Tuhinga 17: 1–26 Copyright © Te Papa Museum of New Zealand (2006) The Kaipara mullet fishery: nineteenth-century management issues revisited Chris D. Paulin1 and Larry J. Paul2 1 Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa, PO Box 467, Wellington, New Zealand (
[email protected]) 2 National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Ltd, Wellington, New Zealand (
[email protected]) ABSTRACT: Grey mullet, Mugil cephalus, provided an important food resource for pre- European Mäori in Northland and supported one of New Zealand’s first commercial fisheries, notably in Kaipara Harbour. The abundance of mullet led European settlers to establish canning factories in the mid-1880s, the product being sold locally and exported. Both fishing and canning declined towards the end of the nineteenth century, and the government asked the eminent scientist Sir James Hector to examine this fishery, with particular reference to the need for a closed season. It was one of the first marine fisheries to be ‘investigated’ in New Zealand, and the lack of information on mullet biology limited the conclusions Hector could draw. Now, over 100 years later, the same mullet fishery (with associated Kaipara Harbour fisheries) is once more under scrutiny as catches decline. Again, there is insufficient knowledge of mullet biology on which to base an esti- mate of the sustainable yield, or from which to make an informed judgement on whether Kaipara Harbour mullet can be managed separately from those in coastal waters and adjacent harbours. We can still echo Hector’s statement ‘there is a great want of accurate information still required on the subject’.