The Larkin District Plan

THE LARKIN DISTRICT PLAN

Prepared for CityView Properties

Prepared by

With

JULY 2006

Front Cover Images Include: The Larkin District Market Plan 2010 (Source: The Urban Design Project with Kevin Connors & Associates) A Postcard of the Larkin Soap Company complex (Source: The History of Buffalo) Historic construction photo of the Larkin at Exchange Building (Source: CityView Properties) Completed Larkin at Exchange Building (Source: CityView Properties) The Larkin at Exchange Building after its renovation by CityView Properties (Source: CityView Properties)

All photos in the Larkin District Plan are courtesy of The Urban Design Project, Kevin Connors & Associates, or CityView Properties, unless otherwise noted.

THE LARKIN DISTRICT PLAN

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page

Overview

Chapter 1: The Larkin District Plan Recommendations……………………………………………………. 1 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 1 A. Create a Strong Identity…………………………………………………………………………………….. 2 B. Make Distinctive Gateways and Street Themes…………………………………………………………………… 8 C. Improve Transportation Systems………………………………………………………………………………. 12 D. Create a Network of Green Spaces……………………………………………………………………… ……. 16 E. Land Use Plan…………………………………………………………………………………………… 19

Chapter 2: Plan Implementation……………………………………………………………………………... 23 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………………... 23 A. Sequencing and Responsibilities……………………………………………………………………………….. 24

Chapter 3: Funding……………………………………………………………………………………………. 29 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………………………... 29 A. Funding Sources………………………………………………………………………………………...… 30 B. Funding Programs…………………………………………………………………………………………. 31 THE LARKIN DISTRICT PLAN

LIST OF FIGURES After Page

Historic Resource Plan………………………………………………………………………………………… 4

Recommended Transportation Improvements………………………………………………………………. 14

Planned Land Use 2010………………………………………………………………………………………... 20

Larkin District Market Plan 2010……………………………………………………………………………. .. 22

Overview and Van Rensselaer Streets, thesite Streets, and VanRensselaer at Exchange centered Buffalo of City in the area the plan for strategic a indeveloping thecompany assist to & Associates, Connors Kevin with working Planning, and Architecture of School Buffalo’s at University the at Project Design Urban the commissioned Properties CityView Initiation Project OVERVIEW (Source: New (Source: York http://www.nysgis.state.ny.us/) State Clearinghouse GIS study area District The Larkin isoutlined in thisred in 2005photograph. aerial

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Fillm o opportunities they create. they create. opportunities the and area of the assets existing the of advantage well astake as District, the in investments ongoing and itspast on capitalize to best it would help that projects future potential for recommendations sought Properties CityView project. redevelopment commercial Exchange re Av e- City of Buffalo Buffalo City of Larkin District in thisplan regardingproposed objectives, ideas, and concepts detailed the specific for created theframework process. These overriding goals planning the in early principles, fundamental goals,or guiding asetof developed team project The thePlan Goalsof The east. the to a railright-of-way south, HamburgStreet the to Thruway NYS I-90 the north, tothe and SouthDivisionStreets iscontainedbyNorth Larkin District, studyarea,and the District. This used todefinetheLarkin study areais alarger surroundingit, community area willaffectandbeaffectedbythe theproject in thatchanges recognizing Rensselaer Streets.However, andVan of Exchange intersection ¼-mileoftheapproximately Properties andadjoining lands within of CityView control under thedirect properties areaincludesall The project Geographic Area Area Geographic to the west and and west the to Overview

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Plan, a series of action steps to help guide and enhance the growth of the Larkin District. Chapter Implementation,”II, “Plan describes the recommended sequencing of future development and identifies the organizations responsible for the implementation of the development projects. Chapter III, “Funding,” describes funding sources and programs potentially available to help implement future development projects in the Larkin District. / 1

A 1901 illustration of the Larkin Distri Larkin of the illustration A 1901 Administration The Library building. of Congress) (Source: OVERVIEW: THE LARKIN DISTRICT PLAN OVERVIEW: and public policies, community

include the following: draws upon an extensive analysis of Larkin District Plan District Larkin Market the Larkin District “brand name” so that it becomes becomes it that so name” “brand District Larkin the Market recognizable and identified with by the public. Base the “image” of the district on its past and help brand the design features. District with future Allow for flexibility and change in the Plan. Whenever possible, preserve, restore and/or reuse important historic features. Blend new features with old to enhance the appeal of both. This does not mean imitating the architectural of historic buildings.features Capitalize on the proximity of the Larkin District to downtown through physical connections and visual design features. Improve physical, visual, and way finding connections the Larkin Districtbetween , its businesses, and its region. residents and the Encourage a vital urban neighborhood by developing vibrant streets and public spaces. Make the district safe and easy to get around for all people using different modes of transportation— and pedestrians,car drivers, bicyclists, transitriders, truck operators alike. Background Studies potential investment and redevelopment activities in the Larkin District. These planning principles • • • • • • • • • The Outline of the Plan Within this plan are three chapters. Chapter I, “The Larkin District Plan Recommendations,” presents the heart of the the Larkin District conducted by the Urban Design Project and Kevin Connors & Associates. This analysis focused on the area’s history, land use demographic profile, urban design characteristics, and transportation system. The Larkin District Plan CHAPTER I: THE LARKIN DISTRICT PLAN RECOMMENDATIONS RECOMMENDATIONS PLAN LARKINDISTRICT THE CHAPTER I: 1 The Larkin District Plan

help create a strong

developed early in the planning inctive gateways and street themes, inctive gateways and street themes, History of Buffalo

improve transportation systems, develop a network of green spaces, and develop a land use plan. Implementation of the plan, as well possible sources of funding for the plan’s features, are described in the following plan. of this chapters Larkin District identity, create dist the goals and objectives that were process by the planning team. These recommendations have also been based on the historic and current context of the neighborhood that the District is within. The plan includes five separate yet cohesive groups of recommendations. These five groups are recommendations that will an industrial an CHAPTER I: THE LARKIN DISTRICT PLAN RECOMMENDATIONS land in the Larkin District and In the late 1800’s, the Larkin ffalo developed into create a better environment for ercial center and neighborhood in A historic postcard of the Larkin Soap Company in full Company in operation. A historic (Source: The Soap postcard of the Larkin http://freenet.buffalo.edu/bah/h/larkin/admin/index.html) http://freenet.buffalo.edu/bah/h/larkin/admin/index.html) center on the DistrictGreat Lakes, the Larkin benefited and contributed to the city’s growth. In early 1800’s, a series of canals were developed and used to create a source of power for industries in this neighborhood which was then named the Hydraulics. Soap Company developed much of the was the owner of the Larkin Administration Building - a Frank Lloyd Wright designed office building. Now and in the future, Larkin District will become a vibrant comm Buffalo. New progressive firms as well creative and innovative employees will be attracted to the District because of its historic character and modern urban amenities. This first chapter, entitled The Larkin District Plan Recommendations, is a series of recommendations for the District that have been based on CHAPTER 1: THE LARKIN DISTRICT PLAN Introduction The Larkin District has a unique past and a rapidly changing future. This once thriving industrial area is becoming a progressive economic center for the entire Western New York region, as well a high quality, eclectic urban neighborhood. This plan for the Larkin District seeks to enhance and guide these changes, as well economic and residential growth. In the past, before the area was called the Larkin District, it was the land of the Seneca, a member of the Iroquois Confederation. The Seneca were restricted to the Buffalo Creek Reservation, just south of the Larkin District, in the 1800’s. As Bu 2 A. Create A Strong Identity plan goals are for the Larkin Distri Larkin forthe goalsare plan Thedualwork businesses. and ofdevelopment types targeted promote and successful.Developing aunique efficient more and visitors residents, corporations, potential to area the business asset.Thisisbecause its“t creates atangible andimage with adesirableandrecognized name District the “Branding” area. the in investment attracting to prerequisite animportant District is fortheLarkin identity adistinct Creating Goal • • • drawsfrom the Larkin District the for promoted the identity that recommends plan The and region. city larger the within places special as apart them sets that unique identity a creating features, trademark have typically districts Successful urban A. CREATE ASTRONGIDENTITY businesses, and tourists in the Buffalo-Niagara region. region. Buffalo-Niagara tourists inthe businesses, and lacksname currently The studyarea Statement Problem neighborhood. urban eclectic an aswelltobecome inthearea, destinations other with is wellconnected that region the in tourism destination and innovative commercial firms. commercial and innovative entrepreneurs classof creative a attract to power drawing has the The district’s mixed-use land use pattern and eclectic character. character. and eclectic mixed-use landusepattern The district’s Lloyd Wright-designedLarkinAdmi Frank ofthe legendary legacy bythe created architectural The cache Company. Soap Larkin giant order mail of the headquarters world the was District the itsheyday, Hydraulics.In asthe known was area the when era industrial early the to and Confederacy, Iroquois the of land the was it when Reservation Creek Buffalo Its layered andmulti-faceted history goes back to the days of the area’s greatest strengths: area’s greateststrengths: rademark” identity makes marketing rademark” identitymakesmarketing ct to become a defining cultural tobecomeadefiningcultural ct recognition amongst residents, residents, amongst recognition identity will make it easier to make it identity will nistration Building. This legacy Thislegacy Building. nistration CHAPTER I: THE LARKIN DISTRICT PLAN RECOMMENDATIONS RECOMMENDATIONS PLAN LARKINDISTRICT THE CHAPTER I: building campus project. project. building campus Exchange at Larkin existing the of lead the follows which redevelopment enhanc 190 NYSThruwayfurther I- the to access and good Buffalo downtown to proximity Close projects. reuse moreuniqueadaptive for theopportunity providing remain, sitesandbuildings historical important Many urban redevelopment. of example isahighlysuccessful this project andshipping, warehousing used by building campus.Once District Larkin of the highlight The Status Current

District. catalyst for other investment in the Larkin compLarkin company ofthe part formerly change building, The adaptive reuse ofthe Larkin at Ex- lex, serves as a is the renovated Larkin at Exchange sites in Western New York. New sites inWestern and its links withhistoric other the Larkin Soap Company for Company LarkinSoap the Strategies sensitive descriptions of its history history ofits sensitive descriptions should include District the Larkin and the nation. Interpretation of region the trends in also cultural development inthedistrict, but not onlythe patterns of influenced Hubbard—have Elbert and Roycroft-founder Red Jacket, leader Iroquois including Wright, people— important decline, many industrial itssubsequent to center andmanufacturing as ashipping Buffalo’s importance From before region. thelarger and Buffalo development of the City of is closelyrelatedtothehistoryand District The historyoftheLarkin Interpret TheHistory e the potential for further potential forfurther e the 3 A. Create A Strong Identity

strict today. “Mill Race four million dollars, a startling business was incorporated as a ich is just west of the Larkin District. Larkin of the west ich is just to design the Larkin Administration Building in pattern in the Larkin Di Larkin, was once one of the world’s largest mail . Patrick’s Friary, located on Seymour Street, is a nufacturingformerElbert Hubbard, a Company. of Wright who commissioned important buildings worked for Larkin as a senior executive. ctory to Family”. In 1892, the alo Hydraulic Association was created in 1827 with the goal of with the goal of alo Hydraulic Association was created in 1827 ny innovations. The project cost ng past revolves around three major historic periods or themes: Frank Lloyd Wright and The Larkin Administration Building The Hydraulics Larkin Soap Company stock company, and renamed the Larkin Soap Ma Roycroft the found to on D. Larkin, went John of son-in-law and company the at manager senior a patron Martin, Darwin Aurora. East in Campus designed by the world-renowned architect, An Interwoven History The District’s fascinati • After the completion of the Erie Canal, a group of local businessman sought to capitalize on the potential of water power. The Buff D. John by • founded Company, Soap Larkin The order retailers, with the motto “Fa • Buffalo on the influence had a tremendous design, has in Wright, an experimenter Lloyd Frank were built in Western New that structures 1903 and 1927, Wright designed 10 Between region. Michigan Avenue Museum, located on York. Currently, the Buffalo Tr ansportation Pierce Arrow never (but Wright-designed Lloyd Frank the building on planning Street, is and Seneca “Filling Station” on their constructed) property, wh John D. Larkin commissioned Frank Lloyd Wright 1904 and it was built in 1906 at 680 Seneca Street. The building rose five stories and drew ma for its international attention Park,” on the south side of Exchange Street opposite the Larkin at Exchange building, is a green space which lies atop the historic location of the mill race. Some of the neighborhoods created during “The Hydraulics” time period still exist. St making Buffalo a center for the textile industry. For various reasons, the industry did not thrive, but remnants of the Canal infrastructure still remain, most notably reflected in an unusual street vestige of this old neighborhood. CHAPTER I: THE LARKIN DISTRICT PLAN RECOMMENDATIONS (Source: The History of (Source: The History Buffalo http://freenet.buffalo.edu/bah/h/larkin/index.html) http://freenet.buffalo.edu/bah/h/larkin/index.html) Buffalo A photograph D. of John Larkin The Frank Lloyd WrightThe Frank Lloyd Administration designed Larkin Building. 4 A. Create A Strong Identity 1950. Onlyoneexteriorco ofowne years withinit.After people for the calming measure -andwill also be the gateway into the Larkin District. intersection ofFillmore/Smith andSeneca St stretch. Thecentral feature of the redesign would consistentstyle withthe other BuffaloOlms consistent double row of trees should be planted on both sides of these streets. Alighting This stretch ofstreets shouldberedesigned and adouble row oftrees. constructed astheparkways Olmsted intended northern and southern systems. Although of Seneca StreettoBailey Avenue, and Bailey Avenue to McKinley Parkway to connect the from the Parade (known today as Martin Luther was never constructed. Olmsted had planned on using the southernhalf of Fillmore Avenue the northern and southern portions of theparkand parkway system to be connected, alink spaces and alargerconnectingsystem ofcirc The Buffalo Olmsted Parks System includes sixlarge destination parks, several smaller • progressive firms in the Larkin District. development and willfoster thecreation of As aninnovator, Frank Lloyd Wright’s reputa used inthebuilding,andanair was light artificial and Natural a conservatory. and garden a roof restrooms, Public Library, Buffalo the of abranch classrooms, diningrooms, bakery, kitchen, a contained building of the empl the brick, servedasarecreationareafor paved with whichwas andtheroof, entranceways flankedthe Fountains sum atthetime. • The Historic ResourcePlan Key elements ofthePlaninclude: elements Key District.. the Larkin of historic features the important highlights Plan Resources The Historic Olmsted ParkwaySystem from the Hydraulics and Larkin eras. andLarkin Hydraulics from the individual properties of designation federal historic state,and seekinglocal, and Evaluating ncrete pierremains. conditioning system that cooled systemthat conditioning

tocreate the connection Olmsted intended. A newtechnologies and new ideasamongst the oyees, their families and guests. The upper level andguests.Theupperlevel oyees, theirfamilies rship transfers,thebuildingwasdemolishedrship in les andparkways.Although Olmsted intended CHAPTER I: THE LARKIN DISTRICT PLAN RECOMMENDATIONS RECOMMENDATIONS PLAN LARKINDISTRICT THE CHAPTER I: these roadsexisttoday,they were never ted Parkways should beutilizedalongthis reet. This circle willperformasatraffic King,Jr.Park) to Seneca Street, the stretch with broadstreetslined green spaces tion and ideas will helpattractpotential be theconstructionofatraffic circle atthe the building provided fresh air thebuildingprovidedfreshair the Seneca Street corridor. and shownhere Circle connections withis Larkin additional A draft ofthe Buffalo Olmsted Park and Parkway System with with existing interpretive signage. signage. interpretive existing with Building remnants Administration oftheThe last Larkin

5 A. Create A Strong Identity

architecture and design and design architecture the tourism development

aps initially in the lobby of the Larkin at storic District. The remaining structuresThe remaining the storic District. of ve figures in American figures ve strict. The history and esteem of the area will and esteem The history strict. early industrial innovation. Creative ways of Creative industrial innovation. early through the Hydraulics canal system. New New system. canal the Hydraulics through ministration Building whose design embodied the design embodied Building whose ministration rkin company by Elbert Hubbard and John D. D. and John rkin company by Elbert Hubbard House in North Buffalo, and the Roycroft Campus strict would complement and tax incentives often come with the designation as well.

Larkin Soap Company (including the pier and other possible subsurface remnants of the Larkin Administration Building) have the potential to be listed on the State and National Register of Historic Places (S/NR) and designated a local City of Buffalo landmark district; Evaluating the possibility of creating a Larkin Hi Creating an interpretative trail along the path of the Hydraulics waterway; Interpreting park designer Frederick Law Olmsted’s original plan for an interconnected Buffalo park system by completing the missing stretch of parkway through the southern edge of the Larkin District; Establishing a “Larkin District museum,” perh Developing historic interpretation materials, including a set of informational brochures, maps, booklets, and CDs describing the district’s history; walking and bus tour packages; marketing links to other regional sites with a “Larkin connection”; Designing and displaying signage marking individual historic and archaeological sites, historic districts, and museums. Early Industrial Innovation Exchange building; developed the “precedent-shattering” Larkin Ad “precedent-shattering” Larkin developed the as an serve Larkin District the in that have or iginated The innovations corporate culture. of the Di development the future for inspiration accomplishments. historical these and surpassing on matching that are intent firms attract Historic designation can be used as a marketing tool to promote cultural tourism, bringing recognition and prestige to the address, and attracting potential investors and residents. Highlighting the rich heritage of Larkin Di initiatives of other historic sites around Western New York including the Wright-designed Graycliff Estate in nearby Derby, NY and Darwin Martin in East Aurora, NY. Financial • • • • • • Legacy of Innovation Promote the • The Larkin District has a strong of heritage were developed here harnessing water power La developed at the marketing strategies were most creati of the one Wright, Lloyd Frank Larkin. CHAPTER I: THE LARKIN DISTRICT PLAN RECOMMENDATIONS rora is part of the Roycroft Roycroft the of is part rora org/Auto%20Gallery.htm) histindex.html) An image of a 1932 Pierce Arrow. (Source: Classic Auto Gallery Gallery Auto Classic (Source: Arrow. Pierce 1932 a An image of http://www.classiccarclub. Campus Historic District.Campus Historic Althoughwas not designed the Inn by Frank Lloyd resemble Wright, architecturalInn of the details Wright designs. The Roycroft InnThe RoycroftEast Au in nearby 6 A. Create A Strong Identity makers. Acritical mass ofprogressive firms an and new businesses are often created from contact and dialogue amongst creative decision restaurants and parks, can helpencourage know employees. Creating spaces inthe Larkin District for interaction among people,includingcafes, Modern firms andtheiremployees benefit and growfrominteractionswith other firmsand architectural styles,which make themattracti innovations in communications and computer technology. The districts offer a mix of uses and Light industryandservice sectorsin these districts have beenprope Savannah, Georgia. Each of these districts is a vibrant neighborhood andcommercial center. examples of redeveloped historic districts include SoHo in New YorkCity and Bay Front in class” ofworkersisoften attracted to urban dist location decisions based on thearea’s lifestyle employees their prospective out firms toseek In thepast, employees relocatedwhere industries • redevelopment ofthe Larkin District will help return Western New Yorktoitsinnovative past. designed automobiles that were used in presiden 1918. The Pierce ArrowAutoCompany was locatedin air conditioning system. The Concrete Central elev Buffalo River. In1906, Willis Havilland Carrier innovations in industrial design. In 1842, Joseph Dart built theworld’s first grain elevator on the Western New Yorkalso hasastrong industrial heritage,and wasthelocation of many • architecture is suitedforthe Lark being ininterestingly designed environmentswith a mixofamenities. Eclectic andhistoric The creative class ofworkers, residents, andtourists attractedtotheLarkin District willenjoy Propose Mixed Uses District. be ableto share facilities, reducing thecostof business, increasing theattractiveness of the Larkin productive interfacethatwill ge WNY Innovations in Industrial Design inIndustrial WNY Innovations Progressive Firms and Creative Employees Progressive FirmsandCreative nerate further developmentinth in District theme, residential neighborhoods and public spaces. ve topotentialdevelopment and residents. CHAPTER I: THE LARKIN DISTRICT PLAN RECOMMENDATIONS RECOMMENDATIONS PLAN LARKINDISTRICT THE CHAPTER I: of the Buffalo Forge Company patented the first d their creative employees ledge transfer among these people. Innovations and locatenearthem.Theseemployees make amenities anddistinctive qualities. A“creative wereestablished.Itismorecommon now for tial motorcades and byEuropeanroyalty. The ricts withintact historic character. Successful ator was thelargest in the world whenbuiltin Buffalointhefirsthalfof1900’s and e District. These firmswillalso lled towardssuccesswith will help promote a willhelppromote communication. communication. enjoy amenities such as thisca Employees andvisitors of the (Source:onrealestate.org) www.cant It also arestaurants. is goodexampleofadaptive reuse. example ofa mixed usedevelopment, bothofficeswith and TheAmerican Can Company in Baltimore, Maryland, is an Larkin atExchange building fé that allow forcontact and 7 A. Create A Strong Identity

oposed parking spaces, s, retail, entertainment, civic entertainment, s, retail, ible uses will disrupt the quality of life for of life quality disrupt the will uses ible cial, light industrial, civic, recreational and cial, light industrial, civic, into the design of pr of the design into in the District. Reducing the space taken up Reducing the space in the District. the emerging character of the Larkin District. the Larkin District. of the emerging character r and image of the Larkin District should be should District image of the Larkin r and tants that would detract from the environmental environmental the from detract would that tants r other productive uses, while accommodating the accommodating while productive uses, r other y of uses. Museums, offices, home offices, Museums, of uses. y ings through flexible zoning. zoning. flexible through build ings these encouraged to occupy Allow Mixed Uses Within a Building Encourage Adaptive Reuse Allow for Shared Parking Prohibit New Incompatible Uses

uses, and other uses should be should uses other uses, and so as to reduce the number of total parking needed of number to reduce the so as pollu processes emit industrial heavy Stationary District. the and workers in tourists residents, • enhance the can buildings in uses a mix of encouraging by use, buildings separating than Rather for in his designs Lloyd Wright by Frank was an idea championed This buildings. vitality of those a library. included a restaurant and which Building Administration the Larkin • characte that create the structures The historic a variet renovated and occupied by • be should but building, or one business to only be restricted not should lots parking Use of on need parking will businesses Certain District. Larkin the in uses many the amongst shared schedules of have different will while other businesses of the day, certain times certain days and be incorporated needs should needs. These parking Shared parking District. of the Larkin and character the image will enhance by parking fo be used to space more allow will alternatives requirements. needed parking • compatible with not be New heavy industry will an area with commer quality of the District. As incompat other and heavy industry uses, residential CHAPTER I: THE LARKIN DISTRICT PLAN RECOMMENDATIONS eed for surface parking in the in the parking for surface eed Larkin District. District. Larkin Shared parking can reduce n Shared parkingthe can Residential neighborhoods,Street, one on Roseville like the industry. by heavy would be negatively affected 8 B. Make Distinctive Gateways and Street Themes Plan. Comprehensive ofBuffalo the City strategies in fundamental the with aligned are Theguidelines developments. beused general guidelinesthatwill The work plan goal forgateways and st work andlive. invest, to place a good as District the establishes turn, in that, All area. mixed uselookand feel ofthe theeclectic and maintain the District, promote history, to interpret opportunity District’s the reinforce strongly will actions these of Both themes. key street todelineate and conditions tobothdefine critical especially itis Larkin District Inthe neighborhoods. and spaces green of networks systems, transportation well functioning create Theycan identity. District relatedtothe toolsclosely arekey They inurbandistricts. features investments. The District should other and improvements, infrastructure Buffalo of City investments, Properties CityView by alreadycreated the energy to buildon termsuccess short to have andthenecessity use visionsfor theDistrict best and highest these between bestruck must Abalance development. of andprofits potential maximizethe site which uses forthe higher andbetter thatdilutetheDistrict’sattract developments abilityto guidelines. characterist These positive and development basicdesign incorporates that of zoning mechanisms the through andreinforced notprotected are ifthey Larkin District allatriskinthe are infrastructure existingbuilding and advantages, locational interpretation, forhistorical potential amenities, The Statement Problem Goal Gateways and streetthemes help to B. MAKEDISTINCTIVEGATEWAYS ANDSTREETTHEMES

and strategically locate key gateway gateway key locate strategically and avoid speculative demolition except except demolition speculative avoid create, retain and reinforce unique unique reinforce and retain create, to influence street and gateway streetandgateway toinfluence ics will get lost in typical modern typicalmodern in willgetlost ics reet themes is to create a set of asetof istocreate reet themes CHAPTER I: THE LARKIN DISTRICT PLAN RECOMMENDATIONS RECOMMENDATIONS PLAN LARKINDISTRICT THE CHAPTER I: neighborhoods. adjacent its to Buffalo documents callforasystemofgr District.Both theLarkin reaching neighborhoods ringof inner and theimmediate Downtown the onboth Planpolicies Comprehensive approved and does address the needed doesaddressthe and approved described in the described in is part TheLarkin District areas. strategies contained herein. strategies containedherein. the with consistent developments new well asinviting as promoted, be should area the of character historical the to contribute that structures of Thereuse structures. non-historic asinobsolete, appropriate, where District feeling empty. The City of Buffalo’s Buffalo’s of City The empty. feeling District the of much leaving uses fromdeveloping, non-industrial discouraged have regulations These usedevelopment. mixed promote donot District the in development future affecting regulations andother zoning Current Status Current between bothareas. Exchange Streetconnects to downtownBuffalo Comprehensive Plan Comprehensive of “The East Side Rail Corridor” Corridor” Rail Side “The East of . The eat streetsconnec the Larkin District and serves as agateway investmentsin Queen City Hub City Queen Comprehensive Plan specific strategic strategic specific ting Downtown plan focuses hasbeen B. Make Distinctive Gateways 9 and Street Themes

along Fillmore Street. along Fillmore Street. ntial structure for the Street. This would be ge Streets, and at Swan g the edge of the District. This propose a circle to allow for the town. Dramatic arrival points should h and east along Seneca g traffic from the north to the District. One pote ch of the intersection corners, welcoming visitors visitors welcoming corners, intersection of ch the and Parkway System. The twenty year restoration the automobile, and actually seen as a dramatic and Parkway System calls for Fillmore and Seneca on of Hamburg and Exchan the Seneca route were two that remain viable today. As an the District and promote it as a place of innovation and design. lar entrances off of the I-190 at Smith Street, at th e intersection be well marked with signage provided at several locations on the iginally planned Parkway, and will

is one of the eastern gateways to the District. It is the most used intersection to

Smith and Exchange Streets Fillmore and Seneca Streets What differentiatesWhat thisgateway from Smith and Exchange its historyStreetis as part of the designed, but never fully executed, Olmsted Park and management plan for this part of the Park Streets to be developed as the or Parkway to extend both down Fillmore to the sout maintained either by the Buffalo Olmsted Parks Conservancy or by the New York State oned several ways envisi to cross Olmsted the Buffalo While River, of Transportation. Department the Fillmore/Smith Street route and Olmstedian circle, this intersection should be an interpretive historical gateway with perhaps a water feature or unique centerpiece in the Circle. Like the pylons proposed to the South, additional detail and opportunity for interpretation should emerge as pedestrians approach the circle. of Fillmore and Seneca Streets, at the intersecti then be established marking vehicu This is also a major eastern edge gateway drawin enter or leave the site due to the I-190 exits along Smith Street enter or leavealon the site due to site has great potential for a signature gateway in gateway could be a series of electronic poles on ea site. designate the could These into The pylons should be designed to be read from feature from both the 1-190 and from the railroad overpass after Hamburg on Exchange Street. At the same time, the gateway should be visible and interesting to pedestrians, with detail in the artifact and landscape emerging as one approaches them. Strategies to The Larkin District: Make Gateways at Key Entry Points The arrival to the District should down I-190, the Kensington Expressway , and throughout Street. • This intersection •

CHAPTER I: THE LARKIN DISTRICT PLAN RECOMMENDATIONS

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t i m S the Fillmore and Seneca Streets Streets and Seneca Fillmore the Western Gateway Eastern Gateway An image proposedStreets of the Exchange and Hamburg Gateway. Gateway. Gateway. A proposed Olmstedian circle at 10 B. Make Distinctive Gateways and Street Themes bus. car or will createabetterexperienceforall -whethertheyare onfoot,abicycle,orin the gateways, for signage well asinterpretive surfaceas road a repaved sidewalks, and maintained and improved thedistin toenhance canbepreserved overpass should beredesignedtofriendlier,moreinvi thisunderpass greenspace, andpotential Building Administration Larkin theformer near location isindisrepair.Asan ground, andtheroadwayitself with landscape features. care andspecial District, the announce that signs directional from benefit would All suchgateways intothe District. ofthemultipleways theimportance Itisnecessarytorecognize Larkin District. complim orentry points gateways Several secondary • This District. the into toenter order well lit,in andisnot ispoorlymaintained, clearance, alow thathas underpass arailroad must travelbeneath Users ofSwanStreet uninviting. and maintained poorly iscurrently Street onSwan This gateway • • therailcrossing. andfollows that precedes buildingstock industrial aswelladramatic downtown from District Larkin to the offers avista This entryislikelydependentonpaint,signage, entering condition athirdgateway This represents Secondary Gateways theRailroadOverpass Swan Streetand Streets Hamburg Exchange and CHAPTER I: THE LARKIN DISTRICT PLAN RECOMMENDATIONS RECOMMENDATIONS PLAN LARKINDISTRICT THE CHAPTER I: landscape and good maintenance. Exchange Street Street Exchange maintenance. good and landscape underpass is long, forc islong, underpass ting, and cleaner. The industrial character of the the of character Theindustrial cleaner. and ting, the District from the west on Exchange Street. Street. Exchange on fromthewest District the ent and reinforce the primary gateways into the the into gateways primary the andreinforce ent ctiveness of the gateway. However, lighting, lighting, However, ofthegateway. ctiveness entrance into the District, especially given its given especially intotheDistrict, entrance ing roadway users below below users roadway ing should beused to should enhancethisentrance. into theLarkin District. Paint, Hamburg Street crosses overExch cantly enhance thisarrival experience. New lights,signage, landscape an The railroadoverpass onSwan Street isdark anddeteriorating. banners,landscape, and signage d maintenance would signifi- ange Street at this gateway B. Make Distinctive Gateways 11 and Street Themes

ow roadway, Seneca Street Street Seneca roadway, ow wntown. Even in these conditions, trees, benches, street with complete t many parking lots and setbacks to its have a traffic calming affect, slowing s, bus stops, benches, and green park s will help to tie neighborhoods together k after work. Incorporating housing and ll with fencing and landscape elements e automobile. Metered parking should be smaller parcel size and narr lighting, street amenities like benches, planters, garbage Seneca Street Exchange Street however, there should be an effort to avoid “stranded” retail or commercial service establishments. The pedestrian environmen nodes of access connecting building entrie like areas related to parking lots should connect these car oriented businesses and allow for them to experience the benefits of foot traffic from employment centers in the area even as they accommodate th With its many storefronts, lends itself to being developed with a pedestrian orientation. Increasing the sidewalks, pedestrian scale cans, and banners can help to transform Seneca street into a place where people will enjoy the walk to lunch or for a drin some green spaces to create a center around the already unique street configurations of Seneca and Swan Street Unlike Seneca Street, Exchange Street has buildings that promote a development style that is more car or vehicular oriented. While not doing anything to prohibit pedestrians from this area, this is a good Thruway the to adjacency the thrive on that development of types the put to place and the immediate access to and from do allowed along Exchange Street. This will vehicles down and increasing pedestrian safety. in a manner consistent with their development history. Development here should avoid the curb cuts and set backs characteristic of suburban development and concentrate on the “9 minute to retail” crowd that will be working in the District as well the residential enclaves that will rely on the area as a commercial service area. Where such setbacks and parking es tablishments are required, every effort should be made to hold the street wa including street trees on 30 foot centers where possible. Let Historic Land Uses and Scale Establish “Street Themes” Seneca and Exchange Streets have historically served very different purposes in the District and provide the basis to implement the aspiration for the mix of uses future.proposedfor the District’s • • CHAPTER I: THE LARKIN DISTRICT PLAN RECOMMENDATIONS be seen in the bottom in seen be Seneca Street in the Future Seneca Street Now Seneca Street Now an scale lighting, can an scale This section of Seneca Street, looking towards looking towards Street, of Seneca section This nce the vibrancy of the street. New design design New the street. of vibrancy nce the CityView Properties redevelopment site. site. redevelopment Properties CityView Seneca Street reconstruction will help enha will reconstruction Seneca Street features such as benches, trees, and pedestri and benches, trees, such as features rendering of a concept design for the street. the street. concept design for of a rendering future a west of just downtown, is 12 C. Improve Transportation Systems Exchange Street as a no asa Street Exchange with poor, considered many with best fair at District’s Much ofthe past. designed differentlythen theyhave been in the mustbe amenities transportation the destination, asa area the into andpeople businesses bring to District Forthe neighborhoods. surrounding and between downtown,the I-190 thruway as thoroughfares act District the throughout roadways of the Many neighborhood. modern eclectic ofan is notwellsuitedfortheintentions The transportationsystem Statement Problem transportation systemfortheDistrict a create will that options and guidelines provide to is goal plan work The Goal transportation systemwith the make up sidewalksthat and pathways roadways, tothe be given andfocusmust attention that reasons of the arejustsome points These an experi willcreate transportation, of mode their what matter no destinations, to way their find to easily hand, informs a systemthat usersto other where theyareorallowsthem the On stays. visits orpleasant return useitdoesnotpromote who those or confuses frustrates that system Atransportation area. an perceives howaperson caninfluence streetscape sidewalks oranunattractive andjudgeonth willnotice that people place ofa firstfeatures ofthe isone infrastructure transportation The C. IMPROVETRANSPORTATION SYSTEMS This indicates that there has been a lackof a hasbeen that there This indicates roadways are considered considered roadways are tably better exception. tably betterexception. theLarkinDistrict. in of theLarkinDistrict ence many would enjoytorepeat. ence manywould that is inclusive, logical and unique. and unique. that isinclusive,logical eir visit. Bumpy roads,broken eir visit.Bumpy CHAPTER I: THE LARKIN DISTRICT PLAN RECOMMENDATIONS RECOMMENDATIONS PLAN LARKINDISTRICT THE CHAPTER I: ans orbicycles. Roadways in the Larkin Distriin theLarkin Roadways destination are in dire need of repair or are missingaltogether. or are ofrepair indireneed are destination aunique create useand pedestrian promote featuresthat or streetscape Sidewalks,crosswalks tomany. inaccessible or uninviting feeling area the butleaves commerce, and of industry ahub being wellas area served the had This system others. orlimiting excluding while level ofservices and functions certain tomeet was designed that system transportation Dist the of nature industrial The experience. transportation pleasant a create to isneeded more and much years the over investment transportation preserved intheirpathandpurpose. preserved in 1804.Theseroadwayshavebeenlargely the VillageofBuffalo original namesandstreetalignments Rivers andLakeErie. Buffalo and Niagara the - Water the and Vaux, & Olmsted of firms the designed by laid outbyJosephElli street system the radial between relationship CityofBuffalo’s historic reflects the District Larkin the around and in infrastructure transportation The Status Current ct were designedfor truck traffic andnot for pedestri- Swan, Seneca and Swan, Senecaand cott, theparkand parkway system rict in the past has produceda in thepast rict from Joseph Ellicott’s designs for trict’s transportation system. Larkin District is part of the Dis- the An inactive line through rail Eagle Streets are

13 C. Improve Transportation Systems

d constructed in such a strict and the proximity to the e site bringing potential people and customers. customers. and people potential bringing e site elters can be designed an serve as the heart of the District is overdue and within the District. These bus routes can create good to excellent conditio n along Exchange Street ong the southern edge of the Di

way as to reinforce and identify a vision of the Larkin District which would help to inform people visiting. worth and special someplace entered they have that The location of the I-190 thruway al Smith Street and Hamburg Street on/off ramps is a great asset for regional access to the District potentialwith the draw people to off of the thruwaylarger into District.up and opensa This customer base for the District’s businesses. While the transportation system supports ample amounts of commuter traffic through the District, the District fails to identify itself as someplace worth stopping. The District is also surrounded on three sides by active and inactive rail lines which provide amenities to the site for those industries using them. However, they also bring a problems associated with railroad noise and vacant land. The sidewalk system in the Larkin District is in and fair to poor condition along Seneca Street, as well as throughout much of the remainder of the District. There are also no designated routes or facilities for bicyclists. There are a number of bus lines, but no centralized transfer point. There are few bus shelters and the existing shelters are poorly maintained. Strategies Bus Routes There are several bus routes that move through th Cooperation with the Niagara Frontier Transportation Authority (NFTA) is encouraged to keep these routes running through the heart of the District while at the same time improving the ability for riders to transfer between differing routes additional potential for site development. Work should also be done to improve upon the infrastructure of the transit routes. Bus stops and sh Seneca Street Reconstruction Seneca Street (NYS Route 16) was rated by the Greater Buffalo-Niagara Regional Transportation Council (GBNRTC) as in fair or poor condition based on the segment of roadway in the District. roadwayThis makes theeligiblecomplete for a reconstruction. BeingNYS Routemakes a also this project a high priority for the GBNRTC. The total reconstruction of this road which would CHAPTER I: THE LARKIN DISTRICT PLAN RECOMMENDATIONS A typical bus stop in the Larkin District. District. Larkin the in stop bus typical A There are several public bus routes serving the residentspublicservingroutes and the There bus several are Larkin businesses in District. the 14 C. Improve Transportation Systems project getsdone. ensure the 2006-2010 isasmartwayto for Plan Improvement newTransportation GBNRTC’s includedinthe thisproject A pushtoget District. tothe entrance atthe for passengers point transfer a providing busroutes, of two intersection the as location same in the fall to also happens circle in.The people tall, drawing stand and toemerge District ofthe asymbol become to the potential Fillmore, Smith and Seneca Streets Fillmore, SmithandSeneca along expansions System Olmsted Parkway well as the as Street Exchange along bike routes of installation the supporting or Promoting Street. Seneca constructed newly a into or lanes routes facilitatesbicyclingandtheyfeelwe infrastructure the where places inclinedtovisit more are Bicyclists bike. by orvisit tocommute people encourage parking,isto and infrastructure on savemoney and area, the into people to bring way Another Bike Systems north andsouthparksystemsatth in building Exchange at theLarkin With gateway. itwithagrand provide but can backbone atrue with District provide the onlycan not Street Seneca afterwork. out hang or to walktolunch people where become theplace Itcan window. office their gazing out worker to the bicyclist the from of everyone, wouldenhancetheexperience The improvements history andfuture. unique thisDistrict’s topromote amenities andanyother signage sidewalks, benches, trees, lighting, necessary to branding the District as a destination. This is an opportunity to redesign the road, or otherfacilities.This g parkin directpeopleto time, signageshould the same At attractions. businessesand topromote help finding can District,way the arrive into Once people Signage parks. Olmsted andthe the waterfront downtown, through system bike regional existing spaces, getting the most out of money already spent and saving money from buildingmore. from money andsaving spent already money out of most the getting existing spaces, it comestofindingapa when people’s frustrations will assure that the Larkin Distri thatthe will assure e intersection of Seneca Street and Fillmore Avenue, provides ofSenecaStreetAvenue, provides e intersection andFillmore CHAPTER I: THE LARKIN DISTRICT PLAN RECOMMENDATIONS RECOMMENDATIONS PLAN LARKINDISTRICT THE CHAPTER I: lcome. This can be done through designating bike bike through designating lcome. Thiscanbedone the backdrop, an Olmstedian circle, linking the the anOlmstedian linking circle, backdrop, the rking space. It can also improve the efficiency of of efficiency the also improve Itcan space. rking ct is connected to the local and ct isconnectedtothelocal has the abilitytoease has

This is a typical bike lane design. a is bikelanedesign. typical This increase pedestrian safety. ofbus stops,and the location indicate District, Signage can increase the vi sibility of theLarkin

15 C. Improve Transportation Systems

ill increase safety and an amenities into the the into amenities an d busy intersections w e those that occur outside of the car. It is bs at key locations in the District. These hubs sant. One way to do this is through signage. signage. is through do this One way to sant. d incorporating pedestri District will not only better connect the Larkin intersection of Fillmore Avenue, Seneca Street, alo-Niagara region, but will enhance the region’s cycling facilities, and pedestrian amenities. on of the Plan are included in the Recommended space would serve as a gateway into the District, as well a character of the District.

s which serve as gateways into the District will make the District more enhance the pedestrian friendly Creating a new Olmstedian traffic circle at the and Smith Street. This added green traffic calming measure. underpasse Enhancing welcoming. Creating alternative multimodal transportation hu should include public transit/bus stops, bi Enhancing pedestrian crosswalks at important an Another way is through traffic calming designs an therefore important to make these experiences plea streetscape. Cars moving alongalways drive faster than they should. This wide open roads will creates a street that is a barrier and not a connection. The solution to this problem does not have to be lights or stop signs, but can be accomplished through design features. Some examples of design features include designated bike lanes, tree plantings lining streets, identifiable pedestrian crosswalks, on street parking and narrow traffic lanes. Traffic Calming The experiences that people remember the most ar Long-Term Potential for Airport-Downtown Rail There are several studies being done by the NFTA or independent organizations to provide a light rail connection from downtown to the airport. While many years away, most proposals focus on using the existing railroad right-of-ways to make the connection. This would bring the route through the District, perhaps just two blocks from the intersection of Swan and Seneca Streets. Promotion of such a route and station within the District to potential area visitors and the Buff livability and status as a unique destination. Recommended Transportation Improvements All of the strategies described in this secti Transportation Improvements Plan, as well as: • • • • CHAPTER I: THE LARKIN DISTRICT PLAN RECOMMENDATIONS Carroll Street is paved with brick, which adds to the areas the areas adds to which brick, with paved is Carroll Street historic to slow down automobile and helps character, traffic. 16 D. Create a Network of Green Spaces for people in the District. for peoplein ra and wind snow, sun, from shelter provide to helps which infrastructure, green andother of trees The lack and relax. play to elsewhere must travel they that means area The lackof to relaxandmeet. people for spaces green afewsmall only are there time, same the land. At parcels large contains The District Statement Problem landuses. between buffers and serveas needs the thatmeet amenities special enhan and visionoftheDistrict, thehistory thatreinforce spaces green goalistocreate The workplan Goal oftheDistrict. attributes historical preserve and of thesite them spaces Thegreen and pathways. trails through totheDistrict withaccess providepeople They canalso to relax. be places can and children tobring places can be spaces Green office workers, amenities for recreational much-needed alsoprovide parks. Itwould of scarcity a with area an feelin natural welcoming, visualassetsanda strong create Districtwould theLarkin throughout greenspaces of A network D. CREATE ANETWORKOFGREENSPACES under maintained to the point that few people use them anymore. anymore. them use people few that point the to under maintained abandoned or an the I-190 abutting spaces inundeveloped placed these parks are edge. Bothof southern ofth edge northern the One ison ofinvestment. alack from has suffered maintenance whose parks public unprogrammed twosmall and owns County area,Erie study the Within Status Current visitors, and residents alike. visitors, andresidents ce the visual environment, provide provide the visualenvironment, ce railroad track and e District and theotheris onthe e District in, can create a harsh environment environment aharsh can create in, of underutilizedformerindustrial amenities for the residents of the of residents, workersandvisitors, of selves can contain unique aspects contain uniqueaspects can selves CHAPTER I: THE LARKIN DISTRICT PLAN RECOMMENDATIONS RECOMMENDATIONS PLAN LARKINDISTRICT THE CHAPTER I: both areseriously it. surrounding neighborhoods the for thruway the abufferfrom providingfor sideofit, oneither of land TheI-190 of wayruns. railroad right a thecenterofwhich manyacresthrough isemptyfor Larkin District the of section eastern The south right-of-ways. railroad the and around isin land vacant land.Other industrial isformer District Much ofthe an has District also The Larkin residents alike. and employees utilized bylocal raceparkmill is whilethe residents, local The Ro part ofthemillrace. was once and neighborhood, residential Roseville the asmallparkin owns andmaintains now Properties CityView One ofthe railroad RightofWays in theDistrict that can serve as overabundance ofunderutilizedland. thruway has very generous amounts thruway hasverygenerousamounts seville green space isutilizedby greenspace seville a park on Exchange Street that that Street Exchange on a park a green spacecorridor. 17 D. Create a Network of Green Spaces

Circle can and shouldcan Circle and d south parkways will converge d south parkwayswill and Fillmore Avenue, and would the vicinity of the area at the intersection of the circle and Larkin District. As with the public park, providing a place to gather, sit, eat at key intersections, gateways, and along the right-of-ways are very wide, providing for the will create a marketable amenity to developable building campus. The design of Larkin Square park systems. Specific elements include: th direct links to the Larkin at Exchange building r the completion of the unfinished Olmstedian surrounding buildings, Larkin e Olmsted planned to connect the north and south eet extending both to downtown grand tree-lined Olmsted north an teresting and beautiful buildings and landscapes. connection between the North and South Buffalo be surrounded by unique, in historic Hydraulic Canal route. It also calls fo Strategies The Plan recommends a system of open spaces Larkin Square A public gathering space should be developed in Seneca and Swan Streets which could become one of the main focal points in the District. This area would be designed as the heart of the District wi campus, the whole of Seneca Str Larkin Circle The site at Fillmore and Seneca Streets is wher park and parkway systems. The surrounding street possibility of constructing an Olmstedian circle. Larkin Circle’s design could be a reflection of the vision for the Larkin District, showcasing its history and providing a symbolic gateway into the District. At the new circle, act as a grand entrance to the Larkin Administration Building site and interpretation center. Its design would resemble a public square more then a lunch and relax close to the Larkin at Exchange should enhance development around its edges. Parts of the site should be used for outdoor seating within the plaza creating a café like setting without the proximity of the roadway to bother anyone. District vibrancy of the and enhance the This will adjacent parcels. As significant buildings near this site, such as the fire house, age or become obsolete, green space should be given consideration as a subsequent use. and create a unique address and amenity to those sites along its edge. The buildings around the circle should, through design, reflect and reinforce other circles within the city of Buffalo and their ned by CityView Properties. Properties. by CityView ned CHAPTER I: THE LARKIN DISTRICT Olmsted’s original designs for the circles in Buffalo. (Source: (Source: Buffalo. in circles the for designs original Olmsted’s The Buffalo Olmsted Parks Conservancy) ow is in Roseville space This green 18 D. Create a Network of Green Spaces future, the demand for the park may increase. Th future, thedemandforparkmayincrease. providingit and frametheparkwhile will reinforce locations d southofthepark.Buildingsinthese westan sitestothe development potential are There down andrelax.Thewellmaintained of isone the area.It in andisajewel in place Ren at thecornerofVan Mill RaceParkissituated • infrastructure. canal original of the some reveal could that investigation an archaeological for opportunity the anelem toexperience places unique orinteresting butcanprovide canal ofthe path theexact notfollow could This trail Street. andSeneca Carroll was constr Street Hydraulic the system. to element ALP Steelbuilding.Aninterpreti influence ofthe east, onecanseethe Streetlooking canal onthe exist. FromLarkin old canalstill the theedgeof lined that ruinsofbuildings some where of LarkinStreet justwest include thearea should path the Sitesalong today. District the influence to ithasandcontinues time seehow toand walk followpath the of the old canal system be Trail can The hydraulicsHeritage Hydraulics HeritageTrail ployees in the LarkinDistrict. Mill Race Park on Exchange Street is Mill RacePark agathering spaceforresidents and em- ve element can be added tothe ve elementcanbeadded a system of signs, parks orinterp a systemofsigns, gardens also help create a pleasurable experience for itsusers. for experience create apleasurable gardensalsohelp the few places in the District where someone can sit sit can someone where District the in places few the CHAPTER I: THE LARKIN DISTRICT PLAN RECOMMENDATIONS RECOMMENDATIONS PLAN LARKINDISTRICT THE CHAPTER I: ory. There may even be be Theremayeven history. District’s ofthe ent sselear andExchan erefore, a small expansion of the park may be be may park of the asmallexpansion erefore, s users with some shelter from the wind. Inthe the wind. s userswithsomeshelterfrom ucted partiallyon top old ofthe canal between through the Larkin District, whileatthesame District, theLarkin through Mill Race Park creating another Mill RaceParkcreating an interpretive trail. an interpretive race withintheparkas part of mill the for interpretationof tobe.There isthe opportunity used from theHydraulic Canal race themill of thesitewhere The park lies ontop necessary. retive features that allow users users allow that features retive ge Street. This park is already already ge Street.Thisparkis

http://ah.phpwebhosting.com/h/eastside/hydraulics.html) http://ah.phpwebhosting.com/h/eastside/hydraulics.html) Buffalo of History (Source: lics. the Hydrau- including in Buffalo, A mapofhistoric neighborhoods E. Land Use Plan 19

dustrial and rail lands, other ed from much of the study area— Larkin District study area is both ; low density (one- and two-family)

Current Status The existing land use pattern of the eclectic and sparse. Existing uses include commercial office space, most notably along the Exchange Street spine; limited neighborhood retail and service businesses along Seneca Street housing along the edges of the District to the north, south, and east; and large amounts of underutilized in transportation-related rights-of-way, and surface parking. While this list contains diverse use groups, the preponderance of parking and other unimproved open tracts of lands gives parts of the area a desolate feel. In addition, there are other uses typically represented in healthy urban districts that are preclud most notably higher density housing, mixed uses within buildings, and community facilities. character of the Larkin District, and reduce the types of street front uses and the number of people on the streets. Current zoning laws prevent mixed use buildings and use neighborhoods. Underused industrial buildings are disconnected by vacant land in the LarkinUnderused industrial the These buildings District. land in disconnected by vacant are buildings and land should redeveloped. be characteristics as CHAPTER I: THE LARKIN DISTRICT PLAN RECOMMENDATIONS . These comprehensive plan e City of Buffalo’s comprehensive ke, including such e basic elements found in successful is to facilitate and encourage, facilities with few employees Queen City in the 21st Century relative height and massing of structures, are provided in the implementation of the recommendations in this section. The “Land Use Plan” will require amendments to th plan, amendments, in turn, provide the foundation and planning rationale to support the proposed zoning map and text amendments specified below. The Planned Land Use Map shows the land use recommendations. E. LAND USE PLAN The Land Use Plan translates the concepts, goals, and objectives developed for the Larkin District and vicinity into specific land use policies. The Plan applies many of th urban districts to the specific characteristics, needs, and constraints of the area. This section identifies recommendations for land use patterns and provides the overallparameters fortheir development—including the function of the area as a part of downtown Buffalo and the larger citywide and regional setting, its general boundaries, allowed use groups and location of parking. The recommendations for the form that the build out of these land uses should ta Goal The work plan goal for land use through City policy and legislation, a land use pattern that includes a healthy mix of uses and provides for enough density to create a vibrant urban environment. Problem Statement Vacant storefronts and storage create stretches of seemingly dead street fronts. Surface parking and driveways add to the lack of vibrancy on some streets. New developments are out of character with the historic parts of the Larkin District. They detract from the dense, historic, urban 20 E. Land Use Plan or underutilizedlandinstrategi recommendation provides The plan Redevelop StrategicUnderutilized Sites • • • • • Land Use2010embracesth The Planned Use2010 Planned Land Strategies personal serve establishments (e.g. drycleaners,hair establishments personal serve restaura uses mayinclude Neighborhood commercial UseDevelopment Allow Mixed • • • organizations. grassroots other with collaboration work Alliance, Planning Neighbors Good Buffalo’s and facilities ofcommunity Future development proposed. are term, and long term short the in of greenspaces, Development visual character. meet to able be may spaces of green A series developedtomeetthegr the millraceparkinLarkinDistrict,shouldbe likethedayc facilities, uses. Additionalcommunity for retail/dining location isalogical Street Smith and Street at Exchange site gateway important The

Creating mixed use residential/commercial areas. useresidential/commercial mixed Creating areas. mixed usecommercial/industrial Creating Street. Seneca along usesbeenhanced retail floor ground Recommending Street. ofSeneca upperfloors and Street Exchange usealong Adding office perimeter. usesaround the District’s Preserving residential aspired density increases based on market demands. onmarket based increases aspired density An office/retailbuildingat CarrollandExchange Streets. Exchange and ofSmith corner northeast the at development Retail Street. oppositeth structure office commercial A new

c locations which will include: whichwillinclude: c locations s for contextually appropriate redevelopment of existing vacant vacant of existing redevelopment appropriate contextually s for e area’s mixed use character by: usecharacter e area’smixed demand qualityof and theDistrict’s lifeand demand enhance CHAPTER I: THE LARKIN DISTRICT PLAN RECOMMENDATIONS RECOMMENDATIONS PLAN LARKINDISTRICT THE CHAPTER I: are center in the Larkin at Exchange building and Exchange building at theLarkin are centerin greenspaces should be based on findings from bebasedonfindingsfrom should greenspaces ing with the Valley Community Association, and Community ing withtheValley salons, barber shops), medical clinics, day care barbershops), medical salons, e Larkin at Exchange building on Exchange on building atExchange e Larkin nts, retail stores, small businessesandoffices, nts, retailstores, Streets, which should be developed to meet bedevelopedtomeet should Streets, which owing District’s needs. building may after building look renovation. going to be is renovated. Thebottompicture how the illustrates This building onSeneca Street, contro lled byCityView Properties, Renovation After Now Now

21 E. Land Use Plan

industrial or other noxious uses that would be ighborhood commercialwould be located uses to the zoning law which remove regulatory create or become a nuis ance or hazard to the d either above or to the rear of commercial uses. A design new Mill Commons. for the Race centers and other incidental uses which will not surrounding uses or neighborhood. Typically, the ne at street level or above, with residential uses situate Care must be taken in the design of buildings to ensure that residents would not be impacted by commercial activities, especially service-type commercial and restaurant uses. Restrict New Incompatible Uses Zoning revisions are needed to prohibit new heavy incompatible with residential and other sensitive uses. Provide Incentives for Adaptive Reuse The City of Buffalo should consider amendments impediments and create incentives for property owners to take advantage of adaptive reuse opportunities for architecturally or historically significant structures. CHAPTER I: THE LARKIN DISTRICT PLAN RECOMMENDATIONS Existing structures adjacent to the Larkin at Exchange building warehousing,are occupied by shipping, and outletretail businesses. Commercial office development opposite the Larkin at Ex- development oppositeCommercial Larkin at office the em- firms, of mass critical a create help change building will activity. ployees, and street 22 E. Land Use Plan • • • • • • • pr is investment the private services toreinforce and infrastructure in investments public potential addition, In Properties. CityView by controlled properties is on Plan inthe listidentified project specific and the recommendations Plan’s of the a visionforthe presents revitalization District 2010MarketPlan The Larkin MarketPlan2010 Larkin District • • • • listincludes: The project futureinvestmentinthearea. company’s

The Mill Race Park on Exchange Str The MillRaceParkon improvements. Parkway Olmstedian and circle traffic Olmstedian anew of construction The and SmithStreets. Griffin between Street Exchange on multistoryoffice/retail of development forthe opportunity The retail use. foroffice/ SenecaStreets and Carroll Streetbetween ofasiteonHydraulic The redevelopment circle. Olmstedian proposed the near Street Seneca on mixed useproject a of redevelopment The Street. approaching Smith Street onSeneca developments Potential ofandeast Seneca Street Emslie Street. north development a it represents term the short In changes. firestation theexisting of location futureifthe inthe space public gathering for location a good be may area This Square. Larkin at a greenspace of creation term long potential The The possible adaptive reuse of a property on Seneca Street near the future Olmstedian circle. circle. futureOlmstedian the near Street on Seneca of aproperty reuse adaptive possible The Larkin District. into the mark theentrance to Streets and Smith Exchange of the intersection at structures of distinctive The development Roseville. areain recreation an outdoor The developmentof Race CommonsonExch The developmentofMill eet and Van Rensselear Streets. CHAPTER I: THE LARKIN DISTRICT PLAN RECOMMENDATIONS RECOMMENDATIONS PLAN LARKINDISTRICT THE CHAPTER I: ovided. Thisrepresents ovided. between Emslie Street and Lord Street, and Street,and andLord EmslieStreet between land holding strategy, anticipating housing housing anticipating holding strategy, land ange Street and Van Rensselear Streets. Rensselear ange StreetandVan the opportunities for the of the area. The focus area. of the A firestation at Swan Street andSeneca Street.

23 Plan Implementation

and officialswork close to the sses/eco/sb56/SUMMER.html) sses/eco/sb56/SUMMER.html) /pluto.fss.buffalo.edu/cla Many of the local government agencies local Many of the Down- The (Source: Buffalo. Downtown in Hall City at District Larkin town http:/ CHAPTER II: PLAN IMPLEMENTATION . ise over the course of time. In achieved through statements of of statements through achieved are necessary to achieve objectives. CHAPTER 2: PLAN IMPLEMENTATION CHAPTER 2: PLAN IMPLEMENTATION Introduction The objectives for the build out of the Larkin District that are outlined in the preceding chapters cannot be goals and principals alone. Goals and principles provide ongoing guidance, but action-basedstrategies The strategiesin this section described have been developed to implement the objectives of the Larkin District Plan. Implementation of the Plan will involve the legislative and administrative branches of government, citizen groups, community organizations, CityView Properties, and other members of the private business community. This chapter provides a summary of the implementation strategies. It groups and describes the action items and relative timeframes for completing projects. The implementation plan is also flexible enough to respond to opportunities that will ar addition, the actions have been defined as short-term, mid-term, or long term—providing for phased implementation 24 A. Sequencing and Responsibilities • • • • • Plan. theLarkinDistrict implement and chapter willgovernactions princi The out theguidingprinciples. Unique DistrictIdentity).Thestrategi a Create (e.g., goals understandable into Plan the of aspects group ar strategies. Theguidingprinciples and principles itsguiding are Plan District ofthe Larkin elements Key PlanElements of Organization A. SEQUENCINGANDRESPONSIBILITIES procedures to facilitate efforts to revitalize theDistrict. efforts torevitalize procedures to facilitate Strategies that define and design • fallintothre The strategies Strategies

Define CityView activities and those of outside entities. entities. outside of those and activities CityView Define initiatives. other with interdependencies project Document groups. between relationships anddefine strategies, action for specific entities other and organizations not-for-profit investors, private public agencies, including project stakeholders of and responsibilities Define roles steps. action implementation timingsequencesofspecific relative Indicate the steps orstrategiesrecommended Provide aneasily-understoodand Technical Capacity e basic approaches: typesof regulations, standards, programs and and programs standards, regulations, The purpose of this section is to: isto: section this of purpose The resource commitmentsneededto in the Larkin District Plan. District in theLarkin e broad statements of intent that that ofintent statements e broad es are mechanisms selected to carry selectedtocarry are mechanisms es accessible summary of the action ofthe action accessible summary ples and strategies listed in this this listedin andstrategies ples CHAPTER II: PLAN IMPLEMENTATION IMPLEMENTATION CHAPTER II:PLAN change. that to effect them with working and change toinitiate ability with the Thisapproachinvolves the District. of fortheneeds structure support the tostrengthen Assertive activities • projects. rehabilitation or District fornewconstruction the in ofresources Direct investment • Ten. in YearsSixthrough tobeimplemented expected those which would be Long-term strategies are Five. through Two in Years are thoseto be implemented items action One. Mid-term inYear should beinitiated immediate action items that as defined strategies are The short-term long-term. mid-term, and as short-term, ofstrategies timing relative Table assignsthe Elements ofPlanThe Priorities and Timing Relative Priorities Partnership Building Development Activities Plan. initiatives in The City of BuffaloComprehensive many ofthe Plan incorporates District The Larkin identifying individuals and groups andgroups individuals identifying A. Sequencing and Responsibilities 25 at the local and state of action plan category, relative priority and and priority relative category, plan of action ort of several key agencies the need to coordinate with a wide range of nts, accountability, and resources needed to tal improvements are seen as mid-term and long- e plan, it is recognized that this recommendation eation of an Olmstedian“Larkineationan Circle” at Fillmore of mmunity Association and St. Patrick’s Friary. CHAPTER II: PLAN IMPLEMENTATION The City of Buffalo Office of Strategic Planning The City of Buffalo Department of Public Works The Buffalo Landmark Society The Erie County Department of Public Works The New York State Department of Public Works The New York State Department of Transportation The New York State Historic Preservation Office In addition to these agencies, the cooperation of a number of local organizations will also be needed to implement this Plan, including the Valley Co It is important to note that some processes take longer than others do. For example, while the reconstruction of Seneca Street, including the cr Avenue and Smith Street, is a high priority for th will take time to implement. Therefore, most capi term efforts, while most zoning amendments are designated for immediate implementation as short-term efforts. The Priorities of Plan Elements Table provides the framework for putting the Plan recommendations into effect in terms of “what” and “when”, so that “who” can more easily be determined. Examples of strategies exemplifying partners include: the regulatory review and amendment process (e.g., zoning and other legislative actions) and the authorization of public funding required to realize the capital investment plan. The matrix identifies the recommendations in terms timing considerations, responsible entities, and further description of required actions when appropriate. It proactively identifies assignme implement the Plan. Many elements of the Plan will depend on the supp • • • • • • • level. These agencies include: The New York State Department of The New York State Transportationwould the lead reconstruction Seneca Street project. The Valley Community Association importantis partner an in developing neighborhood amenities the Larkin District. in 26 A. Sequencing and Responsibilities Priorities of Plan Elements PlanElements Priorities of 4. Useinnovative design inst 2. Adopt flexible zoning 3.Restrict incompatible uses B. Adopt zoning regulations consiste A. Make streetscape improvements at key gateways -Seneca Street“neighbor 1.Target marketingto design-related firms B. Promote the Larkin“District” 5. Adopt new zoning regulations an 1. Conduct cultural resour1. A. Capitalize on the History I. CreateaStrongIdentity Plan Element S II. D -Exchange Street “corpor 4. Developinterpretive programs 3. Publicly identify historic sites 2. Seekhistoric designation SenecaStreet and ExchangeStreet themes. C. Design and install streetscape features consistent with TREET EVELOP T HEMES D ISTINCTIVE

regulations hood” image ate” image ce inventory reetscape short- G eingieie. short-term d design guidelines. twt tettee. short-term ntwith street themes. ATEWAYS

AND

Relative Timing short- to mid-termshort- to CHAPTER II: PLAN IMPLEMENTATION IMPLEMENTATION CHAPTER II:PLAN Sequence short-term short-term short-term short-term short-term short-term short-term mid-term mid-term mid-term to

mid-term

Seneca Streetwill followNY

Amend use groups allowedin st and buildings. within districts mixed-use Encourage Oversee design ofimprovements, allocate funding. See aboveand connect as part of a Adoption ofbasezoning amen Description of Required Action(s) Action(s) Description ofRequired

ervation. Designguidelines Zoning should promote adapti ent media, consider evenent media,consider Based oninventory, create ed Determine potentialS/NR

See aboveand also connect as part of Design and installplaques, flags, banners, interpretive boards, art installations. Designate aslocal landmark and/or S/NR. Street Corridor Plan defined. defined. Plan Corridor Street Allocate funds in capitalbudgets and get in t programmingopportunities. eligibility ofproperties. should be developed specific S reconstructionschedule. ucational materials for diff ve reuse, contextual devel contextual reuse, ve dments and design guidelines. udy areazoningdistricts. larger Seneca StreetCorridor plan. a larger Seneca Street Corridor plan. frastructure elements ofbroader Seneca erent groups and in differ- opment, and historic pres- to the historical context. to the A. Sequencing and Responsibilities 27

good economic sense. good economic trolley trolley service. needed; develop distinctive Larkin Dis- distinctive develop needed; tes to be identified in the vision plan. vision plan. in the identified to be tes strian crossings and widen sidewalks. and widen sidewalks. crossings strian historic fabric and fabric and historic th Exchange Street th Exchange rth and south Olmsted park systems.rth stinctive gateways, and street themes. themes. street and gateways, stinctive d dedicated county park land. park land. county dedicated d sites. Consider housing infill as continuing sign of as continuing housing infill sites. Consider Larkin Circle and parkway between no between parkway and Larkin Circle enhance pede Provide on-street parking, integrate wi rail lines or Utilize existing Larkin Square. along rail lines and at Opportunities undevelope underutilized, Invest in Redevelop strategic underutilized the vision plan. to according District new life in the elements of remaining with Consistent Complete adaptive reuse projects for key si for key projects reuse adaptive Complete themes. street and gateways, distinctive history, with Consistent To remain consistent with history, di To remain consistent with history, Make schedule and routing improvements as routing and Make schedule shelters. bus trict and Larkin Main Street between car street rail or light surface construct and Design Plan. Corridor Street a full Se neca to expandable Circle, improvements. streetscape and Roadway Shared bikeway signage,racks. bike interpretation. and historic identity district with Consistent

CHAPTER II: PLAN IMPLEMENTATION long-term long-term long-term long-term long-term short-term short-term continuous short- to mid-term to mid-term short- short- to mid-term to mid-term short- short- to mid-term short- to mid-term short- to mid-term to mid-term short- short- to mid-term to mid-term short- short- to long-term short-

PACES

S YSTEMS LAN S REEN building stock. stock. building to mid-term short- P G SE OF U ng stock. ng stock.

AND d facilities. L port rail service ETWORK on improvements. on RANSPORTATION THE

N T A

UT O REATE MPROVE UILD 2. Exchange Street trolley service service trolley Street 2. Exchange 1. Improve bus service an bus 1. Improve C. Complete planned Olmsted parkway system connection system connection Olmsted parkway planned C. Complete mid-term A. Public transportati A. Public F. Initiate downtown-air parks new A. Create parks existing Enhance B. District. the construction in w Invest in infill/ne A. buildi rehabilitate Restore and B. to mid-term short- development mixed use C. Encourage reuse of existing adaptive E. Encourage D. Restrict incompatible uses. uses. incompatible Restrict D. III. I IV. C V. B B. Reconstruct and enhance Seneca Street Street Seneca enhance and B. Reconstruct bicycles for enhancements C. Make signage finding Way D. measures calming Traffic E. 28 Funding CHAPTER III: FUNDING FUNDING CHAPTER III: 29 Funding

Larkin District. These corner prop- corner These District. Larkin nd will continue to invest in the in invest to nd will continue CityView Properties Properties has a CityView and CarrollStreet will soon be redeveloped.erties Seneca between CHAPTER III: FUNDING ul implementation of the Larkin CHAPTER 3: FUNDING Introduction Funding is critical to the successf District Plan. Continued investment by private property owners, including CityView Properties, is critical to the achievement of the the in key element a is also investment Public District. the for vision revitalization of the area. The largest public infrastructure project contemplated in the Plan is a recommendation for the reconstruction of Seneca Street and the adjacent streetscape. This project requires the sponsorship, approval, and funding allocation by regional, state, and federal transportation agencies. This section provides information on a number of additional potential federal, state, and local public funding sources, and non-profit funding sources including local and national private foundations. 30 A. Funding Sources legislators. local through basis onayear-to-year provided grants item) (member LocalInitiatives through fundsmaybeavailable state programs, grant agency-specific tothe Inaddition (NYSDEC). Conservation YorkSt New andthe Transportation, of Department YorkState New the (OPRHP), Preservation Historic and Recreation YorkStateOfficeofParks, theNew Renewal (DHCR), of and Housing Community through Department the administered are project the for available potentially programs grant State New York New YorkState (HUD). Development Urban Housingand of Department U.S. andthe Administration, Development Economic Commerce of U.S.Department the theHumanities, for Endowment National (IMLS),the Museum andLibraryServices Instituteof (USEPA), the Agency Protection includetheU.S.Environmental These agencies sources offundsforvariouscomponen potential offer that programs havegrant federalagencies of A number Federal Agencies Public Sources A: FUNDINGSOURCES parks. and roads tocounty-owned improvements of fundingfor source a potential become would County the point which at over time, islikelyto improve condition costs. This oroperating capital, planning, appropriations for discretionary ofspecial anunlikely source is currently fund general County’s Erie and outlook, fiscalcondition poor Given its Erie County ate Department of Environmental Department ofEnvironmental ate ts of the Larkin District Plan. DistrictPlan. ts oftheLarkin CHAPTER III: FUNDING FUNDING CHAPTER III: neighborhood revitalization. revitalization. neighborhood and development oneconomic emphasis Plan’s District Larkin the on based funding of source potential a be may which program, (CDBG) Grant Block Development Community Development’s Urban and ofHousing Department U.S. the administers City the addition, budgetor In fund. general CityofBuffalo’s capital the through available be may amenities public the for costs operating or capital for Support City ofBuffalo opment Zone. opment Zone. ar District Some partsofthe Larkin e included in EconomicDevel- e in a Buffalo included 31 B. Funding Programs

The PCC provides a forum forbroad- based discussions of transportation issues and planning, the including programming of transportation federal funding for the region, and is a main avenue for public participation in the planning process. It is this group that Larkin entatives on the Planning and Mayor, City of BuffaloMayor, City of County Executive, Erie County FallsNiagaraMayor, City of Chairman, Niagara County Legislature Chairman, Niagara Frontier Transportation Authority Commissioner, New York State Department of Transportation Division Director, New York State Thruway Authority Much of the new housing inLarkinMuch of the new housing the District par- was Low Incometially Housing Tax Credits (LIHC) funded with

• • • • • • • Coordinating Committee (PCC). Representatives of the GBNRTC Policy Committee are: Funding for the GBNRTC is provided by both the Federal Highway Administration and the Federal Transit Administration. The GBNRTC’s Policy Committee guides the regional transportation planning process, assisted by its appointed repres CHAPTER III: FUNDING within the Larkin District should e Larkin District may be eligible. ment of Housing and Community st fits Western New York. Federal Low-Income Housing Credit Program (LIHC) New York State Low Income Housing Tax Credit Program (SLIHC) Homes for Working Families Program (HWF) Low Income Housing Trust Fund Program (HTF) New York State HOME Program (HOME) New York State Main Street Program Access to Home Program Urban Initiatives Program (UI) Residential Emergency Services to Offer Repairs to the Elderly Program (RESTORE)

B: FUNDING PROGRAMS Housing and Mixed Use Projects In 2006, the New York State Depart renewal administered multiple funding and financing programs for which housing and mixed-use projects in th These programs are listed below. A description of each of these funding opportunities is given in the appendix. • • • • • • • • • Transportation and Streetscape Transportation and streetscape projects be coordinated with The Greater Buffalo-Niagara Regional Transportation Council (GBNRTC). The GBNRTC is the interagency transportation planning group which establishes policies and programs for Erie and Niagara Counties. The organization provides a regional decision-making forum for the development of a multi-modal, integrated transportation system that be 32 B. Funding Programs • • • appendix. the isgivenin of each below.Adescription listed are These businesses. andits District the Larkin to beneficial be thatmay place in programs development economic are several There Economic Development asdiscussedintheappendix. incentives, and financial opportunities (S/NR).S/NRlisti Places Historic of Register Larkin SoapCompany, andFrank Lloyd Wright are Buffa the with whether sitesassociated determine to prepared be area the of inventory resource a cultural that Plan recommends District The Larkin Historic Preservation Plan. of theDistrict element Project Reconstruction Street Seneca the regarding approach should sponsors Plan District Community Development Entities (CDE) (CDE) Entities Development Community New Market TaxCredits (NMTC) Zone Empire

ng is a prerequisite for a number of funding funding of ng isaprerequisitefornumber lo Creek Reservation, the Hydraulic Canal, the the Canal, the Hydraulic Reservation, Creek lo eligible for listing on the State and National andNational on theState eligible forlisting CHAPTER III: FUNDING FUNDING CHAPTER III: St. Patrick’s Friary may be elig be may Friary Patrick’s St. ible for historic designation. designation. historic for ible 33 B. Funding Programs

CHAPTER III: FUNDING