this section comprises Psychotria grandiflora, Stenogyne previously designated critical habitat proposed Critical Habitat Unit 23 of 50 kealiae, and Tetraplasandra flynnii; or and includes the only montane mesic CFR 17.99, Map 217f. Maps of critical by the bird akekee. We have, however, forest occupied by the plant Myrsine habitat for the akekee can be found at 50 determined this area to be essential for mezii, and the moisture regime, and CFR 17.95(b) (Unit 3 – Montane Mesic), the conservation and recovery of these canopy, subcanopy, and understory and for the picture-wing fly at 50 CFR montane mesic species because it plant species identified as PCEs in the 17.95(i) (Unit 3 – Montane Mesic). provides the physical and biological montane mesic ecosystem (Table 3). BILLING CODE 4310–55–S

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00053 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 62644 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00054 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4725 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 EP21oc08.007 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62645

Kauai—Montane Wet—Section 1 essential to the conservation of these 18 recovery of these montane wet species Montane Wet – Section 1 consists of species by providing the physical and because it provides the physical and 14,107 ac (5,709 ha) in the montane wet biological features necessary for the biological features necessary for the ecosystem, extending across the Alakai expansion of the existing wild reestablishment of wild populations Plateau from Hanakoa to Mount populations. This section includes the within the historical range of the Waialeale, on State (12,629 ac, 5,111 ha) montane wet forest, the moisture species. Due to the small numbers of and privately owned (1,478 ac, 598 ha) regime, and canopy, subcanopy, and individuals or low population sizes of land in the Na Pali Coast State Park, the understory plant species identified as each of these species, each requires Alakai Wilderness Preserve, the Na Pali- PCEs in the montane wet ecosystem suitable habitat and space for expansion Kona and Halelea forest reserves, and (Table 3), and the species-specific PCEs or reintroduction to achieve a Hono o Na Pali NAR (Figure 4). This including (1) bogs (identified as PCEs population level that could approach section includes 1,116 ac (452 ha) of for Dubautia waialealae, Geranium recovery. privately owned land that is newly kauaiense, Keysseria erici, Keysseria For the plants, those portions of the proposed as critical habitat. It is helenae, Labordia pumila, Lysimachia section that overlie previously occupied by the plants Astelia daphnoides); (2) bog hummocks designated critical habitat falls within waialealae, Chamaesyce remyi var. (identified as PCEs for Astelia two existing Critical Habitat Units of 50 remyi, Dryopteris crinalis var. waialealae); (3) arthropod prey CFR 17.99: Unit 10, Map 35a and Unit podosorus, Dubautia waialealae, (identified as PCEs for the akekee and 11, Map 64a. The previously Geranium kauaiense, Keysseria erici, the akikiki); and (4) larval-stage host undesignated land comprises proposed Keysseria helenae, Labordia helleri, plants, Cheirodendron sp., (identified as Critical Habitat Unit 18 of 50 CFR 17.99, Labordia pumila, Lysimachia a PCE for the picture-wing fly). Map 217a; proposed Unit 24, Map 217g; daphnoides, Melicope degeneri, Montane Wet – Section 1 is not and proposed Unit 25, Map 217h. Maps Melicope puberula, Myrsine mezii, known to be occupied by !the plants of critical habitat for the akekee and Phyllostegia renovans, and Platydesma Dubautia kalalauensis, Psychotria akikiki can be found at 50 CFR 17.95(b) rostrata; by the akekee and akikiki; and grandiflora, and Tetraplasandra flynnii. (Unit 1 – Montane Wet), and for the by the picture-wing fly. This section We have, however, determined this area picture-wing fly Drosophila attigua at also contains unoccupied habitat that is to be essential for the conservation and 50 CFR 17.95(i) (Unit 1 – Montane Wet).

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00055 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 62646 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00056 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4725 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 EP21oc08.008 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62647

Kauai—Montane Wet—Section 2 reintroduction to achieve a population We have, however, determined this area Montane Wet - Section 2 consists of level that could approach recovery. to be essential for the conservation and 790 ac (320 ha) in the montane wet For the plants, critical habitat falls recovery of these montane wet species ecosystem, extending from Kahuamaa within previously designated Critical because it provides the physical and Flat south to the edge of Waimea Habitat Unit 11 of 50 CFR 17.99, Map biological features necessary for the Canyon, on State-owned land in Kokee 64a. Maps of critical habitat for the reestablishment of wild populations State Park (Figure 4, above). The entire akekee and akikiki can be found at 50 within the historical range of the section is within previously designated CFR 17.95(b) (Unit 2 – Montane Wet), species. Due to the small numbers of critical habitat, and is occupied by the and for the picture-wing fly Drosophila individuals or low population sizes of plants Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi, attigua at 50 CFR 17.95(i) (Unit 2 – each of these species, each requires Dubautia kalalauensis, Melicope Montane Wet). suitable habitat and space for expansion puberula, Platydesma rostrata, Kauai—Montane Wet—Section 3 or reintroduction to achieve a Psychotria grandiflora, and population level that could approach Tetraplasandra flynii, and by the Montane Wet - Section 3 consists of recovery. 413 ac (167 ha) in the montane wet akekee. This section includes the For the plants, critical habitat falls ecosystem, encompasses the summit of montane wet forest, the moisture within Critical Habitat Unit 11 of 50 Namolokama, on State (156 ac, 63 ha) regime, and canopy, subcanopy and CFR 17.99, Map 64a. Maps of critical and privately owned (257 ac, 104 ha) understory plant species identified as habitat for the akekee and akikiki can be land in the Halelea Forest Reserve PCEs in the montane wet ecosystem found at 50 CFR 17.95(b) (Unit 3 – (Figure 4). It is entirely within (Table 3), and arthropod prey (identified Montane Wet), and for the picture-wing previously designated critical habitat, as a species-specific PCE for the akekee). fly Drosophila attigua at 50 CFR 17.95(i) and is occupied by the plants Keysseria Montane Wet - Section 2 is not known (Unit 3 – Montane Wet). to be occupied by the plants Astelia erici and Labordia pumila. This section waialeale, Dryopteris crinalis var. includes the montane wet forest, the Kauai—Dry Cliff—Section 1 podosorus, Dubautia waialeale, moisture regime, and the canopy, Geranium kauaiense, Keysseria erici, subcanopy, and understory plant Dry Cliff - Section 1 consists of 404 Keysseria helenae, Labordia helleri, species identified as PCEs in the ac (163 ha) in the dry cliff ecosystem, Labordia pumila, Lysimachia montane wet ecosystem (Table 3), and along cliffs from Kalanu to Pihea peak, daphnoides, Melicope degeneri, Myrsine bogs (identified as a species-specific within the Na Pali Coast State Park mezii, and Phyllostegia renovans; by the PCE for K. erici). Montane Wet - Section (Figure 5). The entire section is within bird akikiki; or by the picture-wing fly, 3 is not known to be occupied by the previously designated critical habitat Drosophila attigua. We have, however, plants Astelia waialeale, Chamaesyce and is State-owned; it falls within determined this area to be essential for remyi var. remyi, Dryopteris crinalis var. Critical Habitat Unit 11 of 50 CFR 17.99, the conservation and recovery of these podosorus, Dubautia kalalauensis, Map 67a. This section is occupied by montane wet species because it provides Dubautia waialeale, Geranium the plants Chamaesyce eleanoriae, the physical and biological features kauaiense, Keysseria helenae, Labordia Lysimachia scopulensis, Schiedea necessary for the reestablishment of helleri, Lysimachia daphnoides, attenuata, and Stenogyne kealiae. This wild populations within the historical Melicope degeneri, Melicope puberula, section includes the dry cliffs, the range of the species. Due to the small Myrsine mezii, Phyllostegia renovans, moisture regime, and subcanopy and numbers of individuals or low Platydesma rostrata, Psychotria understory plant species identified as population sizes of each of these grandiflora, and Tetraplasandra flynnii; PCEs in the dry cliff ecosystem (Table species, each requires suitable habitat by the birds akekee and akikiki; or by 3). and space for expansion or the picture-wing fly, Drosophila attigua. BILLING CODE 4310–55–S

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00057 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 62648 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00058 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4725 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 EP21oc08.009 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62649

Kauai—Dry Cliff—Section 2 necessary for the reestablishment of identified as PCEs in the wet cliff Dry Cliff - Section 2 consists of 308 wild populations within the historical ecosystem (Table 3). Wet Cliff - Section ac (125 ha) in the dry cliff ecosystem, range of the species. Due to the small 1 is not known to be occupied by the including cliffs and ridges extending numbers of individuals or low plants Chamaesyce remyi var. from Kanakou to Keanapuka and along population sizes of each of these kauaiensis, Cyanea dolichopoda, Manono Ridge, surrounding the hanging species, each requires suitable habitat Cyrtandra oenobarbara, Cyrtandra valley Pohakuao, in the Na Pali Coast and space for expansion or paliku, Dubautia plantaginea ssp. State Park (Figure 5). The entire section reintroduction to achieve a population magnifolia, Lysimachia iniki, is State-owned and within previously level that could approach recovery. Lysimachia pendens, Lysimachia designated critical habitat; it falls within Kauai—Wet Cliff—Section 1 venosa, and Platydesma rostrata. We Critical Habitat Unit 11 of 50 CFR 17.99, have, however, determined this area to Map 67a. This section is occupied by Wet Cliff - Section 1 consists of 190 be essential for the conservation and the plant Chamaesyce eleanoriae and ac (77 ha) in the wet cliff ecosystem, recovery of these wet cliff species includes the dry cliffs, the moisture including cliffs along the rim of Kalalau because it provides the physical and Valley from Alealeau to Pihea, on State- regime, and subcanopy and understory biological features necessary for the owned land in the Na Pali Coast State plant species identified as PCEs in the reestablishment of wild populations dry cliff ecosystem (Table 3). Dry Cliff Park and the Hono o Na Pali NAR within the historical range of the - Section 3 is not known to be occupied (Figure 6-A). The entire section is species. Due to the small numbers of by the plants Lysimachia scopulensis, within previously designated critical Schiedea attenuata, and Stenogyne habitat, falling within Critical Habitat individuals or low population sizes of kealiae. We have, however, determined Unit 11 of 50 CFR 17.99, Map 70b, and each of these species, each requires this area to be essential for the is occupied by the plant Chamaesyce suitable habitat and space for expansion conservation and recovery of these dry remyi var. remyi. This section includes or reintroduction to achieve a cliff species because it provides the the wet cliffs, the moisture regime, and population level that could approach physical and biological features subcanopy and understory plant species recovery.

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00059 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 62650 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00060 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 EP21oc08.010 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62651

BILLING CODE 4310–55–S falls within Critical Habitat Unit 10 of by the plants Chamaesyce remyi var. Kauai—Wet Cliff—Section 2 50 CFR 17.99, Map 36b. The newly remyi, Cyrtandra paliku, and proposed portion of the section Lysimachia venosa. We have, however, Wet Cliff - Section 2 consists of 784 comprises Critical Habitat Unit 19 of 50 determined this area to be essential for ac (317 ha) in the wet cliff ecosystem, CFR 17.99, Map 217b. This section is the conservation and recovery of these and includes the cliffs at the headwaters occupied by the plants Chamaesyce wet cliff species because it provides the of the Wailua River or ‘‘Blue Hole,’’ on remyi var. kauaiensis, Cyanea physical and biological features State (778 ac, 315 ha) and privately dolichopoda, Cyrtandra oenobarba, necessary for the reestablishment of owned (7 ac, 3 ha) land in the Lihue- Dubautia plantaginea ssp. magnifolia, wild populations within the historical Koloa Forest Reserve (Figure 6-B). There Lysimachia iniki, Lysimachia pendens, range of the species. Due to the small are 489 ac (198 ha) within previously and Platydesma rostrata. The section numbers of individuals or low designated critical habitat and 296 ac includes the wet cliffs, the moisture population sizes of each of these (120 ha) of newly proposed critical regime, and subcanopy and understory species, each requires suitable habitat habitat on State-owned land. The plant species identified as PCEs in the and space for expansion or portion of the section that is in wet cliff ecosystem (Table 3). Wet Cliff reintroduction to achieve a population previously designated critical habitat - Section 2 is not known to be occupied level that could approach recovery.

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00061 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 62652 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00062 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4725 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 EP21oc08.011 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62653

Kauai—Wet Cliff—Section 3 the section comprises Critical Habitat venosa, and Platydesma rostrata. We Unit 20 of 50 CFR 17.99, Map 217c. This have, however, determined this area to Wet Cliff - Section 3 consists of 61 ac section is occupied by the plant be essential for the conservation and (24 ha) in the wet cliff ecosystem, Cyrtandra paliku, and includes the wet recovery of these wet cliff species including cliffs below Kekoiki, on State cliffs, the moisture regime, and because it provides the physical and (8 ac, 3 ha) and privately owned (53 ac, subcanopy and understory plant species biological features necessary for the 22 ha) land in the Halelea, Moloaa and identified as PCEs in the wet cliff reestablishment of wild populations Kealia forest reserves (Figure 6-C). There ecosystem (Table 3). Wet Cliff - Section within the historical range of the are 23 ac (9 ha) of newly proposed 3 is not known to be occupied by the species. Due to the small numbers of critical habitat on privately owned land plants Chamaesyce remyi var. individuals or low population sizes of within this section. That portion of the kauaiensis, Chamaesyce remyi var. each of these species, each requires section that falls within previously remyi, Cyanea dolichopoda, Cyrtandra suitable habitat and space for expansion designated critical habitat falls within oenobarbara, Dubautia plantaginea ssp. or reintroduction to achieve a Critical Habitat Unit 4 of 50 CFR 17.99, magnifolia, Lysimachia iniki, population level that could approach Map 5a. The newly proposed portion of Lysimachia pendens, Lysimachia recovery.

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00063 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 62654 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

BILLING CODE 4310–55–C

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00064 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 EP21oc08.012 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62655

Effects of Critical Habitat Designation • Can be implemented consistent ability for the primary constituent with the scope of the Federal agency’s elements to be functionally established. Section 7 Consultation legal authority and jurisdiction, Activities that may destroy or adversely Section 7(a)(2) of the Act requires • Are economically and modify critical habitat are those that Federal agencies, including the Service, technologically feasible, and alter the PCEs to an extent that • to ensure that actions they fund, Would, in the Director’s opinion, appreciably reduces the conservation authorize, or carry out are not likely to avoid jeopardizing the continued value of critical habitat for the species destroy or adversely modify critical existence of the listed species or included in this proposed rule. habitat. Decisions by the 5th and 9th destroying or adversely modifying Generally, the role of the critical habitat Circuit Court of Appeals have critical habitat. areas is to support the essential invalidated our definition of Reasonable and prudent alternatives conservation needs of the 47 species ‘‘destruction or adverse modification’’ can vary from slight project identified in this proposed rule; we modifications to extensive redesign or (50 CFR 402.02) (see Gifford Pinchot have determined that this critical relocation of the project. Costs Task Force v. U.S. Fish and Wildlife habitat is not only necessary for the associated with implementing a Service, 378 F. 3d 1059 (9th Cir. 2004) species’ survival, but is also essential to reasonable and prudent alternative are and Sierra Club v. U.S. Fish and achieve the recovery of these species. similarly variable. Section 4(b)(8) of the Act requires us Wildlife Service et al., 245 F.3d 434, Regulations at 50 CFR 402.16 require 442F (5th Cir. 2001)), and we do not rely to briefly evaluate and describe, in any Federal agencies to reinitiate proposed or final regulation that on this regulatory definition when consultation on previously reviewed analyzing whether an action is likely to designates critical habitat, activities actions in instances where we have involving a Federal action that may destroy or adversely modify critical listed a new species or subsequently habitat. Under the statutory provisions destroy or adversely modify such designated critical habitat that may be habitat, or that may be affected by such of the Act, an important factor in affected and the Federal agency has determinig whether an action will designation. Activities that, when retained discretionary involvement or carried out, funded, or authorized by a destroy or adversely modify critical control over the action (or the agency’s habitat is whether, with implementation Federal agency, may destroy or discretionary involvement or control is adversely modify critical habitat for the of the proposed Federal action, the authorized by law). Consequently, affected critical habitat would remain 47 species, and therefore may be Federal agencies may sometimes need to affected by this proposed designation, functional (or retain the current ability request reinitiation of consultation with for the PCEs to be functionally include, but are not limited to: us on actions for which formal (1)Activities that might appreciably established) to serve its intended consultation has been completed, if conservation role for the species. degrade or destroy the primary those actions with discretionary constituent elements for the species If a species is listed or critical habitat involvement or control may affect including, but not limited to, the is designated, section 7(a)(2) of the Act subsequently listed species or following: Overgrazing; maintaining or requires Federal agencies to ensure that designated critical habitat. increasing feral ungulate levels; clearing activities they authorize, fund, or carry Federal activities that may affect the or cutting native live trees and shrubs out are not likely to jeopardize the species included in this proposed rule (e.g., woodcutting, bulldozing, continued existence of the species or to or their designated critical habitat construction, road building, mining, destroy or adversely modify its critical require section 7 consultation under the herbicide application); and taking habitat. If a Federal action may affect a Act. Activities on State, Tribal, local, or actions that pose a risk of fire. listed species or its critical habitat, the private lands requiring a Federal permit (2)Activities that may alter watershed responsible Federal agency (action (such as a permit from the U.S. Army characteristics in ways that would agency) must enter into consultation Corps of Engineers under section 404 of appreciably reduce groundwater with us. Consultation may be concluded the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. 1251 et recharge or alter natural, wetland, or through our issuance, as appropriate, of: seq.) or a permit from us under section vegetative communities. Such activities (1) A concurrence letter for Federal 10 of the Act) or involving some other include new water diversion or actions that may affect, but are not Federal action (such as funding from the impoundment, excess groundwater likely to adversely affect, listed species Federal Highway Administration, pumping, and manipulation of or critical habitat; or Federal Aviation Administration, or the vegetation through activities such as the (2) A biological opinion for Federal Federal Emergency Management ones mentioned above. actions that may affect, and are likely to Agency) are subject to the section 7 (3)Recreational activities that may adversely affect, listed species or critical consultation process. Federal actions appreciably degrade vegetation. habitat. not affecting listed species or critical (4)Mining sand or other minerals. habitat, and actions on State, Tribal, (5)Introducing or encouraging the When we issue a biological opinion local, or private lands that are not spread of nonnative plant species. concluding that a project is likely to federally funded, authorized, or (6)Importing nonnative species for jeopardize the continued existence of a permitted, do not require section 7 research, agriculture, and aquaculture, listed species or destroy or adversely consultations. and releasing biological control agents. modify critical habitat, we also provide reasonable and prudent alternatives to Application of the ‘‘Adverse Exemptions and Exclusions the project, if any are identifiable. We Modification’’ Standard Application of Section 4(a)(3) of the define ‘‘Reasonable and prudent The key factor related to the adverse Act alternatives’’ at 50 CFR 402.02 as modification determination is whether, alternative actions identified during with implementation of the proposed The National Defense Authorization consultation that: Federal action, the affected critical Act for Fiscal Year 2004 (Pub. L. 108- • Can be implemented in a manner habitat would continue to serve its 136) amended the Act to limit areas consistent with the intended purpose of intended conservation role for the eligible for designation as critical the action, species, or would retain its current habitat. Specifically, section 4(a)(3)(B)(i)

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00065 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 62656 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

of the Act (16 U.S.C. 1533(a)(3)(B)(i)) for the area, or whether there are Wet 1, 2, 3; Dry Cliff 1, 2; and Wet Cliff now provides: ‘‘The Secretary shall not conservation partnerships that would be 1, 2, 3 overlap in whole or in part with designate as critical habitat any lands or encouraged or discouraged by critical habitat units designated in the other geographical areas owned or designation of, or exclusion from, 2003 rule. Only proposed Montane controlled by the Department of critical habitat in an area. In addition, Mesic – Section 3 does not overlap any Defense, or designated for its use, that we look at the presence of Tribal lands previously designated critical habitat are subject to an integrated natural or Tribal trust resources that might be unit. (See Table 5 for cross-reference of resources management plan prepared affected, and consider the government- ecosystem section numbers with critical under section 101 of the Sikes Act (16 to-government relationship of the habitat unit numbers in the CFR). U.S.C. 670a), if the Secretary determines United States with Tribal entities. We The final economic analysis for the in writing that such plan provides a also consider any social impacts the 2003 rule estimates that the listing of benefit to the species for which critical might occur because of the designation. the 83 plants and the designation of this habitat is proposed for designation.’’ This discussion of the potential critical habitat could result in potential There are no Department of Defense economic and other impacts of critical direct economic effects ranging from lands with a completed integrated habitat designation is separate from and approximately $170,000 to $520,000. Of natural resources management plan has not been considered in the proposed that, we estimate that $37,388 to within the proposed critical habitat listing rule. The inclusion of this $293,030 could be attributable to critical designation. information in the proposed rule is habitat in the units that overlap with the solely for the purpose of soliciting areas !proposedin this proposed rule. Application of Section 4(b)(2) of the public comments on the proposed On March 29, 2002, we published a Act critical habitat designation, not the notice in the Federal Register (67 FR proposed listing. 15159), announcing the availability of a Section 4(b)(2) of the Act states that In developing this proposal, we have draft economic analysis for the the Secretary must designate and revise determined that the lands within the proposed designation of 16.3 miles (26.3 critical habitat on the basis of the best proposed designation of critical habitat kilometers (km)) of main stream channel available scientific data after taking into for the 47 species are not owned or in nine critical habitat units for consideration the economic impact, managed by the Department of Defense, Newcomb’s snail (Erinna newcombi) on national security impact, and any other there are currently no HCPs for these Kauai. The draft economic analysis relevant impact of specifying any species, and the proposed designation covers the 10–year timeframe from particular area as critical habitat. The does not include any Tribal lands or 2002-2012, and identifies the total Secretary may exclude an area from trust resources. As such, we do not section 7 consultation costs, and the critical habitat if he determines that the anticipate any impacts to national incremental costs attributable to critical benefits of such exclusion outweigh the security, Tribal lands, or HCPs from this habitat (DEA ES-7). benefits of specifying such area as part proposed critical habitat designation. On August 20, 2002, the final rule (67 of the critical habitat, unless he FR 54026) designated eight stream determines, based on the best scientific Economic Analysis segments and associated tributaries, data available, that the failure to On May 28, 2002, we published a springs and seeps, and adjacent riparian designate such area as critical habitat document in the Federal Register areas on the island of Kauai totaling will result in the extinction of the announcing the availability of the draft 12.28 miles of stream channel and 4,479 species. In making that determination, economic analysis (DEA) for the acres (1,813 ha) as critical habitat for the legislative history is clear that the proposed designation of 99,206 acres Newcomb’s snail. It was determined Secretary has broad discretion regarding (40,147 ha) of critical habitat on Kauai that the designation could result in which factor(s) to use and how much for 83 Kauai plants (67 FR 36851). The potential economic effects of $28,500, weight to give to any factor. draft economic analysis covered the 10– with $19,500 of this cost attributable to Under section 4(b)(2) of the Act, in year timeframe from 2002-2012, and critical habitat. No critical habitat units considering whether to exclude a characterizes both the total section 7 in the proposed rule were excluded or particular area from the designation, we consultation cost, and the costs modified in the final rule because of must identify the benefits of including attributable to critical habitat (DEA VI- economic impacts. the area in the designation, identify the 1). On February 27, 2003, the final rule The Na Pali Coast Streams/Critical benefits of excluding the area from the (2003 rule) designated 52,549 acres Habitat Unit I designated as critical designation, and determine whether the (21,266 ha) as critical habitat on Kauai habitat for the Newcomb’s snail (67 FR benefits of exclusion outweigh the and 357 acres (145 ha) on Niihau, in 217 54054), encompasses 609 acres (246 benefits of inclusion. If based on this critical habitat units (68 FR 9116). The ha)). This unit is under State ownership analysis, we make this determination, final economic analysis addendum was and partially overlaps with three of the then we can exclude the area only if adjusted to delete costs related to units proposed critical habitat areas in this such exclusion would not result in the that were excluded or modified for rule (Dry Cliff – Section 2, Lowland extinction of the species. biological reasons and to respond to Mesic – Section 2, and Lowland Mesic Under section 4(b)(2) of the Act, we public comments. No critical habitat – Section 4; see Table 5 for cross- must consider all relevant impacts, units in the proposed rule were reference with critical habitat unit including economic impacts. In excluded or modified in the final rule numbers in the CFR). Of the $19,500 in addition to economic impacts, we because of economic impacts. potential costs that were identified in consider a number of factors in a section Ninety-four percent (26,026 acres of the Newcomb’s snail final critical 4(b)(2) analysis. For example, we 27,674 acres) of the critical habitat in habitat designation, we estimate that consider whether there are lands owned this proposed rule, encompassing all or $1,574 could be attributable to the area or managed by the Department of part of 21 sections, occurs within 6 of overlapping this proposal. The three Defense (DOD) where a national security the units that were designated in 2003. critical habitat areas identified above impact might exist. We also consider Proposed ecosystem sections Lowland also overlap with areas that were whether landowners have developed Mesic 1, 2, 3, 4, 5; Lowland Wet 1, 2, designated as critical habitat in the 2003 any habitat conservation plans (HCPs) 3, 4, 5, 6; Montane Mesic 1, 2; Montane final rule for 83 Kauai plants.

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00066 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62657

The PCEs described in the 2003 rule critical habitat designation in these potential economic or other impacts of and those for the 47 species areas. this proposed critical habitat prop!osedhere are similar. Because of In summary, the areas being proposed designation (see ‘‘Public Comments’’ this similarity, no additional economic as critical habitat are remote, lack section). We are not proposing to costs are anticipated for the 26,026 acres development potential, and overlap exclude any areas under section 4(b)(2) (10,523 ha) of proposed critical habitat with existing critical habitat units by of the Act at this time. However, based that overlaps with the 2003 rule beyond approximately 94 percent. The on public comment on this proposed those identified in the previous economic analyses for the 83 Kauai critical habitat designation, we may economic analyses. Any management plants and the Newcomb’s snail final exclude areas from the final critical actions that may be necessary to avoid critical habitat rules took into account habitat designation under section 4(b)(2) adverse modification of the existing the potential economic costs of critical of the Act. critical habitat and PCEs in the 26,026 habitat designation over a 10–year Peer Review overlapping acres (10,532 ha) would timeframe (2002-2012). We have likely coincidentally be adequate to determined that over that timeframe, In accordance with our joint policy avoid adverse modification of critical $38,862 to $294,604 in costs could be published in the Federal Register on habitat for the additional species being attributable to critical habitat July 1, 1994 (59 FR 34270), we are considered in this proposed rule. designation in the units that overlap obtaining the expert opinions of at least Furthermore, in both cases the adverse with the critical habitat areas proposed three appropriate independent modification standard considered both in this rule. Moreover, since these specialists regarding this proposed rule. the conservation and recovery of the designations in 2002 and 2003, we have The purpose of peer review is to ensure species as the goal of critical habitat. We had no section 7 consultations for any that our critical habitat designation is are unaware of any new potential of those overlapping lands. The based on scientifically sound data, impacts in these overlap areas that were management actions that may be assumptions, and analyses. We have not considered in the previous necessary to avoid adverse modification posted our proposed peer review plan economic analyses, but are seeking in existing critical habitat units would on our website at http://www.fws.gov/ updated information from the public likely also be adequate to avoid adverse pacific/informationquality/index.htm. during the comment period on this modification of critical habitat being We will send these peer reviewers proposed rule. proposed for the 47 Kauai species in copies of this proposed rule, this rule because of the similar PCEs, immediately following publication in We are proposing to designate as and in both cases the consideration of critical habitat approximately 1,646 the Federal Register. We have invited possible adverse modification similarly these peer reviewers to comment during acres (667 ha) in six ecosystem areas holds to the standard of species that do not completely overlap with this public comment period on our recovery. The remaining 6 percent specific assumptions and conclusions in existing critical habitat units designated (1,646 acres, 667 ha) of land we are in the final rules for the 83 Kauai this proposed designation of critical proposing as critical habitat in this rule habitat. species and/or Newcomb’s snail. that does not overlap with existing We will consider all comments and Montane Mesic – Section 2 includes 7.8 critical habitat is managed as State Parks information we receive during the acres (3.16 ha) classified as State Parks and Recreation Land (7.8 acres, 3.16 ha), and Recreation lands; Montane Mesic – State Forest Reserve (1,550 acres, 627 comment period on this proposed rule Section 3 includes 138 acres (55.8 ha) ha), or is owned by private individuals during our preparation of a final classified as State Forest Reserve lands; (88 acres, 35.6 ha). We have no section determination. Accordingly, our final Montane Wet – Section 1 includes 1,116 7 consultat!ionhistory in these areas and decision may differ from this proposal. acres (452 ha) classified as State Forest are unaware of any planned activities Public Hearings Reserve lands (the remainder of the unit that would require consultation. is classified as State Conservation Area); Our draft analysis of the potential The Act provides for one or more Wet Cliff – Section 2 includes 296 acres economic impacts posed by the critical public hearings on this proposal, if we (3 ha) classified as State Forest Reserve habitat designation proposed here is receive any requests for hearings. We lands; Lowland Wet – Section 1 available by mail from the Pacific must receive your request for a public includes 65 acres (26.3) in the Limahuli Islands Fish and Wildlife Office (see FOR hearing within 45 days after the date of Garden and Preserve, which is owned FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT) or for this Federal Register publication. Send by the National Tropical Botanical download at http:// your request to the person named in the Garden (NTBG); and Wet Cliff – Section www.regulations.gov. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT 3 includes 23 acres of privately owned We do not anticipate more than section, above. We will schedule public land (see Table 5 for cross-reference minimal (if any) economic or other hearings on this proposal, if any are with critical habitat unit numbers in the impacts that would be additive to those requested, and announce the dates, CFR). There is no history of section 7 already identified above. To ensure that times, and place of the hearing, as well !consultation in these areas, nor are we our final critical habitat determination as how to obtain reasonable aware of any planned activities in any is based on the best available data, we accommodations, in the Federal of these areas that would require section are requesting updated information on Register and local newspapers at least 7 consultation in the future. To the potential effects of this additional 15 days before the first public hearing. extent there may be consultations in the designation in overlap areas, as well as Persons needing reasonable future on, for example, Federal grants to information on potential impacts from accommodations to attend and assist the NTBG in managing its lands critical habitat designation on lands not participate in a public hearing should or maintenance of an existing power currently designated (e.g., the non- contact the Pacific Islands Fish and transmission line on the private land in overlap areas), during the comment Wildlife Office at (808) 792-9400 as Wet Cliff – Section 3, any additional period. We will fully consider any new soon as possible. To allow sufficient costs are expected to be minimal. information or data in our final time to process requests, please call no However, we are also seeking public determination. We are hereby soliciting later than one week before the hearing comment on the potential costs of comments from the public on any date. Information regarding this

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00067 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 62658 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

proposal is available in alternative special trade contractors doing less than associated with a biological opinion that formats upon request. $11.5 million in annual business, and has found adverse modification of agricultural businesses with annual critical habitat. An agency or applicant Required Determinations sales less than $750,000. To determine could alternatively choose to seek an Regulatory Planning and Review if potential economic impacts to these exemption from the requirements of the The Office of Management and Budget small entities are significant, we Act or proceed without implementing (OMB) has determined that this rule is consider the types of activities that the reasonable and prudent alternative. might trigger regulatory impacts under However, unless an exemption were not significant under Executive Order this rule, as well as the types of project obtained, the Federal agency or 12866 (E.O. 12866). OMB bases its modifications that may result. In applicant would be at risk of violating determination upon the following four general, the term ‘‘significant economic section 7(a)(2) of the Act if it chose to criteria: impact’’ is meant to apply to a typical proceed without implementing the (a) Whether the rule will have an small business firm’s business reasonable and prudent alternatives. We annual effect of $100 million or more on operations. may also identify discretionary the economy or adversely affect an To determine if a designation of conservation recommendations economic sector, productivity, jobs, the critical habitat could significantly affect designed to minimize or avoid the environment, or other units of the a substantial number of small entities, adverse effects of a proposed action on government. we consider the number of small critical habitat, help implement (b) Whether the rule will create entities affected within particular types recovery plans, or to develop inconsistencies with other Federal of economic activities (e.g., housing information that could contribute to the agencies’ actions. development, grazing, oil and gas recovery of the species. (c) Whether the rule will materially production, timber harvesting). We Within the proposed critical habitat affect entitlements, grants, user fees, apply the ‘‘substantial number’’ test designation, the types of actions or loan programs, or the rights and individually to each industry to authorized activities that we have obligations of their recipients. determine if certification is appropriate. identified as potential concerns and that (d) Whether the rule raises novel legal However, the SBREFA does not are subject to consultation under section or policy issues. explicitly define ‘‘substantial number’’ 7 if there is a Federal nexus include: Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 or ‘‘significant economic impact.’’ • Activities that might degrade or et seq.) Consequently, to assess whether a destroy the primary constituent ‘‘substantial number’’ of small entities is elements for the species including, but Under the Regulatory Flexibility Act affected by this designation, this not limited to, the following: Grazing; (RFA; 5 U.S.C. 601 et seq., as amended analysis considers the relative number maintaining or increasing feral ungulate by the Small Business Regulatory of small entities likely to be impacted in levels; clearing or cutting native live Enforcement Fairness Act (SBREFA) of an area. In some circumstances, trees and shrubs (e.g., woodcutting, 1996), whenever an agency must especially with critical habitat bulldozing, construction, road building, publish a notice of rulemaking for any designations of limited extent, we may mining, herbicide application); and proposed or final rule, it must prepare aggregate across all industries and taking actions that pose a risk of fire. and make available for public comment consider whether the total number of • Activities that may alter watershed a regulatory flexibility analysis that small entities affe!cted issubstantial. In characteristics in ways that would describes the effects of the rule on small estimating the number of small entities reduce groundwater recharge or alter entities (small businesses, small potentially affected, we also consider natural, wetland, or vegetative organizations, and small government whether their activities have any communities. Such activities include jurisdictions). However, no regulatory Federal involvement. new water diversion or impoundment, flexibility analysis is required if the Designation of critical habitat only groundwater pumping, and head of the agency certifies the rule will affects activities carried out, funded, or manipulation of vegetation through not have a significant economic impact permitted by Federal agencies. Some activities such as the ones mentioned on a substantial number of small kinds of activities are unlikely to have above. entities. SBREFA amended RFA to any Federal involvement and so will not • Recreational activities that may require Federal agencies to provide a be affected by critical habitat degrade vegetation. statement of the factual basis for designation. If there is a Federal nexus, • Mining sand or other minerals. certifying that the rule will not have a Federal agencies will be required to • Introducing or encouraging the significant economic impact on a consult with us under section 7 of the spread of nonnative plant species. substantial number of small entities. Act on activities they fund, permit, or • Importing nonnative species for Small entities include small carry out that may affect critical habitat. research, agriculture, and aquaculture, organizations, such as independent If we conclude, in a biological opinion, and releasing biological control agents. nonprofit organizations; small that a proposed action is likely to None of the proposed critical habitat governmental jurisdictions, including destroy or adversely modify critical units contains significant residential, school boards and city and town habitat, we can offer ‘‘reasonable and commercial, industrial, or golf-course governments that serve fewer than prudent alternatives.’’ Reasonable and projects; crop farming; or intensive 50,000 residents; as well as small prudent alternatives are alternative livestock operations. Few projects are businesses. Small businesses include actions that can be implemented in a planned for locations in the proposed manufacturing and mining concerns manner consistent with the scope of the critical habitat. This situation reflects with fewer than 500 employees, Federal agency’s legal authority and the fact that (1) most of the land is wholesale trade entities with fewer than jurisdiction, that are economically and unsuitable for development, farming, or 100 employees, retail and service technologically feasible, and that would other economic activities due to the businesses with less than $5 million in avoid destroying or adversely modifying rugged mountain terrain, lack of access, annual sales, general and heavy critical habitat. A Federal agency and an and remote locations; and (2) existing construction businesses with less than applicant may elect to implement a land-use controls severely limit $27.5 million in annual business, reasonable and prudent alternative development and most other economic

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00068 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62659

activities in the mountainous interior of proposing to designate critical habitat a significant effect on a substantial Kauai. Although some existing and on a total of 27,674 ac (11,199 ha) of number of small entities, for the reasons continuing activities involve the land. Ninety-four percent (26,028 ac described above. However, we will defer operation and maintenance of existing (10,533 ha)) of this proposed critical making a final RFA finding in order to manmade features and structures in habitat designation is already allow the public an opportunity to certain areas, these areas do not contain designated critical habitat for one or comment on potential economic the primary constituent elements for the more species, and six percent (1,646 ac consequences of this critical habitat species, and would not be impacted by (666 ha)) of the proposed designation is proposal. on lands newly proposed as critical the designation. Any existing and Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (2 habitat. However, none of the Federal planned projects, land uses, and U.S.C. 1501 et seq.) activities that could affect the proposed actions that were subject to previous critical habitat but have no Federal section 7 consultation are on the lands In accordance with the Unfunded involvement would not require section we are proposing as critical habitat in Mandates Reform Act (2 U.S.C. 1501 et 7 consultation with the Service, so they this rule. Therefore, there is no seq.), we make the following findings: are not restricted by the requirements of requirement to reinitiate consultation (a) This designation of critical habitat the Act. Finally, for the anticipated for any ongoing Federal projects. will not produce a Federal mandate. In projects and activities that will have Moreover, in the 2001 economic general, a Federal mandate is a Federal involvement, many are analysis of the designation of critical provision in legislation, statute, or conservation efforts that will not habitat for 83 species of plants from the regulation that would impose an negatively impact the species or their islands of Kauai and Niihau, we enforceable duty upon State, local, or habitat, so they will be subject to a evaluated the potential economic effects Tribal governments, or the private sector, and includes both ‘‘Federal minimal level of informal section 7 on s!mall business entities resulting intergovernmental mandates’’ and consultation. We anticipate that a from the protection of these plant ‘‘Federal private sector mandates.’’ developer or other project proponent species and their habitat related to the These terms are defined in 2 U.S.C. could modify a project or take measures proposed designation of critical habitat 658(5)-(7). ‘‘Federal intergovernmental to protect the 47 Kauai species. The and determined that it would not have mandate’’ includes a regulation that kinds of actions that may be included if a significant economic impact on a ‘‘would impose an enforceable duty future reasonable and prudent substantial number of small entities. upon State, local, or Tribal alternatives become necessary include The RFA/SBREFA defines ‘‘small governments’’ with two exceptions. It conservation set-asides, management of governmental jurisdiction’’ as the excludes ‘‘a condition of Federal competing nonnative species, government of a city, county, town, school district, or special district with a assistance.’’ It also excludes ‘‘a duty restoration of degraded habitat, and arising from participation in a voluntary regular monitoring. These measures are population of less than 50,000. By this definition, Kauai County is not a small Federal program,’’ unless the regulation not likely to result in a significant ‘‘relates to a then-existing Federal economic impact to project proponents. governmental jurisdiction because its population was 58,463 in 2000. Certain program under which $500,000,000 or In addition, Federal agencies may also State agencies may be affected by the more is provided annually to State, need to reinitiate a previous proposed critical habitat designation— local, and Tribal governments under consultation if discretionary such as the Department of Land and entitlement authority,’’ if the provision involvement or control over the Federal Natural Resources and the State would ‘‘increase the stringency of action has been retained or is authorized Department of Transportation. However, conditions of assistance’’ or ‘‘place caps by law and the activities may affect for the purposes of the RFA, State upon, or otherwise decrease, the Federal critical habitat. However, between 2002 governments are considered Government’s responsibility to provide and 2007, there have been no formal independent sovereigns, not small funding,’’ and the State, local, or Tribal consultations and 55 informal governments. Because of Federal governments ‘‘lack authority’’ to adjust consultations on Kauai, in addition to involvement, The Nature Conservancy accordingly. At the time of enactment, consultations on Federal grants to State in Hawaii (TNC) and the National these entitlement programs were: wildlife programs (which would not Tropical Botanical Gardens (NTBG) Medicaid; AFDC work programs; Child affect small entities). The majority of the could be affected by the proposed Nutrition; Food Stamps; Social Services consultations were related to project critical habitat designation and would Block Grants; Vocational Rehabilitation effects on seabird flyways, nesting by possibly be considered to be small State Grants; Foster Care, Adoption endangered waterbirds, or roosting by organizations. The SBREFA defines Assistance, and Independent Living; the endangered Hawaiian hoary bat or ‘‘small organization’’ as any not-for- Family Support Welfare Services; and ope ape a. Several consultations were profit enterprise which is independently Child Support Enforcement. ‘‘Federal conducted with the U.S. Department of owned and operated and is not private sector mandate’’ includes a Agriculture (Natural Resources dominant in its field. We determined regulation that ‘‘would impose an Conservation Service (NRCS)) for that TNC and NTBG are both large enforceable duty upon the private proposed funding for habitat restoration organizations that are dominant in sector, except (i) a condition of Federal projects under the auspices of the Kauai County in their respective fields. assistance or (ii) a duty arising from Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program The significant overlap between the participation in a voluntary Federal (WHIP), and one was conducted with critical habitat designation for the 83 program.’’ the Navy for weed removal at the Pacific species and this proposed critical (b) The designation of critical habitat Missile Range Facility (PMRF). Five of habitat designation is further evidence does not impose a legally binding duty the 55 informal consultations concerned that this proposal will not have a on non-Federal Government entities or designated critical habitat, and we significant economic impact on a private parties. Under the Act, the only concurred with each agency’s substantial number of small entities. regulatory effect is that Federal agencies determination that the project, as We have made an initial RFA finding must ensure that their actions do not proposed, was not likely to adversely that the proposed designation of critical destroy or adversely modify critical affect critical habitat. In this rule, we are habitat for the 47 species will not have habitat under section 7. While non-

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00069 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 62660 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

Federal entities that receive Federal more clearly defined, and the primary language. This means that each rule we funding, assistance, or permits, or that constituent elements of the habitat publish must: otherwise require approval or necessary to the conservation of the (a) Be logically organized; authorization from a Federal agency for species would be specifically identified. (b) Use the active voice to address an action, may be indirectly impacted This information would not alter where readers directly; by the designation of critical habitat, the and what federally sponsored activities (c) Use clear language rather than legally binding duty to avoid may occur. However, it may assist local jargon; destruction or adverse modification of governments in long-range planning (d) Be divided into short sections and critical habitat rests squarely on the (rather than having them wait for case- sentences; and Federal agency. Furthermore, to the by-case section 7 consultations to (e) Use lists and tables wherever extent that non-Federal entities are occur). possible. indirectly impacted because they If you feel that we have not met these receive Federal assistance or participate Civil Justice Reform requirements, send us comments by one of the methods listed in the ADDRESSES in a voluntary Federal aid program, the In accordance with E.O. 12988 (Civil section. To better help us revise the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act would Justice Reform), the Office of the rule, your comments should be as not apply, nor would critical habitat Solicitor has determined that the rule specific as possible. For example, you shift the costs of the large entitlement does not unduly burden the judicial should tell us the numbers of the programs listed above onto State system and that it meets the sections or paragraphs that are unclearly governments. requirements of sections 3(a) and 3(b)(2) written, which sections or sentences are We do not believe that this rule will of the Order. We have issued this too long, the sections where you feel significantly or uniquely affect small proposed critical habitat designation in lists or tables would be useful, etc. governments. The lands we are accordance with the provisions of the proposing for critical habitat Act. This proposed rule uses standard Government-to-Government designation are owned by the State of property descriptions and identifies the Relationship with Tribes Hawaii and private citizens. None of primary constituent elements within the In accordance with the President’s these entities fit the definition of ‘‘small designated areas to assist the public in governmental jurisdiction.’’ Therefore, a memorandum of April 29, 1994, understanding the habitat needs of each Government-to-Government Relations Small Government Agency Plan is not of the species being considered in this required. with Native American Tribal of the proposed rule. Interior’s manual at 512 DM 2, we Takings Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 readily acknowledge our responsibility In accordance with E.O. 12630 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.) to communicate meaningfully with (Government Actions and Interference recognized Federal Tribes on a with Constitutionally Protected Private This rule does not contain any new government-to-government basis. In Property Rights), we have analyzed the collections of information that require accordance with Secretarial Order 3206 potential takings implications of approval by OMB under the Paperwork of June 5, 1997 (American Indian Tribal designating critical habitat for each of Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3501 Rights, Federal-Tribal Trust the 47 species in a takings implications et seq.). This rule will not impose Responsibilities, and the Endangered assessment. The takings implications recordkeeping or reporting requirements Species Act), we readily acknowledge assessment concludes that this on State or local governments, our responsibilities to work directly designation of critical habitat for each of individuals, businesses, or with Tribes in developing programs for these species does not pose significant organizations. An agency may not healthy ecosystems, to acknowledge that takings implications for lands within or conduct or sponsor, and a person is not Tribal lands are not subject to the same affected by the proposed designation. required to respond to, a collection of controls as Federal public lands, to information unless it displays a remain sensitive to Indian culture, and Federalism currently valid OMB control number. to make information available to Tribes. In accordance with E.O. 13132 National Environmental Policy Act We have determined that there are no (Federalism), this proposed rule does Tribal lands essential for the not have significant Federalism effects. It is our position that, outside the conservation of the 48 Kauai species. A Federalism assessment is not jurisdiction of the United States Court of Therefore, this proposed designation of required. In keeping with Department of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit, we do not critical habitat does not involve any the Interior and Department of need to prepare environmental analyses Tribal lands. Commerce policy, we requested as defined by NEPA (42 U.S.C. 4321 et information from, and coordinated seq.) in connection with designating Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use development of, this proposed critical critical habitat under the Act. We On May 18, 2001, the President issued habitat designation with appropriate published a notice outlining our reasons an Executive Order (E.O. 13211; Actions State resource agencies in Hawaii. The for this determination in the Federal Concerning Regulations That designation of critical habitat for each of Register on October 25, 1983 (48 FR Significantly Affect Energy Supply, these species (excluding Pritchardia 49244). This assertion was upheld by Distribution, or Use) on regulations that hardyi for which no critical habitat has the United States Court of Appeals for significantly affect energy supply, been proposed) would impose no the Ninth Circuit (Douglas County v. distribution, and use. E.O. 13211 additional restrictions to those currently Babbitt, 48 F.3d 1495 (9th Cir. 1995), requires agencies to prepare Statements in place and, therefore, would have cert. denied 516 U.S. 1042 (1996)). of Energy Effects when undertaking little incremental impact on State and Clarity of the Rule certain actions. This proposed rule to local governments and their activities. designate critical habitat for 47 of the 48 The designation may have some benefit We are required by Executive Orders species is not a significant regulatory to these governments because the areas 12866 and 12988 and by the action under E.O. 12866 and we do not that contain the features essential to the Presidential Memorandum of June 1, expect it to significantly affect energy conservation of the species would be 1998, to write all rules in plain supplies, distribution, or use because

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00070 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62661

these areas are not presently used for List of Subjects in 50 CFR Part 17 Authority: 16 U.S.C. 1361–1407; 16 U.S.C. energy production, and we are unaware 1531–1544; 16 U.S.C. 4201–4245; Pub. L. 99– of any future plans in this regard. Endangered and threatened species, 625, 100 Stat. 3500; unless otherwise noted. Therefore, this action is not a significant Exports, Imports, Reporting and 2.Amend § 17.11(h), the List of energy action, and no Statement of recordkeeping requirements, and Endangered and Threatened Wildlife, as Energy Effects is required. Transportation. follows: a. By adding entries for ‘‘Akekee References Cited Proposed Regulation Promulgation (honeycreeper)’’ and ‘‘Akikiki (honeycreeper)’’ in alphabetical order A complete list of references cited in Accordingly, we propose to amend under BIRDS; and this rule is available upon request from part 17, subchapter B of chapter I, title b. By adding an entry for ‘‘Fly, the Field Supervisor, Pacific Islands 50 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Hawaiian picture-wing’’ (Drosophila Fish and Wildlife Office (see FOR as set forth below: attigua) in alphabetical order under FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT, above) INSECTS, to read as set forth below. or at http://www.regulations.gov. PART 17—[AMENDED] Author(s) § 17.11 Endangered and threatened 1. The authority citation for part 17 wildlife. The authors of this document are the continues to read as follows: * * * * * staff of the Fish and Wildlife Service. (h) * * *

Species Vertebrate pop- ulation where Historic range endangered or Status When listed Critical habitat Special rules Common name Scientific name threatened

*******

BIRDS

Akekee Loxops U.S.A. (HI) Entire E 17.95(b) NA (honeycreeper) caeruleirostris

*******

Akikiki Oreomystis U.S.A. (HI) Entire E 17.95(b) NA (honeycreeper) bairdi

*******

INSECTS

*******

Fly, Hawaiian Drosophila U.S.A. NA E 17.95(i) NA picture-wing attigua (HI)

*******

3. Amend § 17.12(h), the List of Dubautia plantaginea ssp. magnifolia, kealiae, Tetraplasandra bisattenuata, Endangered and Threatened Plants, as Dubautia waialealae, Geranium and Tetraplasandra flynnii in follows: kauaiense, Keysseria erici, Keysseria alphabetical order under FLOWERING a. By adding entries for Astelia helenae, Labordia helleri, Labordia PLANTS; and waialealae, Canavalia napaliensis, pumila, Lysimachia daphnoides, b. By adding entries for Diellia Chamaesyce eleanoriae, Chamaesyce Lysimachia iniki, Lysimachia pendens, mannii, Doryopteris angelica, and remyi var. kauaiensis, Chamaesyce Lysimachia scopulensis, Lysimachia Dryopteris crinalis var. podosorus in remyi var. remyi, Charpentiera venosa, Melicope degeneri, Melicope alphabetical order under FERNS AND densiflora, Cyanea dolichopoda, Cyanea paniculata, Melicope puberula, Myrsine ALLIES, to read as set forth below. eleeleensis, Cyanea kolekoleensis, knudsenii, Myrsine mezii, Phyllostegia Cyanea kuhihewa, Cyrtandra renovans, Pittosporum napaliense, § 17.12 Endangered and threatened plants. oenobarba, Cyrtandra paliku, Dubautia Platydesma rostrata, Pritchardia hardyi, * * * * * imbricata ssp. imbricate, Dubautia Psychotria grandiflora, Psychotria (h) * * * kalalauensis, Dubautia kenwoodii, hobdyi, Schiedea attenuata, Stenogyne

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00071 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 62662 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

Species Historic range Family Status When Critical Special Scientific name Common name listed habitat rules

FLOWERING PLANTS

* * * * * * *

Astelia waialealae Painiu U.S.A. (HI) Asteliaceae E 17.99(a) NA

* * * * * * *

Canavalia napaliensis Awikiwiki U.S.A. (HI) Fabaceae E 17.99(a) NA

* * * * * * *

Chamaesyce Akoko U.S.A. (HI) Euphorbiaceae E 17.99(a) NA eleanoriae

* * * * * * *

Chamaesyce remyi Akoko U.S.A. (HI) Euphorbiaceae E 17.99(a) NA var. kauaiensis

Chamaesyce remyi Akoko U.S.A. (HI) Euphorbiaceae E 17.99(a) NA var. remyi

* * * * * * *

Charpentiera Papala U.S.A. (HI) Amaranathaceae E 17.99(a) NA densiflora

* * * * * * *

Cyanea dolichopoda Haha U.S.A. (HI) Campanulaceae E 17.99(a) NA

* * * * * * *

Cyanea eleeleensis Haha U.S.A. (HI) Campanulaceae E 17.99(a) NA

* * * * * * *

Cyanea kolekoleensis Haha U.S.A. (HI) Campanulaceae E 17.99(a) NA

* * * * * * *

Cyanea kuhihewa Haha U.S.A. (HI) Campanulaceae E 17.99(a) NA

* * * * * * *

Cyrtandra oenobarba Haiwale U.S.A. (HI) Gesneriaceae E 17.99(a) NA

Cyrtandra paliku Haiwale U.S.A. (HI) Gesneriaceae E 17.99(a) NA

* * * * * * *

Dubautia imbricata Naenae U.S.A. (HI) Asteraceae E 17.99(a) NA ssp. imbricata

Dubautia kalalauensis Naenae U.S.A. (HI) Asteraceae E 17.99(a) NA

Dubautia kenwoodii Naenae U.S.A. (HI) Asteraceae E 17.99(a) NA

* * * * * * *

Dubautia plantaginea Naenae U.S.A. (HI) Asteraceae E 17.99(a) NA ssp. magnifolia

Dubautia waialealae Naenae U.S.A. (HI) Asteraceae E 17.99(a) NA

* * * * * * *

Geranium kauaiense Nohoanu U.S.A. (HI) Geraniaceae E 17.99(a) NA

* * * * * * *

Keysseria erici No common name U.S.A. (HI) Asteraceae E 17.99(a) NA

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00072 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62663

Species Historic range Family Status When Critical Special Scientific name Common name listed habitat rules

Keysseria helenae No common name U.S.A. (HI) Asteraceae E 17.99(a) NA

* * * * * * *

Labordia helleri Kamakahala U.S.A. (HI) Loganiaceae E 17.99(a) NA

* * * * * * *

Labordia pumila Kamakahala U.S.A. (HI) Loganiaceae E 17.99(a) NA

* * * * * * *

Lysimachia Lehua makanoe U.S.A. (HI) Myrsinaceae E 17.99(a) NA daphnoides

* * * * * * *

Lysimachia iniki No common name U.S.A. (HI) Myrsinaceae E 17.99(a) NA

* * * * * * *

Lysimachia pendens No common name U.S.A. (HI) Myrsinaceae E 17.99(a) NA

Lysimachia No common name U.S.A. (HI) Myrsinaceae E 17.99(a) NA scopulensis

Lysimachia venosa No common name U.S.A. (HI) Myrsinaceae E 17.99(a) NA

* * * * * * *

Melicope degeneri Alani U.S.A. (HI) Rutaceae E 17.99(a) NA

* * * * * * *

Melicope paniculata Alani U.S.A. (HI) Rutaceae E 17.99(a) NA

Melicope puberula Alani U.S.A. (HI) Rutaceae E 17.99(a) NA

* * * * * * *

Myrsine knudsenii Kolea U.S.A. (HI) Myrsinaceae E 17.99(a) NA

* * * * * * *

Myrsine mezii Kolea U.S.A. (HI) Myrsinaceae E 17.99(a) NA

* * * * * * *

Phyllostegia renovans No common name U.S.A. (HI) Lamiaceae E 17.99(a) NA

* * * * * * *

Pittosporum Hoawa U.S.A. (HI) Pittosporaceae E 17.99(a) NA napaliense

* * * * * * *

Platydesma rostrata Pilo kea lau lii U.S.A. (HI) Rutaceae E 17.99(a) NA

* * * * * * *

Pritchardia hardyi Loulu U.S.A. (HI) Arecaceae E NA NA

* * * * * * *

Psychotria grandiflora Kopiko U.S.A. (HI) Rubiaceae E 17.99(a) NA

Psychotria hobdyi Kopiko U.S.A. (HI) Rubiaceae E 17.99(a) NA

* * * * * * *

Schiedea attenuata No common name U.S.A. (HI) Caryophyllaceae E 17.99(a) NA

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00073 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 62664 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

Species Historic range Family Status When Critical Special Scientific name Common name listed habitat rules

* * * * * * *

Stenogyne kealiae No common name U.S.A. (HI) Lamiaceae E 17.99(a) NA

* * * * * * *

Tetraplasandra No common name U.S.A. (HI) Araliaceae E 17.99(a) NA bisattenuata

Tetraplasandra flynnii No common name U.S.A. (HI) Araliaceae E 17.99(a) NA

* * * * * * *

FERNS AND ALLIES

* * * * * * *

Diellia mannii No common name U.S.A. (HI) Aspleniaceae E 17.99(a) NA

* * * * * * *

Doryopteris angelica No common name U.S.A. (HI) Pteridaceae E 17.99(a) NA

Dryopteris crinalis var. Palapalai aumakua U.S.A. (HI) Dryopteridaceae E 17.99(a) NA podosorus

* * * * * * *

4. Amend § 17.95 as follows: (B) Annual precipitation: 50 to 75 (F) Understory: Ferns, Carex, a. In paragraph (b), by adding critical inches (127 to 190 centimeters). Coprosma, Leptecophylla, Oreobolus, habitat for ‘‘Akekee (Loxops (C) Substrate: Weathered aa lava Rhynchospora, Vaccinium. caeruleirostris)’’ and ‘‘Akikiki flows, rocky mucks, thin silty loams, (G) Arthropod prey. (Oreomystis bairdi)’’ in the same deep volcanic ash soils. alphabetical order as these species occur (D) Canopy: Acacia, Metrosideros, (3) Existing manmade features and in the table at § 17.11(h); and Psychotria, Tetraplasandra, structures, such as buildings, roads, b. In paragraph (i), by adding critical Zanthoxylum. railroads, airports, runways, other paved habitat for ‘‘Hawaiian picture-wing fly (E) Subcanopy: Cheirodendron, areas, lawns, and other urban (Drosophila attigua)’’ in the same Coprosma, Hedyotis, Ilex, Myoporum, landscaped areas, do not contain one or alphabetical order as this species occurs Myrsine. more of the primary constituent in the table at § 17.11(h), to read as set (F) Understory: Bidens, Dryopteris, elements. Federal actions limited to forth below. Leptecophylla, Poa, Scaevola, Sophora. those areas, therefore, would not trigger (G) Arthropod prey. § 17.95 Critical habitat—fish and wildlife. (ii) In units 4, 5, and 6, the primary a consultation under section 7 of the Act unless they may affect the species or * * * * * constituent elements of critical habitat (b) Birds. for Akekee (Loxops caeruleirostris) are: primary constituent elements in Akekee (Loxops caeruleirostris) (A) Elevation: 3,000 to 6,600 ft (1,000 adjacent critical habitat. (1) Critical habitat units are depicted to 2,000 m). (4) Critical habitat maps. Maps were for Kauai County, Hawaii, on the maps (B) Annual precipitation: Greater than created in GIS, with coordinates in UTM below. 75 inches (190 centimeters). Zone 4, units in meters using North (2) Primary constituent elements. (C) Substrate: Well-developed soils, American datum of 1983 (NAD 83). (i) In units 1, 2, and 3, the primary montane bogs. constituent elements of critical habitat (D) Canopy: Acacia, Charpentiera, (5) Index map of critical habitat units for Akekee (Loxops caeruleirostris) are: Cheirodendron, Metrosideros. for Akekee (Loxops caeruleirostris) (A) Elevation: 3,000 to 6,600 ft (1,000 (E) Subcanopy: Broussaisia, Cibotium, follows: to 2,000 m). Eurya, Ilex, Myrsine. BILLING CODE 4310–55–S

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00074 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62665

(6) Unit 1, Kauai County, Hawaii. (i) [Reserved for textual description of (ii) Map of Unit 1 for Akekee (Loxops unit.] caeruleirostris) follows:

VerDate Aug<31>2005 18:16 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 214001 PO 00000 Frm 00075 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 EP21oc08.013 62666 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

(7) Unit 2, Kauai County, Hawaii. (ii) Map of Unit 2 for Akekee (Loxops (i) [Reserved for textual description of caeruleirostris) follows: unit.]

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00076 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 EP21oc08.014 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62667

(8) Unit 3, Kauai County, Hawaii. (ii) Map of Unit 3 for Akekee (Loxops (i) [Reserved for textual description of caeruleirostris) follows: unit.]

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00077 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 EP21oc08.015 62668 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

(9) Unit 4, Kauai County, Hawaii. (ii) Map of Unit 4 for Akekee (Loxops (i) [Reserved for textual description of caeruleirostris) follows: unit.]

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00078 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 EP21oc08.016 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62669

(10) Unit 5, Kauai County, Hawaii. (ii) Map of Unit 5 for Akekee (Loxops (i) [Reserved for textual description of caeruleirostris) follows: unit.]

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00079 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 EP21oc08.017 62670 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

(11) Unit 6, Kauai County, Hawaii. (ii) Map of Unit 6 for Akekee (Loxops (i) [Reserved for textual description of caeruleirostris) follows: unit.]

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00080 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 EP21oc08.018 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62671

Akikiki (Oreomystis bairdi) (1) Critical habitat units are depicted (2) The primary constituent elements for Kauai County, Hawaii, on the map of critical habitat for Akikiki below. (Oreomystis bairdi) are:

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00081 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 EP21oc08.019 62672 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

(i) Elevation: 3,000 to 6,600 ft (1,000 (vi) Understory: Ferns, Carex, those areas, therefore, would not trigger to 2,000 m). Coprosma, Leptecophylla, Oreobolus, a consultation under section 7 of the Act (ii) Annual precipitation: Greater than Rhynchospora, Vaccinium. unless they may affect the species or 75 inches (190 centimeters). (vii) Arthropod prey. primary constituent elements in (3) Existing manmade features and adjacent critical habitat. (iii) Substrate: Well-developed soils, structures, such as buildings, roads, (4) Critical habitat maps. Maps were montane bogs. railroads, airports, runways, other paved created in GIS, with coordinates in UTM (iv) Canopy: Acacia, Charpentiera, areas, lawns, and other urban Zone 4 with units in meters using North Cheirodendron, Metrosideros. landscaped areas, do not contain one or American datum of 1983 (NAD 83). (v) Subcanopy: Broussaisia, Cibotium, more of the primary constituent (5) Index map of critical habitat units Eurya, Ilex, Myrsine. elements. Federal actions limited to for Akikiki (Oreomystis bairdi) follows:

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00082 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4725 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 EP21oc08.020 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62673

(6) Unit 1, Kauai County, Hawaii. (ii) Map of Unit 1 for Akikiki (i) [Reserved for textual description of (Oreomystis bairdi) follows: unit.]

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00083 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 EP21oc08.021 62674 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

(7) Unit 2, Kauai County, Hawaii. (i) [Reserved for textual description of (ii) Map of Unit 2 for Akikiki unit.] (Oreomystis bairdi) follows:

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00084 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62675

(8) Unit 3, Kauai County, Hawaii. (ii) Map of Unit 3 for Akikiki (i) [Reserved for textual description of (Oreomystis bairdi) follows: unit.]

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00085 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 EP21oc08.022 62676 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00086 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4725 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 EP21oc08.023 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62677

* * * * * (E) Subcanopy: Cheirodendron, (G) Larval host plants (Cheirodendron (i) Insects. Coprosma, Hedyotis, Ilex, Myoporum, sp.). * * * * * Myrsine. (3) Existing manmade features and (F) Understory: Bidens, Dryopteris, Hawaiian picture-wing fly structures, such as buildings, roads, (Drosophila attigua) Leptecophylla, Poa, Scaevola, Sophora. (G) Larval host plants (Cheirodendron railroads, airports, runways, other paved (1) Critical habitat units are depicted areas, lawns, and other urban for Kauai County, Hawaii, on the maps sp.). (ii) In units 4, 5, and 6, the primary landscaped areas, do not contain one or below. constituent elements of critical habitat more of the primary constituent (2) Primary constituent elements. for Hawaiian picture-wing fly elements. Federal actions limited to (i) In units 1, 2, and 3, the primary (Drosophila attigua) are: those areas, therefore, would not trigger constituent elements of critical habitat (A) Elevation: 3,000 to 6,600 ft (1,000 a consultation under section 7 of the Act for Hawaiian picture-wing fly to 2,000 m). unless they may affect the species or (Drosophila attigua) are: (B) Annual precipitation: Greater than (A) Elevation: 3,000 to 6,600 ft (1,000 primary constituent elements in 75 inches (190 centimeters). adjacent critical habitat. to 2,000 m). (C) Substrate: Well-developed soils, (B) Annual precipitation: 50 to 75 montane bogs. (4) Critical habitat maps. Maps were inches (127 to 190 centimeters). (D) Canopy: Acacia, Charpentiera, created in GIS, with coordinates in UTM (C) Substrate: Weathered aa lava Cheirodendron, Metrosideros. Zone 4 with units in meters using North flows, rocky mucks, thin silty loams, (E) Subcanopy: Broussaisia, Cibotium, American datum of 1983 (NAD 83). deep volcanic ash soils. Eurya, Ilex, Myrsine. (5) Index map of critical habitat units (D) Canopy: Acacia, Metrosideros, (F) Understory: Ferns, Carex, for Hawaiian picture-wing fly Psychotria, Tetraplasandra, Coprosma, Leptecophylla, Oreobolus, (Drosophila attigua) follows: Zanthoxylum. Rhynchospora, Vaccinium.

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00087 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 62678 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

(6) Unit 1, Kauai County, Hawaii. (ii) Map of Unit 1 for Hawaiian (i) [Reserved for textual description of picture-wing fly (Drosophila attigua) unit.] follows:

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00088 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 EP21oc08.024 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62679

(7) Unit 2, Kauai County, Hawaii. (ii) Map of Unit 2 for Hawaiian (i) [Reserved for textual description of picture-wing fly (Drosophila attigua) unit.] follows:

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00089 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 EP21oc08.025 62680 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

(8) Unit 3, Kauai County, Hawaii. (ii) Map of Unit 3 for Hawaiian (i) [Reserved for textual description of picture-wing fly (Drosophila attigua) unit.] follows:

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00090 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 EP21oc08.026 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62681

(9) Unit 4, Kauai County, Hawaii. (i) [Reserved for textual description of (ii) Map of Unit 4 for Hawaiian unit.] picture-wing fly (Drosophila attigua) follows:

VerDate Aug<31>2005 18:16 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 214001 PO 00000 Frm 00091 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 EP21oc08.027 62682 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

(10) Unit 5, Kauai County, Hawaii. (i) [Reserved for textual description of (ii) Map of Unit 5 for Hawaiian unit.] picture-wing fly (Drosophila attigua) follows:

VerDate Aug<31>2005 18:16 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 214001 PO 00000 Frm 00092 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 EP21oc08.028 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62683

(11)Unit 6, Kauai County, Hawaii. (ii) Map of Unit 6 for Hawaiian (i) [Reserved for textual description of picture-wing fly (Drosophila attigua) unit.] follows:

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00093 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 EP21oc08.029 62684 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

BILLING CODE 4310–55–C

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00094 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 EP21oc08.030 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62685

* * * * * (a)(1)(ccxxxviii) as paragraphs (a)(1)(liv) (a)(1)(cclxv) as paragraphs (a)(1)(cii) 5. Amend § 17.99 as follows: through (a)(1)(ccxxxix); through (a)(1)(cclxxii); a. By revising the introductory text of v. By adding a new paragraph pp. By adding new paragraphs paragraph (a)(1) to read as set forth (a)(1)(liii) to read as set forth below; (a)(1)(xcv), (a)(1)(xcvi), (a)(1)(xcvii), below; w. By redesignating newly designated (a)(1)(xcviii), (a)(1)(xcix), (a)(1)(c), and b. By revising paragraph (a)(1)(i) as set paragraphs (a)(1)(lvii) through (a)(1)(ci) to read as set forth below; forth below; (a)(1)(ccxxxix) as paragraphs (a)(1)(lviii) qq. By redesignating newly designated c. By redesignating paragraphs through (a)(1)(ccxl); paragraphs (a)(1)(ciii) through (a)(1)(vi) through (a)(1)(ccxviii) as x. By adding a new paragraph (a)(1)(cclxxii) as paragraphs (a)(1)(civ) paragraphs (a)(1)(viii) through (a)(1)(lvii) to read as set forth below; through (a)(1)(cclxxiii); (a)(1)(ccxx); y. By redesignating newly designated rr. By adding a new paragraph d. By adding new paragraphs (a)(1)(vi) paragraphs (a)(1)(lix) through (a)(1)(ciii) to read as set forth below; and (a)(1)(vii) to read as set forth below; (a)(1)(ccxl) as paragraphs (a)(1)(lxv) ss. By redesignating newly designated e. By redesignating newly designated through (a)(1)(ccxlvi); paragraphs (a)(1)(cv) through paragraphs (a)(1)(ix) through (a)(1)(ccxx) z. By adding new paragraphs (a)(1)(cclxxiii) as paragraphs (a)(1)(cvii) as paragraphs (a)(1)(x) through (a)(1)(lix), (a)(1)(lx), (a)(1)(lxi), through (a)(1)(cclxxv); (a)(1)(ccxxi); (a)(1)(lxii), (a)(1)(lxiii), and (a)(1)(lxiv) to tt. By adding new paragraphs f. By adding new paragraph (a)(1)(ix) read as set forth below; (a)(1)(cv) and (a)(1)(cvi) to read as set to read as set forth below; aa. By redesignating newly designated forth below; g. By redesignating newly designated paragraphs (a)(1)(lxvi) through uu. By redesignating newly paragraphs (a)(1)(xvi) through (a)(1)(ccxlvi) as paragraphs (a)(1)(lxx) designated paragraphs (a)(1)(cviii) (a)(1)(ccxxi) as paragraphs (a)(1)(xix) through (a)(1)(ccl); through (a)(1)(cclxxv) as paragraphs through (a)(1)(ccxxiv); bb. By adding new paragraphs (a)(1)(cxii) through (a)(1)(cclxxix); h. By adding new paragraphs (a)(1)(lxvi), (a)(1)(lxvii), (a)(1)(lxviii), vv. By adding new paragraphs (a)(1)(cviii), (a)(1)(cix), (a)(1)(cx), and (a)(1)(xvi), (a)(1)(xvii), and (a)(1)(xviii) and (a)(1)(lxix) to read as set forth (a)(1)(cxi) to read as set forth below; to read as set forth below; below; ww. By redesignating newly i. By redesignating newly designated cc. By redesignating newly designated designated paragraphs (a)(1)(cxiii) paragraphs (a)(1)(xxv) through paragraphs (a)(1)(lxxiii) through through (a)(1)(cclxxix) as paragraphs (a)(1)(ccxxiv) as paragraphs (a)(1)(xxviii) (a)(1)(ccl) as paragraphs (a)(1)(lxxix) through (a)(1)(ccxxvii); (a)(1)(cxvi) through (a)(1)(cclxxxii); through (a)(1)(cclvi); xx. By adding new paragraphs j. By adding new paragraphs dd. By adding new paragraphs (a)(1)(cxiii), (a)(1)(cxiv), and (a)(1)(cxv) (a)(1)(xxv), (a)(1)(xxvi), and (a)(1)(xxvii) (a)(1)(lxxiii), (a)(lxxiv), (a)(1)(lxxv), to read as set forth below; to read as set forth below; (a)(1)(lxxvi), (a)(1)(lxxvii), and yy. By redesignating newly designated k. By redesignating newly designated (a)(1)(lxxviii) to read as set forth below; paragraphs (a)(1)(cxxix) through paragraphs (a)(1)(xxix) through ee. By redesignating newly designated (a)(1)(cclxxxii) as paragraphs (a)(1)(ccxxvii) as paragraphs (a)(1)(xxx) paragraphs (a)(1)(lxxx) through (a)(1)(cxxx) through (a)(1)(cclxxxiii); through (a)(1)(ccxxviii); (a)(1)(cclvi) as paragraphs (a)(1)(lxxxii) zz. By adding a new paragraph l. By adding a new paragraph through (a)(1)(cclviii); (a)(1)(cxxix) to read as set forth below; (a)(1)(xxix) to read as set forth below; ff. By adding new paragraphs aaa. By redesignating newly m. By redesignating newly designated (a)(1)(lxxx) and (a)(1)(lxxxi) to read as designated paragraphs (a)(1)(cxxxii) paragraphs (a)(1)(xxxiv) through set forth below; through (a)(1)(cclxxxiii) as paragraphs (a)(1)(ccxxviii) as paragraphs gg. By redesignating newly designated (a)(1)(cxxxiii) through (a)(1)(cclxxxiv); (a)(1)(xxxviii) through (a)(1)(ccxxxii); paragraphs (a)(1)(lxxxiii) through bbb. By adding a new paragraph n. By adding new paragraphs (a)(1)(cclviii) as paragraphs (a)(1)(cxxxii) to read as set forth below; (a)(1)(xxxiv), (a)(1)(xxxv), (a)(1)(xxxvi), (a)(1)(lxxxiv) through (a)(1)(cclix); ccc. By redesignating newly and (a)(1)(xxxvii) to read as set forth hh. By adding a new paragraph designated paragraphs (a)(1)(cxxxiv) below; (a)(1)(lxxxiii) to read as set forth below; through (a)(1)(cclxxxiv) as paragraphs o. By redesignating newly designated ii. By redesignating newly designated (a)(1)(cxxxvi) through (a)(1)(cclxxxvi); paragraphs (a)(1)(xxxix) through paragraphs (a)(1)(lxxxvi) through ddd. By adding new paragraphs (a)(1)(ccxxxii) as paragraphs (a)(1)(xli) (a)(1)(cclix) as paragraphs (a)(1)(xc) (a)(1)(cxxxiv) and (a)(1)(cxxxv) to read through (a)(1)(ccxxxiv); through (a)(1)(cclxiii); as set forth below; p. By adding new paragraphs jj. By adding new paragraphs eee. By redesignating newly (a)(1)(xxxix) and (a)(1)(xl) to read as set (a)(1)(lxxxvi), (a)(1)(lxxxvii), designated paragraphs (a)(1)(cxxxix) forth below; (a)(1)(lxxxviii), and (a)(1)(lxxxix) to read through (a)(1)(cclxxxvi) as paragraphs q. By redesignating newly designated as set forth below; (a)(1)(cxlviii) through (a)(1)(ccxcv); paragraphs (a)(1)(xlii) through kk. By redesignating newly designated fff. By adding new paragraphs (a)(1)(ccxxxiv) as paragraphs (a)(1)(xliii) paragraphs (a)(1)(xci) through (a)(1)(cxxxix), (a)(1)(cxl), (a)(1)(cxli), through (a)(1)(ccxxxv); (a)(1)(cclxiii) as paragraphs (a)(1)(xcii) (a)(1)(cxlii), (a)(1)(cxliii), (a)(1)(cxliv), r. By adding a new paragraph through (a)(1)(cclxiv); (a)(1)(cxlv), (a)(1)(cxlvi), and (a)(1)(xlii) to read as set forth below; ll. By adding a new paragraph (a)(1)(cxlvii) to read as set forth below; s. By redesignating newly designated (a)(1)(xci) to read as set forth below; ggg. By redesignating newly paragraphs (a)(1)(xlviii) through mm. By redesignating newly designated paragraphs (a)(1)(cxlix) (a)(1)(ccxxxv) as paragraphs (a)(1)(li) designated paragraphs (a)(1)(xciii) through (a)(1)(ccxcv) as paragraphs through (a)(1)(ccxxxviii); through (a)(1)(cclxiv) as paragraphs (a)(1)(cliii) through (a)(1)(ccxcix); t. By adding new paragraphs (a)(1)(xciv) through (a)(1)(cclxv); hhh. By adding new paragraphs (a)(1)(xlviii), (a)(1)(xlix), and (a)(1)(l) to nn. By adding a new paragraph (a)(1)(cxlix), (a)(1)(cl), (a)(1)(cli), and read as set forth below; (a)(1)(xciii) to read as set forth below; (a)(1)(clii) to read as set forth below; u. By redesignating newly designated oo. By redesignating newly designated iii. By redesignating newly designated paragraphs (a)(1)(liii) through paragraphs (a)(1)(xcv) through paragraphs (a)(1)(clxii) through

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00095 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 62686 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

(a)(1)(ccxcix) as paragraphs (a)(1)(clxv) cccc. By redesignating newly (a)(1)(ccclii), (a)(1)(cccliii), (a)(1)(cccliv), through (a)(1)(cccii); designated paragraphs (a)(1)(ccxlvii) (a)(1)(ccclv), (a)(1)(ccclvi), jjj. By adding new paragraphs through (a)(1)(cccxxiv) as paragraphs (a)(1)(ccclvii), (a)(1)(ccclviii), (a)(1)(clxii), (a)(1)(clxiii), and (a)(1)(ccl) through (a)(1)(cccxxvii); (a)(1)(ccclix), (a)(1)(ccclx), (a)(1)(ccclxi), (a)(1)(clxiv) to read as set forth below; dddd. By adding new paragraphs (a)(1)(ccclxii), (a)(1)(ccclxiii), kkk. By redesignating newly (a)(1)(ccxlvii), (a)(1)(ccxlviii), and (a)(1)(ccclxiv), (a)(1)(ccclxv), designated paragraphs (a)(1)(clxxi) (a)(1)(ccxlix) to read as set forth below; (a)(1)(ccclxvi), (a)(1)(ccclxvii), through (a)(1)(cccii) as paragraphs eeee. By redesignating newly (a)(1)(ccclxviii), (a)(1)(ccclxix), (a)(1)(clxxii) through (a)(1)(ccciii); designated paragraphs (a)(1)(cclii) (a)(1)(ccclxx), (a)(1)(ccclxxi), lll. By adding a new paragraph through (a)(1)(cccxxvii) as paragraphs (a)(1)(ccclxxii), (a)(1)(ccclxxiii), (a)(1)(clxxi) to read as set forth below; (a)(1)(ccliii) through (a)(1)(cccxxviii); (a)(1)(ccclxxiv), (a)(1)(ccclxxv), mmm. By redesignating newly ffff. By adding a new paragraph (a)(1)(ccclxxvi), (a)(1)(ccclxxvii), designated paragraphs (a)(1)(clxxv) (a)(1)(cclii) to read as set forth below; (a)(1)(ccclxxviii), (a)(1)(ccclxxix), through (a)(1)(ccciii) as paragraphs gggg. By redesignating newly (a)(1)(ccclxxx), (a)(1)(ccclxxxi), (a)(1)(clxxx) through (a)(1)(cccviii); designated paragraphs (a)(1)(cclvii) (a)(1)(ccclxxxii), (a)(1)(ccclxxxiii), nnn. By adding new paragraphs through (a)(1)(cccxxviii) as paragraphs (a)(1)(ccclxxxiv), (a)(1)(ccclxxxv), (a)(1)(clxxv), (a)(1)(clxxvi), (a)(1)(cclix) through (a)(1)(cccxxx); (a)(1)(ccclxxxvi), (a)(1)(ccclxxxvii), (a)(1)(clxxvii), (a)(1)(clxxviii), and hhhh. By adding new paragraphs (a)(1)(ccclxxxviii), (a)(1)(ccclxxxix), (a)(1)(clxxix) to read as set forth below; (a)(1)(cclvii) and (a)(1)(cclviii) to read as (a)(1)(cccxc), (a)(1)(cccxci), ooo. By redesignating newly set forth below; (a)(1)(cccxcii), (a)(1)(cccxciii), designated paragraphs (a)(1)(clxxxiii) iiii. By redesignating newly (a)(1)(cccxciv), (a)(1)(cccxcv), through (a)(1)(cccviii) as paragraphs designated paragraphs (a)(1)(cclxv) (a)(1)(cccxcvi), (a)(1)(cccxcvii), (a)(1)(clxxxv) through (a)(1)(cccx); through (a)(1)(cccxxx) as paragraphs (a)(1)(cccxcviii), (a)(1)(cccxcix), ppp. By adding new paragraphs (a)(1)(cclxvii) through (a)(1)(cccxxxii); (a)(1)(cd), (a)(1)(cdi), (a)(1)(cdii), (a)(1)(clxxxiii) and (a)(1)(clxxxiv) to jjjj. By adding new paragraphs (a)(1)(cdiii), (a)(1)(cdiv), (a)(1)(cdv), read as set forth below; (a)(1)(cclxv) and (a)(1)(cclxvi) to read as (a)(1)(cdvi), (a)(1)(cdvii), (a)(1)(cdviii), qqq. By redesignating newly set forth below; (a)(1)(cdix), (a)(1)(cdx), (a)(1)(cdxi), designated paragraphs (a)(1)(cxcviii) kkkk. By redesignating newly (a)(1)(cdxii), (a)(1)(cdxiii), (a)(1)(cdxiv), through (a)(1)(cccx) as paragraphs designated paragraphs (a)(1)(cclxxi) (a)(1)(cdxv), (a)(1)(cdxvi), (a)(1)(cdxvii), (a)(1)(cxcix) through (a)(1)(cccxi); through (a)(1)(cccxxxii) as paragraphs (a)(1)(cdxviii), (a)(1)(cdxix), (a)(1)(cdxx), rrr. By adding a new paragraph (a)(1)(cclxxii) through (a)(1)(cccxxxiii); (a)(1)(cdxxi), (a)(1)(cdxxii), (a)(1)(cxcviii) to read as set forth below; llll. By adding a new paragraph (a)(1)(cdxxiii), (a)(1)(cdxxiv), sss. By redesignating newly (a)(1)(cclxxi) to read as set forth below; (a)(1)(cdxxv), (a)(1)(cdxxvi), designated paragraphs (a)(1)(ccxv) mmmm. By redesignating newly (a)(1)(cdxxvii), (a)(1)(cdxxviii), through (a)(1)(cccxi) as paragraphs designated paragraphs (a)(1)(cclxxvi) (a)(1)(cdxxix), (a)(1)(cdxxx), (a)(1)(ccxvii) through (a)(1)(cccxiii); through (a)(1)(cccxxxiii) as paragraphs (a)(1)(cdxxxi), (a)(1)(cdxxxii), ttt. By adding new paragraphs (a)(1)(cclxxxi) through (a)(1)(cccxxxviii); (a)(1)(cdxxxiii), (a)(1)(cdxxxiv), (a)(1)(ccxv) and (a)(1)(ccxvi) to read as nnnn. By adding new paragraphs (a)(1)(cdxxxv), (a)(1)(cdxxxvi), set forth below; (a)(1)(cclxxvi), (a)(1)(cclxxvii), (a)(1)(cdxxxvii), (a)(1)(cdxxxviii), uuu. By redesignating newly (a)(1)(cclxxviii), (a)(1)(cclxxix), and (a)(1)(cdxxxix), (a)(1)(cdxl), (a)(1)(cdxli), designated paragraphs (a)(1)(ccxxi) (a)(1)(cclxxx) to read as set forth below; (a)(1)(cdxlii), (a)(1)(cdxliii), through (a)(1)(cccxiii) as paragraphs oooo. By redesignating newly (a)(1)(cdxliv), (a)(1)(cdxlv), (a)(1)(ccxxv) through (a)(1)(cccxvii); designated paragraphs (a)(1)(cclxxxix) (a)(1)(cdxlvi), (a)(1)(cdxlvii), vvv. By adding new paragraphs through (a)(1)(cccxxxviii) as paragraphs (a)(1)(cdxlviii), (a)(1)(cdxlix), (a)(1)(cdl), (a)(1)(ccxxi), (a)(1)(ccxxii), (a)(1)(ccxcii) through (a)(1)(cccxli); (a)(1)(ccxxiii), and (a)(1)(ccxxiv) to read pppp. By adding new paragraphs (a)(1)(cdli), (a)(1)(cdlii), (a)(1)(cdliii), as set forth below; (a)(1)(cclxxxix), (a)(1)(ccxc), and (a)(1)(cdliv), and (a)(1)(cdlv) to read as www. By redesignating newly (a)(1)(ccxci) to read as set forth below; set forth below; wwww. By amending the table at designated paragraphs (a)(1)(ccxxviii) qqqq. By redesignating newly newly designated paragraph (a)(1)(cdlvi) through (a)(1)(cccxvii) as paragraphs designated paragraphs (a)(1)(cccviii) by adding the following entries, first by (a)(1)(ccxxix) through (a)(1)(cccxviii); through (a)(1)(cccxli) as paragraphs unit number and then alphabetically by xxx. By adding a new paragraph (a)(1)(cccix) through (a)(1)(cccxlii); (a)(1)(ccxxviii) to read as set forth rrrr. By adding a new paragraph species name, in the same order as these below; (a)(1)(cccviii) to read as set forth below; units are presented in the preceding yyy. By redesignating newly ssss. By redesignating newly subparagraphs of this section, as set designated paragraphs (a)(1)(ccxxxiv) designated paragraphs (a)(1)(cccxxviii) forth below: New entry: through (a)(1)(cccxviii) as paragraphs through (a)(1)(cccxlii) as paragraphs Kauai 4–Chamaesyce remyi var. (a)(1)(ccxxxix) through (a)(1)(cccxxiii); (a)(1)(cccxxxv) through (a)(1)(cccxlix); kauaiensis–a zzz. By adding new paragraphs tttt. By adding new paragraphs Kauai 4–Chamaesyce remyi var. (a)(1)(ccxxxiv), (a)(1)(ccxxxv), (a)(1)(cccxxviii), (a)(1)(cccxxix), remyi–a (a)(1)(ccxxxvi), (a)(1)(ccxxxvii), and (a)(1)(cccxxx), (a)(1)(cccxxxi), Kauai 4–Cyanea dolichopoda–a (a)(1)(ccxxxviii) to read as set forth (a)(1)(cccxxxii), (a)(1)(cccxxxiii), and Kauai 4–Cyrtandra oenobarba–a below; (a)(1)(cccxxxiv) to read as set forth Kauai 4–Cyrtandra paliku–a aaaa. By redesignating newly below; Kauai 4–Dubautia plantaginea ssp. designated paragraphs (a)(1)(ccxl) uuuu. By redesignating newly magnifolia–a through (a)(1)(cccxxiii) as paragraphs designated paragraph (a)(1)(cccxlix) as Kauai 4–Lysimachia iniki–a (a)(1)(ccxli) through (a)(1)(cccxxiv); paragraph (a)(1)(cdlvi); Kauai 4–Lysimachia pendens–a bbbb. By adding a new paragraph vvvv. By adding new paragraphs Kauai 4–Lysimachia venosa–a (a)(1)(ccxl) to read as set forth below; (a)(1)(cccxlix), (a)(1)(cccl), (a)(1)(cccli), Kauai 4–Platydesma rostrata–a

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00096 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62687

Kauai 7–Canavalia napaliensis–a Kauai 11–Chamaesyce remyi var. Kauai 11–Tetraplasandra Kauai 7–Chamaesyce eleanoriae–a kauaiensis–d bisattenuata–c Kauai 7–Chamaesyce remyi var. Kauai 11–Chamaesyce remyi var. Kauai 11–Tetraplasandra remyi–b kauaiensis–e bisattenuata–d Kauai 7–Charpentiera densiflora–a Kauai 11–Chamaesyce remyi var. Kauai 11–Tetraplasandra flynnii–b Kauai 7–Doryopteris angelica–a remyi–f Kauai 11–Tetraplasandra flynnii–c Kauai 7–Dubautia kenwoodii–a Kauai 11–Chamaesyce remyi var. Kauai 18–Astelia waialealae–c Kauai 7–Labordia helleri–a remyi–g Kauai 18–Chamaesyce remyi var. Kauai 7–Pittosporum napaliense–a Kauai 11–Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi–k Kauai 7–Platydesma rostrata–b remyi–h Kauai 18–Dryopteris crinalis var. Kauai 7–Psychotria hobdyi–a Kauai 11–Chamaesyce remyi var. podosorus–c Kauai 7–Tetraplasandra remyi–i Kauai 18–Dubautia kalalauensis–c bisattenuata–a Kauai 11–Chamaesyce remyi var. Kauai 18–Dubautia waialealae–c Kauai 10–Astelia waialealae–a remyi–j Kauai 18–Geranium kauaiense–c Kauai 10–Chamaesyce remyi var. Kauai 11–Charpentiera densiflora–c Kauai 18–Keysseria erici–c kauaiensis–b Kauai 11–Charpentiera densiflora–d Kauai 18–Keysseria helenae–c Kauai 10–Chamaesyce remyi var. Kauai 11–Cyanea dolichopoda–c Kauai 18–Labordia helleri–h kauaiensis–c Kauai 11–Cyanea eleeleensis–b Kauai 18–Labordia pumila–c Kauai 10–Chamaesyce remyi var. Kauai 11–Cyanea kolekoleensis–b Kauai 18–Lysimachia daphnoides–c remyi–c Kauai 11–Cyanea kuhihewa–b Kauai 18–Melicope degeneri–c Kauai 10–Chamaesyce remyi var. Kauai 11–Cyrtandra oenobarba–d Kauai 18–Melicope puberula–e remyi–d Kauai 11–Cyrtandra oenobarba–e Kauai 18–Myrsine mezii–d Kauai 10–Chamaesyce remyi var. Kauai 11–Cyrtandra paliku–c Kauai 18–Phyllostegia renovans–e remyi–e Kauai 11–Diellia mannii–a Kauai 18–Platydesma rostrata–k Kauai 10–Charpentiera densiflora–b Kauai 11–Doryopteris angelica–b Kauai 18–Psychotria grandiflora–d Kauai 10–Cyanea dolichopoda–b Kauai 11–Dryopteris crinalis var. Kauai 18–Tetraplasandra flynnii–d Kauai 10–Cyanea eleeleensis–a podosorus–b Kauai 19–Chamaesyce remyi var. Kauai 10–Cyanea kolekoleensis–a Kauai 11–Dubautia imbricata ssp. kauaiensis–f Kauai 10–Cyanea kuhihewa–a imbricata–b Kauai 19–Chamaesyce remyi var. Kauai 10–Cyrtandra oenobarba–b Kauai 11–Dubautia kalalauensis–b remyi–l Kauai 10–Cyrtandra oenobarba–c Kauai 11–Dubautia kenwoodii–b Kauai 19–Cyanea dolichopoda–d Kauai 10–Cyrtandra paliku–b Kauai 11–Dubautia plantaginea ssp. Kauai 19–Cyrtandra oenobarba–f Kauai 10–Dryopteris crinalis var. magnifolia–c Kauai 19–Cyrtandra paliku–d podosorus–a Kauai 11–Dubautia waialealae–b Kauai 19–Dubautia plantaginea ssp. Kauai 10–Dubautia imbricata ssp. Kauai 11–Geranium kauaiense–b magnifolia–d imbricata–a Kauai 11–Keysseria erici–b Kauai 19–Lysimachia iniki–d Kauai 10–Dubautia kalalauensis–a Kauai 11–Keysseria helenae–b Kauai 19–Lysimachia pendens–d Kauai 10–Dubautia plantaginea ssp. Kauai 11–Labordia helleri–d Kauai 19–Lysimachia venosa–d magnifolia–b Kauai 11–Labordia helleri–e Kauai 19–Platydesma rostrata–l Kauai 10–Dubautia waialealae–a Kauai 11–Labordia helleri–f Kauai 20–Chamaesyce remyi var. Kauai 10–Geranium kauaiense–a Kauai 11–Labordia helleri–g kauaiensis–g Kauai 10–Keysseria erici–a Kauai 11–Labordia pumila–b Kauai 20–Chamaesyce remyi var. Kauai 10–Keysseria helenae–a Kauai 11–Lysimachia daphnoides–b remyi–m Kauai 10–Labordia helleri–b Kauai 11–Lysimachia iniki–c Kauai 20–Cyanea dolichopoda–e Kauai 10–Labordia helleri–c Kauai 11–Lysimachia pendens–c Kauai 20–Cyrtandra oenobarba–g Kauai 10–Labordia pumila–a Kauai 11–Lysimachia scopulensis–a Kauai 20–Cyrtandra paliku–e Kauai 10–Lysimachia daphnoides–a Kauai 11–Lysimachia venosa–c Kauai 20–Dubautia plantaginea ssp. Kauai 10–Lysimachia iniki–b Kauai 11–Melicope degeneri–b magnifolia–e Kauai 10–Lysimachia pendens–b Kauai 11–Melicope paniculata–b Kauai 20–Lysimachia iniki–e Kauai 10–Lysimachia venosa–b Kauai 11–Melicope puberula–c Kauai 20–Lysimachia pendens–e Kauai 10–Melicope degeneri–a Kauai 11–Melicope puberula–d Kauai 20–Lysimachia venosa–e Kauai 10–Melicope paniculata–a Kauai 11–Myrsine knudsenii–a Kauai 20–Platydesma rostrata–m Kauai 10–Melicope puberula–a Kauai 11–Myrsine mezii–b Kauai 21–Chamaesyce remyi var. Kauai 10–Melicope puberula–b Kauai 11–Myrsine mezii–c kauaiensis–h Kauai 10–Myrsine mezii–a Kauai 11–Phyllostegia renovans–c Kauai 21–Chamaesyce remyi var. Kauai 10–Phyllostegia renovans–a Kauai 11–Phyllostegia renovans–d remyi–n Kauai 10–Phyllostegia renovans–b Kauai 11–Pittosporum napaliense–b Kauai 21–Charpentiera densiflora–e Kauai 10–Platydesma rostrata–c Kauai 11–Platydesma rostrata–f Kauai 21–Cyanea eleeleensis–c Kauai 10–Platydesma rostrata–d Kauai 11–Platydesma rostrata–g Kauai 21–Cyanea kolekoleensis–c Kauai 10–Platydesma rostrata–e Kauai 11–Platydesma rostrata–h Kauai 21–Cyanea kuhihewa–c Kauai 10–Psychotria grandiflora–a Kauai 11–Platydesma rostrata–i Kauai 21–Cyrtandra oenobarba–h Kauai 10–Stenogyne kealiae–a Kauai 11–Platydesma rostrata–j Kauai 21–Dubautia imbricata ssp. Kauai 10–Tetraplasandra Kauai 11–Psychotria grandiflora–b imbricata–c bisattenuata–b Kauai 11–Psychotria grandiflora–c Kauai 21–Labordia helleri–i Kauai 10–Tetraplasandra flynnii–a Kauai 11–Psychotria hobdyi–b Kauai 21–Melicope paniculata–c Kauai 11–Astelia waialealae–b Kauai 11–Schiedea attenuata–a Kauai 21–Melicope puberula–f Kauai 11–Canavalia napaliensis–b Kauai 11–Stenogyne kealiae–b Kauai 21–Phyllostegia renovans–f Kauai 11–Chamaesyce eleanoriae–b Kauai 11–Stenogyne kealiae–c Kauai 21–Platydesma rostrata–n Kauai 11–Chamaesyce eleanoriae–c Kauai 11–Stenogyne kealiae–d Kauai 21–Stenogyne kealiae–e

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00097 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 62688 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

Kauai 21–Tetraplasandra Kauai 25–Myrsine mezii–h Family Gesneriaceae: Cyrtandra bisattenuata–e Kauai 25–Phyllostegia renovans–h paliku Kauai 22–Chamaesyce remyi var. Kauai 25–Platydesma rostrata–r Family Lamiaceae: Phyllostegia remyi–o Kauai 25–Psychotria grandiflora–h renovans Kauai 22–Diellia mannii–b Kauai 25–Tetraplasandra flynnii–h Family Lamiaceae: Stenogyne kealiae Kauai 22–Labordia helleri–j xxxx. By amending paragraph (b) as Family Loganiaceae: Labordia helleri Kauai 22–Myrsine knudsenii–b follows: Family Loganiaceae: Labordia pumila i. In paragraph (b)(1), by adding Kauai 22–Myrsine mezii–e Family Myrsinaceae: Lysimachia ‘‘Family Amaranathaceae’’, ‘‘Family Kauai 22–Platydesma rostrata–o daphnoides Asteliaceae’’ ‘‘Family Geraniaceae’’, and Kauai 22–Psychotria grandiflora–e Family Myrsinaceae: Lysimachia iniki Kauai 22–Stenogyne kealiae–f ‘‘Family Pittosporaceae’’ in alphabetical order to the list of family names; Family Myrsinaceae: Lysimachia Kauai 22–Tetraplasandra flynnii–e pendens Kauai 23–Chamaesyce remyi var. ii. In paragraph (b)(1), by adding Family Myrsinaceae: Lysimachia remyi–p entries in alphabetical order by family scopulensis Kauai 23–Diellia mannii–c name to read as set forth below: Kauai 23–Labordia helleri–k New entry: Family Myrsinaceae: Lysimachia Kauai 23–Myrsine knudsenii–c Family Amaranathaceae: venosa Kauai 23–Myrsine mezii–f Charpentiera densiflora Family Myrsinaceae: Myrsine Kauai 23–Platydesma rostrata–p Family Araliaceae: Tetraplasandra knudsenii Kauai 23–Psychotria grandiflora–f bisattenuata Family Myrsinaceae: Myrsine mezii Kauai 23–Stenogyne kealiae–g Family Araliaceae: Tetraplasandra Family Pittosporaceae: Pittosporum Kauai 23–Tetraplasandra flynnii–f flynnii napaliense Kauai 24–Astelia waialealae–d Family Asteliaceae: Astelia Family Rubiaceae: Psychotria Kauai 24–Chamaesyce remyi var. waialealae grandiflora remyi–q Family Asteraceae: Dubautia Family Rubiaceae: Psychotria hobdyi Kauai 24–Dryopteris crinalis var. imbricata ssp. imbricata Family Rutaceae: Melicope degeneri podosorus–d Family Asteraceae: Dubautia Family Rutaceae: Melicope paniculata Kauai 24–Dubautia kalalauensis–d kalalauensis Family Rutaceae: Melicope puberula Family Asteraceae: Dubautia Kauai 24–Dubautia waialealae–d Family Rutaceae: Platydesma rostrata Kauai 24–Geranium kauaiense–d kenwoodii Family Asteraceae: Dubautia iii. In paragraph (b)(2), by adding Kauai 24–Keysseria erici–d plantaginea ssp. magnifolia ‘‘Family Dryopteridaceae’’ and ‘‘Family Kauai 24–Keysseria helenae–d Family Asteraceae: Dubautia Pteridaceae’’ in alphabetical order to the Kauai 24–Labordia helleri–l waialealae list of family names; and Kauai 24–Labordia pumila–d Family Asteraceae: Keysseria erici iv. In paragraph (b)(2), by adding Kauai 24–Lysimachia daphnoides–d Family Asteraceae: Keysseria helenae entries in alphabetical order by family Kauai 24–Melicope degeneri–d Family Campanulaceae: Cyanea name to read as set forth below: Kauai 24–Melicope puberula–g dolichopoda New entry: Kauai 24–Myrsine mezii–g Family Campanulaceae: Cyanea Family Aspleniaceae: Diellia mannii Kauai 24–Phyllostegia renovans–g eleeleensis Family Dryopteridaceae: Dryopteris Kauai 24–Platydesma rostrata–q Family Campanulaceae: Cyanea crinalis var. podosorus Kauai 24–Psychotria grandiflora–g kolekoleensis Family Pteridaceae: Doryopteris Kauai 24–Tetraplasandra flynnii–g Family Campanulaceae: Cyanea angelica Kauai 25–Astelia waialealae–e kuhihewa Kauai 25–Chamaesyce remyi var. Family Caryophyllaceae: Schiedea § 17.99 Critical habitat; plants on the remyi–r attenuate islands of Kauai, Niihau, Molokai, Maui, Kauai 25–Dryopteris crinalis var. Family Euphorbiaceae: Chamaesyce Kahoolawe, Oahu, and Hawaii, HI, and on the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. podosorus–e eleanoriae Kauai 25–Dubautia kalalauensis–e Family Euphorbiaceae: Chamaesyce (a) * * * Kauai 25–Dubautia waialealae–e remyi var. kauaiensis (1) Kauai. Critical habitat units are Kauai 25–Geranium kauaiense–e Family Euphorbiaceae: Chamaesyce described below. Coordinates are in Kauai 25–Keysseria erici–e remyi var. remyi UTM Zone 4 with units in meters using Kauai 25–Keysseria helenae–e Family Fabaceae: Canavalia North American Datum of 1983 Kauai 25–Labordia helleri–m napaliensis (NAD83). The following map shows the Kauai 25–Labordia pumila–e Family Geraniaceae: Geranium general locations of the critical habitat Kauai 25–Lysimachia daphnoides–e kauaiense units designated on the island of Kauai. Kauai 25–Melicope degeneri–e Family Gesneriaceae: Cyrtandra (i) Note: Map 1—Index map follows: Kauai 25–Melicope puberula–h oenobarba BILLING CODE 4310–55–S

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00098 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62689

* * * * * Kauai 4–Cyrtandra oenobarba–a, Kauai (a)(1)(vii), (a)(1)(ix), (a)(1)(xvi), (vi) Kauai 4–Chamaesyce remyi var. 4–Cyrtandra paliku–a, Kauai 4– (a)(1)(xvii), (a)(1)(xviii), (a)(1)(xxv), kauaiensis–a (15.4 ha; 38 ac) Dubautia plantaginea ssp. magnifolia–a, (a)(1)(xxvi), (a)(1)(xxvii), and (A) [Reserve for textual description of Kauai 4–Lysimachia iniki–a, Kauai 4– (a)(1)(xxix), respectively, of this unit.] This unit is also critical habitat for Lysimachia pendens–a, Kauai 4– section). Kauai 4–Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi– Lysimachia venosa–a, and Kauai 4– (B) Note: Map 5a follows: a, Kauai 4–Cyanea dolichopoda–a, Platydesma rostrata–a (see paragraphs

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00099 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 EP21oc08.031 62690 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00100 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4725 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 EP21oc08.032 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62691

(vii) Kauai 4–Chamaesyce remyi var. (xviii) Kauai 4–Dubautia plantaginea (xxix) Kauai 4–Platydesma rostrata–a remyi–a (15.4 ha; 38 ac) ssp. magnifolia–a (15.4 ha; 38 ac) (15.4 ha; 38 ac) (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(vi)(A) of this (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(vi)(A) of this (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(vi)(A) of this section for the textual description of this section for the textual description of this section for the textual description of this unit. unit. (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(vi)(B) of this (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(vi)(B) of this unit. section for the map of this unit. section for the map of this unit. (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(vi)(B) of this * * * * * * * * * * section for the map of this unit. (ix) Kauai 4–Cyanea dolichopoda–a (xxv) Kauai 4–Lysimachia iniki–a * * * * * (15.4 ha; 38 ac) (15.4 ha; 38 ac) (xxxiv) Kauai 7–Canavalia (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(vi)(A) of this (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(vi)(A) of this section for the textual description of this section for the textual description of this napaliensis–a (15 ha; 37 ac) unit. unit. (A) [Reserve for textual description of (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(vi)(B) of this (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(vi)(B) of this unit.] This unit is also critical habitat for section for the map of this unit. section for the map of this unit. Kauai 7–Chamaesyce eleanoriae–a, * * * * * (xxvi) Kauai 4–Lysimachia pendens–a Kauai 7–Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi– (xvi) Kauai 4–Cyrtandra oenobarba–a (15.4 ha; 38 ac) b, Kauai 7–Charpentiera densiflora–a, (15.4 ha; 38 ac) (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(vi)(A) of this Kauai 7–Doryopteris angelica–a, Kauai (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(vi)(A) of this section for the textual description of this 7–Dubautia kenwoodii–a, Kauai 7– section for the textual description of this unit. Labordia helleri–a, Kauai 7–Pittosporum (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(vi)(B) of this unit. napaliense–a, Kauai 7–Platydesma section for the map of this unit. (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(vi)(B) of this rostrata–b, Kauai 7–Psychotria hobdyi– section for the map of this unit. (xxvii) Kauai 4– Lysimachia venosa– a (15.4 ha; 38 ac) a, and Kauai 7–Tetraplasandra (xvii) Kauai 4–Cyrtandra paliku–a bisattenuata–a (see paragraphs (15.4 ha; 38 ac) (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(vi)(A) of this (a)(1)(xxxv), (a)(1)(xxxvi), (a)(1)(xxxvii), (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(vi)(A) of this section for the textual description of this section for the textual description of this unit. (a)(1)(xxxix), (a)(1)(xl), (a)(1)(xlii), unit. (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(vi)(B) of this (a)(1)(xlviii), (a)(1)(xlix), (a)(1)(l), and (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(vi)(B) of this section for the map of this unit. (a)(1)(liii), respectively, of this section). section for the map of this unit. * * * * * (B) Note: Map 23a follows:

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00101 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 62692 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

BILLING CODE 4310–55–C

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00102 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 EP21oc08.033 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62693

(xxxv) Kauai 7–Chamaesyce (xlii) Kauai 7–Labordia helleri–a (15 (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(xxxiv)(B) of eleanoriae–a (15 ha; 37 ac) ha; 37 ac) this section for the map of this unit. (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(xxxiv)(A) of (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(xxxiv)(A) of * * * * * this section for the textual description of this section for the textual description of this unit. this unit. (lvii) Kauai 10—Astelia waialealae—a (40 ha; 99 ac) (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(xxxiv)(B) of (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(xxxiv)(B) of this section for the map of this unit. this section for the map of this unit. (A) [Reserve for textual description of (xxxvi) Kauai 7–Chamaesyce remyi unit.] This unit is also critical habitat for var. remyi–b (15 ha; 37 ac) * * * * * (xlviii) Kauai 7–Pittosporum Kauai 10–Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi– (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(xxxiv)(A) of c, Kauai 10–Dryopteris crinalis var. this section for the textual description of napaliense–a (15 ha; 37 ac) podosorus–a, Kauai 10–Dubautia this unit. (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(xxxiv)(A) of (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(xxxiv)(B) of this section for the textual description of kalalauensis–a, Kauai 10–Dubautia this section for the map of this unit. this unit. waialealae–a, Kauai 10–Geranium (xxxvii) Kauai 7–Charpentiera (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(xxxiv)(B) of kauaiense–a, Kauai 10–Keysseria erici– densiflora–a (15 ha; 37 ac) this section for the map of this unit. a, Kauai 10–Keysseria helenae–a, Kauai (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(xxxiv)(A) of (xlix) Kauai 7–Platydesma rostrata–b 10–Labordia helleri–b, Kauai 10– this section for the textual description of (15 ha; 37 ac) Labordia pumila–a, Kauai 10– this unit. (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(xxxiv)(A) of Lysimachia daphnoides–a, Kauai 10– (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(xxxiv)(B) of this section for the textual description of Melicope degeneri–a, Kauai 10– this section for the map of this unit. this unit. Melicope puberula–a, Kauai 10–Myrsine * * * * * (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(xxxiv)(B) of mezii–a, Kauai 10–Phyllostegia (xxxix) Kauai 7–Doryopteris angelica– this section for the map of this unit. renovans–a, Kauai 10–Platydesma a (15 ha; 37 ac) (l) Kauai 7–Psychotria hobdyi–a (15 rostrata–c, Kauai 10–Psychotria (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(xxxiv)(A) of ha; 37 ac) grandiflora–a, and Kauai 10– this section for the textual description of (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(xxxiv)(A) of Tetraplasandra flynnii–a (see this unit. paragraphs (a)(1)(lxi), (a)(1)(lxxvi), (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(xxxiv)(B) of this section for the textual description of this unit. (a)(1)(lxxviii), (a)(1)(lxxxi), this section for the map of this unit. (a)(1)(lxxxiii), (a)(1)(lxxxvi), (xl) Kauai 7–Dubautia kenwoodii–a (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(xxxiv)(B) of (a)(1)(lxxxvii), (a)(1)(lxxxviii), (15 ha; 37 ac) this section for the map of this unit. (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(xxxiv)(A) of * * * * * (a)(1)(xci), (a)(1)(xciii), (a)(1)(xcviii), this section for the textual description of (liii) Kauai 7–Tetraplasandra (a)(1)(c), (a)(1)(ciii), (a)(1)(cv), this unit. bisattenuata–a (15 ha; 37 ac) (a)(1)(cviii), (a)(1)(cxi), and (a)(1)(cxv), (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(xxxiv)(B) of (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(xxxiv)(A) of respectively, of this section). this section for the map of this unit. this section for the textual description of (B) Note: Map 35a follows: * * * * * this unit. BILLING CODE 4310–55–S

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00103 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 62694 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00104 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4725 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 EP21oc08.034 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62695

* * * * * Cyanea kuhihewa–a, Kauai 10– Tetraplasandra bisattenuata–b (see (lix) Kauai 10–Chamaesyce remyi var. Cyrtandra oenobarba–b, Kauai 10– paragraphs (a)(1)(lxii), (a)(1)(lxiv), kauaiensis–b (943 ha; 2,330 ac) Dubautia imbricata ssp. imbricata–a, (a)(1)(lxvii), (a)(1)(lxviii), (a)(1)(lxix), (A) [Reserve for textual description of Kauai 10–Labordia helleri–c, Kauai 10– (a)(1)(lxxiii), (a)(1)(lxxvii), (a)(1)(lxxxix), unit.] This unit is also critical habitat for Melicope paniculata–a, Kauai 10– (a)(1)(xcix), (a)(1)(ci), (a)(1)(cvi), Kauai 10–Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi– Melicope puberula–b, Kauai 10– (a)(1)(cix), (a)(1)(cxiii), and (a)(1)(cxiv), d, Kauai 10–Charpentiera densiflora–b, Phyllostegia renovans–b, Kauai 10– respectively, of this section). Kauai 10–Cyanea eleeleensis–a, Kauai Platydesma rostrata–d, Kauai 10– 10–Cyanea kolekoleensis–a, Kauai 10– Stenogyne kealiae–a, and Kauai 10– (B) Note: Map 36a follows:

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00105 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 62696 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

(lx) Kauai 10–Chamaesyce remyi var. Kauai 10–Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi– Dubautia plantaginea ssp. magnifolia–b, kauaiensis–c (198 ha; 489 ac) e, Kauai 10–Cyanea dolichopoda–b, Kauai 10–Lysimachia iniki–b, Kauai 10– (A) [Reserve for textual description of Kauai 10–Cyrtandra oenobarba–c, Kauai Lysimachia pendens–b, Kauai 10– unit.] This unit is also critical habitat for 10–Cyrtandra paliku–b, Kauai 10– Lysimachia venosa–b, and Kauai 10–

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00106 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 EP21oc08.035 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62697

Platydesma rostrata–e (see paragraphs (a)(1)(xcvi), (a)(1)(xcvii), and (a)(1)(cx), (a)(1)(lxiii), (a)(1)(lxvi), (a)(1)(lxxiv), respectively, of this section). (a)(1)(lxxv), (a)(1)(lxxx), (a)(1)(xcv), (B) Note: Map 36b follows:

BILLING CODE 4310–55–C

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00107 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 EP21oc08.036 62698 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

(lxi) Kauai 10–Chamaesyce remyi var. (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(lx)(B) of this (lxxxviii) Kauai 10–Labordia helleri–b remyi–c (40 ha; 99 ac) section for the map of this unit. (40 ha; 99 ac) (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(lvii)(A) of (lxxv) Kauai 10–Cyrtandra paliku–b (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(lvii)(A) of this section for the textual description of (198 ha; 489 ac) this section for the textual description of this unit. (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(lx)(A) of this this unit. (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(lvii)(B) of this section for the textual description of this (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(lvii)(B) of this section for the map of this unit. unit. section for the map of this unit. (lxii) Kauai 10–Chamaesyce remyi (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(lx)(B) of this (lxxxix) Kauai 10–Labordia helleri–c var. remyi–d (943 ha; 2,330 ac) section for the map of this unit. (943 ha; 2,330ac) (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(lix)(A) of this (lxxvi) Kauai 10–Dryopteris crinalis (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(lix)(A) of this section for the textual description of this var. podosorus–a (40 ha; 99 ac) section for the textual description of this unit. (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(lvii)(A) of unit. (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(lix)(B) of this this section for the textual description of (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(lix)(B) of this section for the map of this unit. this unit. section for the map of this unit. (lxiii) Kauai 10–Chamaesyce remyi (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(lvii)(B) of this var. remyi–e (198 ha; 489 ac) * * * * * section for the map of this unit. (xci) Kauai 10–Labordia pumila–a (40 (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(lx)(A) of this (lxxvii) Kauai 10–Dubautia imbricata section for the textual description of this ha; 99 ac) ssp. imbricata–a (943 ha; 2,330 ac) (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(lvii)(A) of unit. (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(lix)(A) of this (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(lx)(B) of this this section for the textual description of section for the textual description of this section for the map of this unit. this unit. (lxiv) Kauai 10–Charpentiera unit. (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(lvii)(B) of this (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(lix)(B) of this densiflora–b (943 ha; 2,330 ac) section for the map of this unit. (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(lix)(A) of this section for the map of this unit. * * * * * section for the textual description of this (lxxviii) Kauai 10–Dubautia (xciii) Kauai 10–Lysimachia unit. kalalauensis–a (40 ha; 99 ac) daphnoides–a (40 ha; 99 ac) (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(lix)(B) of this (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(lvii)(A) of (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(lvii)(A) of section for the map of this unit. this section for the textual description of this section for the textual description of this unit. this unit. * * * * * (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(lvii)(B) of this (lxvi) Kauai 10–Cyanea dolichopoda– (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(lvii)(B) of this section for the map of this unit. b (198 ha; 489 ac) section for the map of this unit. (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(lx)(A) of this * * * * * * * * * * section for the textual description of this (lxxx) Kauai 10–Dubautia plantaginea (xcv) Kauai 10–Lysimachia iniki–b unit. ssp. magnifolia–b (198 ha; 489 ac) (198 ha; 489 ac) (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(lx)(B) of this (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(lx)(A) of this (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(lx)(A) of this section for the map of this unit. section for the textual description of this section for the textual description of this (lxvii) Kauai 10–Cyanea eleeleensis–a unit. unit. (943 ha; 2,330 ac) (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(lx)(B) of this (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(lx)(B) of this (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(lix)(A) of this section for the map of this unit. section for the map of this unit. section for the textual description of this (lxxxi) Kauai 10–Dubautia (xcvi) Kauai 10–Lysimachia pendens– unit. waialealae–a (40 ha; 99 ac) b (198 ha; 489 ac) (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(lix)(B) of this (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(lvii)(A) of (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(lx)(A) of this section for the map of this unit. this section for the textual description of section for the textual description of this (lxviii) Kauai 10–Cyanea this unit. unit. kolekoleensis–a (943 ha; 2,330 ac) (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(lvii)(B) of this (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(lx)(B) of this (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(lix)(A) of this section for the map of this unit. section for the textual description of this section for the map of this unit. * * * * * (xcvii) Kauai 10–Lysimachia venosa– unit. (lxxxiii) Kauai 10–Geranium (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(lix)(B) of this b (198 ha; 489 ac) kauaiense–a (40 ha; 99 ac) section for the map of this unit. (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(lx)(A) of this (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(lvii)(A) of (lxix) Kauai 10–Cyanea kuhihewa–a section for the textual description of this this section for the textual description of (943 ha; 2,330 ac) unit. (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(lix)(A) of this this unit. (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(lx)(B) of this section for the textual description of this (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(lvii)(B) of this section for the map of this unit. unit. section for the map of this unit. (xcviii) Kauai 10–Melicope degeneri– (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(lix)(B) of this * * * * * a (40 ha; 99 ac) section for the map of this unit. (lxxxvi) Kauai 10–Keysseria erici–a (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(lvii)(A) of * * * * * (40 ha; 99 ac) this section for the textual description of (lxxiii) Kauai 10–Cyrtandra (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(lvii)(A) of this unit. oenobarba–b (943 ha; 2,330 ac) this section for the textual description of (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(lvii)(B) of this (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(lix)(A) of this this unit. section for the map of this unit. section for the textual description of this (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(lvii)(B) of this (xcix) Kauai 10–Melicope paniculata– unit. section for the map of this unit. a (943 ha; 2,330 ac) (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(lix)(B) of this (lxxxvii) Kauai 10–Keysseria helenae– (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(lix)(A) of this section for the map of this unit. a (40 ha; 99 ac) section for the textual description of this (lxxiv) Kauai 10–Cyrtandra (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(lvii)(A) of unit. oenobarba–c (198 ha; 489 ac) this section for the textual description of (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(lix)(B) of this (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(lx)(A) of this this unit. section for the map of this unit. section for the textual description of this (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(lvii)(B) of this (c) Kauai 10–Melicope puberula–a (40 unit. section for the map of this unit. ha; 99 ac)

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00108 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62699

(A) See paragraph (a)(1)(lvii)(A) of (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(lvii)(B) of this (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(lvii)(A) of this section for the textual description of section for the map of this unit. this section for the textual description of this unit. (cix) Kauai 10–Platydesma rostrata–d this unit. (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(lvii)(B) of this (943 ha; 2,330 ac) (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(lvii)(B) of this section for the map of this unit. (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(lix)(A) of this section for the map of this unit. (ci) Kauai 10–Melicope puberula–b section for the textual description of this (943 ha; 2,330 ac) unit. * * * * * (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(lix)(A) of this (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(lix)(B) of this (cxxix) Kauai 11—Astelia section for the textual description of this section for the map of this unit. waialealae—b (5,705 ha; 14,096 ac) unit. (cx) Kauai 10–Platydesma rostrata–e (A) [Reserve for textual description of (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(lix)(B) of this (198 ha; 489 ac) section for the map of this unit. unit.] This unit is also critical habitat for (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(lx)(A) of this Kauai 11–Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi– * * * * * section for the textual description of this (ciii) Kauai 10–Myrsine mezii–a (40 f, Kauai 11–Dryopteris crinalis var. unit. podosorus–b, Kauai 11–Dubautia ha; 99 ac) (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(lx)(B) of this kalalauensis–b, Kauai 11–Dubautia (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(lvii)(A) of section for the map of this unit. waialealae–b, Kauai 11–Geranium this section for the textual description of (cxi) Kauai 10–Psychotria kauaiense–b, Kauai 11–Keysseria erici– this unit. grandiflora–a (40 ha; 99 ac) b, Kauai 11–Keysseria helenae–b, Kauai (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(lvii)(B) of this (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(lvii)(A) of section for the map of this unit. this section for the textual description of 11–Labordia helleri–d, Kauai 11– * * * * * this unit. Labordia pumila–b, Kauai 11– (cv) Kauai 10–Phyllostegia renovans– (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(lvii)(B) of this Lysimachia daphnoides–b, Kauai 11– a (40 ha; 99 ac) section for the map of this unit. Melicope degeneri–b, Kauai 11– (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(lvii)(A) of Melicope puberula–c, Kauai 11–Myrsine * * * * * this section for the textual description of mezii–b, Kauai 11–Phyllostegia (cxiii) Kauai 10–Stenogyne kealiae–a this unit. renovans–c, Kauai 11–Platydesma (943 ha; 2,330 ac) (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(lvii)(B) of this rostrata–f, Kauai 11–Psychotria (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(lix)(A) of this section for the map of this unit. grandiflora–b, and Kauai 11– section for the textual description of this (cvi) Kauai 10–Phyllostegia renovans– Tetraplasandra flynnii–b (see unit. b (943 ha; 2,330 ac) paragraphs (a)(1)(cxli), (a)(1)(clxxvi), (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(lix)(B) of this (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(lix)(A) of this (a)(1)(clxxviii), (a)(1)(clxxxiv), section for the map of this unit. section for the textual description of this (a)(1)(cxcviii), (a)(1)(ccxv), (a)(1)(ccxvi), unit. (cxiv) Kauai 10–Tetraplasandra (a)(1)(ccxxi), (a)(1)(ccxxviii), (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(lix)(B) of this bisattenuata–b (943 ha; 2,330 ac) section for the map of this unit. (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(lix)(A) of this (a)(1)(ccxxxiv), (a)(1)(ccxl), section for the textual description of this (a)(1)(ccxlviii), (a)(1)(cclvii), * * * * * (a)(1)(cclxv), (a)(1)(cclxxvi), (cviii) Kauai 10–Platydesma rostrata– unit. (a)(1)(cclxxxix), and (a)(1)(cccxxxiii), c (40 ha; 99 ac) (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(lix)(B) of this (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(lvii)(A) of section for the map of this unit. respectively, of this section). this section for the textual description of (cxv) Kauai 10–Tetraplasandra (B) Note: Map 64a follows: this unit. flynnii–a (40 ha; 99 ac) BILLING CODE 4310–55–S

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00109 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 62700 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

* * * * * (A) [Reserve for textual description of Kauai 11–Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi– (cxxxii) Kauai 11–Canavalia unit.] This unit is also critical habitat for g, Kauai 11–Charpentiera densiflora–c, napaliensis–b (1,048 ha; 2,591 ac) Kauai 11–Chamaesyce eleanoriae–b, Kauai 11–Doryopteris angelica–b, Kauai

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00110 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 EP21oc08.037 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62701

11–Dubautia kenwoodii–b, Kauai 11– Tetraplasandra bisattenuata–c (see (a)(1)(cccxxxi), respectively, of this Labordia helleri–e, Kauai 11– paragraphs (a)(1)(cxxxiv), (a)(1)(cxlii), section). Pittosporum napaliense–b, Kauai 11– (a)(1)(cxlvi), (a)(1)(clxxv), (a)(1)(clxxix), (B) Note: Map 66a follows: Platydesma rostrata–g, Kauai 11– (a)(1)(ccxxii), (a)(1)(cclxxi), Psychotria hobdyi–b, and Kauai 11– (a)(1)(cclxxvii), (a)(1)(ccxci), and

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00111 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4725 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 EP21oc08.038 62702 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

* * * * * (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxxii)(B) of Kauai 11–Schiedea attenuata–a, and (cxxxiv) Kauai 11–Chamaesyce this section for the map of this unit. Kauai 11–Stenogyne kealiae–b (see eleanoriae–b (1,048 ha; 2,591 ac) (cxxxv) Kauai 11–Chamaesyce paragraphs (a)(1)(ccxxxvii), eleanoriae–c (288 ha; 712 ac) (a)(1)(cccviii), and (a)(1)(cccxxviii), (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxxii)(A) of (A) [Reserve for textual description of respectively, of this section). this section for the textual description of unit.] This unit is also critical habitat for this unit. Kauai 11–Lysimachia scopulensis–a, (B) Note: Map 67a follows:

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00112 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 EP21oc08.039 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62703

* * * * * Cyrtandra oenobarba–d, Kauai 11– paragraphs (a)(1)(cxliii), (a)(1)(cxlvii), (cxxxix) Kauai 11–Chamaesyce remyi Dubautia imbricata ssp. imbricata–b, (a)(1)(cl), (a)(1)(cli), (a)(1)(clii), var. kauaiensis–d (1,060 ha; 2,618 ac) Kauai 11–Labordia helleri–f, Kauai 11– (a)(1)(clxii), (a)(1)(clxxvii), (A) [Reserve for textual description of Melicope paniculata–b, Kauai 11– (a)(1)(ccxxiii), (a)(1)(ccxlvii), unit.] This unit is also critical habitat for Melicope puberula–d, Kauai 11– (a)(1)(ccxlix), (a)(1)(cclxvi), Kauai 11–Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi– Phyllostegia renovans–d, Kauai 11– (a)(1)(cclxxviii), (a)(1)(cccxxix), and h, Kauai 11–Charpentiera densiflora–d, Platydesma rostrata–h, Kauai 11– (a)(1)(cccxxxii), respectively, of this Kauai 11–Cyanea eleeleensis–b, Kauai Stenogyne kealiae–c, and Kauai 11– section). 11–Cyanea kolekoleensis–b, Kauai 11– Tetraplasandra bisattenuata–d (see Cyanea kuhihewa–b, Kauai 11– (B) Note: Map 70a follows:

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00113 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 62704 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

(cxl) Kauai 11–Chamaesyce remyi var. (A) [Reserve for textual description of i, Kauai 11–Cyanea dolichopoda–c, kauaiensis–e (77 ha; 190 ac) unit.] This unit is also critical habitat for Kauai 11–Cyrtandra oenobarba–e, Kauai Kauai 11–Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi– 11–Cyrtandra paliku–c, Kauai 11–

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00114 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 EP21oc08.040 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62705

Dubautia plantaginea ssp. magnifolia–c, Platydesma rostrata–i (see paragraphs (a)(1)(ccxxxviii), and (a)(1)(cclxxix), Kauai 11–Lysimachia iniki–c, Kauai 11– (a)(1)(cxliv), (a)(1)(cxlix), (a)(1)(clxiii), respectively, of this section). Lysimachia pendens–c, Kauai 11– (a)(1)(clxiv), (a)(1)(clxxxiii), (B) Note: Map 70b follows: Lysimachia venosa–c, and Kauai 11– (a)(1)(ccxxxv), (a)(1)(ccxxxvi),

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00115 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4725 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 EP21oc08.041 62706 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

(cxli) Kauai 11–Chamaesyce remyi (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxxix)(A) of Kauai 11–Diellia mannii–a, Kauai 11– var. remyi–f (5,705 ha; 14,096 ac) this section for the textual description of Labordia helleri–g, Kauai 11–Myrsine (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxix)(A) of this unit. knudsenii–a, Kauai 11–Myrsine mezii–c, this section for the textual description of (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxxix)(B) of Kauai 11–Platydesma rostrata–j, Kauai this unit. this section for the map of this unit. 11–Psychotria grandiflora–c, Kauai 11– (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxix)(B) of (cxliv) Kauai 11–Chamaesyce remyi Stenogyne kealiae–d, and Kauai 11– this section for the map of this unit. var. remyi–i (77 ha; 190 ac) Tetraplasandra flynnii–c (see (cxlii) Kauai 11–Chamaesyce remyi (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxl)(A) of this var. remyi–g (1,048 ha; 2,591 ac) section for the textual description of this paragraphs (a)(1)(clxxi), (a)(1)(ccxxiv), (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxxii)(A) of unit. (a)(1)(cclii), (a)(1)(cclviii), (a)(1)(cclxxx), this section for the textual description of (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxl)(B) of this (a)(1)(ccxc), (a)(1)(cccxxx), and this unit. section for the map of this unit. (a)(1)(cccxxxiv), respectively, of this (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxxii)(B) of (cxlv) Kauai 11–Chamaesyce remyi section). this section for the map of this unit. var. remyi–j (1,145 ha; 2,830 ac) (B) Note: Map 70c follows: (cxliii) Kauai 11–Chamaesyce remyi (A) [Reserve for textual description of var. remyi–h (1,060 ha; 2,618 ac) unit.] This unit is also critical habitat for

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00116 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62707

BILLING CODE 4310–55–C

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00117 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 EP21oc08.042 62708 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

(cxlvi) Kauai 11–Charpentiera (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxlv)(A) of (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxix)(A) of densiflora–c (1,048 ha; 2,591 ac) this section for the textual description of this section for the textual description of (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxxii)(A) of this unit. this unit. this section for the textual description of (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxlv)(B) of (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxix)(B) of this unit. this section for the map of this unit. this section for the map of this unit. (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxxii)(B) of * * * * * (ccxvi) Kauai 11–Keysseria helenae–b this section for the map of this unit. (clxxv) Kauai 11–Doryopteris (5,705 ha; 14,096 ac) (cxlvii) Kauai 11–Charpentiera angelica–b (1,048 ha; 2,591ac) (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxix)(A) of densiflora–d (1,060 ha; 2,618 ac) (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxxii)(A) of this section for the textual description of (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxxix)(A) of this section for the textual description of this unit. this section for the textual description of this unit. (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxix)(B) of this unit. (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxxii)(B) of this section for the map of this unit. (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxxix)(B) of this section for the map of this unit. * * * * * this section for the map of this unit. (clxxvi) Kauai 11–Dryopteris crinalis (ccxxi) Kauai 11–Labordia helleri–d * * * * * var. podosorus–b (5,705 ha; 14,096 ac) (5,705 ha; 14,096 ac) (cxlix) Kauai 11–Cyanea (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxix)(A) of (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxix)(A) of dolichopoda–c (77 ha; 190 ac) this section for the textual description of this section for the textual description of (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxl)(A) of this this unit. this unit. section for the textual description of this (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxix)(B) of (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxix)(B) of unit. this section for the map of this unit. this section for the map of this unit. (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxl)(B) of this (clxxvii) Kauai 11–Dubautia imbricata (ccxxii) Kauai 11–Labordia helleri–e section for the map of this unit. ssp. imbricata–b (1,060 ha; 2,618 ac) (1,048 ha; 2,591 ac) (cl) Kauai 11–Cyanea eleeleensis–b (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxxix)(A) of (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxxii)(A) of (1,060 ha; 2,618 ac) this section for the textual description of this section for the textual description of (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxxix)(A) of this unit. this unit. this section for the textual description of (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxxix)(B) of (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxxii)(B) of this unit. this section for the map of this unit. this section for the map of this unit. (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxxix)(B) of (clxxviii) Kauai 11–Dubautia (ccxxiii) Kauai 11–Labordia helleri–f this section for the map of this unit. kalalauensis–b (5,705 ha; 14,096 ac) (1,060 ha; 2,618 ac) (cli) Kauai 11–Cyanea kolekoleensis– (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxix)(A) of (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxxix)(A) of b (1,060 ha; 2,618 ac) this section for the textual description of this section for the textual description of (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxxix)(A) of this unit. this unit. this section for the textual description of (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxix)(B) of (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxxix)(B) of this unit. this section for the map of this unit. this section for the map of this unit. (ccxxiv) Kauai 11–Labordia helleri–g (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxxix)(B) of (clxxix) Kauai 11–Dubautia (1,145 ha; 2,830 ac) this section for the map of this unit. kenwoodii–b (1,048 ha; 2,591 ac) (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxlv)(A) of (clii) Kauai 11–Cyanea kuhihewa–b (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxxii)(A) of this section for the textual description of (1,060 ha; 2,618 ac) this section for the textual description of this unit. this unit. (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxxix)(A) of (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxlv)(B) of (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxxii)(B) of this section for the textual description of this section for the map of this unit. this unit. this section for the map of this unit. * * * * * (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxxix)(B) of * * * * * (ccxxviii) Kauai 11–Labordia pumila– this section for the map of this unit. (clxxxiii) Kauai 11–Dubautia b (5,705 ha; 14,096 ac) plantaginea ssp. magnifolia–c (77 ha; * * * * * (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxix)(A) of 190 ac) (clxii) Kauai 11–Cyrtandra this section for the textual description of (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxl)(A) of this oenobarba–d (1,060 ha; 2,618 ac) this unit. (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxxix)(A) of section for the textual description of this (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxix)(B) of this section for the textual description of unit. this section for the map of this unit. this unit. (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxl)(B) of this * * * * * (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxxix)(B) of section for the map of this unit. (ccxxxiv) Kauai 11–Lysimachia this section for the map of this unit. (clxxxiv) Kauai 11–Dubautia daphnoides–b (5,705 ha; 14,096 ac) (clxiii) Kauai 11–Cyrtandra waialealae–b (5,705 ha; 14,096 ac) (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxix)(A) of (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxix)(A) of oenobarba–e (77 ha; 190 ac) this section for the textual description of (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxl)(A) of this this section for the textual description of this unit. this unit. section for the textual description of this (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxix)(B) of unit. (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxix)(B) of this section for the map of this unit. this section for the map of this unit. (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxl)(B) of this (ccxxxv) Kauai 11–Lysimachia iniki–c section for the map of this unit. * * * * * (77 ha; 190 ac) (clxiv) Kauai 11–Cyrtandra paliku–c (cxcviii) Kauai 11–Geranium (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxl)(A) of this (77 ha; 190 ac) kauaiense–b (5,705 ha; 14,096 ac) section for the textual description of this (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxl)(A) of this (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxix)(A) of unit. section for the textual description of this this section for the textual description of (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxl)(B) of this unit. this unit. section for the map of this unit. (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxl)(B) of this (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxix)(B) of (ccxxxvi) Kauai 11–Lysimachia section for the map of this unit. this section for the map of this unit. pendens–c (77 ha; 190 ac) * * * * * * * * * * (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxl)(A) of this (clxxi) Kauai 11–Diellia mannii–a (ccxv) Kauai 11–Keysseria erici–b section for the textual description of this (1,145 ha; 2,830 ac) (5,705 ha; 14,096 ac) unit.

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00118 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62709

(B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxl)(B) of this (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxlv)(B) of (ccxc) Kauai 11–Psychotria section for the map of this unit. this section for the map of this unit. grandiflora–c (1,145 ha; 2,830 ac) (ccxxxvii) Kauai 11–Lysimachia * * * * * (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxlv)(A) of scopulensis–a (288 ha; 712 ac) (cclxv) Kauai 11–Phyllostegia this section for the textual description of (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxxv)(A) of renovans–c (5,705 ha; 14,096 ac) this unit. this section for the textual description of (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxix)(A) of (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxlv)(B) of this unit. this section for the textual description of this section for the map of this unit. (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxxv)(B) of this unit. (ccxci) Kauai 11–Psychotria hobdyi–b this section for the map of this unit. (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxix)(B) of (1,048 ha; 2,591ac) (ccxxxviii) Kauai 11– Lysimachia this section for the map of this unit. (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxxii)(A) of venosa–c (77 ha; 190 ac) (cclxvi) Kauai 11–Phyllostegia this section for the textual description of (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxl)(A) of this renovans–d (1,060 ha; 2,618 ac) this unit. (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxxii)(B) of section for the textual description of this (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxxix)(A) of this section for the map of this unit. unit. this section for the textual description of (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxl)(B) of this this unit. * * * * * section for the map of this unit. (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxxix)(B) of (cccviii) Kauai 11–Schiedea this section for the map of this unit. attenuata–a (288 ha; 712 ac) * * * * * (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxxv)(A) of (ccxl) Kauai 11–Melicope degeneri–b * * * * * (cclxxi) Kauai 11–Pittosporum this section for the textual description of (5,705 ha; 14,096 ac) this unit. (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxix)(A) of napaliense–b (1,048 ha; 2,591 ac) (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxxii)(A) of (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxxv)(B) of this section for the textual description of this section for the map of this unit. this unit. this section for the textual description of this unit. * * * * * (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxix)(B) of (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxxii)(B) of (cccxxviii) Kauai 11–Stenogyne this section for the map of this unit. this section for the map of this unit. kealiae–b (288 ha; 712 ac) * * * * * (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxxv)(A) of * * * * * (ccxlvii) Kauai 11–Melicope (cclxxvi) Kauai 11–Platydesma this section for the textual description of paniculata–b (1,060 ha; 2,618 ac) rostrata–f (5,705 ha; 14,096 ac) this unit. (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxxix)(A) of (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxix)(A) of (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxxv)(B) of this section for the textual description of this section for the textual description of this section for the map of this unit. (cccxxix) Kauai 11–Stenogyne this unit. this unit. (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxxix)(B) of (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxix)(B) of kealiae–c (1,060 ha; 2,618 ac) (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxxix)(A) of this section for the map of this unit. this section for the map of this unit. this section for the textual description of (ccxlviii) Kauai 11–Melicope (cclxxvii) Kauai 11–Platydesma this unit. puberula–c (5,705 ha; 14,096 ac) rostrata–g (1,048 ha; 2,591ac) (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxxix)(B) of (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxix)(A) of (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxxii)(A) of this section for the textual description of this section for the map of this unit. this section for the textual description of (cccxxx) Kauai 11–Stenogyne kealiae– this unit. this unit. d (1,145 ha; 2,830 ac) (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxix)(B) of (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxxii)(B) of (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxlv)(A) of this section for the map of this unit. this section for the map of this unit. this section for the textual description of (cclxxviii) Kauai 11–Platydesma (ccxlix) Kauai 11–Melicope puberula– this unit. d (1,060 ha; 2,618 ac) rostrata–h (1,060 ha; 2,618 ac) (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxlv)(B) of (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxxix)(A) of (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxxix)(A) of this section for the map of this unit. this section for the textual description of this section for the textual description of (cccxxxi) Kauai 11–Tetraplasandra this unit. this unit. bisattenuata–c (1,048 ha; 2,591 ac) (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxxix)(B) of (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxxix)(B) of (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxxii)(A) of this section for the map of this unit. this section for the map of this unit. this section for the textual description of (cclxxix) Kauai 11–Platydesma * * * * * this unit. rostrata–i (77 ha; 190 ac) (cclii) Kauai 11–Myrsine knudsenii–a (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxxii)(B) of (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxl)(A) of this (1,145 ha; 2,830 ac) this section for the map of this unit. section for the textual description of this (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxlv)(A) of (cccxxxii) Kauai 11–Tetraplasandra unit. bisattenuata–d (1,060 ha; 2,618 ac) this section for the textual description of (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxl)(B) of this this unit. (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxxix)(A) of section for the map of this unit. this section for the textual description of (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxlv)(B) of (cclxxx) Kauai 11–Platydesma this section for the map of this unit. this unit. rostrata–j (1,145 ha; 2,830 ac) (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxxix)(B) of * * * * * (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxlv)(A) of this section for the map of this unit. (cclvii) Kauai 11–Myrsine mezii–b this section for the textual description of (cccxxxiii) Kauai 11–Tetraplasandra (5,705 ha; 14,096 ac) this unit. flynnii–b (5,705 ha; 14,096 ac) (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxix)(A) of (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxlv)(B) of (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxix)(A) of this section for the textual description of this section for the map of this unit. this section for the textual description of this unit. * * * * * this unit. (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxix)(B) of (cclxxxix) Kauai 11–Psychotria (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxix)(B) of this section for the map of this unit. grandiflora–b (5,705 ha; 14,096 ac) this section for the map of this unit. (cclviii) Kauai 11–Myrsine mezii–c (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxix)(A) of (cccxxxiv) Kauai 11–Tetraplasandra (1,145 ha; 2,830 ac) this section for the textual description of flynnii–c (1,145 ha; 2,830 ac) (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxlv)(A) of this unit. (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxlv)(A) of this section for the textual description of (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxxix)(B) of this section for the textual description of this unit. this section for the map of this unit. this unit.

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00119 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 62710 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

(B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cxlv)(B) of kauaiense–c, Kauai 18–Keysseria erici– paragraphs (a)(1)(cccl), (a)(1)(cccli), this section for the map of this unit. c, Kauai 18–Keysseria helenae–c, Kauai (a)(1)(ccclii), (a)(1)(cccliii), (a)(1)(cccliv), * * * * * 18–Labordia helleri–h, Kauai 18– (a)(1)(ccclv), (a)(1)(ccclvi), (cccxlix) Kauai 18—Astelia Labordia pumila–c, Kauai 18– (a)(1)(ccclvii), (a)(1)(ccclviii), waialealae—c (452 ha; 1,116ac) Lysimachia daphnoides–c, Kauai 18– (a)(1)(ccclix), (a)(1)(ccclx), (a)(1)(ccclxi), (A) [Reserve for textual description of Melicope degeneri–c, Kauai 18– (a)(1)(ccclxii), (a)(1)(ccclxiii), unit.] This unit is also critical habitat for Melicope puberula–e, Kauai 18–Myrsine (a)(1)(ccclxiv), (a)(1)(ccclxv), and Kauai 18–Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi– mezii–d, Kauai 18–Phyllostegia (a)(1)(ccclxvi), respectively, of this k, Kauai 18–Dryopteris crinalis var. renovans–e, Kauai 18–Platydesma section). podosorus–c, Kauai 18–Dubautia rostrata–k, Kauai 18–Psychotria kalalauensis–c, Kauai 18–Dubautia grandiflora–d, and Kauai 18– (B) Note: Map 217a follows: waialealae–c, Kauai 18–Geranium Tetraplasandra flynnii–d (see BILLING CODE 4310–55–S

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00120 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62711

BILLING CODE 4310–55–C

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00121 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 EP21oc08.043 62712 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

(cccl) Kauai 18–Chamaesyce remyi (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cccxlix)(B) of (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cccxlix)(A) of var. remyi–k (452 ha; 1,116 ac) this section for the map of this unit. this section for the textual description of (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cccxlix)(A) of (ccclvii) Kauai 18–Labordia helleri–h this unit. this section for the textual description of (452 ha; 1,116 ac) (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cccxlix)(B) of this unit. (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cccxlix)(A) of this section for the map of this unit. (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cccxlix)(B) of this section for the textual description of (ccclxiv) Kauai 18–Platydesma this section for the map of this unit. this unit. rostrata–k (452 ha; 1,116 ac) (cccli) Kauai 18–Dryopteris crinalis (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cccxlix)(B) of (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cccxlix)(A) of var. podosorus–c (452 ha; 1,116 ac) this section for the map of this unit. this section for the textual description of (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cccxlix)(A) of (ccclviii) Kauai 18–Labordia pumila– this unit. this section for the textual description of c (452 ha; 1,116 ac) (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cccxlix)(B) of this unit. (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cccxlix)(A) of this section for the map of this unit. (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cccxlix)(B) of this section for the textual description of (ccclxv) Kauai 18–Psychotria this section for the map of this unit. this unit. grandiflora–d (452 ha; 1,116 ac) (ccclii) Kauai 18–Dubautia (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cccxlix)(B) of (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cccxlix)(A) of kalalauensis–c (452 ha; 1,116 ac) this section for the map of this unit. this section for the textual description of (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cccxlix)(A) of (ccclix) Kauai 18–Lysimachia this unit. this section for the textual description of daphnoides–c (452 ha; 1,116 ac) (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cccxlix)(B) of this section for the map of this unit. this unit. (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cccxlix)(A) of (ccclxvi) Kauai 18–Tetraplasandra (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cccxlix)(B) of this section for the textual description of flynnii–d (452 ha; 1,116 ac) this section for the map of this unit. this unit. (cccliii) Kauai 18–Dubautia (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cccxlix)(A) of (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cccxlix)(B) of waialealae–c (452 ha; 1,116 ac) this section for the textual description of this section for the map of this unit. (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cccxlix)(A) of this unit. (ccclx) Kauai 18–Melicope degeneri–c this section for the textual description of (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cccxlix)(B) of (452 ha; 1,116 ac) this unit. this section for the map of this unit. (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cccxlix)(B) of (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cccxlix)(A) of (ccclxvii) Kauai 19—Chamaesyce this section for the map of this unit. this section for the textual description of remyi var. kauaiensis–f (120 ha; 296 ac) (cccliv) Kauai 18–Geranium this unit. (A) [Reserve for textual description of kauaiense–c (452 ha; 1,116 ac) (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cccxlix)(B) of unit.] This unit is also critical habitat for (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cccxlix)(A) of this section for the map of this unit. Kauai 19–Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi– this section for the textual description of (ccclxi) Kauai 18–Melicope puberula– l, Kauai 19–Cyanea dolichopoda–d, this unit. e (452 ha; 1,116 ac) Kauai 19–Cyrtandra oenobarba–f, Kauai (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cccxlix)(B) of (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cccxlix)(A) of 19–Cyrtandra paliku–d, Kauai 19– this section for the map of this unit. this section for the textual description of Dubautia plantaginea ssp. magnifolia– (ccclv) Kauai 18–Keysseria erici–c this unit. d, Kauai 19–Lysimachia iniki–d, Kauai (452 ha; 1,116 ac) (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cccxlix)(B) of 19–Lysimachia pendens–d, Kauai 19– (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cccxlix)(A) of this section for the map of this unit. Lysimachia venosa–d, and Kauai 19– this section for the textual description of (ccclxii) Kauai 18–Myrsine mezii–d Platydesma rostrata–l (see paragraphs this unit. (452 ha; 1,116 ac) (a)(1)(ccclxviii), (a)(1)(ccclxix), (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cccxlix)(B) of (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cccxlix)(A) of (a)(1)(ccclxx), (a)(1)(ccclxxi), this section for the map of this unit. this section for the textual description of (a)(1)(ccclxxii), (a)(1)(ccclxxiii), (ccclvi) Kauai 18–Keysseria helenae– this unit. (a)(1)(ccclxxiv), (a)(1)(ccclxxv), and c (452 ha; 1,116 ac) (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cccxlix)(B) of (a)(1)(ccclxxvi), respectively, of this (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cccxlix)(A) of this section for the map of this unit. section). this section for the textual description of (ccclxiii) Kauai 18–Phyllostegia (B) Note: Map 217b follows: this unit. renovans–e (452 ha; 1,116 ac) BILLING CODE 4310–55–S

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00122 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62713

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00123 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4725 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 EP21oc08.044 62714 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

(ccclxviii) Kauai 19–Chamaesyce (ccclxxii) Kauai 19–Dubautia (ccclxxvi) Kauai 19–Platydesma remyi var. remyi–l (120 ha; 296 ac) plantaginea ssp. magnifolia–d (120 ha; rostrata–l (120 ha; 296 ac) (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(ccclxvii)(A) 296 ac) (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(ccclxvii)(A) of this section for the textual description (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(ccclxvii)(A) of this section for the textual description of this unit. of this section for the textual description of this unit. (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(ccclxvii)(B) of of this unit. (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(ccclxvii)(B) of (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(ccclxvii)(B) of this section for the map of this unit. this section for the map of this unit. (ccclxix) Kauai 19–Cyanea this section for the map of this unit. dolichopoda–d (120 ha; 296 ac) (ccclxxiii) Kauai 19–Lysimachia (ccclxxvii) Kauai 20–Chamaesyce (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(ccclxvii)(A) iniki–d (120 ha; 296 ac) remyi var. kauaiensis–g (9 ha; 23 ac) of this section for the textual description (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(ccclxvii)(A) (A) [Reserve for textual description of of this unit. of this section for the textual description unit.] This unit is also critical habitat for (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(ccclxvii)(B) of of this unit. Kauai 20–Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi– (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(ccclxvii)(B) of this section for the map of this unit. m, Kauai 20–Cyanea dolichopoda–e, this section for the map of this unit. Kauai 20–Cyrtandra oenobarba–g, Kauai (ccclxx) Kauai 19–Cyrtandra (ccclxxiv) Kauai 19–Lysimachia oenobarba–f (120 ha; 296 ac) 20–Cyrtandra paliku–e, Kauai 20– pendens–d (120 ha; 296 ac) Dubautia plantaginea ssp. magnifolia–e, (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(ccclxvii)(A) (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(ccclxvii)(A) Kauai 20–Lysimachia iniki–e, Kauai 20– of this section for the textual description of this section for the textual description Lysimachia pendens–e, Kauai 20– of this unit. of this unit. (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(ccclxvii)(B) of (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(ccclxvii)(B) of Lysimachia venosa–e, and Kauai 20– this section for the map of this unit. this section for the map of this unit. Platydesma rostrata–m (see paragraphs (ccclxxi) Kauai 19–Cyrtandra paliku– (ccclxxv) Kauai 19– Lysimachia (a)(1)(ccclxxviii), (a)(1)(ccclxxix), d (120 ha; 296 ac) venosa–d (120 ha; 296 ac) (a)(1)(ccclxxx), (a)(1)(ccclxxxi), (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(ccclxvii)(A) (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(ccclxvii)(A) (a)(1)(ccclxxxii), (a)(1)(ccclxxxiii), of this section for the textual description of this section for the textual description (a)(1)(ccclxxxiv), (a)(1)(ccclxxxv), and of this unit. of this unit. (a)(1)(ccclxxxvi), respectively, of this (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(ccclxvii)(B) of (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(ccclxvii)(B) of section). this section for the map of this unit. this section for the map of this unit. (B) Note: Map 217c follows:

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00124 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62715

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00125 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4725 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 EP21oc08.045 62716 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

(ccclxxviii) Kauai 20–Chamaesyce (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(ccclxxvii)(A) (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(ccclxxvii)(B) remyi var. remyi–m (9 ha; 23 ac) of this section for the textual description of this section for the map of this unit. (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(ccclxxvii)(A) of this unit. (ccclxxxvii) Kauai 21–Chamaesyce of this section for the textual description (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(ccclxxvii)(B) remyi var. kauaiensis–h (26 ha; 65 ac) of this unit. of this section for the map of this unit. (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(ccclxxvii)(B) (ccclxxxiii) Kauai 20–Lysimachia (A) [Reserve for textual description of of this section for the map of this unit. iniki–e (9 ha; 23 ac) unit.] This unit is also critical habitat for (ccclxxix) Kauai 20–Cyanea (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(ccclxxvii)(A) Kauai 21–Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi– dolichopoda–e (9 ha; 23 ac) of this section for the textual description n, Kauai 21–Charpentiera densiflora–e, (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(ccclxxvii)(A) of this unit. Kauai 21–Cyanea eleeleensis–c, Kauai of this section for the textual description (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(ccclxxvii)(B) 21–Cyanea kolekoleensis–c, Kauai 21– of this unit. of this section for the map of this unit. Cyanea kuhihewa–c, Kauai 21– (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(ccclxxvii)(B) (ccclxxxiv) Kauai 20–Lysimachia Cyrtandra oenobarba–h, Kauai 21– of this section for the map of this unit. pendens–e (9 ha; 23 ac) Dubautia imbricata ssp. imbricata–c, (ccclxxx) Kauai 20–Cyrtandra (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(ccclxxvii)(A) Kauai 21–Labordia helleri–i, Kauai 21– oenobarba–g (9 ha; 23 ac) of this section for the textual description Melicope paniculata–c, Kauai 21– (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(ccclxxvii)(A) of this unit. Melicope puberula–f, Kauai 21– of this section for the textual description (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(ccclxxvii)(B) Phyllostegia renovans–f, Kauai 21– of this unit. of this section for the map of this unit. Platydesma rostrata–n, Kauai 21– (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(ccclxxvii)(B) (ccclxxxv) Kauai 20– Lysimachia Stenogyne kealiae–e, and Kauai 21– of this section for the map of this unit. venosa–e (9 ha; 23 ac) Tetraplasandra bisattenuata–e (see (ccclxxxi) Kauai 20–Cyrtandra (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(ccclxxvii)(A) paragraphs (a)(1)(ccclxxxviii), paliku–e (9 ha; 23 ac) of this section for the textual description (a)(1)(ccclxxxix), (a)(1)(cccxc), (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(ccclxxvii)(A) of this unit. (a)(1)(cccxci), (a)(1)(cccxcii), of this section for the textual description (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(ccclxxvii)(B) (a)(1)(cccxciii), (a)(1)(cccxciv), of this unit. of this section for the map of this unit. (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(ccclxxvii)(B) (ccclxxxvi) Kauai 20–Platydesma (a)(1)(cccxcv), (a)(1)(cccxcvi), of this section for the map of this unit. rostrata–m (9 ha; 23 ac) (a)(1)(cccxcvii), (a)(1)(cccxcviii), (ccclxxxii) Kauai 20–Dubautia (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(ccclxxvii)(A) (a)(1)(cccxcix), (a)(1)(cd), and (a)(1)(cdi), plantaginea ssp. magnifolia–e (9 ha; 23 of this section for the textual description respectively, of this section). ac) of this unit. (B) Note: Map 217d follows:

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00126 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62717

BILLING CODE 4310–55–C

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00127 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 EP21oc08.046 62718 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

(ccclxxxviii) Kauai 21–Chamaesyce (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(ccclxxxvii)(B) (A) See paragraph remyi var. remyi–n (26 ha; 65 ac) of this section for the map of this unit. (a)(1)(ccclxxxvii)(A) of this section for (A) See paragraph (cccxciv) Kauai 21–Dubautia the textual description of this unit. (a)(1)(ccclxxxvii)(A) of this section for imbricata ssp. imbricata–c (26 ha; 65 ac) (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(ccclxxxvii)(B) the textual description of this unit. (A) See paragraph of this section for the map of this unit. (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(ccclxxxvii)(B) (a)(1)(ccclxxxvii)(A) of this section for of this section for the map of this unit. the textual description of this unit. (cd) Kauai 21–Stenogyne kealiae–e (ccclxxxix) Kauai 21–Charpentiera (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(ccclxxxvii)(B) (26 ha; 65 ac) densiflora–e (26 ha; 65 ac) of this section for the map of this unit. (A) See paragraph (A) See paragraph (cccxcv) Kauai 21–Labordia helleri–i (a)(1)(ccclxxxvii)(A) of this section for (a)(1)(ccclxxxvii)(A) of this section for (26 ha; 65 ac) the textual description of this unit. the textual description of this unit. (A) See paragraph (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(ccclxxxvii)(B) (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(ccclxxxvii)(B) (a)(1)(ccclxxxvii)(A) of this section for of this section for the map of this unit. of this section for the map of this unit. the textual description of this unit. (cdi) Kauai 21–Tetraplasandra (cccxc) Kauai 21–Cyanea eleeleensis– (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(ccclxxxvii)(B) bisattenuata–e (26 ha; 65 ac) c (26 ha; 65 ac) of this section for the map of this unit. (A) See paragraph (cccxcvi) Kauai 21–Melicope (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(ccclxxxvii)(A) of this section for paniculata–c (26 ha; 65 ac) (a)(1)(ccclxxxvii)(A) of this section for the textual description of this unit. (A) See paragraph the textual description of this unit. (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(ccclxxxvii)(B) (a)(1)(ccclxxxvii)(A) of this section for of this section for the map of this unit. (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(ccclxxxvii)(B) (cccxci) Kauai 21–Cyanea the textual description of this unit. of this section for the map of this unit. kolekoleensis–c (26 ha; 65 ac) (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(ccclxxxvii)(B) (cdii) Kauai 22–Chamaesyce remyi (A) See paragraph of this section for the map of this unit. var. remyi–o (3 ha; 8 ac) (a)(1)(ccclxxxvii)(A) of this section for (cccxcvii) Kauai 21–Melicope puberula–f (26 ha; 65 ac) (A) [Reserve for textual description of the textual description of this unit. unit.] This unit is also critical habitat for (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(ccclxxxvii)(B) (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(ccclxxxvii)(A) of this section for Kauai 22–Diellia mannii–b, Kauai 22– of this section for the map of this unit. Labordia helleri–j, Kauai 22–Myrsine (cccxcii) Kauai 21–Cyanea kuhihewa– the textual description of this unit. (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(ccclxxxvii)(B) knudsenii–b, Kauai 22–Myrsine mezii–e, c (26 ha; 65 ac) Kauai 22–Platydesma rostrata–o, Kauai (A) See paragraph of this section for the map of this unit. 22–Psychotria grandiflora–e, Kauai 22– (a)(1)(ccclxxxvii)(A) of this section for (cccxcviii) Kauai 21–Phyllostegia Stenogyne kealiae–f, and Kauai 22– the textual description of this unit. renovans–f (26 ha; 65 ac) (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(ccclxxxvii)(B) (A) See paragraph Tetraplasandra flynnii–e (see of this section for the map of this unit. (a)(1)(ccclxxxvii)(A) of this section for paragraphs (a)(1)(cdiii), (a)(1)(cdiv), (cccxciii) Kauai 21–Cyrtandra the textual description of this unit. (a)(1)(cdv), (a)(1)(cdvi), (a)(1)(cdvii), oenobarba–h (26 ha; 65 ac) (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(ccclxxxvii)(B) (a)(1)(cdviii), (a)(1)(cdix), and (A) See paragraph of this section for the map of this unit. (a)(1)(cdx), respectively, of this section). (a)(1)(ccclxxxvii)(A) of this section for (cccxcix) Kauai 21–Platydesma (B) Note: Map 217e follows: the textual description of this unit. rostrata–n (26 ha; 65 ac) BILLING CODE 4310–55–S

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00128 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62719

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00129 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4725 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 EP21oc08.047 62720 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

(cdiii) Kauai 22–Diellia mannii–b (3 (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdii)(A) of (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdii)(B) of ha; 8 ac) this section for the textual description of this section for the map of this unit. (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdii)(A) of this unit. (cdx) Kauai 22–Tetraplasandra this section for the textual description of (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdii)(B) of flynnii–e (3 ha; 8 ac) this unit. this section for the map of this unit. (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdii)(A) of this section for the textual description of (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdii)(B) of (cdvii) Kauai 22–Platydesma rostrata– this unit. this section for the map of this unit. o (3 ha; 8 ac) (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdii)(A) of (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdii)(B) of (cdiv) Kauai 22–Labordia helleri–j (3 this section for the map of this unit. ha; 8 ac) this section for the textual description of this unit. (cdxi) Kauai 23–Chamaesyce remyi (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdii)(A) of var. remyi–p (56 ha; 138 ac) (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdii)(B) of this section for the textual description of (A) [Reserve for textual description of this section for the map of this unit. this unit. unit.] This unit is also critical habitat for (cdviii) Kauai 22–Psychotria Kauai 23–Diellia mannii–c, Kauai 23– (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdii)(B) of grandiflora–e (3 ha; 8 ac) this section for the map of this unit. Labordia helleri–k, Kauai 23–Myrsine (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdii)(A) of knudsenii–c, Kauai 23–Myrsine mezii–f, (cdv) Kauai 22–Myrsine knudsenii–b this section for the textual description of (3 ha; 8 ac) Kauai 23–Platydesma rostrata–p, Kauai this unit. 23–Psychotria grandiflora–f, Kauai 23– (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdii)(A) of (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdii)(B) of Stenogyne kealiae–g, and Kauai 23– this section for the textual description of this section for the map of this unit. Tetraplasandra flynnii–f (see paragraphs this unit. (cdix) Kauai 22–Stenogyne kealiae–f (a)(1)(cdxii), (a)(1)(cdxiii), (a)(1)(cdxiv), (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdii)(B) of (3 ha; 8 ac) (a)(1)(cdxv), (a)(1)(cdxvi), (a)(1)(cdxvii), this section for the map of this unit. (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdii)(A) of (a)(1)(cdxviii), and (a)(1)(cdxix), (cdvi) Kauai 22–Myrsine mezii–e (3 this section for the textual description of respectively, of this section). ha; 8 ac) this unit. (B) Note: Map 217f follows:

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00130 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62721

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00131 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4725 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 EP21oc08.048 62722 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

(cdxii) Kauai 23–Diellia mannii–c (56 (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxi)(A) of Kauai 24–Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi– ha; 138 ac) this section for the textual description of q, Kauai 24–Dryopteris crinalis var. (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxi)(A) of this unit. podosorus–d, Kauai 24–Dubautia this section for the textual description of (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxi)(B) of kalalauensis–d, Kauai 24–Dubautia this unit. this section for the map of this unit. waialealae–d, Kauai 24–Geranium (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxi)(B) of (cdxvii) Kauai 23–Psychotria kauaiense–d, Kauai 24–Keysseria erici– this section for the map of this unit. grandiflora–f (56 ha; 138 ac) d, Kauai 24–Keysseria helenae–d, Kauai (cdxiii) Kauai 23–Labordia helleri–k (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxi)(A) of 24–Labordia helleri–l, Kauai 24– (56 ha; 138 ac) this section for the textual description of Labordia pumila–d, Kauai 24– (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxi)(A) of this unit. this section for the textual description of (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxi)(B) of Lysimachia daphnoides–d, Kauai 24– this unit. this section for the map of this unit. Melicope degeneri–d, Kauai 24– (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxi)(B) of (cdxviii) Kauai 23–Stenogyne kealiae– Melicope puberula–g, Kauai 24–Myrsine this section for the map of this unit. g (56 ha; 138 ac) mezii–g, Kauai 24–Phyllostegia (cdxiv) Kauai 23–Myrsine knudsenii– (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxi)(A) of renovans–g, Kauai 24–Platydesma c (56 ha; 138 ac) this section for the textual description of rostrata–q, Kauai 24–Psychotria (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxi)(A) of this unit. grandiflora–g, and Kauai 24– this section for the textual description of (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxi)(B) of Tetraplasandra flynnii–g (see this unit. this section for the map of this unit. paragraphs (a)(1)(cdxxi), (a)(1)(cdxxii), (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxi)(B) of (cdxix) Kauai 23–Tetraplasandra (a)(1)(cdxxiii), (a)(1)(cdxxiv), this section for the map of this unit. flynnii–f (56 ha; 138 ac) (a)(1)(cdxxv), (a)(1)(cdxxvi), (cdxv) Kauai 23–Myrsine mezii–f (56 (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxi)(A) of (a)(1)(cdxxvii), (a)(1)(cdxxviii), ha; 138 ac) this section for the textual description of (a)(1)(cdxxix), (a)(1)(cdxxx), (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxi)(A) of this unit. (a)(1)(cdxxxi), (a)(1)(cdxxxii), this section for the textual description of (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxi)(B) of (a)(1)(cdxxxiii), (a)(1)(cdxxxiv), this unit. this section for the map of this unit. (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxi)(B) of (cdxx) Kauai 24–Astelia waialealae–d (a)(1)(cdxxxv), (a)(1)(cdxxxvi), and this section for the map of this unit. (0.2 ha; 0.4 ac) (a)(1)(cdxxxvii), respectively, of this (cdxvi) Kauai 23–Platydesma (A) [Reserve for textual description of section). rostrata–p (56 ha; 138 ac) unit.] This unit is also critical habitat for (B) Note: Map 217g follows:

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00132 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62723

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00133 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4725 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 EP21oc08.049 62724 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

(cdxxi) Kauai 24–Chamaesyce remyi (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxx)(A) of (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxx)(B) of var. remyi–q (0.2 ha; 0.4 ac) this section for the textual description of this section for the map of this unit. (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxx)(A) of this unit. (cdxxxvi) Kauai 24–Psychotria this section for the textual description of (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxx)(B) of grandiflora–g (0.2 ha; 0.4 ac) this unit. this section for the map of this unit. (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxx)(B) of (cdxxix) Kauai 24–Labordia pumila–d (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxx)(A) of this section for the map of this unit. (0.2 ha; 0.4 ac) this section for the textual description of (cdxxii) Kauai 24–Dryopteris crinalis (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxx)(A) of this unit. var. podosorus–d (0.2 ha; 0.4 ac) this section for the textual description of (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxx)(B) of (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxx)(A) of this unit. this section for the map of this unit. this section for the textual description of (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxx)(B) of (cdxxxvii) Kauai 24–Tetraplasandra this unit. this section for the map of this unit. (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxx)(B) of (cdxxx) Kauai 24–Lysimachia flynnii–g (0.2 ha; 0.4 ac) this section for the map of this unit. daphnoides–d (0.2 ha; 0.4 ac) (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxx)(A) of (cdxxiii) Kauai 24–Dubautia (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxx)(A) of this section for the textual description of kalalauensis–d (0.2 ha; 0.4 ac) this section for the textual description of this unit. (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxx)(A) of this unit. (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxx)(B) of (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxx)(B) of this section for the textual description of this section for the map of this unit. this unit. this section for the map of this unit. (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxx)(B) of (cdxxxi) Kauai 24–Melicope degeneri– (cdxxxviii) Kauai 25–Astelia this section for the map of this unit. d (0.2 ha; 0.4 ac) waialealae–e (0.01 ha; 0.04 ac) (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxx)(A) of (cdxxiv) Kauai 24–Dubautia (A) [Reserve for textual description of this section for the textual description of waialealae–d (0.2 ha; 0.4 ac) unit.] This unit is also critical habitat for (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxx)(A) of this unit. (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxx)(B) of Kauai 25–Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi– this section for the textual description of this section for the map of this unit. r, Kauai 25–Dryopteris crinalis var. this unit. (cdxxxii) Kauai 24–Melicope podosorus–e, Kauai 25–Dubautia (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxx)(B) of puberula–g (0.2 ha; 0.4 ac) kalalauensis–e, Kauai 25–Dubautia this section for the map of this unit. (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxx)(A) of waialealae–e, Kauai 25–Geranium (cdxxv) Kauai 24–Geranium this section for the textual description of kauaiense–e, Kauai 25–Keysseria erici– kauaiense–d (0.2 ha; 0.4 ac) this unit. e, Kauai 25–Keysseria helenae–e, Kauai (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxx)(A) of (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxx)(B) of 25–Labordia helleri–m, Kauai 25– this section for the textual description of this section for the map of this unit. Labordia pumila–e, Kauai 25– this unit. (cdxxxiii) Kauai 24–Myrsine mezii–g Lysimachia daphnoides–e, Kauai 25– (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxx)(B) of (0.2 ha; 0.4 ac) Melicope degeneri–e, Kauai 25– this section for the map of this unit. (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxx)(A) of Melicope puberula–h, Kauai 25–Myrsine (cdxxvi) Kauai 24–Keysseria erici–d this section for the textual description of mezii–h, Kauai 25–Phyllostegia (0.2 ha; 0.4 ac) this unit. renovans–h, Kauai 25–Platydesma (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxx)(A) of (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxx)(B) of rostrata–r, Kauai 25–Psychotria this section for the textual description of this section for the map of this unit. grandiflora–h, and Kauai 25– this unit. (cdxxxiv) Kauai 24–Phyllostegia Tetraplasandra flynnii–h (see (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxx)(B) of renovans–g (0.2 ha; 0.4 ac) paragraphs (a)(1)(cdxxxix), (a)(1)(cdxl), this section for the map of this unit. (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxx)(A) of (a)(1)(cdxli), (a)(1)(cdxlii), (a)(1)(cdxliii), (cdxxvii) Kauai 24–Keysseria this section for the textual description of (a)(1)(cdxliv), (a)(1)(cdxlv), helenae–d (0.2 ha; 0.4 ac) this unit. (a)(1)(cdxlvi), (a)(1)(cdxlvii), (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxx)(A) of (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxx)(B) of (a)(1)(cdxlviii), (a)(1)(cdxlix), (a)(1)(cdl), this section for the textual description of this section for the map of this unit. (a)(1)(cdli), (a)(1)(cdlii), (a)(1)(cdliii), this unit. (cdxxxv) Kauai 24–Platydesma (a)(1)(cdliv), and (a)(1)(cdlv), (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxx)(B) of rostrata–q (0.2 ha; 0.4 ac) this section for the map of this unit. (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxx)(A) of respectively, of this section). (cdxxviii) Kauai 24–Labordia helleri– this section for the textual description of (B) Note: Map 217h follows: l (0.2 ha; 0.4 ac) this unit. BILLING CODE 4310–55–S

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00134 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62725

BILLING CODE 4310–55–C

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00135 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 EP21oc08.050 62726 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

(cdxxxix) Kauai 25–Chamaesyce (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxxxviii)(B) (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxxxviii)(A) remyi var. remyi–r (0.01 ha; 0.04 ac) of this section for the map of this unit. of this section for the textual description (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxxxviii)(A) (cdxlv) Kauai 25–Keysseria helenae–e of this unit. of this section for the textual description (0.01 ha; 0.04 ac) (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxxxviii)(B) of this unit. (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxxxviii)(A) of this section for the map of this unit. (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxxxviii)(B) of this section for the textual description (cdli) Kauai 25–Myrsine mezii–h (0.01 of this section for the map of this unit. of this unit. ha; 0.04 ac) (cdxl) Kauai 25–Dryopteris crinalis (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxxxviii)(B) (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxxxviii)(A) var. podosorus–e (0.01 ha; 0.04 ac) of this section for the map of this unit. of this section for the textual description (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxxxviii)(A) (cdxlvi) Kauai 25–Labordia helleri–m of this unit. of this section for the textual description (0.01 ha; 0.04 ac) (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxxxviii)(B) of this unit. (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxxxviii)(A) of this section for the map of this unit. (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxxxviii)(B) of this section for the textual description (cdlii) Kauai 25–Phyllostegia of this section for the map of this unit. of this unit. renovans–h (0.01 ha; 0.04 ac) (cdxli) Kauai 25–Dubautia (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxxxviii)(B) (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxxxviii)(A) kalalauensis–e (0.01 ha; 0.04 ac) of this section for the map of this unit. of this section for the textual description (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxxxviii)(A) of this unit. (cdxlvii) Kauai 25–Labordia pumila–e of this section for the textual description (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxxxviii)(B) (0.01 ha; 0.04 ac) of this unit. of this section for the map of this unit. (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxxxviii)(A) (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxxxviii)(B) (cdliii) Kauai 25–Platydesma of this section for the textual description of this section for the map of this unit. rostrata–r (0.01 ha; 0.04 ac) of this unit. (cdxlii) Kauai 25–Dubautia (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxxxviii)(A) waialealae–e (0.01 ha; 0.04 ac) (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxxxviii)(B) of this section for the textual description (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxxxviii)(A) of this section for the map of this unit. of this unit. of this section for the textual description (cdxlviii) Kauai 25–Lysimachia (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxxxviii)(B) of this unit. daphnoides–e (0.01 ha; 0.04 ac) of this section for the map of this unit. (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxxxviii)(B) (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxxxviii)(A) (cdliv) Kauai 25–Psychotria of this section for the map of this unit. of this section for the textual description grandiflora–h (0.01 ha; 0.04 ac) (cdxliii) Kauai 25–Geranium of this unit. (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxxxviii)(A) kauaiense–e (0.01 ha; 0.04 ac) (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxxxviii)(B) of this section for the textual description (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxxxviii)(A) of this section for the map of this unit. of this unit. of this section for the textual description (cdxlix) Kauai 25–Melicope degeneri– (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxxxviii)(B) of this unit. e (0.01 ha; 0.04 ac) of this section for the map of this unit. (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxxxviii)(B) (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxxxviii)(A) (cdlv) Kauai 25–Tetraplasandra of this section for the map of this unit. of this section for the textual description flynnii–h (0.01 ha; 0.04 ac) (cdxliv) Kauai 25–Keysseria erici–e of this unit. (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxxxviii)(A) (0.01 ha; 0.04 ac) (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxxxviii)(B) of this section for the textual description (A) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxxxviii)(A) of this section for the map of this unit. of this unit. of this section for the textual description (cdl) Kauai 25–Melicope puberula–h (B) See paragraph (a)(1)(cdxxxviii)(B) of this unit. (0.01 ha; 0.04 ac) of this section for the map of this unit.

(CDLVI) TABLE OF PROTECTED SPECIES WITHIN EACH CRITICAL HABITAT UNIT FOR KAUAI

Unit name Species occupied Species unoccupied

* * * * * * *

Kauai 4–Chamaesyce remyi var. kauaiensis–a Chamaesyce remyi var. kauaiensis Chamaesyce remyi var. kauaiensis

Kauai 4–Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi–a Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi

* * * * * * *

Kauai 4–Cyanea dolichopoda–a Cyanea dolichopoda Cyanea dolichopoda

* * * * * * *

Kauai 4–Cyrtandra oenobarba–a Cyrtandra oenobarba Cyrtandra oenobarba

Kauai 4–Cyrtandra paliku–a Cyrtandra paliku Cyrtandra paliku

Kauai 4–Dubautia plantaginea ssp. Dubautia plantaginea ssp. magnifolia Dubautia plantaginea ssp. magnifolia magnifolia–a

* * * * * * *

Kauai 4–Lysimachia iniki–a Lysimachia iniki Lysimachia iniki

Kauai 4–Lysimachia pendens–a Lysimachia pendens Lysimachia pendens

Kauai 4– Lysimachia venosa–a Lysimachia venosa

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00136 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62727

(CDLVI) TABLE OF PROTECTED SPECIES WITHIN EACH CRITICAL HABITAT UNIT FOR KAUAI—Continued

Unit name Species occupied Species unoccupied

* * * * * * *

Kauai 4–Platydesma rostrata–a Platydesma rostrata Platydesma rostrata

* * * * * * *

Kauai 7–Canavalia napaliensis–a Canavalia napaliensis Canavalia napaliensis

Kauai 7–Chamaesyce eleanoriae–a Chamaesyce eleanoriae Chamaesyce eleanoriae

Kauai 7–Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi–b Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi

Kauai 7–Charpentiera densiflora–a Charpentiera densiflora Charpentiera densiflora

* * * * * * *

Kauai 7–Doryopteris angelica–a Doryopteris angelica Doryopteris angelica

Kauai 7–Dubautia kenwoodii–a Dubautia kenwoodii Dubautia kenwoodii

* * * * * * *

Kauai 7–Labordia helleri–a Labordia helleri Labordia helleri

* * * * * * *

Kauai 7–Pittosporum napaliense–a Pittosporum napaliense Pittosporum napaliense

Kauai 7–Platydesma rostrata–b Platydesma rostrata Platydesma rostrata

Kauai 7–Psychotria hobdyi–a Psychotria hobdyi Psychotria hobdyi

* * * * * * *

Kauai 7–Tetraplasandra bisattenuata–a Tetraplasandra bisattenuata Tetraplasandra bisattenuata

* * * * * * *

Kauai 10–Astelia waialealae–a Astelia waialealae Astelia waialealae

* * * * * * *

Kauai 10–Chamaesyce remyi var. kauaiensis– Chamaesyce remyi var. kauaiensis Chamaesyce remyi var. kauaiensis b

Kauai 10–Chamaesyce remyi var. kauaiensis– Chamaesyce remyi var. kauaiensis Chamaesyce remyi var. kauaiensis c

Kauai 10–Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi–c Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi

Kauai 10–Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi–d Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi

Kauai 10–Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi–e Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi

Kauai 10–Charpentiera densiflora–b Charpentiera densiflora Charpentiera densiflora

* * * * * * *

Kauai 10–Cyanea dolichopoda–b Cyanea dolichopoda Cyanea dolichopoda

Kauai 10–Cyanea eleeleensis–a Cyanea eleeleensis

Kauai 10–Cyanea kolekoleensis–a Cyanea kolekoleensis

Kauai 10–Cyanea kuhihewa–a Cyanea kuhihewa

* * * * * * *

Kauai 10–Cyrtandra oenobarba–b Cyrtandra oenobarba Cyrtandra oenobarba

Kauai 10–Cyrtandra oenobarba–c Cyrtandra oenobarba Cyrtandra oenobarba

Kauai 10–Cyrtandra paliku–b Cyrtandra paliku Cyrtandra paliku

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00137 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 62728 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

(CDLVI) TABLE OF PROTECTED SPECIES WITHIN EACH CRITICAL HABITAT UNIT FOR KAUAI—Continued

Unit name Species occupied Species unoccupied

Kauai 10–Dryopteris crinalis var. podosorus–a Dryopteris crinalis var. podosorus Dryopteris crinalis var. podosorus

Kauai 10–Dubautia imbricata ssp. imbricata–a Dubautia imbricata ssp. imbricata Dubautia imbricata ssp. imbricata

Kauai 10–Dubautia kalalauensis–a Dubautia kalalauensis Dubautia kalalauensis

* * * * * * *

Kauai 10–Dubautia plantaginea ssp. Dubautia plantaginea ssp. magnifolia Dubautia plantaginea ssp. magnifolia magnifolia–b

Kauai 10–Dubautia waialealae–a Dubautia waialealae Dubautia waialealae

* * * * * * *

Kauai 10–Geranium kauaiense–a Geranium kauaiense Geranium kauaiense

* * * * * * *

Kauai 10–Keysseria erici–a Keysseria erici Keysseria erici

Kauai 10–Keysseria helenae–a Keysseria helenae Keysseria helenae

Kauai 10–Labordia helleri–b Labordia helleri Labordia helleri

Kauai 10–Labordia helleri–c Labordia helleri Labordia helleri

* * * * * * *

Kauai 10–Labordia pumila–a Labordia pumila Labordia pumila

* * * * * * *

Kauai 10–Lysimachia daphnoides–a Lysimachia daphnoides Lysimachia daphnoides

* * * * * * *

Kauai 10–Lysimachia iniki–b Lysimachia iniki Lysimachia iniki

Kauai 10–Lysimachia pendens–b Lysimachia pendens Lysimachia pendens

Kauai 10–Lysimachia venosa–b Lysimachia venosa

Kauai 10–Melicope degeneri–a Melicope paniculata Melicope paniculata

Kauai 10–Melicope paniculata–a Melicope paniculata Melicope paniculata

Kauai 10–Melicope puberula–a Melicope puberula Melicope puberula

Kauai 10–Melicope puberula–b Melicope puberula Melicope puberula

* * * * * * *

Kauai 10–Myrsine mezii–a Myrsine mezii Myrsine mezii

* * * * * * *

Kauai 10–Phyllostegia renovans–a Phyllostegia renovans Phyllostegia renovans

Kauai 10–Phyllostegia renovans–b Phyllostegia renovans Phyllostegia renovans

* * * * * * *

Kauai 10–Platydesma rostrata–c Platydesma rostrata Platydesma rostrata

Kauai 10–Platydesma rostrata–d Platydesma rostrata Platydesma rostrata

Kauai 10–Platydesma rostrata–e Platydesma rostrata Platydesma rostrata

Kauai 10–Psychotria grandiflora–a Psychotria grandiflora Psychotria grandiflora

* * * * * * *

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00138 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62729

(CDLVI) TABLE OF PROTECTED SPECIES WITHIN EACH CRITICAL HABITAT UNIT FOR KAUAI—Continued

Unit name Species occupied Species unoccupied

Kauai 10–Stenogyne kealiae–a Stenogyne kealiae Stenogyne kealiae

Kauai 10–Tetraplasandra bisattenuata–b Tetraplasandra bisattenuata Tetraplasandra bisattenuata

Kauai 10–Tetraplasandra flynnii–a Tetraplasandra flynnii Tetraplasandra flynnii

* * * * * * *

Kauai 11–Astelia waialealae–b Astelia waialealae Astelia waialealae

* * * * * * *

Kauai 11–Canavalia napaliensis–b Canavalia napaliensis Canavalia napaliensis

* * * * * * *

Kauai 11–Chamaesyce eleanoriae–b Chamaesyce eleanoriae Chamaesyce eleanoriae

Kauai 11–Chamaesyce eleanoriae–c Chamaesyce eleanoriae Chamaesyce eleanoriae

* * * * * * *

Kauai 11–Chamaesyce remyi var. kauaiensis– Chamaesyce remyi var. kauaiensis Chamaesyce remyi var. kauaiensis d

Kauai 11–Chamaesyce remyi var. kauaiensis– Chamaesyce remyi var. kauaiensis Chamaesyce remyi var. kauaiensis e

Kauai 11–Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi–f Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi

Kauai 11–Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi–g Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi

Kauai 11–Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi–h Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi

Kauai 11–Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi–i Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi

Kauai 11–Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi–j Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi

Kauai 11–Charpentiera densiflora–c Charpentiera densiflora Charpentiera densiflora

Kauai 11–Charpentiera densiflora–d Charpentiera densiflora Charpentiera densiflora

* * * * * * *

Kauai 11–Cyanea dolichopoda–c Cyanea dolichopoda Cyanea dolichopoda

Kauai 11–Cyanea eleeleensis–b Cyanea eleeleensis

Kauai 11–Cyanea kolekoleensis–b Cyanea kolekoleensis

Kauai 11–Cyanea kuhihewa–b Cyanea kuhihewa

* * * * * * *

Kauai 11–Cyrtandra oenobarba–d Cyrtandra oenobarba Cyrtandra oenobarba

Kauai 11–Cyrtandra oenobarba–e Cyrtandra oenobarba Cyrtandra oenobarba

Kauai 11–Cyrtandra paliku–c Cyrtandra paliku Cyrtandra paliku

* * * * * * *

Kauai 11–Diellia mannii–a Diellia mannii Diellia mannii

* * * * * * *

Kauai 11–Doryopteris angelica–b Doryopteris angelica Doryopteris angelica

Kauai 11–Dryopteris crinalis var. podosorus–b Dryopteris crinalis var. podosorus Dryopteris crinalis var. podosorus

Kauai 11–Dubautia imbricata ssp. imbricata–b Dubautia imbricata ssp. imbricata Dubautia imbricata ssp. imbricata

Kauai 11–Dubautia kalalauensis–b Dubautia kalalauensis Dubautia kalalauensis

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00139 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 62730 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

(CDLVI) TABLE OF PROTECTED SPECIES WITHIN EACH CRITICAL HABITAT UNIT FOR KAUAI—Continued

Unit name Species occupied Species unoccupied

Kauai 11–Dubautia kenwoodii–b Dubautia kenwoodii Dubautia kenwoodii

* * * * * * *

Kauai 11–Dubautia plantaginea ssp. Dubautia plantaginea ssp. magnifolia Dubautia plantaginea ssp. magnifolia magnifolia–c

Kauai 11–Dubautia waialealae–b Dubautia waialealae Dubautia waialealae

* * * * * * *

Kauai 11–Geranium kauaiense–b Geranium kauaiense Geranium kauaiense

* * * * * * *

Kauai 11–Keysseria erici–b Keysseria erici Keysseria erici

Kauai 11–Keysseria helenae–b Keysseria helenae Keysseria helenae

* * * * * * *

Kauai 11–Labordia helleri–d Labordia helleri Labordia helleri

Kauai 11–Labordia helleri–e Labordia helleri Labordia helleri

Kauai 11–Labordia helleri–f Labordia helleri Labordia helleri

Kauai 11–Labordia helleri–g Labordia helleri Labordia helleri

* * * * * * *

Kauai 11–Labordia pumila–b Labordia pumila Labordia pumila

* * * * * * *

Kauai 11–Lysimachia daphnoides–b Lysimachia daphnoides Lysimachia daphnoides

Kauai 11–Lysimachia iniki–c Lysimachia iniki Lysimachia iniki

Kauai 11–Lysimachia pendens–c Lysimachia pendens Lysimachia pendens

Kauai 11–Lysimachia scopulensis–a Lysimachia scopulensis Lysimachia scopulensis

Kauai 11–Lysimachia venosa–c Lysimachia venosa

* * * * * * *

Kauai 11–Melicope degeneri–b Melicope degeneri Melicope degeneri

* * * * * * *

Kauai 11–Melicope paniculata–b Melicope paniculata Melicope paniculata

Kauai 11–Melicope puberula–c Melicope puberula Melicope puberula

Kauai 11–Melicope puberula–d Melicope puberula Melicope puberula

* * * * * * *

Kauai 11–Myrsine knudsenii–a Myrsine knudsenii Myrsine knudsenii

* * * * * * *

Kauai 11–Myrsine mezii–b Myrsine mezii Myrsine mezii

Kauai 11–Myrsine mezii–c Myrsine mezii Myrsine mezii

* * * * * * *

Kauai 11–Phyllostegia renovans–c Phyllostegia renovans Phyllostegia renovans

Kauai 11–Phyllostegia renovans–d Phyllostegia renovans Phyllostegia renovans

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00140 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62731

(CDLVI) TABLE OF PROTECTED SPECIES WITHIN EACH CRITICAL HABITAT UNIT FOR KAUAI—Continued

Unit name Species occupied Species unoccupied

* * * * * * *

Kauai 11–Pittosporum napaliense–b Pittosporum napaliense Pittosporum napaliense

* * * * * * *

Kauai 11–Platydesma rostrata–f Platydesma rostrata Platydesma rostrata

Kauai 11–Platydesma rostrata–g Platydesma rostrata Platydesma rostrata

Kauai 11–Platydesma rostrata–h Platydesma rostrata Platydesma rostrata

Kauai 11–Platydesma rostrata–i Platydesma rostrata Platydesma rostrata

Kauai 11–Platydesma rostrata–j Platydesma rostrata Platydesma rostrata

* * * * * * *

Kauai 11–Psychotria grandiflora–b Psychotria grandiflora Psychotria grandiflora

Kauai 11–Psychotria grandiflora–c Psychotria grandiflora Psychotria grandiflora

Kauai 11–Psychotria hobdyi–b Psychotria hobdyi Psychotria hobdyi

* * * * * * *

Kauai 11–Schiedea attenuata–a Schiedea attenuata Schiedea attenuata

* * * * * * *

Kauai 11–Stenogyne kealiae–b Stenogyne kealiae Stenogyne kealiae

Kauai 11–Stenogyne kealiae–c Stenogyne kealiae Stenogyne kealiae

Kauai 11–Stenogyne kealiae–d Stenogyne kealiae Stenogyne kealiae

Kauai 11–Tetraplasandra bisattenuata–c Tetraplasandra bisattenuata Tetraplasandra bisattenuata

Kauai 11–Tetraplasandra bisattenuata–d Tetraplasandra bisattenuata Tetraplasandra bisattenuata

Kauai 11–Tetraplasandra flynnii–b Tetraplasandra flynnii Tetraplasandra flynnii

Kauai 11–Tetraplasandra flynnii–c Tetraplasandra flynnii Tetraplasandra flynnii

* * * * * * *

Kauai 18–Astelia waialealae–c Astelia waialealae Astelia waialealae

Kauai 18–Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi–k Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi

Kauai 18–Dryopteris crinalis var. podosorus–c Dryopteris crinalis var. podosorus Dryopteris crinalis var. podosorus

Kauai 18–Dubautia kalalauensis–c Dubautia kalalauensis Dubautia kalalauensis

Kauai 18–Dubautia waialealae–c Dubautia waialealae Dubautia waialealae

Kauai 18–Geranium kauaiense–c Geranium kauaiense Geranium kauaiense

Kauai 18–Keysseria erici–c Keysseria erici Keysseria erici

Kauai 18–Keysseria helenae–c Keysseria helenae Keysseria helenae

Kauai 18–Labordia helleri–h Labordia helleri Labordia helleri

Kauai 18–Labordia pumila–c Labordia pumila Labordia pumila

Kauai 18–Lysimachia daphnoides–c Lysimachia daphnoides Lysimachia daphnoides

Kauai 18–Melicope degeneri–c Melicope degeneri Melicope degeneri

Kauai 18–Melicope puberula–e Melicope puberula Melicope puberula

Kauai 18–Myrsine mezii–d Myrsine mezii Myrsine mezii

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00141 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 62732 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

(CDLVI) TABLE OF PROTECTED SPECIES WITHIN EACH CRITICAL HABITAT UNIT FOR KAUAI—Continued

Unit name Species occupied Species unoccupied

Kauai 18–Phyllostegia renovans–e Phyllostegia renovans Phyllostegia renovans

Kauai 18–Platydesma rostrata–k Platydesma rostrata Platydesma rostrata

Kauai 18–Psychotria grandiflora–d Psychotria grandiflora Psychotria grandiflora

Kauai 18–Tetraplasandra flynnii–d Tetraplasandra flynnii Tetraplasandra flynnii

Kauai 19–Chamaesyce remyi var. kauaiensis– Chamaesyce remyi var. kauaiensis Chamaesyce remyi var. kauaiensis f

Kauai 19–Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi–l Chamaesyce remyi var. kauaiensis Chamaesyce remyi var. kauaiensis

Kauai 19–Cyanea dolichopoda–d Cyanea dolichopoda Cyanea dolichopoda

Kauai 19–Cyrtandra oenobarba–f Cyrtandra oenobarba Cyrtandra oenobarba

Kauai 19–Cyrtandra paliku–d Cyrtandra paliku Cyrtandra paliku

Kauai 19–Dubautia plantaginea ssp. Dubautia plantaginea ssp. magnifolia Dubautia plantaginea ssp. magnifolia magnifolia–d

Kauai 19–Lysimachia iniki–d Lysimachia iniki Lysimachia iniki

Kauai 19–Lysimachia pendens–d Lysimachia pendens Lysimachia pendens

Kauai 19– Lysimachia venosa–d Lysimachia venosa

Kauai 19–Platydesma rostrata–l Platydesma rostrata Platydesma rostrata

Kauai 20–Chamaesyce remyi var. kauaiensis– Chamaesyce remyi var. kauaiensis Chamaesyce remyi var. kauaiensis g

Kauai 20–Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi–m Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi

Kauai 20–Cyanea dolichopoda–e Cyanea dolichopoda Cyanea dolichopoda

Kauai 20–Cyrtandra oenobarba–g Cyrtandra oenobarba Cyrtandra oenobarba

Kauai 20–Cyrtandra paliku–e Cyrtandra paliku Cyrtandra paliku

Kauai 20–Dubautia plantaginea ssp. Dubautia plantaginea ssp. magnifolia Dubautia plantaginea ssp. magnifolia magnifolia–e

Kauai 20–Lysimachia iniki–e Lysimachia iniki Lysimachia iniki

Kauai 20–Lysimachia pendens–e Lysimachia pendens Lysimachia pendens

Kauai 20– Lysimachia venosa–e Lysimachia venosa

Kauai 20–Platydesma rostrata–m Platydesma rostrata Platydesma rostrata

Kauai 21–Chamaesyce remyi var. kauaiensis– Chamaesyce remyi var. kauaiensis Chamaesyce remyi var. kauaiensis h

Kauai 21–Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi–n Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi

Kauai 21–Charpentiera densiflora–e Charpentiera densiflora Charpentiera densiflora

Kauai 21–Cyanea eleeleensis–c Cyanea eleeleensis

Kauai 21–Cyanea kolekoleensis–c Cyanea kolekoleensis

Kauai 21–Cyanea kuhihewa–c Cyanea kuhihewa

Kauai 21–Cyrtandra oenobarba–h Cyrtandra oenobarba Cyrtandra oenobarba

Kauai 21–Dubautia imbricata ssp. imbricata–c Dubautia imbricata ssp. imbricata Dubautia imbricata ssp. imbricata

Kauai 21–Labordia helleri–i Labordia heller Labordia heller

Kauai 21–Melicope paniculata–c Melicope paniculata Melicope paniculata

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00142 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62733

(CDLVI) TABLE OF PROTECTED SPECIES WITHIN EACH CRITICAL HABITAT UNIT FOR KAUAI—Continued

Unit name Species occupied Species unoccupied

Kauai 21–Melicope puberula–f Melicope puberula Melicope puberula

Kauai 21–Phyllostegia renovans–f Phyllostegia renovans Phyllostegia renovans

Kauai 21–Platydesma rostrata–n Platydesma rostrata Platydesma rostrata

Kauai 21–Stenogyne kealiae–e Stenogyne kealiae Stenogyne kealiae

Kauai 21–Tetraplasandra bisattenuata–e Tetraplasandra bisattenuata Tetraplasandra bisattenuata

Kauai 22–Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi–o Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi

Kauai 22–Diellia mannii–b Diellia mannii Diellia mannii

Kauai 22–Labordia helleri–j Labordia helleri Labordia helleri

Kauai 22–Myrsine knudsenii–b Myrsine knudsenii Myrsine knudsenii

Kauai 22–Myrsine mezii–e Myrsine mezii Myrsine mezii

Kauai 22–Platydesma rostrata–o Platydesma rostrata Platydesma rostrata

Kauai 22–Psychotria grandiflora–e Psychotria grandiflora Psychotria grandiflora

Kauai 22–Stenogyne kealiae–f Stenogyne kealiae Stenogyne kealiae

Kauai 22–Tetraplasandra flynnii–e Tetraplasandra flynnii Tetraplasandra flynnii

Kauai 23–Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi–p Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi

Kauai 23–Diellia mannii–c Diellia mannii Diellia mannii

Kauai 23–Labordia helleri–k Labordia helleri Labordia helleri

Kauai 23–Myrsine knudsenii–c Myrsine knudsenii Myrsine knudsenii

Kauai 23–Myrsine mezii–f Myrsine mezii Myrsine mezii

Kauai 23–Platydesma rostrata–p Platydesma rostrata Platydesma rostrata

Kauai 23–Psychotria grandiflora–f Psychotria grandiflora Psychotria grandiflora

Kauai 23–Stenogyne kealiae–g Stenogyne kealiae Stenogyne kealiae

Kauai 23–Tetraplasandra flynnii–f Tetraplasandra flynnii Tetraplasandra flynnii

Kauai 24–Astelia waialealae–d Astelia waialealae Astelia waialealae

Kauai 24–Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi–q Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi

Kauai 24–Dryopteris crinalis var. podosorus–d Dryopteris crinalis var. podosorus Dryopteris crinalis var. podosorus

Kauai 24–Dubautia kalalauensis–d Dubautia kalalauensis Dubautia kalalauensis

Kauai 24–Dubautia waialealae–d Dubautia waialealae Dubautia waialealae

Kauai 24–Geranium kauaiense–d Geranium kauaiense Geranium kauaiense

Kauai 24–Keysseria erici–d Keysseria erici Keysseria erici

Kauai 24–Keysseria helenae–d Keysseria helenae Keysseria helenae

Kauai 24–Labordia helleri–l Labordia helleri Labordia helleri

Kauai 24–Labordia pumila–d Labordia pumila Labordia pumila

Kauai 24–Lysimachia daphnoides–d Lysimachia daphnoides Lysimachia daphnoides

Kauai 24–Melicope degeneri–d Melicope degeneri Melicope degeneri

Kauai 24–Melicope puberula–g Melicope puberula Melicope puberula

Kauai 24–Myrsine mezii–g Myrsine mezii Myrsine mezii

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00143 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 62734 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

(CDLVI) TABLE OF PROTECTED SPECIES WITHIN EACH CRITICAL HABITAT UNIT FOR KAUAI—Continued

Unit name Species occupied Species unoccupied

Kauai 24–Phyllostegia renovans–g Phyllostegia renovans Phyllostegia renovans

Kauai 24–Platydesma rostrata–q Platydesma rostrata Platydesma rostrata

Kauai 24–Psychotria grandiflora–g Psychotria grandiflora Psychotria grandiflora

Kauai 24–Tetraplasandra flynnii–g Tetraplasandra flynnii Tetraplasandra flynnii

Kauai 25–Astelia waialealae–e Astelia waialealae Astelia waialealae

Kauai 25–Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi–r Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi

Kauai 25–Dryopteris crinalis var. podosorus–e Dryopteris crinalis var. podosorus Dryopteris crinalis var. podosorus

Kauai 25–Dubautia kalalauensis–e Dubautia kalalauensis Dubautia kalalauensis

Kauai 25–Dubautia waialealae–e Dubautia waialealae Dubautia waialealae

Kauai 25–Geranium kauaiense–e Geranium kauaiense Geranium kauaiense

Kauai 25–Keysseria erici–e Keysseria erici Keysseria erici

Kauai 25–Keysseria helenae–e Keysseria helenae Keysseria helenae

Kauai 25–Labordia helleri–m Labordia helleri Labordia helleri

Kauai 25–Labordia pumila–e Labordia pumila Labordia pumila

Kauai 25–Lysimachia daphnoides–e Lysimachia daphnoides Lysimachia daphnoides

Kauai 25–Melicope degeneri–e Melicope degeneri Melicope degeneri

Kauai 25–Melicope puberula–h Melicope puberula Melicope puberula

Kauai 25–Myrsine mezii–h Myrsine mezii Myrsine mezii

Kauai 25–Phyllostegia renovans–h Phyllostegia renovans Phyllostegia renovans

Kauai 25–Platydesma rostrata–r Platydesma rostrata Platydesma rostrata

Kauai 25–Psychotria grandiflora–h Psychotria grandiflora Psychotria grandiflora

Kauai 25–Tetraplasandra flynnii–h Tetraplasandra flynnii Tetraplasandra flynnii

* * * * * (D) Canopy: Acacia, Diospyros, (F) Understory: Alyxia, Cyrtandra, (b) * * * Metrosideros, Myrsine, Pouteria, Dicranopteris, Diplazium, Machaerina, (1) * * * Santalum. Microlepia. FAMILY AMARANATHACEAE: (E) Subcanopy: Dodonaea, * * * * * Charpentiera densiflora (PAPALA) Freycinetia, Leptecophylla, Melanthera, FAMILY ARALIACEAE: Kauai 7–Charpentiera densiflora–a, Osteomeles, Pleomele, Psydrax. Tetraplasandra bisattenuata (NCN) Kauai 10–Charpentiera densiflora–b, (F) Understory: Carex, Dicranopteris, Kauai 7–Tetraplasandra Kauai 11–Charpentiera densiflora–c, Diplazium, Elaphoglossum, Peperomia. bisattenuata–a, Kauai 10– Kauai 11–Charpentiera densiflora–d, (ii) In units Kauai 10–Charpentiera Tetraplasandra bisattenuata–b, Kauai and Kauai 21–Charpentiera densiflora– densiflora–b, Kauai 11–Charpentiera 11–Tetraplasandra bisattenuata–c, e, identified in the legal descriptions in densiflora–d, and Kauai 21– Kauai 11–Tetraplasandra bisattenuata– paragraph (a)(1) of this section, Charpentiera densiflora–e, the primary d, and Kauai 21–Tetraplasandra constitute critical habitat for constituent elements of critical habitat bisattenuata–e, identified in the legal Charpentiera densiflora on Kauai. are: descriptions in paragraph (a)(1) of this (i) In units Kauai 7–Charpentiera section, constitute critical habitat for densiflora–a, and Kauai 11– (A) Elevation: Less than 3,000 ft (1,000 m). Tetraplasandra bisattenuata on Kauai. Charpentiera densiflora–c, the primary (i) In units Kauai 7–Tetraplasandra constituent elements of critical habitat (B) Annual precipitation: Greater than bisattenuata–a, and Kauai 11– are: 75 inches (190 centimeters). Tetraplasandra bisattenuata–c, the (A) Elevation: Less than 3,000 ft (C) Substrate: Clays, ashbeds, deep primary constituent elements of critical (1,000 m). well-drained soils, lowland bogs. habitat are: (B) Annual precipitation: 50 to 75 (D) Canopy: Antidesma, Metrosideros, (A) Elevation: Less than 3,000 ft inches (127 to 190 centimeters). Myrsine, Pisonia, Psychotria. (1,000 m). (C) Substrate: Shallow soils, little to (E) Subcanopy: Cibotium, Claoxylon, (B) Annual precipitation: 50 to 75 no herbaceous layer. Hedyotis, Melicope. inches (127 to 190 centimeters).

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00144 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62735

(C) Substrate: Shallow soils, little to (A) Elevation: 3,000 to 6,600 ft (1,000 Kauai 10–Dubautia kalalauensis–a, no herbaceous layer. to 2,000 m). Kauai 11–Dubautia kalalauensis–b, (D) Canopy: Acacia, Diospyros, (B) Annual precipitation: Greater than Kauai 18–Dubautia kalalauensis–c, Metrosideros, Myrsine, Pouteria, 75 inches (190 centimeters). Kauai 24–Dubautia kalalauensis–d, and Santalum. (C) Substrate: Well-developed soils, Kauai 25–Dubautia kalalauensis–e, (E) Subcanopy: Dodonaea, montane bogs. identified in the legal descriptions in Freycinetia, Leptecophylla, Melanthera, (D) Canopy: Acacia, Charpentiera, paragraph (a)(1) of this section, Osteomeles, Pleomele, Psydrax. Cheirodendron, Metrosideros. constitute critical habitat for Dubautia (F) Understory: Carex, Dicranopteris, (E) Subcanopy: Broussaisia, Cibotium, kalalauensis on Kauai. Within these Diplazium, Elaphoglossum, Peperomia. Eurya, Ilex, Myrsine. units, the primary constituent elements (ii) In units Kauai 10–Tetraplasandra (F) Understory: Ferns, Carex, of critical habitat are: bisattenuata–b, Kauai 11– Coprosma, Leptecophylla, Oreobolus, (i) Elevation: 3,000 to 6,600 ft (1,000 Tetraplasandra bisattenuata–d, and Rhynchospora, Vaccinium. to 2,000 m). Kauai 21–Tetraplasandra bisattenuata– (ii) Annual precipitation: Greater than e, the primary constituent elements of FAMILY ASTELIACEAE: Astelia 75 inches (190 centimeters). critical habitat are: waialealae (PAINIU) (iii) Substrate: Well-developed soils, (A) Elevation: Less than 3,000 ft Kauai 10–Astelia waialealae–a, Kauai montane bogs. (1,000 m). 11–Astelia waialealae–b, Kauai 18– (iv) Canopy: Acacia, Charpentiera, (B) Annual precipitation: Greater than Astelia waialealae–c, Kauai 24–Astelia Cheirodendron, Metrosideros. 75 inches (190 centimeters). waialealae–d, and Kauai 25–Astelia (v) Subcanopy: Broussaisia, Cibotium, (C) Substrate: Clays, ashbeds, deep waialealae–e, identified in the legal Eurya, Ilex, Myrsine. well-drained soils, lowland bogs. descriptions in paragraph (a)(1) of this (vi) Understory: Ferns, Carex, (D) Canopy: Antidesma, Metrosideros, section, constitute critical habitat for Coprosma, Leptecophylla, Oreobolus, Myrsine, Pisonia, Psychotria. Astelia waialealae on Kauai. Within Rhynchospora, Vaccinium. (E) Subcanopy: Cibotium, Claoxylon, these units, the primary constituent FAMILY ASTERACEAE: Dubautia Hedyotis, Melicope. elements of critical habitat are: kenwoodii (NAENAE) (F) Understory: Alyxia, Cyrtandra, (i) Elevation: 3,000 to 6,600 ft (1,000 Kauai 7–Dubautia kenwoodii–a and Dicranopteris, Diplazium, Machaerina, to 2,000 m). Kauai 11–Dubautia kenwoodii–b, FAMILY ARALIACEAE: (ii) Annual precipitation: Greater than identified in the legal descriptions in Tetraplasandra flynnii (NCN) 75 inches (190 centimeters). paragraph (a)(1) of this section, Kauai 10–Tetraplasandra flynnii–a, (iii) Substrate: Well-developed soils, constitute critical habitat for Dubautia Kauai 11–Tetraplasandra flynnii–b, montane bogs. kenwoodii on Kauai. Within these units, Kauai 11–Tetraplasandra flynnii–c, (iv) Canopy: Acacia, Charpentiera, the primary constituent elements of Kauai 18–Tetraplasandra flynnii–d, Cheirodendron, Metrosideros. critical habitat are: Kauai 22–Tetraplasandra flynnii–e, (v) Subcanopy: Broussaisia, Cibotium, (i) Elevation: Less than 3,000 ft (1,000 Kauai 23–Tetraplasandra flynnii–f, Eurya, Ilex, Myrsine. m). Kauai 24–Tetraplasandra flynnii–g, and (vi) Understory: Ferns, Carex, (ii) Annual precipitation: 50 to 75 Kauai 25–Tetraplasandra flynnii–h, Coprosma, Leptecophylla, Oreobolus, inches (127 to 190 centimeters). identified in the legal descriptions in Rhynchospora, Vaccinium. (iii) Substrate: Shallow soils, little to paragraph (a)(1) of this section, (vii) Hummocks in bogs. no herbaceous layer. constitute critical habitat for FAMILY ASTERACEAE: Dubautia (iv) Canopy: Acacia, Diospyros, Tetraplasandra flynnii on Kauai. imbricata ssp. imbricata (NAENAE) Metrosideros, Myrsine, Pouteria, (i) In units Kauai 11–Tetraplasandra Kauai 10–Dubautia imbricata ssp. Santalum. flynnii–c, Kauai 22–Tetraplasandra imbricata–a, Kauai 11–Dubautia (v) Subcanopy: Dodonaea, flynnii–e, and Kauai 23–Tetraplasandra imbricata ssp. imbricata–b, and Kauai Freycinetia, Leptecophylla, Melanthera, flynnii–f, the primary constituent 21–Dubautia imbricata ssp. imbricata– Osteomeles, Pleomele, Psydrax. (vi) Understory: Carex, Dicranopteris, elements of critical habitat are: c, identified in the legal descriptions in Diplazium, Elaphoglossum, Peperomia. (A) Elevation: 3,000 to 6,600 ft (1,000 paragraph (a)(1) of this section, to 2,000 m). constitute critical habitat for Dubautia * * * * * (B) Annual precipitation: 50 to 75 imbricata ssp. imbricata on Kauai. FAMILY ASTERACEAE: Dubautia inches (127 to 190 centimeters). Within these units, the primary plantaginea ssp. magnifolia (NAENAE) Kauai 4–Dubautia plantaginea ssp. (C) Substrate: Weathered aa lava constituent elements of critical habitat magnifolia–a, Kauai 10–Dubautia flows, rocky mucks, thin silty loams, are: plantaginea ssp. magnifolia–b, Kauai deep volcanic ash soils. (i) Elevation: Less than 3,000 ft (1,000 11–Dubautia plantaginea ssp. (D) Canopy: Acacia, Metrosideros, m). magnifolia–c, Kauai 19–Dubautia Psychotria, Tetraplasandra, (ii) Annual precipitation: Greater than plantaginea ssp. magnifolia–d, and Zanthoxylum. 75 inches (190 centimeters). (E) Subcanopy: Cheirodendron, Kauai 20–Dubautia plantaginea ssp. (iii) Substrate: Clays, ashbeds, deep Coprosma, Hedyotis, Ilex, Myoporum, magnifolia–e, identified in the legal well-drained soils, lowland bogs. Myrsine. descriptions in paragraph (a)(1) of this (iv) Canopy: Antidesma, Metrosideros, (F) Understory: Bidens, Dryopteris, section, constitute critical habitat for Myrsine, Pisonia, Psychotria. Leptecophylla, Poa, Scaevola, Sophora. Dubautia plantaginea ssp. magnifolia (v) Subcanopy: Cibotium, Claoxylon, (ii) In units Kauai 10–Tetraplasandra on Kauai. Within these units, the Hedyotis, Melicope. flynnii–a, Kauai 11–Tetraplasandra primary constituent elements of critical (vi) Understory: Alyxia, Cyrtandra, flynnii–b, Kauai 18–Tetraplasandra habitat are: Dicranopteris, Diplazium, Machaerina, flynnii–d, Kauai 24–Tetraplasandra (i) Annual precipitation: Greater than Microlepia. flynnii–g, and Kauai 25–Tetraplasandra 75 inches (190 centimeters). flynnii–h, the primary constituent FAMILY ASTERACEAE: Dubautia (ii) Substrate: Greater than 65 degree elements of critical habitat are: kalalauensis (NAENAE) slope, shallow soils, weathered lava.

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00145 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 62736 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

(iii) Subcanopy: Broussaisia, this section, constitute critical habitat Kauai 21–Cyanea kolekoleensis–c, Cheirodendron, Leptecophylla, for Keysseria helenae on Kauai. Within identified in the legal descriptions in Metrosideros. these units, the primary constituent paragraph (a)(1) of this section, (iv) Understory: Ferns, Bryophytes, elements of critical habitat are: constitute critical habitat for Cyanea Coprosoma, Dubautia, Hedyotis, (i) Elevation: 3,000 to 6,600 ft (1,000 kolekoleensis on Kauai. Within these Peperomia. to 2,000 m). units, the primary constituent elements * * * * * (ii) Annual precipitation: Greater than of critical habitat are: FAMILY ASTERACEAE: Dubautia 75 inches (190 centimeters). (i) Elevation: Less than 3,000 ft (1,000 waialealae (NAENAE) (iii) Substrate: Well-developed soils, m). Kauai 10–Dubautia waialealae–a, montane bogs. (ii) Annual precipitation: Greater than Kauai 11–Dubautia waialealae–b, Kauai (iv) Canopy: Acacia, Charpentiera, 75 inches (190 centimeters). 18–Dubautia waialealae–c, Kauai 24– Cheirodendron, Metrosideros. (iii) Substrate: Clays, ashbeds, deep (v) Subcanopy: Broussaisia, Cibotium, Dubautia waialealae–d, and Kauai 25– well-drained soils, lowland bogs. Eurya, Ilex, Myrsine. Dubautia waialealae–e, identified in the (iv) Canopy: Antidesma, Metrosideros, (vi) Understory: Ferns, Carex, Myrsine, Pisonia, Psychotria. legal descriptions in paragraph (a)(1) of Coprosma, Leptecophylla, Oreobolus, this section, constitute critical habitat (v) Subcanopy: Cibotium, Claoxylon, Rhynchospora, Vaccinium. Hedyotis, Melicope. for Dubautia waialealae on Kauai. (vii) Bogs. Within these units, the primary (vi) Understory: Alyxia, Cyrtandra, * * * * * constituent elements of critical habitat Dicranopteris, Diplazium, Machaerina, FAMILY CAMPANULACEAE: Cyanea Microlepia. are: dolichopoda (HAHA) (i) Elevation: 3,000 to 6,600 ft (1,000 Kauai 4–Cyanea dolichopoda–a, FAMILY CAMPANULACEAE: Cyanea to 2,000 m). Kauai 10–Cyanea dolichopoda–b, Kauai kuhihewa (HAHA) (ii) Annual precipitation: Greater than 11–Cyanea dolichopoda–c, Kauai 19– Kauai 10–Cyanea kuhihewa–a, Kauai 75 inches (190 centimeters). Cyanea dolichopoda–d, and Kauai 20– 11–Cyanea kuhihewa–b, and Kauai 21– (iii) Substrate: Well-developed soils, Cyanea dolichopoda–e, identified in the Cyanea kuhihewa–c, identified in the montane bogs. legal descriptions in paragraph (a)(1) of legal descriptions in paragraph (a)(1) of (iv) Canopy: Acacia, Charpentiera, this section, constitute critical habitat this section, constitute critical habitat Cheirodendron, Metrosideros. for Cyanea dolichopoda on Kauai. for Cyanea kuhihewa on Kauai. Within (v) Subcanopy: Broussaisia, Cibotium, Within these units, the primary these units, the primary constituent Eurya, Ilex, Myrsine. constituent elements of critical habitat elements of critical habitat are: (vi) Understory: Ferns, Carex, are: (i) Elevation: Less than 3,000 ft (1,000 Coprosma, Leptecophylla, Oreobolus, (i) Annual precipitation: Greater than m). Rhynchospora, Vaccinium. 75 inches (190 centimeters). (ii) Annual precipitation: Greater than (vii) Bogs. (ii) Substrate: Greater than 65 degree 75 inches (190 centimeters). * * * * * slope, shallow soils, weathered lava. (iii) Substrate: Clays, ashbeds, deep FAMILY ASTERACEAE: Keysseria (iii) Subcanopy: Broussaisia, well-drained soils, lowland bogs. erici (NCN) Cheirodendron, Leptecophylla, (iv) Canopy: Antidesma, Metrosideros, Kauai 10–Keysseria erici–a, Kauai 11– Metrosideros. Myrsine, Pisonia, Psychotria. Keysseria erici–b, Kauai 18–Keysseria (iv) Understory: Ferns, Bryophytes, (v) Subcanopy: Cibotium, Claoxylon, erici–c, Kauai 24–Keysseria erici–d, and Coprosoma, Dubautia, Hedyotis, Hedyotis, Melicope. Kauai 25–Keysseria erici–e, identified in Peperomia. (vi) Understory: Alyxia, Cyrtandra, Dicranopteris, Diplazium, Machaerina, the legal descriptions in paragraph (a)(1) FAMILY CAMPANULACEAE: Cyanea Microlepia. of this section, constitute critical habitat eleeleensis (HAHA) for Keysseria erici on Kauai. Within Kauai 10–Cyanea eleeleensis–a, Kauai * * * * * these units, the primary constituent 11–Cyanea eleeleensis–b, and Kauai 21– FAMILY CARYOPHYLLACEAE: elements of critical habitat are: Cyanea eleeleensis–c, identified in the Schiedea attenuata (NCN) (i) Elevation: 3,000 to 6,600 ft (1,000 legal descriptions in paragraph (a)(1) of Kauai 11–Schiedea attenuata–a, to 2,000 m). this section, constitute critical habitat identified in the legal description in (ii) Annual precipitation: Greater than for Cyanea eleeleensis on Kauai. Within paragraph (a)(1) of this section, 75 inches (190 centimeters). these units, the primary constituent constitutes critical habitat for Schiedea (iii) Substrate: Well-developed soils, elements of critical habitat are: attenuata on Kauai. Within this unit, montane bogs. (i) Elevation: Less than 3,000 ft (1,000 the primary constituent elements of (iv) Canopy: Acacia, Charpentiera, m). critical habitat are: Cheirodendron, Metrosideros. (ii) Annual precipitation: Greater than (i) Annual precipitation: Less than 75 (v) Subcanopy: Broussaisia, Cibotium, 75 inches (190 centimeters). inches (190 centimeters). Eurya, Ilex, Myrsine. (iii) Substrate: Clays, ashbeds, deep (ii) Substrate: Greater than 65 degree (vi) Understory: Ferns, Carex, well-drained soils, lowland bogs. slope, rocky talus. Coprosma, Leptecophylla, Oreobolus, (iv) Canopy: Antidesma, Metrosideros, (iii) Subcanopy: Antidesma, Rhynchospora, Vaccinium. Myrsine, Pisonia, Psychotria. Chamaesyce, Diospyros, Dodonaea. (vii) Bogs. (v) Subcanopy: Cibotium, Claoxylon, (iv) Understory: Bidens, Eragrostis, FAMILY ASTERACEAE: Keysseria Hedyotis, Melicope. Melanthera, Schiedea. helenae (NCN) (vi) Understory: Alyxia, Cyrtandra, * * * * * Kauai 10–Keysseria helenae–a, Kauai Dicranopteris, Diplazium, Machaerina, FAMILY EUPHORBIACEAE: 11–Keysseria helenae–b, Kauai 18– Microlepia. Chamaesyce eleanoriae (AKOKO) Keysseria helenae–c, Kauai 24– FAMILY CAMPANULACEAE: Cyanea Kauai 7–Chamaesyce eleanoriae–a, Keysseria helenae–d, and Kauai 25– kolekoleensis (HAHA) Kauai 11–Chamaesyce eleanoriae–b, Keysseria helenae–e, identified in the Kauai 10–Cyanea kolekoleensis–a, and Kauai 11–Chamaesyce eleanoriae– legal descriptions in paragraph (a)(1) of Kauai 11–Cyanea kolekoleensis–b, and c, identified in the legal descriptions in

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00146 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62737

paragraph (a)(1) of this section, (F) Understory: Alyxia, Cyrtandra, (ii) In units Kauai 10–Chamaesyce constitute critical habitat for Dicranopteris, Diplazium, Machaerina, remyi var. remyi–d, Kauai 11– Chamaesyce eleanoriae on Kauai. Microlepia. Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi–h, and (i) In units Kauai 7–Chamaesyce (ii) In units Kauai 4–Chamaesyce Kauai 21–Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi– eleanoriae–a and Kauai 11–Chamaesyce remyi var. kauaiensis–a, Kauai 10– n, the primary constituent elements of eleanoriae–b, the primary constituent Chamaesyce remyi var. kauaiensis–c, critical habitat are: elements of critical habitat are: Kauai 11–Chamaesyce remyi var. (A) Elevation: Less than 3,000 ft (A) Elevation: Less than 3,000 ft kauaiensis–e, Kauai 19–Chamaesyce (1,000 m). (1,000 m). remyi var. kauaiensis–f, and Kauai 20– (B) Annual precipitation: Greater than (B) Annual precipitation: 50 to 75 Chamaesyce remyi var. kauaiensis–g, 75 inches (190 centimeters). inches (127 to 190 centimeters). the primary constituent elements of (C) Substrate: Clays, ashbeds, deep (C) Substrate: Shallow soils, little to critical habitat are: well-drained soils, lowland bogs. no herbaceous layer. (A) Annual precipitation: Greater than (D) Canopy: Antidesma, Metrosideros, (D) Canopy: Acacia, Diospyros, 75 inches (190 centimeters). Myrsine, Pisonia, Psychotria. Metrosideros, Myrsine, Pouteria, (B) Substrate: Greater than 65 degree (E) Subcanopy: Cibotium, Claoxylon, Santalum. slope, shallow soils, weathered lava. Hedyotis, Melicope. (E) Subcanopy: Dodonaea, (C) Subcanopy: Broussaisia, (F) Understory: Alyxia, Cyrtandra, Freycinetia, Leptecophylla, Melanthera, Cheirodendron, Leptecophylla, Dicranopteris, Diplazium, Machaerina, Osteomeles, Pleomele, Psydrax. Metrosideros. Microlepia. (F) Understory: Carex, Dicranopteris, (D) Understory: Ferns, Bryophytes, (iii) In units Kauai 11–Chamaesyce Diplazium, Elaphoglossum, Peperomia. Coprosoma, Dubautia, Hedyotis, remyi var. remyi–j, Kauai 22– (ii) In unit Kauai 11–Chamaesyce Peperomia. Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi–o, and eleanoriae–c, the primary constituent FAMILY EUPHORBIACEAE: Kauai 23–Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi– elements of critical habitat are: Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi (AKOKO) p, the primary constituent elements of (A) Annual precipitation: Less than 75 Kauai 4–Chamaesyce remyi var. critical habitat are: (A) Elevation: 3,000 to 6,600 ft (1,000 inches (190 centimeters). remyi–a, Kauai 7–Chamaesyce remyi to 2,000 m). (B) Substrate: Greater than 65 degree var. remyi–b, Kauai 10–Chamaesyce (B) Annual precipitation: 50 to 75 slope, rocky talus. remyi var. remyi–c, Kauai 10– inches (127 to 190 centimeters). (C) Subcanopy: Antidesma, Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi–d, Kauai (C) Substrate: Weathered aa lava Chamaesyce, Diospyros, Dodonaea. 10–Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi–e, flows, rocky mucks, thin silty loams, (D) Understory: Bidens, Eragrostis, Kauai 11–Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi– Melanthera, Schiedea. deep volcanic ash soils. f, Kauai 11–Chamaesyce remyi var. (D) Canopy: Acacia, Metrosideros, * * * * * remyi–g, Kauai 11–Chamaesyce remyi Psychotria, Tetraplasandra, FAMILY EUPHORBIACEAE: var. remyi–h, Kauai 11–Chamaesyce Zanthoxylum. Chamaesyce remyi var. kauaiensis remyi var. remyi–i, Kauai 11– (E) Subcanopy: Cheirodendron, (AKOKO) Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi–j, Kauai Coprosma, Hedyotis, Ilex, Myoporum, Kauai 4–Chamaesyce remyi var. 18–Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi–k, Myrsine. kauaiensis–a, Kauai 10–Chamaesyce Kauai 19–Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi– (F) Understory: Bidens, Dryopteris, remyi var. kauaiensis–b, Kauai 10– l, Kauai 20–Chamaesyce remyi var. Leptecophylla, Poa, Scaevola, Sophora. Chamaesyce remyi var. kauaiensis–c, remyi–m, Kauai 21–Chamaesyce remyi (iv) In units Kauai 10–Chamaesyce Kauai 11–Chamaesyce remyi var. var. remyi–n, Kauai 22–Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi–c, Kauai 11– kauaiensis–d, Kauai 11–Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi–o, Kauai 23– Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi–f, Kauai remyi var. kauaiensis–e, Kauai 19– Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi–p, Kauai 18–Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi–k, Chamaesyce remyi var. kauaiensis–f, 24–Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi–q, and Kauai 24–Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi– Kauai 20–Chamaesyce remyi var. Kauai 25–Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi– q, and Kauai 25–Chamaesyce remyi var. kauaiensis–g, and Kauai 21– r, identified in the legal descriptions in remyi–r, the primary constituent Chamaesyce remyi var. kauaiensis–h, paragraph (a)(1) of this section, elements of critical habitat are: identified in the legal descriptions in constitute critical habitat for (A) Elevation: 3,000 to 6,600 ft (1,000 paragraph (a)(1) of this section, Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi on Kauai. to 2,000 m). constitute critical habitat for (i) In units Kauai 7–Chamaesyce (B) Annual precipitation: Greater than Chamaesyce remyi var. kauaiensis on remyi var. remyi–b and Kauai 11– 75 inches (190 centimeters). Kauai. Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi–g, the (C) Substrate: Well-developed soils, (i) In units Kauai 10–Chamaesyce primary constituent elements of critical montane bogs. remyi var. kauaiensis–b, Kauai 11– habitat are: (D) Canopy: Acacia, Charpentiera, Chamaesyce remyi var. kauaiensis–d, (A) Elevation: Less than 3,000 ft Cheirodendron, Metrosideros. and Kauai 21–Chamaesyce remyi var. (1,000 m). (E) Subcanopy: Broussaisia, Cibotium, kauaiensis–h, the primary constituent (B) Annual precipitation: 50 to 75 Eurya, Ilex, Myrsine. elements of critical habitat are: inches (127 to 190 centimeters). (F) Understory: Ferns, Carex, (A) Elevation: Less than 3,000 ft (C) Substrate: Shallow soils, little to Coprosma, Leptecophylla, Oreobolus, (1,000 m). no herbaceous layer. Rhynchospora, Vaccinium. (B) Annual precipitation: Greater than (D) Canopy: Acacia, Diospyros, (v) In units Kauai 4–Chamaesyce 75 inches (190 centimeters). Metrosideros, Myrsine, Pouteria, remyi var. remyi–a, Kauai 10– (C) Substrate: Clays, ashbeds, deep Santalum. Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi–e, Kauai well-drained soils, lowland bogs. (E) Subcanopy: Dodonaea, 11–Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi–i, (D) Canopy: Antidesma, Metrosideros, Freycinetia, Leptecophylla, Melanthera, Kauai 19–Chamaesyce remyi var. remyi– Myrsine, Pisonia, Psychotria. Osteomeles, Pleomele, Psydrax. l, and Kauai 20–Chamaesyce remyi var. (E) Subcanopy: Cibotium, Claoxylon, (F) Understory: Carex, Dicranopteris, remyi–m, the primary constituent Hedyotis, Melicope. Diplazium, Elaphoglossum, Peperomia. elements of critical habitat are:

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00147 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 62738 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

(A) Annual precipitation: Greater than Kauai 10–Cyrtandra oenobarba–c, Kauai Kauai 10–Phyllostegia renovans–a, 75 inches (190 centimeters). 11–Cyrtandra oenobarba–d, Kauai 11– Kauai 10–Phyllostegia renovans–b, (B) Substrate: Greater than 65 degree Cyrtandra oenobarba–e, Kauai 19– Kauai 11–Phyllostegia renovans–c, slope, shallow soils, weathered lava. Cyrtandra oenobarba–f, Kauai 20– Kauai 11–Phyllostegia renovans–d, (C) Subcanopy: Broussaisia, Cyrtandra oenobarba–g, and Kauai 21– Kauai 18–Phyllostegia renovans–e, Cheirodendron, Leptecophylla, Cyrtandra oenobarba–h, identified in Kauai 21–Phyllostegia renovans–f, Metrosideros. the legal descriptions in paragraph (a)(1) Kauai 24–Phyllostegia renovans–g, and (D) Understory: Ferns, Bryophytes, of this section, constitute critical habitat Kauai 25–Phyllostegia renovans–h, Coprosoma, Dubautia, Hedyotis, for Cyrtandra oenobarba on Kauai. identified in the legal descriptions in Peperomia. (i) In units Kauai 10–Cyrtandra paragraph (a)(1) of this section, * * * * * oenobarba–b, Kauai 11–Cyrtandra constitute critical habitat for FAMILY FABACEAE: Canavalia oenobarba–d, and Kauai 21–Cyrtandra Phyllostegia renovans on Kauai. napaliensis (AWIKIWIKI) oenobarba–h, the primary constituent (i) In units Kauai 10–Phyllostegia Kauai 7–Canavalia napaliensis–a and elements of critical habitat are: renovans–b, Kauai 11–Phyllostegia Kauai 11–Canavalia napaliensis–b, (A) Elevation: Less than 3,000 ft renovans–d, and Kauai 21–Phyllostegia identified in the legal descriptions in (1,000 m). renovans–f, the primary constituent paragraph (a)(1) of this section, (B) Annual precipitation: Greater than elements of critical habitat are: constitute critical habitat for Canavalia 75 inches (190 centimeters). (A) Elevation: Less than 3,000 ft napaliensis on Kauai. Within these (C) Substrate: Clays, ashbeds, deep (1,000 m). units, the primary constituent elements well-drained soils, lowland bogs. (B) Annual precipitation: Greater than of critical habitat are: (D) Canopy: Antidesma, Metrosideros, 75 inches (190 centimeters). (i) Elevation: Less than 3,000 ft (1,000 Myrsine, Pisonia, Psychotria. (C) Substrate: Clays, ashbeds, deep m). (E) Subcanopy: Cibotium, Claoxylon, well-drained soils, lowland bogs. (ii) Annual precipitation: 50 to 75 Hedyotis, Melicope. (D) Canopy: Antidesma, Metrosideros, (F) Understory: Alyxia, Cyrtandra, inches (127 to 190 centimeters). Myrsine, Pisonia, Psychotria. (iii) Substrate: Shallow soils, little to Dicranopteris, Diplazium, Machaerina, (E) Subcanopy: Cibotium, Claoxylon, no herbaceous layer. Microlepia. Hedyotis, Melicope. (ii) In units Kauai 4–Cyrtandra (iv) Canopy: Acacia, Diospyros, (F) Understory: Alyxia, Cyrtandra, oenobarba–a, Kauai 10–Cyrtandra Metrosideros, Myrsine, Pouteria, Dicranopteris, Diplazium, Machaerina, oenobarba–c, Kauai 11–Cyrtandra Santalum. Microlepia. oenobarba–e, Kauai 19–Cyrtandra (v) Subcanopy: Dodonaea, (ii) In units Kauai 10–Phyllostegia oenobarba–f, and Kauai 20–Cyrtandra Freycinetia, Leptecophylla, Melanthera, renovans–a, Kauai 11–Phyllostegia oenobarba–g, the primary constituent Osteomeles, Pleomele, Psydrax. renovans–c, Kauai 18–Phyllostegia (vi) Understory: Carex, Dicranopteris, elements of critical habitat are: renovans–e, Kauai 24–Phyllostegia (A) Annual precipitation: Greater than Diplazium, Elaphoglossum, Peperomia. renovans–g, and Kauai 25–Phyllostegia 75 inches (190 centimeters). renovans–h, the primary constituent * * * * * (B) Substrate: Greater than 65 degree elements of critical habitat are: FAMILY GERANIACEAE: Geranium slope, shallow soils, weathered lava. kauaiense (NOHOANU) (C) Subcanopy: Broussaisia, (A) Elevation: 3,000 to 6,600 ft (1,000 Kauai 10–Geranium kauaiense–a, Cheirodendron, Leptecophylla, to 2,000 m). Kauai 11–Geranium kauaiense–b, Kauai Metrosideros. (B) Annual precipitation: Greater than 18–Geranium kauaiense–c, Kauai 24– (D) Understory: Ferns, Bryophytes, 75 inches (190 centimeters). Geranium kauaiense–d, and Kauai 25– Coprosoma, Dubautia, Hedyotis, (C) Substrate: Well-developed soils, Geranium kauaiense–e, identified in the Peperomia. montane bogs. legal descriptions in paragraph (a)(1) of FAMILY GESNERIACEAE: Cyrtandra (D) Canopy: Acacia, Charpentiera, this section, constitute critical habitat paliku (HAIWALE) Cheirodendron, Metrosideros. for Geranium kauaiense on Kauai. Kauai 4–Cyrtandra paliku–a, Kauai (E) Subcanopy: Broussaisia, Cibotium, Within these units, the primary 10–Cyrtandra paliku–b, Kauai 11– Eurya, Ilex, Myrsine. constituent elements of critical habitat Cyrtandra paliku–c, Kauai 19– (F) Understory: Ferns, Carex, are: Cyrtandra paliku–d, and Kauai 20– Coprosma, Leptecophylla, Oreobolus, (i) Elevation: 3,000 to 6,600 ft (1,000 Cyrtandra paliku–e, identified in the Rhynchospora, Vaccinium. to 2,000 m). legal descriptions in paragraph (a)(1) of * * * * * (ii) Annual precipitation: Greater than this section, constitute critical habitat FAMILY LAMIACEAE: Stenogyne 75 inches (190 centimeters). for Cyrtandra paliku on Kauai. Within kealiae (NCN) (iii) Substrate: Well-developed soils, these units, the primary constituent Kauai 10–Stenogyne kealiae–a, Kauai montane bogs. elements of critical habitat are: 11–Stenogyne kealiae–b, Kauai 11– (iv) Canopy: Acacia, Charpentiera, (i) Annual precipitation: Greater than Stenogyne kealiae–c, Kauai 11– Cheirodendron, Metrosideros. 75 inches (190 centimeters). Stenogyne kealiae–d, Kauai 21– (v) Subcanopy: Broussaisia, Cibotium, (ii) Substrate: Greater than 65 degree Stenogyne kealiae–e, Kauai 22– Eurya, Ilex, Myrsine. slope, shallow soils, weathered lava. Stenogyne kealiae–f, and Kauai 23– (vi) Understory: Ferns, Carex, (iii) Subcanopy: Broussaisia, Stenogyne kealiae–g, identified in the Coprosma, Leptecophylla, Oreobolus, Cheirodendron, Leptecophylla, legal descriptions in paragraph (a)(1) of Rhynchospora, Vaccinium. Metrosideros. this section, constitute critical habitat (vii) Bogs. (iv) Understory: Ferns, Bryophytes, for Stenogyne kealiae on Kauai. * * * * * Coprosoma, Dubautia, Hedyotis, (i) In units Kauai 10–Stenogyne FAMILY GESNERIACEAE: Cyrtandra Peperomia. kealiae–a, Kauai 11–Stenogyne kealiae– oenobarba (HAIWALE) * * * * * c, and Kauai 21–Stenogyne kealiae–e, Kauai 4–Cyrtandra oenobarba–a, FAMILY LAMIACEAE: Phyllostegia the primary constituent elements of Kauai 10–Cyrtandra oenobarba–b, renovans (NCN) critical habitat are:

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00148 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62739

(A) Elevation: Less than 3,000 ft (C) Substrate: Shallow soils, little to FAMILY LOGANIACEAE: Labordia (1,000 m). no herbaceous layer. pumila (KAMAKAHALA) (B) Annual precipitation: Greater than (D) Canopy: Acacia, Diospyros, Kauai 10–Labordia pumila–a, Kauai 75 inches (190 centimeters). Metrosideros, Myrsine, Pouteria, 11–Labordia pumila–b, Kauai 18– (C) Substrate: Clays, ashbeds, deep Santalum. Labordia pumila–c, Kauai 24–Labordia well-drained soils, lowland bogs. (E) Subcanopy: Dodonaea, pumila–d, and Kauai 25–Labordia (D) Canopy: Antidesma, Metrosideros, Freycinetia, Leptecophylla, Melanthera, pumila–e, identified in the legal Myrsine, Pisonia, Psychotria. Osteomeles, Pleomele, Psydrax. descriptions in paragraph (a)(1) of this (E) Subcanopy: Cibotium, Claoxylon, (F) Understory: Carex, Dicranopteris, section, constitute critical habitat for Hedyotis, Melicope. Diplazium, Elaphoglossum, Peperomia. Labordia pumila on Kauai. Within these (F) Understory: Alyxia, Cyrtandra, (ii) In units Kauai 10–Labordia units, the primary constituent elements Dicranopteris, Diplazium, Machaerina, helleri–c, Kauai 11–Labordia helleri–f, of critical habitat are: Microlepia. and Kauai 21–Labordia helleri–i, the (i) Elevation: 3,000 to 6,600 ft (1,000 (ii) In units Kauai 11–Stenogyne primary constituent elements of critical to 2,000 m). kealiae–d, Kauai 22–Stenogyne kealiae– habitat are: (ii) Annual precipitation: Greater than f, and Kauai 23–Stenogyne kealiae–g, (A) Elevation: Less than 3,000 ft 75 inches (190 centimeters). the primary constituent elements of (1,000 m). (iii) Substrate: Well-developed soils, critical habitat are: (B) Annual precipitation: Greater than montane bogs. (A) Elevation: 3,000 to 6,600 ft (1,000 75 inches (190 centimeters). (iv) Canopy: Acacia, Charpentiera, to 2,000 m). (C) Substrate: Clays, ashbeds, deep Cheirodendron, Metrosideros. (B) Annual precipitation: 50 to 75 well-drained soils, lowland bogs. (v) Subcanopy: Broussaisia, Cibotium, inches (127 to 190 centimeters). (D) Canopy: Antidesma, Metrosideros, Eurya, Ilex, Myrsine. (C) Substrate: Weathered aa lava Myrsine, Pisonia, Psychotria. (vi) Understory: Ferns, Carex, flows, rocky mucks, thin silty loams, (E) Subcanopy: Cibotium, Claoxylon, Coprosma, Leptecophylla, Oreobolus, deep volcanic ash soils. Hedyotis, Melicope. Rhynchospora, Vaccinium. (D) Canopy: Acacia, Metrosideros, (F) Understory: Alyxia, Cyrtandra, (vii) Bogs. Dicranopteris, Diplazium, Machaerina, Psychotria, Tetraplasandra, * * * * * Microlepia. Zanthoxylum. FAMILY MYRSINACEAE: Lysimachia (iii) In units Kauai 11–Labordia (E) Subcanopy: Cheirodendron, daphnoides (LEHUA MAKANOE) helleri–g, Kauai 22–Labordia helleri–j, Coprosma, Hedyotis, Ilex, Myoporum, Kauai 10–Lysimachia daphnoides–a, and Kauai 23–Labordia helleri–k, the Myrsine. Kauai 11–Lysimachia daphnoides–b, primary constituent elements of critical (F) Understory: Bidens, Dryopteris, Kauai 18–Lysimachia daphnoides–c, habitat are: Leptecophylla, Poa, Scaevola, Sophora. Kauai 24–Lysimachia daphnoides–d, (A) Elevation: 3,000 to 6,600 ft (1,000 (iii) In unit Kauai 11–Stenogyne and Kauai 25–Lysimachia daphnoides– kealiae–b, the primary constituent to 2,000 m). (B) Annual precipitation: 50 to 75 e, identified in the legal descriptions in elements of critical habitat are: paragraph (a)(1) of this section, (A) Annual precipitation: Less than 75 inches (127 to 190 centimeters). (C) Substrate: Weathered aa lava constitute critical habitat for Lysimachia inches (190 centimeters). flows, rocky mucks, thin silty loams, daphnoides on Kauai. Within these (B) Substrate: Greater than 65 degree deep volcanic ash soils. units, the primary constituent elements slope, rocky talus. (D) Canopy: Acacia, Metrosideros, of critical habitat are: (C) Subcanopy: Antidesma, Psychotria, Tetraplasandra, (i) Elevation: 3,000 to 6,600 ft (1,000 Chamaesyce, Diospyros, Dodonaea. Zanthoxylum. to 2,000 m). (D) Understory: Bidens, Eragrostis, (E) Subcanopy: Cheirodendron, (ii) Annual precipitation: Greater than Melanthera, Schiedea. Coprosma, Hedyotis, Ilex, Myoporum, 75 inches (190 centimeters). FAMILY LOGANIACEAE: Labordia Myrsine. (iii) Substrate: Well-developed soils, helleri (KAMAKAHALA) (F) Understory: Bidens, Dryopteris, montane bogs. Kauai 7–Labordia helleri–a, Kauai 10– Leptecophylla, Poa, Scaevola, Sophora. (iv) Canopy: Acacia, Charpentiera, Labordia helleri–b, Kauai 10–Labordia (iv) In units Kauai 10–Labordia Cheirodendron, Metrosideros. helleri–c, Kauai 11–Labordia helleri–d, helleri–b, Kauai 11–Labordia helleri–d, (v) Subcanopy: Broussaisia, Cibotium, Kauai 11–Labordia helleri–e, Kauai 11– Kauai 18–Labordia helleri–h, Kauai 24– Eurya, Ilex, Myrsine. Labordia helleri–f, Kauai 11–Labordia Labordia helleri–l, and Kauai 25– (vi) Understory: Ferns, Carex, helleri–g, Kauai 18–Labordia helleri–h, Labordia helleri–m, the primary Coprosma, Leptecophylla, Oreobolus, Kauai 21–Labordia helleri–i, Kauai 22– constituent elements of critical habitat Rhynchospora, Vaccinium. Labordia helleri–j, Kauai 23–Labordia are: (vii) Bogs. helleri–k, Kauai 24–Labordia helleri–l, (A) Elevation: 3,000 to 6,600 ft (1,000 FAMILY MYRSINACEAE: Lysimachia and Kauai 25–Labordia helleri–m, to 2,000 m). iniki (NCN) identified in the legal descriptions in (B) Annual precipitation: Greater than Kauai 4–Lysimachia iniki–a, Kauai paragraph (a)(1) of this section, 75 inches (190 centimeters). 10–Lysimachia iniki–b, Kauai 11– constitute critical habitat for Labordia (C) Substrate: Well-developed soils, Lysimachia iniki–c, Kauai 19– helleri on Kauai. montane bogs. Lysimachia iniki–d, and Kauai 20– (i) In units Kauai 7–Labordia helleri– (D) Canopy: Acacia, Charpentiera, Lysimachia iniki–e, identified in the a and Kauai 11–Labordia helleri–e, the Cheirodendron, Metrosideros. legal descriptions in paragraph (a)(1) of primary constituent elements of critical (E) Subcanopy: Broussaisia, Cibotium, this section, constitute critical habitat habitat are: Eurya, Ilex, Myrsine. for Lysimachia iniki on Kauai. Within (A) Elevation: Less than 3,000 ft (F) Understory: Ferns, Carex, these units, the primary constituent (1,000 m). Coprosma, Leptecophylla, Oreobolus, elements of critical habitat are: (B) Annual precipitation: 50 to 75 Rhynchospora, Vaccinium. (i) Annual precipitation: Greater than inches (127 to 190 centimeters). * * * * * 75 inches (190 centimeters).

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00149 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 62740 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

(ii) Substrate: Greater than 65 degree (iv) Understory: Ferns, Bryophytes, (B) Annual precipitation: Greater than slope, shallow soils, weathered lava. Coprosoma, Dubautia, Hedyotis, 75 inches (190 centimeters). (iii) Subcanopy: Broussaisia, Peperomia. (C) Substrate: Well-developed soils, Cheirodendron, Leptecophylla, FAMILY MYRSINACEAE: Myrsine montane bogs. Metrosideros. knudsenii (KOLEA) (D) Canopy: Acacia, Charpentiera, (iv) Understory: Ferns, Bryophytes, Kauai 11–Myrsine knudsenii–a, Kauai Cheirodendron, Metrosideros. Coprosoma, Dubautia, Hedyotis, 22–Myrsine knudsenii–b, and Kauai 23– (E) Subcanopy: Broussaisia, Cibotium, Peperomia. Myrsine knudsenii–c, identified in the Eurya, Ilex, Myrsine. FAMILY MYRSINACEAE: Lysimachia legal descriptions in paragraph (a)(1) of (F) Understory: Ferns, Carex, pendens (NCN) this section, constitute critical habitat Coprosma, Leptecophylla, Oreobolus, Kauai 4–Lysimachia pendens–a, for Myrsine knudsenii on Kauai. Within Rhynchospora, Vaccinium. Kauai 10–Lysimachia pendens–b, Kauai these units, the primary constituent * * * * * 11–Lysimachia pendens–c, Kauai 19– elements of critical habitat are: FAMILY PITTOSPORACEAE: Lysimachia pendens–d, and Kauai 20– (i) Elevation: 3,000 to 6,600 ft (1,000 Pittosporum napaliense (HOAWA) Lysimachia pendens–e, identified in the to 2,000 m). Kauai 7–Pittosporum napaliense–a legal descriptions in paragraph (a)(1) of (ii) Annual precipitation: 50 to 75 and Kauai 11–Pittosporum napaliense– this section, constitute critical habitat inches (127 to 190 centimeters). b, identified in the legal descriptions in (iii) Substrate: Weathered aa lava for Lysimachia pendens on Kauai. paragraph (a)(1) of this section, flows, rocky mucks, thin silty loams, Within these units, the primary constitute critical habitat for constituent elements of critical habitat deep volcanic ash soils. (iv) Canopy: Acacia, Metrosideros, Pittosporum napaliense on Kauai. are: Within these units, the primary (i) Annual precipitation: Greater than Psychotria, Tetraplasandra, Zanthoxylum. constituent elements of critical habitat 75 inches (190 centimeters). are: (ii) Substrate: Greater than 65 degree (v) Subcanopy: Cheirodendron, (i) Elevation: Less than 3,000 ft (1,000 slope, shallow soils, weathered lava. Coprosma, Hedyotis, Ilex, Myoporum, m). (iii) Subcanopy: Broussaisia, Myrsine. Cheirodendron, Leptecophylla, (vi) Understory: Bidens, Dryopteris, (ii) Annual precipitation: 50 to 75 Metrosideros. Leptecophylla, Poa, Scaevola, Sophora. inches (127 to 190 centimeters). (iv) Understory: Ferns, Bryophytes, * * * * * (iii) Substrate: Shallow soils, little to Coprosoma, Dubautia, Hedyotis, FAMILY MYRSINACEAE: Myrsine no herbaceous layer. Peperomia. mezii (KOLEA) (iv) Canopy: Acacia, Diospyros, Kauai 10–Myrsine mezii–a, Kauai 11– Metrosideros, Myrsine, Pouteria, FAMILY MYRSINACEAE: Lysimachia Myrsine mezii–b, Kauai 11–Myrsine Santalum. scopulensis (NCN) (v) Subcanopy: Dodonaea, Kauai 11–Lysimachia scopulensis–a, mezii–c, Kauai 18–Myrsine mezii–d, Kauai 22–Myrsine mezii–e, Kauai 23– Freycinetia, Leptecophylla, Melanthera, identified in the legal description in Osteomeles, Pleomele, Psydrax. paragraph (a)(1) of this section, Myrsine mezii–f, Kauai 24–Myrsine (vi) Understory: Carex, Dicranopteris, constitutes critical habitat for mezii–g, and Kauai 25–Myrsine mezii–h, Diplazium, Elaphoglossum, Peperomia. Lysimachia scopulensis on Kauai. identified in the legal descriptions in Within this unit, the primary paragraph (a)(1) of this section, * * * * * constituent elements of critical habitat constitute critical habitat for Myrsine FAMILY RUBIACEAE: Psychotria are: mezii on Kauai. grandiflora (KOPIKO) (i) Annual precipitation: Less than 75 (i) In units Kauai 11–Myrsine mezii– Kauai 10–Psychotria grandiflora–a, inches (190 centimeters). c, Kauai 22–Myrsine mezii–e, and Kauai Kauai 11–Psychotria grandiflora–b, (ii) Substrate: Greater than 65 degree 23–Myrsine mezii–f, the primary Kauai 11–Psychotria grandiflora–c, slope, rocky talus. constituent elements of critical habitat Kauai 18–Psychotria grandiflora–d, (iii) Subcanopy: Antidesma, are: Kauai 22–Psychotria grandiflora–e, Chamaesyce, Diospyros, Dodonaea. (A) Elevation: 3,000 to 6,600 ft (1,000 Kauai 23–Psychotria grandiflora–f, (iv) Understory: Bidens, Eragrostis, to 2,000 m). Kauai 24–Psychotria grandiflora–g, and Melanthera, Schiedea. (B) Annual precipitation: 50 to 75 Kauai 25–Psychotria grandiflora–h, inches (127 to 190 centimeters). FAMILY MYRSINACEAE: Lysimachia identified in the legal descriptions in (C) Substrate: Weathered aa lava paragraph (a)(1) of this section, venosa (NCN) flows, rocky mucks, thin silty loams, Kauai 4–Lysimachia venosa–a, Kauai constitute critical habitat for Psychotria deep volcanic ash soils. grandiflora on Kauai. 10–Lysimachia venosa–b, Kauai 11– (D) Canopy: Acacia, Metrosideros, Lysimachia venosa–c, Kauai 19– Psychotria, Tetraplasandra, (i) In units Kauai 11–Psychotria Lysimachia venosa–d, and Kauai 20– Zanthoxylum. grandiflora–c, Kauai 22–Psychotria Lysimachia venosa–e, identified in the (E) Subcanopy: Cheirodendron, grandiflora–e, and Kauai 23–Psychotria legal descriptions in paragraph (a)(1) of Coprosma, Hedyotis, Ilex, Myoporum, grandiflora–f, the primary constituent this section, constitute critical habitat Myrsine. elements of critical habitat are: for Lysimachia venosa on Kauai. Within (F) Understory: Bidens, Dryopteris, (A) Elevation: 3,000 to 6,600 ft (1,000 these units, the primary constituent Leptecophylla, Poa, Scaevola, Sophora. to 2,000 m). elements of critical habitat are: (ii) In units Kauai 10–Myrsine mezii– (B) Annual precipitation: 50 to 75 (i) Annual precipitation: Greater than a, Kauai 11–Myrsine mezii–b, Kauai 18– inches (127 to 190 centimeters). 75 inches (190 centimeters). Myrsine mezii–d, Kauai 24–Myrsine (C) Substrate: Weathered aa lava (ii) Substrate: Greater than 65 degree mezii–g, and Kauai 25–Myrsine mezii–h, flows, rocky mucks, thin silty loams, slope, shallow soils, weathered lava. the primary constituent elements of deep volcanic ash soils. (iii) Subcanopy: Broussaisia, critical habitat are: (D) Canopy: Acacia, Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Leptecophylla, (A) Elevation: 3,000 to 6,600 ft (1,000 Psychotria, Tetraplasandra, Metrosideros. to 2,000 m). Zanthoxylum.

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00150 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules 62741

(E) Subcanopy: Cheirodendron, (v) Subcanopy: Broussaisia, Cibotium, (A) Elevation: 3,000 to 6,600 ft (1,000 Coprosma, Hedyotis, Ilex, Myoporum, Eurya, Ilex, Myrsine. to 2,000 m). Myrsine. (vi) Understory: Ferns, Carex, (B) Annual precipitation: Greater than (F) Understory: Bidens, Dryopteris, Coprosma, Leptecophylla, Oreobolus, 75 inches (190 centimeters). Leptecophylla, Poa, Scaevola, Sophora. Rhynchospora, Vaccinium. (C) Substrate: Well-developed soils, (ii) In units Kauai 10–Psychotria * * * * * montane bogs. grandiflora–a, Kauai 11–Psychotria FAMILY RUTACEAE: Melicope (D) Canopy: Acacia, Charpentiera, grandiflora–b, Kauai 18–Psychotria paniculata (ALANI) Cheirodendron, Metrosideros. grandiflora–d, Kauai 24–Psychotria Kauai 10–Melicope paniculata–a, (E) Subcanopy: Broussaisia, Cibotium, grandiflora–g, and Kauai 25–Psychotria Kauai 11–Melicope paniculata–b, and Eurya, Ilex, Myrsine. grandiflora–h, the primary constituent Kauai 21–Melicope paniculata–c, (F) Understory: Ferns, Carex, elements of critical habitat are: identified in the legal descriptions in Coprosma, Leptecophylla, Oreobolus, (A) Elevation: 3,000 to 6,600 ft (1,000 paragraph (a)(1) of this section, Rhynchospora, Vaccinium. to 2,000 m). constitute critical habitat for Melicope FAMILY RUTACEAE: Platydesma (B) Annual precipitation: Greater than paniculata on Kauai. Within these units, rostrata (PILO KEA LAU) 75 inches (190 centimeters). the primary constituent elements of Kauai 4–Platydesma rostrata–a, Kauai (C) Substrate: Well-developed soils, critical habitat are: 7–Platydesma rostrata–b, Kauai 10– montane bogs. Platydesma rostrata–c, Kauai 10– (D) Canopy: Acacia, Charpentiera, (i) Elevation: Less than 3,000 ft (1,000 Platydesma rostrata–d, Kauai 10– Cheirodendron, Metrosideros. m). Platydesma rostrata–e, Kauai 11– (E) Subcanopy: Broussaisia, Cibotium, (ii) Annual precipitation: Greater than Platydesma rostrata–f, Kauai 11– Eurya, Ilex, Myrsine. 75 inches (190 centimeters). (F) Understory: Ferns, Carex, (iii) Substrate: Clays, ashbeds, deep Platydesma rostrata–g, Kauai 11– Coprosma, Leptecophylla, Oreobolus, well-drained soils, lowland bogs. Platydesma rostrata–h, Kauai 11– Rhynchospora, Vaccinium. (iv) Canopy: Antidesma, Metrosideros, Platydesma rostrata–i, Kauai 11– Myrsine, Pisonia, Psychotria. Platydesma rostrata–j, Kauai 18– FAMILY RUBIACEAE: Psychotria (v) Subcanopy: Cibotium, Claoxylon, Platydesma rostrata–k, Kauai 19– hobdyi (KOPIKO) Hedyotis, Melicope. Platydesma rostrata–l, Kauai 20– Kauai 7–Psychotria hobdyi–a and (vi) Understory: Alyxia, Cyrtandra, Platydesma rostrata–m, Kauai 21– Kauai 11–Psychotria hobdyi–b, Dicranopteris, Diplazium, Machaerina, Platydesma rostrata–n, Kauai 22– identified in the legal descriptions in Microlepia. Platydesma rostrata–o, Kauai 23– paragraph (a)(1) of this section, Platydesma rostrata–p, Kauai 24– constitute critical habitat for Psychotria FAMILY RUTACEAE: Melicope puberula (ALANI) Platydesma rostrata–q, and Kauai 25– hobdyi on Kauai. Within these units, the Platydesma rostrata–r, identified in the primary constituent elements of critical Kauai 10–Melicope puberula–a, Kauai 10–Melicope puberula–b, Kauai 11– legal descriptions in paragraph (a)(1) of habitat are: this section, constitute critical habitat (i) Elevation: Less than 3,000 ft (1,000 Melicope puberula–c, Kauai 11– Melicope puberula–d, Kauai 18– for Platydesma rostrata on Kauai. m). (i) In units Kauai 7–Platydesma (ii) Annual precipitation: 50 to 75 Melicope puberula–e, Kauai 21– Melicope puberula–f, Kauai 24– rostrata–b and Kauai 11–Platydesma inches (127 to 190 centimeters). rostrata–g, the primary constituent (iii) Substrate: Shallow soils, little to Melicope puberula–g, and Kauai 25– Melicope puberula–h, identified in the elements of critical habitat are: no herbaceous layer. (A) Elevation: Less than 3,000 ft (iv) Canopy: Acacia, Diospyros, legal descriptions in paragraph (a)(1) of (1,000 m). Metrosideros, Myrsine, Pouteria, this section, constitute critical habitat (B) Annual precipitation: 50 to 75 Santalum. for Melicope puberula on Kauai. inches (127 to 190 centimeters). (v) Subcanopy: Dodonaea, (i) In units Kauai 10–Melicope (C) Substrate: Shallow soils, little to Freycinetia, Leptecophylla, Melanthera, puberula–b, Kauai 11–Melicope no herbaceous layer. Osteomeles, Pleomele, Psydrax. puberula–d, and Kauai 21–Melicope (D) Canopy: Acacia, Diospyros, (vi) Understory: Carex, Dicranopteris, puberula–f, the primary constituent Metrosideros, Myrsine, Pouteria, Diplazium, Elaphoglossum, Peperomia. elements of critical habitat are: Santalum. FAMILY RUTACEAE: Melicope (A) Elevation: Less than 3,000 ft (E) Subcanopy: Dodonaea, degeneri (ALANI) (1,000 m). Freycinetia, Leptecophylla, Melanthera, Kauai 10–Melicope degeneri–a, Kauai (B) Annual precipitation: Greater than Osteomeles, Pleomele, Psydrax. 11–Melicope degeneri–b, Kauai 18– 75 inches (190 centimeters). (F) Understory: Carex, Dicranopteris, Melicope degeneri–c, Kauai 24– (C) Substrate: Clays, ashbeds, deep Diplazium, Elaphoglossum, Peperomia. Melicope degeneri–d, and Kauai 25– well-drained soils, lowland bogs. (ii) In units Kauai 10–Platydesma Melicope degeneri–e, identified in the (D) Canopy: Antidesma, Metrosideros, rostrata–d, Kauai 11–Platydesma legal descriptions in paragraph (a)(1) of Myrsine, Pisonia, Psychotria. rostrata–h, and Kauai 21–Platydesma this section, constitute critical habitat (E) Subcanopy: Cibotium, Claoxylon, rostrata–n, the primary constituent for Melicope degeneri on Kauai. Within Hedyotis, Melicope. elements of critical habitat are: these units, the primary constituent (F) Understory: Alyxia, Cyrtandra, (A) Elevation: Less than 3,000 ft elements of critical habitat are: Dicranopteris, Diplazium, Machaerina, (1,000 m). (i) Elevation: 3,000 to 6,600 ft (1,000 Microlepia. (B) Annual precipitation: Greater than to 2,000 m). (ii) In units Kauai 10–Melicope 75 inches (190 centimeters). (ii) Annual precipitation: Greater than puberula–a, Kauai 11–Melicope (C) Substrate: Clays, ashbeds, deep 75 inches (190 centimeters). puberula–c, Kauai 18–Melicope well-drained soils, lowland bogs. (iii) Substrate: Well-developed soils, puberula–e, Kauai 24–Melicope (D) Canopy: Antidesma, Metrosideros, montane bogs. puberula–g, and Kauai 25–Melicope Myrsine, Pisonia, Psychotria. (iv) Canopy: Acacia, Charpentiera, puberula–h, the primary constituent (E) Subcanopy: Cibotium, Claoxylon, Cheirodendron, Metrosideros. elements of critical habitat are: Hedyotis, Melicope.

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00151 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2 62742 Federal Register / Vol. 73, No. 204 / Tuesday, October 21, 2008 / Proposed Rules

(F) Understory: Alyxia, Cyrtandra, (B) Substrate: Greater than 65 degree constituent elements of critical habitat Dicranopteris, Diplazium, Machaerina, slope, shallow soils, weathered lava. are: Microlepia. (C) Subcanopy: Broussaisia, (i) Elevation: 3,000 to 6,600 ft (1,000 (iii) In units Kauai 11–Platydesma Cheirodendron, Leptecophylla, to 2,000 m). rostrata–j, Kauai 22–Platydesma Metrosideros. (ii) Annual precipitation: Greater than rostrata–o, and Kauai 23–Platydesma (D) Understory: Ferns, Bryophytes, 75 inches (190 centimeters). rostrata–p, the primary constituent Coprosoma, Dubautia, Hedyotis, elements of critical habitat are: Peperomia. (iii) Substrate: Well-developed soils, montane bogs. (A) Elevation: 3,000 to 6,600 ft (1,000 * * * * * to 2,000 m). (2) * * * (iv) Canopy: Acacia, Charpentiera, (B) Annual precipitation: 50 to 75 Cheirodendron, Metrosideros. * * * * * inches (127 to 190 centimeters). FAMILY ASPLENIACEAE: Diellia (v) Subcanopy: Broussaisia, Cibotium, (C) Substrate: Weathered aa lava mannii (NCN) Eurya, Ilex, Myrsine. flows, rocky mucks, thin silty loams, Kauai 11–Diellia mannii–a, Kauai 22– (vi) Understory: Ferns, Carex, deep volcanic ash soils. Diellia mannii–b, and Kauai 23–Diellia Coprosma, Leptecophylla, Oreobolus, (D) Canopy: Acacia, Metrosideros, mannii–c, identified in the legal Rhynchospora, Vaccinium. Psychotria, Tetraplasandra, descriptions in paragraph (a)(1) of this Zanthoxylum. * * * * * (E) Subcanopy: Cheirodendron, section, constitute critical habitat for FAMILY PTERIDACEAE: Doryopteris Coprosma, Hedyotis, Ilex, Myoporum, Diellia mannii on Kauai. Within these angelica (NCN) units, the primary constituent elements Myrsine. Kauai 7–Doryopteris angelica–a and of critical habitat are: (F) Understory: Bidens, Dryopteris, Kauai 11–Doryopteris angelica–b, (i) Elevation: 3,000 to 6,600 ft (1,000 Leptecophylla, Poa, Scaevola, Sophora. identified in the legal descriptions in (iv) In units Kauai 10–Platydesma to 2,000 m). (ii) Annual precipitation: 50 to 75 paragraph (a)(1) of this section, rostrata–c, Kauai 11–Platydesma constitute critical habitat for Doryopteris rostrata–f, Kauai 18–Platydesma inches (127 to 190 centimeters). (iii) Substrate: Weathered aa lava angelica on Kauai. Within these units, rostrata–k, Kauai 24–Platydesma flows, rocky mucks, thin silty loams, the primary constituent elements of rostrata–q, and Kauai 25–Platydesma deep volcanic ash soils. critical habitat are: rostrata–r, the primary constituent (iv) Canopy: Acacia, Metrosideros, (i) Elevation: Less than 3,000 ft (1,000 elements of critical habitat are: Psychotria, Tetraplasandra, m). (A) Elevation: 3,000 to 6,600 ft (1,000 Zanthoxylum. (ii) Annual precipitation: 50 to 75 to 2,000 m). (v) Subcanopy: Cheirodendron, (B) Annual precipitation: Greater than inches (127 to 190 centimeters). Coprosma, Hedyotis, Ilex, Myoporum, 75 inches (190 centimeters). (iii) Substrate: Shallow soils, little to (C) Substrate: Well-developed soils, Myrsine. no herbaceous layer. (vi) Understory: Bidens, Dryopteris, montane bogs. (iv) Canopy: Acacia, Diospyros, Leptecophylla, Poa, Scaevola, Sophora. (D) Canopy: Acacia, Charpentiera, Metrosideros, Myrsine, Pouteria, Cheirodendron, Metrosideros. * * * * * Santalum. (E) Subcanopy: Broussaisia, Cibotium, FAMILY DRYOPTERIDACEAE: Dryopteris crinalis var. podosorus (v) Subcanopy: Dodonaea, Eurya, Ilex, Myrsine. Freycinetia, Leptecophylla, Melanthera, (F) Understory: Ferns, Carex, (PALAPALAI AUMAKUA) Osteomeles, Pleomele, Psydrax. Coprosma, Leptecophylla, Oreobolus, Kauai 10–Dryopteris crinalis var. Rhynchospora, Vaccinium. podosorus–a, Kauai 11–Dryopteris (vi) Understory: Carex, Dicranopteris, (v) In units Kauai 4–Platydesma crinalis var. podosorus–b, Kauai 18– Diplazium, Elaphoglossum, Peperomia. rostrata–a, Kauai 10–Platydesma Dryopteris crinalis var. podosorus–c, * * * * * rostrata–e, Kauai 11–Platydesma Kauai 24–Dryopteris crinalis var. rostrata–i, Kauai 19–Platydesma podosorus–d, and Kauai 25–Dryopteris Dated: September 12, 2008 rostrata–l, and Kauai 20–Platydesma crinalis var. podosorus–e, identified in Lyle Laverty, rostrata–m, the primary constituent the legal descriptions in paragraph (a)(1) Assistant Secretary for Fish and Wildlife and elements of critical habitat are: of this section, constitute critical habitat Parks (A) Annual precipitation: Greater than for Dryopteris crinalis var. podosorus on [FR Doc. E8–23561 Filed 10–20–08; 8:45 am] 75 inches (190 centimeters). Kauai. Within these units, the primary BILLING CODE 4310–55–S

VerDate Aug<31>2005 16:54 Oct 20, 2008 Jkt 217001 PO 00000 Frm 00152 Fmt 4701 Sfmt 4702 E:\FR\FM\21OCP2.SGM 21OCP2 jlentini on PROD1PC65 with PROPOSALS2