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Appreciating and Evaluating the Performances of the Spanish Riding School of Vienna

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Appreciating and Evaluating the Performances of the Spanish Riding School of Vienna Appreciating and Evaluating the Performances of the Spanish Riding School of Vienna. Una Hebden Ph.D Thesis May 2017 i Evaluating and Appreciating the Performances of the Spanish Riding School of Vienna. Thesis submitted in accordance with the requirements of the University of Liverpool for the degree of Doctor in Philosophy. Una Hebden May 2017 ii Acknowledgements Undertaking this study has been an enjoyable and life-changing experience. The completion of this work has only been made possible by the guidance and support that I have received from a number of exceptional people. I would first like to say a huge thank you to Professor Stephen Clark for believing in this project in the first place, and for taking a chance on me. I would also like to say a huge thank you to my supervisors, without whom this project would not have been possible: to my primary supervisor, Dr Panayiota Vassilopoulou, whose support, encouragement and friendship throughout this process has been invaluable. Yiota always pushed me to be the best I could be, and finally helped me to believe that I had a voice and was entitled to use it. Thank you. It has been an honour to be your first Ph.D student. I would also like to express my gratitude to Dr Jennifer Kewley Draskau, with whom I spent many hours discussing the artistic elements of dressage, and who also lifted me out of despair on more than one occasion. Jennifer’s demand for perfection and her strict attention to detail drove me to finally learn to punctuate prose. I am also indebted to Dr Simon Hailwood who navigated me through the complexities of ethical theory, and who patiently read and re-read endless drafts of my ethics chapters and did so with such wisdom and good grace. Thank you. I am also grateful to my examiners Dr Daniel Whistler and Dr Lisa Jones, primarily for making the viva voce an enjoyable, and most importantly, a terror-free occasion! Also, I wish to thank them for their helpful and constructive feedback on my thesis. iii I would also like to thank those of my friends who were roped into reading, commenting on, and questioning various aspects of my often somewhat dubious ways of presenting written prose. In this I am indebted to Professor Chris Gaine, Professor Philip Burnard, and to my dear friend and neighbour Andrew Hopper QC who not only read and commented on the thesis but who also kindly printed the final version for me. None of this would have been possible at all without the continued love, support and encouragement of my husband Mark, who also stepped in to take care of horses, dogs and chickens enabling me to concentrate on my work. Thank you. Finally, I would like to thank the Spanish Riding School of Vienna for providing the inspiration for this work, and also for their support and encouragement. In this I am particularly indebted to Chief Rider Andreas Hausberger, who sat with me over numerous cups of coffee, and answered my many questions. To Mrs Eva-Maria Schobinger for taking such good care of me, and for supplying me with various DVDs and a vast amount of useful reading material, and also to Mrs Ines Hubinger from the SRS stud at Piber, for answering my queries so promptly and graciously. iv Contents Acknowledgements.................................................................................................................................... iii List of Illustrations ....................................................................................................................................... x Abstract ..................................................................................................................................................... xii Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 1 The Spanish Riding School ..................................................................................................................... 3 Chapter One ............................................................................................................................................. 10 A History of Equitation and the Spanish Riding School of Vienna ........................................................... 10 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 10 Classical Equitation and the High School ............................................................................................. 14 Xenophon and the Greek Riding Horse ............................................................................................... 15 The Renaissance ................................................................................................................................... 22 The Influence of François Robichon de la Guérinière .......................................................................... 27 The Viennese Winter Riding School ..................................................................................................... 34 Characteristics of the Lipizzaner Horse ................................................................................................ 39 Selecting a horse for the SRS ............................................................................................................... 40 The Performances: A Background........................................................................................................ 41 The Spanish Riding School Performances Today ................................................................................. 43 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................ 54 Chapter Two ............................................................................................................................................. 57 Performing Animals ............................................................................................................................. 57 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 57 The Horse World .................................................................................................................................. 58 v Kant, Schopenhauer and Nussbaum on rationality, dignity, justice and non-human animals ............ 65 Nussbaum’s Capabilities Approach ...................................................................................................... 70 Nussbaum’s Ten Capabilities ............................................................................................................... 72 Life .................................................................................................................................................... 72 Bodily Health .................................................................................................................................... 73 Bodily Integrity ................................................................................................................................. 73 Senses, Imagination and Thought .................................................................................................... 74 Emotions .......................................................................................................................................... 75 Practical Reason ............................................................................................................................... 75 Affiliation .......................................................................................................................................... 75 Other Species ................................................................................................................................... 75 Play ................................................................................................................................................... 76 Control over one’s Environment ...................................................................................................... 76 Nussbaum and the Concept of Dignity ................................................................................................ 76 Being a horse........................................................................................................................................ 79 Equine social structures ....................................................................................................................... 81 Horses and Humans ............................................................................................................................. 82 Horse Breeding .................................................................................................................................... 83 Nutrition ............................................................................................................................................... 86 Play ....................................................................................................................................................... 89 The training of horses .......................................................................................................................... 90 Species, performances and Inequalities .............................................................................................
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