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Christian Pedagogy and Christian Community in the Fifth- and Sixth-Century Mediterranean

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Christian Pedagogy and Christian Community in the Fifth- and Sixth-Century Mediterranean Christian Pedagogy and Christian Community in the Fifth- and Sixth-Century Mediterranean by Alexandra Talarico McLaughlin A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Greek and Roman History) In the University of Michigan 2017 Doctoral Committee: Emeritus Professor Raymond Van Dam, Chair Professor Sara Ahbel-Rappe Associate Professor Hussein Fancy Associate Professor Ellen Muehlberger Alexandra Talarico McLaughlin [email protected] ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1324-885X © Alexandra Talarico McLaughlin 2017 DEDICATION For Terence nil tam difficilest quin quaerendo investigari possiet, Ter.Hau, 675 ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This dissertation would not have been possible without the faith and guidance of my advisor, the unconquerable Ray Van Dam. I would like to thank Ray for having the confidence in me to allow me to write a dissertation on Christianity in both the eastern and western halves of the Mediterranean, and for his help with using case studies as a productive framework for undertaking such an unwieldy topic. Further, the loving care with which Ray read and reread every word of my dissertation made the multiple rewrites he encouraged me to do a pleasure rather than a burden. My work is much better for it. I also owe thanks to the other members of my committee for introducing me to different approaches and always keeping me on my toes. Sara Ahbel-Rappe helped me get into the minds of my preachers by asking about the theological and rhetorical contexts that lay behind their pedagogy. Hussein Fancy and Ellen Muehlberger asked me difficult questions throughout the dissertation writing process that helped me formulate my analysis in as nuanced a way as possible. I would also like to thank my undergraduate advisor, Jim O’Donnell, who first sent me on the quest for ordinary Christians in 2008 when he asked me to explain to a Martian who visited Earth in the fifth century what a Christian was. I am still not sure I have an answer, but I’m getting closer. I would further like to thank the numerous friends, colleagues, and professors who provided academic and moral support as I wrote my dissertation. My colleagues in the Medieval and Early Modern Studies dissertation colloquium and the History dissertation iii writing seminar gave me important feedback on early drafts of all my chapters. Christian de Pee offered crucial writing and argumentation advice while he led the MEMS colloquium. I have also benefited from the scholarly and professional mentoring and friendship given by other faculty members in History and Classical Studies, including Paolo Squatriti, Val Kivelson, Ian Moyer, Celia Schultz, Bruce Frier, and especially Kit French. My friends in the departments of History and Classical Studies and the Interdepartmental Program in Greek and Roman History, especially Noah Blan, Paula Curtis, Amy Pistone, Ellen Cole Lee, Kate Allen, and my IPGRH cohort-mate Tim Hart, were always there to cheer me on, read a draft, or geek out with me over obscure parts of ancient and medieval history. I am also grateful to the departments of History and Classical Studies, the Interdepartmental Program in Greek and Roman History, and Rackham Graduate School for the various forms of financial support they provided me in summers and terms that I was not working as a graduate student instructor. To that end, this dissertation would also have been much more difficult to finish without the tireless administrative support of the staff in the History Department, especially Kathleen King and Diana Denney. Finally, in this honored position at the end, I would like to thank my family. My parents, Tom and Kristin Talarico, have always encouraged me in my incessant questioning and, as I got older, my scholarly pursuits. Their simultaneous support and security, and prodding reminders to never think I’ve learned it all and to make time for the non-academic parts of life have been invaluable. My husband Jonathan McLaughlin, a gentleman and a scholar, has been a constant source of love, moral support, and advice from the other side of the dissertation process. From challenging my ideas over dinner, to telling me about the things he’s read, written, and taught in his own branch of Roman History, to sacrificing time iv for his scholarship to have extra “Dad days” and “Dad weekends” as I neared completion, Jonathan has greatly improved the quality of my dissertation. I would like to dedicate this work to our beautiful son Terence. Although he cannot read it yet, Terry is a visible, tangible reminder of the future generations whom historians are doing all this work for. v CONTENTS DEDICATION ..................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ................................................................................................... iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................ viii ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................ ix Chapter 1. Introduction: A Mediterranean-wide Christianity in the Fifth and Sixth Centuries 1 Traditions of Christian Teaching ........................................................................................8 Defining Faith for Ordinary Christians ............................................................................. 13 A Case for Case Studies ................................................................................................... 21 Hesychius of Jerusalem ................................................................................................. 23 Caesarius of Arles ......................................................................................................... 24 PART I: HESYCHIUS OF JERUSALEM ........................................................................... 27 Chapter 2. Orthodoxy without Controversy: The Early-Fifth-Century Homilies of Hesychius of Jerusalem ........................................................................................................................ 33 The Council of Ephesus and Hesychius’ Word-Made-Flesh-Christology .......................... 36 Hesychius Teaches Jerusalem........................................................................................... 39 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................... 74 Chapter 3. Learning through the Liturgy: The Experiential Pedagogy of the Jerusalem Liturgy ................................................................................................................................ 76 The Multi-Sensory Liturgy ............................................................................................... 78 Theological Lessons ......................................................................................................... 83 Communities of Christians ............................................................................................... 95 Leaders of the Church .................................................................................................... 101 Encountering God .......................................................................................................... 110 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 119 PART II: CAESARIUS OF ARLES .................................................................................. 121 Chapter 4. A Community Built on Virtue: Christian Faith and Conduct in the Sermons of Caesarius of Arles ............................................................................................................. 127 vi At the Crossroads of Community ................................................................................... 130 Preaching to Arles and its Hinterlands ............................................................................ 137 The Christian Faith ..................................................................................................... 143 Good Works................................................................................................................ 151 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 165 Chapter 5. Lives, Lives, and Afterlives: Teaching by Example in Sixth-Century Gaul ....... 167 An Exemplary Ideal ....................................................................................................... 170 Lives of the Clergy ......................................................................................................... 175 Lives of the Saints .......................................................................................................... 189 Afterlives of Caesarius’ Sermons ................................................................................... 198 Conclusion ..................................................................................................................... 203 Chapter 6. Conclusion: Towards a Universal Church ......................................................... 205 APPENDIX: Translations of Hesychius’ Paschal Homilies ............................................... 211 BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................
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