Learn More About The Erie , the Branch & Our Canal Heritage in Perspective

Compiled by Preston E. Pierce Ontario County Historian 2018

Each of these publications is readily available at your local school or public library, or through their Interlibrary Loan programs. Some of them can be accessed on the Internet. A few others can be found at the Ontario County Historical Society, or purchased at the Society bookstore. Most are available from on-line booksellers.

This is not a comprehensive bibliography. There are many other publications about the New York State canal system in all media formats. Some, however, are difficult to obtain. These sources are widely available and provide broad coverage of the subject. They focus on New York State, the Region in particular, and include a few general references to provide perspective.

General History and the Perspective of Other States (Pennsylvania):

Drago, Harry Sinclair. Canal Days in America: The History and Romance of Old Towpaths and Waterways. New York. Bramhall House. 1972. [A general look at all Northeastern canals, the is featured. This is a good book for perspective on the “canal era” in America.]

Ellis, David M; James A. Frost; Harold C. Syrett and Harry J. Carman. "Building the Transportation Network." A History of New York State. Ithaca, NY. Cornell Univ. Press. 1967. pp. 244-255.

Harlow, Alvin F. Old Towpaths: The Story of the American Canal Era. Washington, DC. Westphalia Press. 2014. (1ed. A. Appleton Co. 1926; Reprint Kennicat Press. 1964.) [This paperback reprint provides brief overviews of many American canals and is often called a classic introduction to the subject.]

Jacobs, Harry A. The Juniata Canal and Old Portage Railroad. Holidaysburg, PA. Original publication by Blair County Historical Soc. 1941. Repr. 1997. [A slim 31-page booklet, the author was Past President of the Blair County Historical Society when he originally wrote the booklet as a 1934 paper. Brief account of the canal and its significance focusing on the Portage Railroad.]

Kapsch, Robert J. Over the Alleghenies: Early Canals and Railroads of Pennsylvania. West Virginia Univ. Press. Morgantown, WV. 2015. [This massive 449-page book is filled with color and black & white illustrations, charts, and documents relating to the various efforts to

April 14, 2018 edition Page 1 establish highways, canals and railroads the length of Pennsylvania. Indexed with extensive bibliography and notations.]

Lewie, Chris J. Two Generations on the Allegheny Portage Railroad: The First Railroad to Cross the Allegheny Mountains. Shippensburg, PA. Burd Street. Press 2001. [This regionally published paperback tells the story of the Portage Railroad from a family and community perspective.]

McCullough, Robert and Walter Leuba. The Pennsylvania Mainline Canal. York, PA. American Canal and Transportation Ctr. 1976. [A well-written history with many images of the Pennsylvania canals and their remains in the 1950s. Particularly good account of the “canal boom” of the 1820s and its impact on the state.]

National Park Service. US Dept. of Interior. Allegheny Portage Railroad. DVD. 19 min. Color. [This is the orientation film used at the Allegheny Portage Railroad National Historic Site. It explains, through reenactment and original images, how the unique combination of canal boats inclined planes, and railroads worked to overcome the need to traverse the crest of the Allegheny Mountains in Pennsylvania.]

Shank, William H. The Amazing Pennsylvania Canals. York, PA. American Canal and Transportation Ctr. 1997

Shank, William H. Towpaths to Tugboats: A History of American Canal Engineering. York, PA. American Canal and Transportation Ctr. 1988. (1ed. 1968.) [A 72-page booklet filled with sketches and images of various canal engineering feats stretching back to antiquity. Includes information on early European canals; “canal visionaries;” and early American canals in several states. Bibliography and index. The author is a Professional Engineer.]

Way, Peter. Common Labor: Workers and Digging of North American Canals, 1780-1860. Baltimore, MD. Johns Hopkins Univ. Press. 1993. (1ed Cambridge Univ. Press. 1993). [An academic study with useful charts and statistics relating to the recruitment, working conditions, community relations, and labor unrest among workers recruited to work on early American canals.]

Weinhold, John D. “The Inclined Planes of the Allegheny Portage Railroad.” Canal History and Technology Proceedings. XVII. Mar. 4, 1998. pp.203-249. [Well-documented and illustrated with sketches and statistics.]

Welch, Sylvester. “Sylvester Welch’s Report [on the Allegheny Portage Railroad]” Gettysburg, PA. Thomas Publications. 1988. [A reprint of the 1833 report, this 22-page booklet includes sketches, maps, and a great detail about the workings of the Allegheny Portage Railroad planes, in particular. A good primary source with a brief introduction by William H. Shank, PE.]

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Erie Canal (NY):

Adams, Samuel Hopkins. The Erie Canal. New York. Random House. 1953. [Reminisences of stories of the construction of the canal and its early operation remembered from the author’s grandfather.]

Albany Institute of History and Art. Building the Erie Canal. Available on the Internet at: http://www.albanyinstitute.org/building-the-erie-canal.html (Accessed Sep. 3, 2015) [Includes many primary source images.]

Bartley, Theodore J. Life on a Canal Boat: The Journals of Theodore D. Bartley, 1861-1889. Fleishmann’s, NY. Purple Mountain Press. (Copyright by Lake Champlain Maritime Museum.) 2004. [The author of the journals was a canal boat captain on the Champlain, Erie and other canals throughout his 25-year career. The 1500 pages of journals were transcribed by a descendant; edited and annotated by Russell P. Bellico. Introductory essay by Director of the Champlain Maritime Museum.] Bernstein, Peter L. The Wedding of the Water: The Erie Canal and the Making of a Great Nation. W. W. Norton. 2006. [Much information about people, politics, and financing and little on the actual construction of the canal. 448 pps.]

Brunger, Eric and Lionel Wyld. Adventures in Western New York History: The Grand Canal New York’s First Thruway. Buffalo, NY. Buffalo and Erie County Historical Soc. V. XII. 1964. [A well-written booklet of 20 pps. Emphasis is on western NY. Good one-page bibliography.]

Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County. Research the Erie Canal at the Central Library of Rochester and Monroe County. Available on the Internet at: http://www3.libraryweb.org/uploadedFiles/MCLS/Local_History_New/Pathfinders/RPL_Resear chErieCanal_F.pdf (Accessed Sep. 3, 2015). [Advice on researching the canals of New York at the Central Library. Materials recommended come from several different collections of the library. (For example: “The Erie Canal in Art and Music.”) Library call numbers are provided. This site also addresses the canals as recreational assets. The guide can be downloaded as a pdf file.]

Chalmers, Harvey II. The Birth of the Erie Canal. New York. Bookman Associates. 1960.

Chalmers, Harvey. How the Irish Built the Erie. New York. Bookman Associates. 1965.

Condon, George. Stars in the Water: The Story of the Erie Canal. New York. Doubleday. 1974. [A well-received book now considered somewhat of a classic. 338 pps.]

The Erie Canal. Website hosted by Genesee Gateway. Copyright Frank E. Sadowski, Jr. Available on the Internet at: http://www.eriecanal.org/index.html (Accessed Sep. 10, 2015). [This site provides scanned documents and images of the New York State canal system. There is

April 14, 2018 edition Page 3 a clickable map to tour the old canal across the state and many current images of canal remains including extensive coverage of the aqueduct at Montezuma.]

Erie Canal Museum. Erie Canal Museum: Photos from the Collection. Syracuse, NY. The Museum. 1989.

Flick, Alexander C. (ed.). “The Canal System and its Influence.” History of the State of New York. Conquering the Wilderness. V. New York. Columbia Univ. Press. 1934. pp. 297-336. [Part of the 10-vol. series comprising the definitive history of New York to the date of publication. Extensive coverage of the Lock Navigation Companies and the politics of canal approval.]

Garrity, Richard. Canal Boatman: My Life on Upstate Waters. Syracuse, NY. Syracuse Univ. Press. 1977. [A first-person account of a life spent working on the Erie Canal in a family business.]

Grasso, Thomas X. and Craig S. Williams. “The Erie Canal’s Great Embankment Across the Irondequoit Valley: Bushnell’s Basin to Pittsford, New York.” Canal History and Technology Proceedings. XVII. Mar. 4, 1998. pp. 113-133. [Published conference proceedings by the National Canal Museum and Canal History and Technology Press, this article provides maps and extensive information about the Great Embankment along which runs Rt. 96 between Bushnell’s Basin and Pittsford.]

Grasso, Thomas X. et al. “Three Erie Canals in Western Wayne County. Study Guide.” n. p. Canal Society of New York State. 2011. [A profusely illustrated and documented guide to the Erie Canal in Wayne County. Contact the Society. Prof. Grasso is on the faculty of Monroe Community College.]

Hawley, Jesse [Hercules]. Introductory Essay by Jesse Hawley. Available From the on the Internet from the xRoads page of the University of Virginia at: http://xroads.virginia.edu/~ma02/volpe/canal/hawley_intro.html (Accessed Sep. 12, 2015). [Hawley’s introductory essay, published in Geneva/Canandaigua, is transcribed here together with an introduction to Hawley’s essays generally and their importance. Hawley always claimed to be the person who should be considered the “father of the Erie Canal.” An essay about his claim by Mervin S. Hawley was published by the Buffalo Historical Society in 1866 and is also available in print-on-demand format from several publishers.

Hecht, Roger. The Erie Canal Reader. Syracuse, NY. Syracuse Univ. Press. 2003. [A collection of poems, travelogues, and essays by a variety of British and American writers related to the canal. The author is a professor of writing at Ithaca College.]

Hosack, David. Memoir of DeWitt Clinton: With an Appendix Containing Numerous Documents. New York. J. Seymour. 1829. Available from Open Library on-line at https://archive.org/stream/memoirdewittcli00hosagoog#page/n0/mode/2up (Accessed Sep. 12, 2015). [This early memoir includes the essays of Jesse Hawley (pp. 306-342) as well as other documents supporting the claims of other men. Can be downloaded as a free pdf file.]

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Karpiak, Christine. “Stock in New York” New York Archives. Summer 2005. p. 33. [A one- page article with a 1938 stock certificate. Good brief explanation of how the state paid for the enlargements of the Erie Canal.]

Kitzmann, Andrew P. and the Erie Canal Museum. Postcard History Series. Erie Canal. Charleston, SC. Arcadia Pub. Co. 2009. [A picture history of the Erie and a few branch canals compiled by the curator of the Erie Canal Museum in Syracuse. Images based on the postcard collection of the museum.]

Klees, Emerson. The Erie Canal in the Finger Lakes Region: The Heart of New York State. Rochester, NY. Friends of the Finger Lakes Pub. 1996.

Koeppel, Gerard T. Bond of Union: Building the Erie Canal and the American Empire. Cambridge, MA. DaCapo Press. 2010. [An extensive (480 pps.) history of the canal. Good coverage of the construction of the canal.]

Larkin, F. Daniel. New York State Canals: A Short History. Fleischmann's, NY. Purple Mountain Press. 1998.

McGreevy, Patrick. Stairway to Empire: Lockport, the Erie Canal, and the Shaping of America. Albany, NY. State Univ. of New York Press. 2009. [A study of the building of the “Lockport flight” of five locks and the role played by men from Victor and Farmington.]

Merrill, Arch. The Towpath. Interlaken, NY. Heart of the Lakes Pub. 1989. (First ed.) Rochester, NY. Louis Heindl & Son, 1945) [Classic regional history of Erie Canal towns (Medina to Clyde) and their culture by legendary journalist for Gannett Newspapers. Journalistic writing, undocumented and including a great deal of folklore. Highly readable and very popular.]

Morganstein, Martin and Joan H. Cregg for Erie Canal Museum. Images of America. Erie Canal. Charleston, SC. Arcadia Pub. Co. 2001. [A picture history of the canal.]

Murphy, Dan. The Erie Canal: The Ditch that Opened a Nation. Buffalo, NY. Western New York Wares, Inc. 2001. [Nearly two dozen images; FAQ boxes; and a local focus.]

New York State. State Archives. The Mighty Chain: A Guide to Canal Records in the New York State Archives. Available on the Internet at: http://www.archives.nysed.gov/common/archives/files/res_topics_trans_canal.pdf. (Accessed Sep. 8, 2015)

New York State. Assembly. Documents of the Assembly. 1906. V. 5. No. 36. Pt. 2. Albany, The State Legislature. 1906. Supplement to the Report of the State Engineer and Surveyor of the State of New York. For the Year Ending September 30, 1905. History of the Canal System of the State of New York. Available on the Internet at: https://books.google.com/books?id=L9E2AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1349&lpg=PA1349&dq=laws+ of+the+state+of+new+york+canals+1825&source=bl&ots=15R7NmqI_9&sig=OteQMfQqZD_1

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WmsWSIjd6lMuKX0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CE0Q6AEwCGoVChMImLL6oPnaxwIVDHs- Ch0vqwpr#v=onepage&q=laws%20of%20the%20state%20of%20new%20york%20canals%201 825&f=false (Accessed Sep. 3, 2015)

New York State. Canal Board. Proceedings of the Canal Board of the State of New York 1877. Albany, NY. The State. 1877. Available Google Books on the Internet at: https://books.google.com/books?id=CpEpAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA213&lpg=PA213&dq=crooked+ lake+canal&source=bl&ots=OLV9-z97m-&sig=CZBy3ag- QEK3UsjrzcLe0GfEaq4&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CEAQ6AEwCTgKahUKEwie4ob4oOjHAhXGO j4KHVnpA_M#v=onepage&q=crooked%20lake%20canal&f=false (Accessed Sep. 8,2015). [This government document provides primary source details on the consideration to sell or abandon several branch canals including the Crooked Lake Canal. The entire book can be downloaded as a pdf document free of charge.]

New York State. Legislature. Laws of the State of New York in Relation to the Erie and Champlain Canals Together with the Annual Reports of the Canal Commissioners, and Other Documents… II. Albany, NY. State of New York. 1825. Available on the Internet at: https://books.google.com/books?id=Un4tAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA647&lpg=PA647&dq=laws+of+t he+state+of+new+york+canals+1825&source=bl&ots=bQB6X013EW&sig=gKGZZAxHnxaOl ZnESYRG3NbX6m0&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CB0Q6AEwADgKahUKEwic0rWz- drHAhWDPj4KHfK7D_s#v=onepage&q=laws%20of%20the%20state%20of%20new%20york %20canals%201825&f=false (Accessed Sep. 3, 2015) [An important primary source for the start of the state canal system. A great deal of early history is provided.]

Palmer, Richard. “The Erie Canal and the Stagecoach.” Crooked Lake Review. Fall 2007. Available on the Internet at: http://www.crookedlakereview.com/articles/136_167/143fall2007/143palmer.html (Accessed Sep. 14, 2015). [The author, a noted scholar of stage coach travel in , compares and contrasts coach travel with the packet boats on the canal after 1825. A brief article with primary source documents.]

Peca, Paulette. Images of America: Lockport. Charleston, SC. Arcadia Press. 2003. [Picture history of the community, as well as the canal.] Powell, Stephen R. The Buffalonian. Waterways and Canal Construction, 1700-1825. Buffalo, N.Y. Available on the Internet at: http://www.buffalonian.com/history/industry/waterways/WATERWAYS1.html (Accessed Sep. 3, 2015)

Riley, Kathleen L. Lockport: Historic Jewel of the Erie Canal. Charleston, SC. Arcadia Books. 2005. [A picture history written by a history professor and native.]

Riley, Michael (ed.). The Erie Canal Aqueducts of : Montezuma to Dewitt. Field Trip Guide. n.p. Canal Society of New York State. 2009. [Profusely illustrated with historical and contemporary images. Includes one-page bibliography.]

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Riley, Michael. A Tour of Canal Sites Along the Towpath in Montezuma. Montezuma Historical Soc. 2006-7. Montezuma Historic Soc. n.p. n.d. [This small (22 pps.) local publication may be hard to locate. However, it is well illustrated and provides clear directions to places in Montezuma where visitors can learn about the canal and how it was affected by the need to cross the Seneca River. It is well worth the effort to locate.]

Rinker, Harry L. "The Old Raging Erie…There Have Been a Few Changes." A Postcard History of the Erie and Other New York State Canals (1895-1915). Berkeley Heights, NJ. Canal Captain's Press. 1984.

Sandowski, Frank E. Jr. The Erie Canal. Available on the Internet at: http://www.eriecanal.org/maps.html (Accessed Sep. 3, 2015) [This blog includes a section on maps includes many maps of interest to students and local history buffs. The blog focuses on the Rochester area.]

Shaw, Ronald. Erie Water West: A History of the Erie Canal, 1792-1854. Lexington, KY. Univ. Press of Kentucky. 1990. [An academic history focusing on the people and politics involved in canal construction.]

Wellman, Judith. Erie Canal and the Underground Railroad Research Paper. Available on the Internet at: http://www.eriecanalway.org/documents/Research_DrJudithWelman_DonPapson.pdf (Accessed Sep. 3, 2015). [This paper, written by an emerita professor of history at SUNY Oswego and Underground Railroad authority, summarizes the close relationship between the canals and canal towns and the Underground Railroad.]

Whitford, Noble E. "The Canal System and Its Influences." In Alexander C. Flick. History of the State of New York. New York. Columbia Univ. Press. 1934. pp. 297-336.

Williams, Deborah. Explorer's Guide Erie Canal: A Great Destination: Exploring New York's Great Canals Includes the Oswego, Cayuga-Seneca and Champlain Canals (Explorer's Great Destinations). Woodstock, VT. Countryman Press. 2009. [One canal is covered in each chapter together with history, simple maps, and a tourist guide to the general area through which the canal runs.]

Wyld, Lionel D. Images of America: Canastota and Chittenango: Two Historic Canal Towns. Charleston, SC. Arcadia Press. 1998. [Picture histories of two important central New York Erie canal towns.]

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Branch Canals of New York (Including the Delaware & Hudson):

Anderson, Mildred L. H. The Genesee Valley Canal. 1836-1878. 2ed. Castile, NY. The author. 1978. [A brief (48 pps.) account of the canal, this publication has no footnotes, and only a brief list of works cited. Most of them appear to be good sources. A few maps and pictures. A good summary of the canal history.]

Beyer, Barry K. The Chenango Canal. Norwich, NY. Chenango County Historical Society. (Copyright by the author.) 1968. [First published in 1954 by the Norwich Pub. Co., and based upon articles in the Norwich Sun, this sim 29-page booklet is a comprehensive review of the history of a long; and largely forgotten; branch canal from Utica to Binghamton. The author, a Norwich native, held a PhD in history and served as a professor of history and education at the Univ. of Rochester and Ohio State. No works cited or notations. Several images covering the history of the canal.]

Canal Society of New York State. The Cayuga & Seneca Canal with Notes on the Crooked Lake Canal. n.p. The Society. 1989. [This locally produced booklet contains articles written by members of the Canal Society like Waldo J. Nielsen and Thomas X Grasso (current president of the society). Much of the information comes from the research of Arnold and Helen Barben. It provides a measured and detailed guide to exploring the canals by car and foot and was the basis for two 1989 field trips. There are many guides to old canal remnants not readily known or seen. Many images, not well reproduced, however.]

Canal Society of New York State. Delaware and Hudson Canal Field Trip Guide: Rondout to Alligervile. n.p. Canal Soc. of New York State and Soc. 2013. [Well illustrated guide to lesser known private canal in downstate New York serving the Pennsylvania coal industry. Good maps. High quality production. 31 pps.]

Canal Society of New York State. Field Trip. Chemung Canal. n.p. 1963. [A very brief (6 pps.) locally produced booklet providing information on access to remains of the Chemung Canal. Difficult to find, but a unique resource. More than a half-century old so some information on sites may be out of date.]

Colgate University Libraries. Guide to the Chenango Canal collection M2025 1821-1984. Available on the Internet at: http://exlibris.colgate.edu/speccoll/findaids/html/M2025.html (Accessed Sep. 8, 2015)

Doyle, Michael. The Forestport Breaks: A Nineteenth-Century Conspiracy Along the Black River Canal. Syracuse, NY. Syracuse Univ. Press. 2004. [This book is a full-scale scholarly study of a series of criminal breaks in the remote canal designed by the perpetrators to bring economic relief to a depressed area around 1899. Fully noted and documented by an experienced journalist.]

Dumas, Frances. “Along the Outlet of Keuka Lake. The Crooked Lake Canal.” Crooked Lake Review. Mar. 1990. Pt. I. Available on the Internet at:

April 14, 2018 edition Page 8 http://www.crookedlakereview.com/articles/1_33/24mar1990/24dumas.html (Accessed Sep. 8, 2015). [The author is the Yates County Historian who has extensively researched the mills along the outlet.]

Emerson, Gary. A Link in the Great Chain: A History of the Chemung Canal. Fleischmann’s, NY. Purple Mountain Press. (For the Chemung County Historical Soc.). 2004. (Copyright by the Author.). [A thoroughly researched book with notes and works cited list, together with many images and a bibliographic essay. Supported by a wide variety of primary sources.]

Fynmore, Edward P. and Harney J. Corwin. Images of America: Black River Canal. [A picture history of the canal with extensive images of the canal and associated structures.]

Gordon, William Reed. Keuka Lake Memories: The Champaign Country. Interlaken, NY. Heart of the Lakes Pub. 1986. (1ed. the author. 1967) [This book contains many images and episodic essays much like a scrapbook. There are short sections about the Crooked Lake Canal on pp. 149-150; 160-162. It also includes information about steamboats on Keuka Lake, the older wineries, and the regional railroads. Little has been published about the topics included in this book widely found in public libraries and private collections. The author is known for his dozen books about railroads and trolley lines.]

Grover, Kathryn. Geneva’s Changing Waterfront. 1779-1989. Geneva, NY. Geneva Historical Society. 1989. [This comprehensive history of the Geneva waterfront includes information on the impact of the Seneca-Cayuga Canal as well as lake boat traffic.]

Holton, Gladys Reid. The Genesee Valley Canal. 2ed. n.p. The Author. 1971. [The author was curator of Culture History at the Rochester Museum and Science Center for many years. The 33-page book includes simple maps, many images from the active canal and after its abandonment. There is an extensive list of references and notes on sources of images.]

Kipp, David L. Locking the Heights: The Rise and Demise of the Genesee Valley Canal. n.p. n.d. [This 38-page locally produced booklet was written by a member of the Canal Society of New York and provides a useful works cited list. There are many good images. Despite its local production, three copies are available in the Pioneer Library System catalog.]

McFee, Michele A. Limestone Locks and Overgrowth: The Rise and Descent of the Chenango Canal. Fleichmann’s, NY. Purple Mountain Press. 1993. [This well-documented book is the definitive history of the long canal serving the Chenango Valley. Many images and a great deal of detail.]

New York Heritage Digital Collections. 20th Century Remains of the Genesee Valley Canal. Available on the Internet at: http://nyheritage.nnyln.org/cdm/search/collection/p277601coll3/searchterm/20th%20Century%2 0Remains%20of%20the%20Genesee%20Valley%20Canal/field/all/mode/exact/conn/and/cosupp ress/ (Accessed Sep. 8, 2015) [This site contains contemporary images of canal remains from the collections of SUNY Geneseo.]

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O’Donnell, Thomas C. Snubbing Posts: An Informal History of the Black River Canal. Old Forge, NY North Country Books. 1972. [With an introduction by State Historian, Albert Corey, this 160-page book covers the history of the canal and its people focusing on a few communities and several associated businesses and canal jobs (“Lock Tenders”). The problem with deliberate breaks in the canal is the subject of one chapter. A comprehensive look at what is probably New York’s least known canal.]

Osterberg, Matthew M. Images of America: The Delaware & Hudson Canal and the Gravity Railroad. Charleston, SC. Arcadia Pub. 2002. [A picture history of the canal and the gravity railroad used at the Pennsylvania end, the book is undocumented but a good comprehensive account of canal operations through images.]

Palmer, Richard. “Remembering the Genesee Valley Canal.” Crooked Lake Review. Spring 1999. Pt. I. Available on the Internet at: http://www.crookedlakereview.com/articles/101_135/111spring1999/111palmer.html (Accessed Sep. 8, 2015) [This author is a well-known Syracuse journalist well-known for his research and writing on transportation subjects. The Part I article contains links to the succeeding parts II-VI, also on the Internet.]

Petrillo, Charles. “The Junction Canal (1855-1871): Elmira, New York, to Athens, Pennsylvania.” Canal History and Technology Proceedings. X. 1991. Easton, PA. National Canal Museum. pp. 181-212.

Sanderson, Dorothy Hurlbut. The Delaware & Hudson Canalway: Carrying Coals to Rondout. 2ed. Ellenville, NY. Rondout Valley Pub. Co. 1974. (1ed. 1965.) [Extensive (278 pps.) coverage of the story of the D&H Canal.]

Seymour, Jean and Bud. “Sodus Canal.” Historic Sodus Point. Available on the Internet at: http://www.historicsoduspoint.com/commerce/so dus-canal/ (Accessed Mar. 25, 2015) [This article originally appeared in the newsletter of the Sodus Bay Historical Society. It can be printed from the Internet and also saved as a pdf document.]

Spencer, John C. et al. Report on the subject of a communication between Canandaigua Lake and the Erie Canal: made on the 21st December, 1820, at a meeting of the citizens of Canandaigua and its vicinity. Gale Digital Collections/Sabin Americana. Internet contact: http://gdc.gale.com/products/sabin-americana- 1500-1926/acquire-implement/purchase/ (Accessed Sep. 15, 2015). [This report was The canal that was never built. originally published by James D. Bemis in

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Canandaigua in 1821 and details plans for a branch canal from Palmyra to Canandaigua that was never built. A copy of the original can be found at the Ontario County Historical Society. Copies produced by Sabin Americana are available through the Pioneer Library System and several of its local affiliates.]

Warlick, James. “The Genesee Valley Canal: An Extension of Our Grand Canal.” Rochester History. V. LVI. Fall 1994. pp. 1-24. Available on the Internet at: http://www.libraryweb.org/~rochhist/v56_1994/v56i4.pdf (Accessed Sep. 8, 2015)

White, R. David and Matthew. Little Ditch: The Black River Canal. 4th Coast Production. DVD. B&W/color. 90 min. 2007. [A comprehensive documentary on the “planning, consruction, operation and demise of the canal” than extended from Rome to Carthage. It is conveniently divided into chapers about discrete topics like breaks, planning, consruction,, operation, first boats, feeders, etc. Original background music.]

Locks at Ft. Edward on the old Champlain Canal.

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Fiction and Folklore:

Adams, Samuel Hopkins. Canal Town. Syracuse, NY. Syracuse Univ. Press. (1ed. MacMillan Co., 1944) 1988. [Originally published in 1944, this novel is centered on Palmyra, NY. The story revolves around the impact of the canal on the community.]

Adams, Samuel Hopkins. Grandfather Stories. Syracuse, NY. Syracuse Univ. Press. 1989. (1ed Random House, Inc. 1955) [Tales the author heard from his grandfathers relating to working on the Erie Canal, particularly in the Rochester area.]

Edmunds, Walter D. Mostly Canallers: Collected Stories. Syracuse, NY. Syracuse Univ. Press. 1987. [Folklore and fictional stories about the Erie Canal and a few others.]

Edmunds, Walter D. Rome Haul. Syracuse, NY. Syracuse Univ. Press. 1987 (1ed. Little Brown. 1929,) [This novel is set along the canal in 1850. The author is a noted mid-Twentieth Century writer on New York subjects. It was adapted to a 1935 motion picture with Henry Fonda.]

Rapp, Marvin A. Canal Water and Whiskey: Tall Tales from the Erie Canal Country. Buffalo, NY. Heritage Press. 1992. [Written by former Ontario County Historian and long-time history professor at Buffalo State College, this acclaimed book is widely available. It is an expansion of the 1965 first edition published by Twayne Pub. (New York).]

Wyld, Lionel D. Boaters and Broom-sticks: Tales and Historical Lore of the Erie Canal. Utica, NY. North Country Books. 2002. [A mixture of folklore and history.]

Wyld, Lionel D. Low Bridge! Folklore and the Erie Canal. Syracuse, NY. Syracuse Univ. Press. 1977 (1ed. 1962.)

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Ghost Stories Related to the Canal:

Gerst, Anthony J. Ghosts of the Erie Canal Wever, IA. Quixote Press. 2005

Johnson, Mary Ann. Ghosts Along the Erie. Utica, NY. North Country Books. 2007.

Johnson, Mary Ann. The Ghosts of Port Byron: Eerie Tales from an Erie Town Utica, NY. North Country Books. 1987.

Music related to the Canals:

Golden Eagle String Band. The Canaller’s Songbook. Bravo Productions. Audio CD. [37 tunes, some seldom heard.]

Hullfish, William. The Canaller’s Songbook. Long Beach, CA. Bravo Productions. 1984. [Words, music, and chords to more than 30 canal tunes played by the Golden Eagle String Band. Hullfish plays with the band and teaches music at SUNY Brockport.]

Hudson River terminus of the Erie Canal.

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Specifically Designed for Educators, Students and Children:

Aller, Susan Bivin. What Difference Could a Waterway Make? and Other Questions About the Erie Canal. Minneapolis, MN. Lerner Pub. Group. 2010. [Specifically written for 4th Grade.]

“Building the Erie Canal.” PBS Learning Media. Available on the Internet at: http://www.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/adlit08.ush.exp.erie/building-the-erie-canal/ (Accessed Mar. 17, 2015)

Harness, Cheryl. The Amazing Impossible Erie Canal. Aladdin Picture Books. Simon & Schuster Books for Young Readers. New York. 1999. [For six-nine-year-olds. The story of the construction of the canal and its later history.]

Jensen, Leona and Martha Gibbs. Ben’s Adventure on the Crooked Lake Canal. [Synopsis of book and activities by the same name.] Available on the Internet at https://www.google.com/#q=crooked+lake+canal (Sep. 8, 2015) [Downloadable pdf document.]

Kendall, Martha E. The Erie Canal. Washington, DC. National Geographic Children’s Books. 2008. [Age 10+. A book of folklore and history with many period images.]

Larkin, F. Daniel; Julie C. Daniels and Jean West. Erie Canal: New York’s Gift to the Nation. A Document-Based Teacher Resource. Peterborough,NH. Cobblestone Pub. Co. 2001. [Published for the NYS Archives Partnership Trust and written by Archives staff, this spiral bound book contains hundreds of documents supporting activities related to every aspect of elementary and secondary education.]

“Learning Adventures in Citizenship. Topic 7: Rivers and Roads.” PBS Kids Go. http://www.pbs.org/wnet/newyork//laic/episode1/topic7/e1_topic7.html (Accessed Mar. 17, 2015).

Saraceno, Carol, et al. “The Erie Canal: Impact on Peoples and Cities.” Cooperstown, NY. New York State Historical Assn. 2000. [This 17 page pamphlet includes a brief historical overview and four primary source documents to be used with document-based questions (DBQ). The questions and documents can be reproduced easily and teachers are encouraged to do that. The pamphlet is part of a series related to various topics in NY State history. Orders can be sent to NYSHA, PO Box 800, Cooperstown, NY 13326. Contact NYSHA at: www.NYSHA.org.]

Stacy, Dorothy. Canal Cousins. Sauquoit, NY. Blackberry Hill Press. 2007.

Erie Canal Cousins: Three Weeks in Utica. Sauquoit, NY. Blackberry Hill Press. 2008.

Erie Canal Cousins: Albany Homecoming. Sauquoit, NY. Blackberry Hill Press. 2009.

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Erie Canal Cousins: Canal Town Christmas. Sauquoit, NY. Blackberry Hill Press. 2010.

Erie Canal Cousins: Stars Over Buffalo. Sauquoit, NY. Blackberry Hill Press. 2011.

[This series by children’s author and publisher, Dorothy Stacy, focuses on the fictional adventures and family life of a 13-year old girl living on and around the Erie Canal in 1840.]

Spier, Peter. The Erie Canal. Utica, NY. North Country Books. 2009. [The author is a noted children’s artist. This book’s illustrated coverage is set to the tune of “Low Bridge.”]

Stafford, Gerry. Young Canaller. Walnut Creek, OH. Carlisle Press. 2012. [An Irish immigrant boy goes to work on the Erie Canal in the 1830s.]

Stark, Debbie J. (Author) and Donald A. Wilson (Ed.). Always Know Your Pall: Children on the Erie Canal. Syracuse, NY. Erie Canal Museum. 1993.

Stein, R. Conrad. Cornerstones of Freedom: The Story of the Erie Canal. Littleton, CO. Avyx, Inc. 1985. [Written for older children. Many black and white illustrations. Few authentic images.]

Uttendorfsky, Irene. Punkeyville Girl: A Tale of Old Forestport and the Canals. Rome, NY. Spruce Gulch Press. 2003. [A Civil War era tale of a young girl who rides the Black River Canal to Rome and then rides on the Erie Canal to Buffalo and back.]

Navigating the old Seneca Canal at Waterloo. April 14, 2018 edition Page 15

Barge Canal:

The Canal was opened 100 years ago in 1918. Today usually called the Erie Canal, it does in fact incorporate much of the old towpath canal route. However, it makes use of controlled rivers in ways the original Erie Canal could not. It also follows a new route in Central New York and now swings around Syracuse and Rochester rather than go through them.

Calabrese Mrs. Alfred, et al. Waterford to Whitehall: A Pictorial Journey Along the Champlain Division of the New York State Barge Canal During its Construction. Waterford, NY. Waterford Historical Museum and Cultural Center. 1968. [This slim booklet (28 pps.) includes many large images of the barge canal construction together with a map of the canal route, a short list of illustrations and references. Most references appear to be primary sources, but come from a handful of local newspapers.]

Gleason, Gordon P. “Opening of World’s Greatest Canal.” State Service. May 1918. pp. 3- 10. Available on the Internet at: http://books.googleusercontent.com/books/content?req=AKW5QaesJ_bfdEjM8aTcZqCfJOMti1 G0ovZSMKi70WXriWDBNvuMRxtZnN1T3SxkVZb5tB- n4aysH4epggYLBGRjjtwHyulDBPCQY5AW- bb5oFbOMJV7p4fekoVIyFo9uhL6VIhOudxhjpiQ5CjFJff4rzXcQh8I- Fwc8blvE2LXvrTCpS2EL-Xw3amq4xxaTDKaS_uqkX0XTyiiNDpsaZAcfra4_l22m39VNwt- gA12Jlz7N-LexbbfWd5HQhB03pL_IiSvf-oi (Accessed Mar. 25, 2015). [A publication for an about people in state service, this issue focuses on the opening of the new Barge Canal and provides detailed information on the status of the canal in 1918. Downloading includes the entire year from January, 1918.]

Kimball, Francis P. New York--The Canal State. Albany, NY. Argus Press. 1937. [Published prior to World War II, this 105-page book not only provides perspective on the development of the Erie-Barge canal, but also on the growing debate over a proposed St. Lawrence Seaway. While that waterway would not be realized for nearly a quarter of a century, this book advances the arguments against the seaway debated in the 1930s.]

Lowenthal, Larry. “The Second Critical Period of the New York State Canal System.” Canal History and Technology Proeedings. XVIII. Mar. 20, 1999. Easton, PA. National Canal Museum. pp. 57-85. [A good documented academic paper relating the politics and practical considerations involved in the enlargements of the Erie Canal after the Civil War that eventually resulted in the creation of the Barge Canal. It presents a view on the efficacy of the canal not found in many histories.]

McFee, Michele A. A Long Haul: Story Of New York State Barge Canal. Fleischmanns, NY. Purple Mountain Press. 1998. [This 221 page publication contains an index and many black & white images of canal construction. The book provides concise coverage of the events that led up to the construction of the Barge Canal.]

O’Malley, Charles T. Low Bridges and High Water On New York State Barge Canal. Utica, NY. North Country Books. 1991.

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Severance, Frank H. (ed.). Canal Enlargement in New York State: Papers on the Barge Canal and Related Topics. Buffalo Historical Society Publications. 1909. V. 13. Buffalo, NY. Buffalo Historical Soc. 1909. Available as a pdf download on the Internet at: https://archive.org/details/canalenlargement00buffrich (Accessed Sep. 12, 2015) [This 518-page volume contains a series of academic articles relating to the creation of the Barge Canal.]

Whitford, Noble E. History of the Barge Canal of New York State. Albany, NY. J. B. Lyon Company. 1922. Available on the Internet at: http://www.eriecanal.org/texts/Whitford/1921/contents.html. (Accessed Apr. 4, 2018). [The original hard cover edition is widely available at public and college libraries and historical societies. There are many images of canal construction, but the editorial point of view is that of the state government. The 610-page book contains much technical data, a full index, and many tables detailing the completion of construction contracts. There is also a list of all engineers that worked under state contracts. The book also has chapters on the relationship of the Barge Canal to national policy and navigation.]

Postcard image of Barge Canal construction at Little Falls on the Mohawk River.

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Canal Societies:

American Canal Society http://www.americancanals.org/Canal_links/Canal_links.htm

[This general society has many very useful links to canal societies and museums. There is also a list of available eBooks on canals with several on New York canals. The illustrated quarterly of the society is called “American Canals.” Back issues are available.]

Canal Society of New Jersey http://www.canalsocietynj.org/ P.O. Box 737 Morristown, New Jersey 07963-0737

[The society newsletter is called “On the Level.” Their website includes many archival images of New Jersey canals. Projects of the New Jersey society include the restoration of Waterloo Village near Stanhope, NJ, a typical Essex Canal town.]

Canal Society of New York State. http://www.newyorkcanals.org/index.htm 2527 Cherry Valley Turnpike Marcellus, New York 13108

[Publications include booklets and hiking guides to old canal towpaths and infrastructure. The semi-annual magazine, “Bottoming Out” provides historical articles, stories and images.]

Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Association http://www.candocanal.org/ P.O Box 366 Glen Echo, MD 20812-0366

Pennsylvania Canal Society http://www.pacanalsociety.org/ C/O Emrick Technology Center 2750 Hugh Moore Park Rd. Easton, Pa 18042

[The PCS website includes a guide to canal museum and historical sites in Pennsylvania. Each year, the PCS hosts field trips for those interested in visiting historical canal sites. Their journal is called “Canal Currents.”

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Nearby and Regional Museums that Feature Canal History:

Black River Canal Museum (Boonville) http://www.blackrivercanalmuseum.com/ PO Box 122 Boonville, NY 13309 (315) 942-6763

Chenango Canal Association http://www.chenangocanal.org/ PO Box 125 Bouckville, NY 13310

Chittenango Landing Canal Boat Museum and Historic Erie Canal Drydocks Complex (Chittenango) http://clcbm.org/ 717 Lakeport Rd. Chittenango, NY 13037 (315) 687-3801

D&H Canal Historical Society and Museum (High Falls, NY) http://www.canalmuseum.org/ 23 Mohonk Rd. PO Box 23 High Falls, NY 12440 (845) 687-9311

Delaware Canal State Park (PA) http://www.dcnr.state.pa.us/stateparks/findapark/delawarecanal/ 11 Lodi Hill Road Upper Black Eddy, PA 18972-9540 (610) 982-5560

Erie Canal Museum (Syracuse) http://eriecanalmuseum.org/ 318 Erie Blvd. E. Syracuse, NY 13202 (315) 471-0593 This museum is housed in the only surviving weighlock building from the old Erie Canal.

Erie Canal Park (Camillus) http://www.eriecanalcamillus.com/museum.htm 5750 Devoe Rd. Camillus, NY 13031 (315) 488-3409

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Erie Canal Village (Rome) http://www.eriecanalvillage.com/ 5789 Rome New London Rd. (Rts 46 & 49) Rome, New York 13440 (315) 337-3999

National Canal Museum (PA) Affiliate of the Delaware and Lehigh National Heritage Corridor https://canals.org/ 2750 Hugh Moore Park Road Easton, PA 18042 (610) 923-3548

National Park Service. Erie Canalway National Heritage Corridor http://www.nps.gov/erie/index.htm [An on-line guide to museums and other resources in the region.]

Niagara County History Center. Erie Canal Discovery Center. (Lockport—Niagara Co.) http://niagarahistory.org/discovery-center/ 24 Church St, Lockport, NY 14094

Port Byron Erie Canal Heritage Park (NYS Thruway near Port Byron exit.) http://www.newyorkcanals.org/preservation_portbyron.htm Open seasonally (May-Oct.) and accessable from both the Thruway and local roads. 3 Park Street, Port Byron, NY 13140 Phone (315) 776-4601

Image courtesy NYS Thruway Authority: http://www.thruway.ny.gov/news/pressrel/2017/10/2017-10-19-port- byron.html.

Waterloo Village (NJ) [Life on the Morris Canal of NJ] https://www.facebook.com/Waterloo-Village-Historic-Site-160311250763716/timeline/ Waterloo Rd. Stanhope, NJ 07874 (973) 347-1835

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The only place where the Erie Canal touched Ontario Couny.

The Cayuga-Seneca Canal has always ended at Geneva bringing that art of the state canal system to Ontario County as well.

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Along the Chemung Canal near Montour Falls.(?)

Scene at Bushnell’s Basin, near Pittsford. Bridge was located behind present Richardson’s Canal House restaurant.

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These locks, long abandoned along the Thruway, are the site of the new Port Byron Erie Canal Heritage park.

Locks at Port Byron as they have appeared along the Thruway for many years. The new Port Byron canal visitor’s center is now located to the right of these locks. Image courtesy: https://paththroughhistory.iloveny.com/listings/Port-Byron-Old-Erie-Canal-Heritage- Park/30240/#.WsOEzS7wbcs.

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Dredging the Erie-Barge Canal route near Brockport.

This image and the one above show how the old Erie Canal was widened and deepened in some areas to make it part of the new Barge Canal.

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