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Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2009 The Effects of Music Therapy on Feelings of Hopelessness and Personal Control for Women Affected by Domestic Violence Jessica L. Rushing Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MUSIC THE EFFECTS OF MUSIC THERAPY ON FEELINGS OF HOPELESSNESS AND PERSONAL CONTROL FOR WOMEN AFFECTED BY DOMESTIC VIOLENCE By JESSICA L. RUSHING A Thesis submitted to the College of Music in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Music Degree Awarded: Summer Semester, 2009 The members of the committee approve the thesis of Jessica L. Rushing defended on July 6, 2009. ____________________________ Jayne M. Standley Professor Directing Thesis ____________________________ Alice-Ann Darrow Committee Member ____________________________ Dianne Gregory Committee Member Approved: _____________________________ Don Gibson, Dean, College of Music The Graduate Studies has verified and approved the above-named committee members. ii I dedicate this thesis to my mother and father, who have unceasingly supported me and allowed me to follow my dreams. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would first and foremost like to thank the women participating in this study. They allow me to love what I do on a daily basis and challenge me to be better. A special thanks goes to the staff at Hubbard House and Lowell Correctional Institution, especially Kay Davis, Alison, and Djuna Poole, for supporting this project and assisting in its implication. Endless thanks goes to my parents Julie Snow and Neil Rushing for supporting me in every way possible. Thank you to my grandparents who are a continuous source of inspiration. I would like to thank my Junior Thesis Advisor, Natalie Wlodarczyk, who let me ask many questions and freely gave of her time and talent to edit and help me complete this project. Special thanks to Miriam Hillmer who served as open ears as I verbally processed more minute details of the project then anyone ever needs to hear. To Jack Tyndall, who went above and beyond to assist me. My deepest and continued gratitude goes to Dr. Jayne Standley. From the moment I walked on the FSU campus her door has been open to me. Her guidance and leadership will forever inspire me both through my career and life. Thank you to the many, many teachers and mentors I have been blessed to know. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ...................................................................................................................................................... vii ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................................................. viii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITURATURE ................................................................................................................. 3 Domestic Violence in Correctional Facilities ........................................................................................................... 3 Alcohol and Drug Use .............................................................................................................................................. 4 Effects of Domestic Violence ................................................................................................................................... 4 Control and Domestic Violence ................................................................................................................................ 5 Perceived Control ..................................................................................................................................................... 9 Creative Arts and Trauma ....................................................................................................................................... 12 Music Therapy and Domestic Violence .................................................................................................................. 13 Music Therapy in Correctional Settings ................................................................................................................. 16 Purpose ................................................................................................................................................................... 17 CHAPTER III STUDY A – DOMESTIC VIOLENCE SHELTER ............................................................................ 19 Setting and Participants .......................................................................................................................................... 19 Design & Instruments ............................................................................................................................................. 20 Procedures ............................................................................................................................................................... 22 Results .................................................................................................................................................................... 25 CHAPTER IV STUDY B – WOMEN’S CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION ........................................................... 30 Setting and Participants .......................................................................................................................................... 30 Design and Instruments .......................................................................................................................................... 31 Procedures ............................................................................................................................................................... 31 Results .................................................................................................................................................................... 33 CHAPTER V DISCUSSION ....................................................................................................................................... 38 Considerations ........................................................................................................................................................ 42 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................................................. 43 APPENDIX A DEMPGRAPHIC QUESTIONNAIRE ............................................................................................... 44 APPENDIX B THE HOPELESSNESS SCALE ......................................................................................................... 45 APPENDIX C THE HOPELESSNESS SCALE SCORING KEY.............................................................................. 46 APPENDIX D PERSONAL CONTROL & EMOTIONAL STATE QUESTIONNAIRE ......................................... 47 APPENDIX E PERSONAL CONTROL & EMOTIONAL STATE QUESTIONNAIRE SCORING KEY .............. 48 v APPENDIX F ACTION STEPS CHECKLIST ........................................................................................................... 49 APPENDIX G RESPONSE TO MUSIC THERAPY QUESTIONNAIRE ................................................................. 50 APPENDIX H RESPONSE TO MUSIC THERAPY QUESTIONNAIRE SCORING KEY ..................................... 51 APPENDIX I “YOU GOTTA BE” LYRICS .............................................................................................................. 52 APPENDIX J “YOU GOTTA BE” FILL-IN-THE-BLANK ...................................................................................... 53 APPENDIX K THEMES OF EMPOWERMENT USED FOR SONGWRITING ANALYSIS ................................. 54 APPENDIX L RESULTS BY PARTICIPANT FOR HS & PCESQ .......................................................................... 55 APPENDIX M RESULTS BY PARTICIPANT FOR THE ACTION STEP CHECKLIST ....................................... 56 APPENDIX N RESULTS BY PARTICIPANT FOR THE RESPONSE TO MUSIC THERAPY QUESTIONNAIRE ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 58 APPENDIX O SONGS WRITTEN BY PARTICIPANT ........................................................................................... 59 APPENDIX P RESULTS BY PARTICIPANT – SONGWRITING PHRASES AND THEMES .............................. 67 APPENDIX Q INSTITUTIONAL REVIEW BOARD APPROVAL SITE APPROVAL, AND CONSENT FORMS ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 71 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................................................ 76 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH ....................................................................................................................................... 80 vi LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Subject Demographics .................................................................................................... 20 Table 2.

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