Plastic Bags and Pouches Manufacturing Market

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Plastic Bags and Pouches Manufacturing Market Plastics Bag and Pouch Manufacturing: Global Markets to 2020 January 2018 BCC Research Reference Staff Report Code: PLS090A Table of Contents Chapter 1: Introduction ......................................................................................... 1 Study Goals and Objectives........................................................................................................................... 1 Reasons for Doing This Study ........................................................................................................................ 1 Scope of Report ............................................................................................................................................. 2 Information Sources ...................................................................................................................................... 2 Methodology ................................................................................................................................................. 2 Geographic Breakdown ................................................................................................................................. 2 Analyst's Credentials ..................................................................................................................................... 5 Related BCC Research Reports...................................................................................................................... 5 Chapter 2: Summary and Highlights ....................................................................... 7 Chapter 3: Plastics Bag and Pouch Market Characteristics ................................... 10 Chapter 4: Plastics Bag and Pouch Market Size and Growth ................................ 13 Historic Market Growth .............................................................................................................................. 13 Drivers of the Market .............................................................................................................................. 14 Restraints on the Market ........................................................................................................................ 14 Forecast Market Growth ............................................................................................................................. 16 Drivers of the Market .............................................................................................................................. 17 Restraints on the Market ........................................................................................................................ 17 Chapter 5: Plastics Bag and Pouch Trends and Strategies .................................... 19 Investment in Developing Economies ......................................................................................................... 19 Increasing Manufacturing Capacity ............................................................................................................ 19 Chapter 6: PESTLE Analysis ................................................................................. 21 Political ........................................................................................................................................................ 22 Economic ..................................................................................................................................................... 22 Social ........................................................................................................................................................... 23 Technological .............................................................................................................................................. 23 Legal ............................................................................................................................................................ 23 Environmental ............................................................................................................................................. 24 Chapter 7: Plastics Bag and Pouch Market Segmentation .................................... 26 Global Plastics Bag and Pouch Market, By Segment ................................................................................... 26 Global Plastics Bag and Pouch Market, 2012-2020, Historic and Forecast, By Segment ........................... 28 Global Plastics Bag and Pouch Market, 2016, By Type of Material ............................................................ 29 Global Plastics Bag and Pouch Market, 2012-2020, Historic and Forecast, By Type of Material ............... 32 Plastics Bag Manufacturing Market ............................................................................................................ 33 Market Characteristics ............................................................................................................................ 33 Market Trends and Strategies ................................................................................................................. 33 Plastic Pouch Manufacturing Market ......................................................................................................... 34 Market Characteristics ............................................................................................................................ 34 Market Trends and Strategies ................................................................................................................. 34 Chapter 8: Plastics Bag and Pouch Market: Regional and Country Analysis ......... 37 Global Plastics Bag and Pouch Market, 2016, By Region ............................................................................ 37 Global Plastics Bag and Pouch Market, 2012-2020, Historic and Forecast, By Region .............................. 39 Global Plastics Bag and Pouch Market, 2016, By Country .......................................................................... 41 Global Plastics Bag and Pouch Market, 2012-2020, Historic and Forecast, By Country ............................. 43 Chapter 9: Global Plastics Bag and Pouch Market Comparison with Macro Economic Factors ................................................................................................. 46 Global Plastics Bag and Pouch Market Size, Percentage Of GDP................................................................ 46 Global Plastics Bag and Pouch Market Size, Percentage Of GDP, By Country ............................................ 48 Global Per Capita Average Plastics Bag and Pouch Expenditure ................................................................ 50 Global Per Capita Average Plastics Bag and Pouch Expenditure, By Country ............................................ 52 Chapter 10: Asia-Pacific Plastics Bag and Pouch Market ...................................... 55 Asia-Pacific Plastics Bag and Pouch Market Overview ............................................................................... 55 Region Information ................................................................................................................................. 55 Market Information ................................................................................................................................. 55 Background Information ......................................................................................................................... 56 Major End User Industries ....................................................................................................................... 56 Investments in Plastic Bags and Pouches Manufacturing Market .......................................................... 56 Regulations Governing the Plastic Bags and Pouches Industry .............................................................. 56 Asia-Pacific Plastics Bag and Pouch Historic Market, 2012-2016 ............................................................... 58 Asia-Pacific Plastics Bag and Pouch Forecast Market, 2016-2020 .............................................................. 59 Asia-Pacific Plastics Bag and Pouch Market, 2016, By Segment ................................................................. 60 Asia-Pacific Plastics Bag and Pouch Market, 2012-2020, Historic and Forecast, By Segment ................... 62 Asia-Pacific Plastics Bag and Pouch Market, 2016, By Type of Material .................................................... 64 Asia-Pacific Plastics Bag and Pouch Market, 2012-2020, Historic and Forecast, By Type of Material ....... 66 Chapter 11: Asia-Pacific Plastics Bag and Pouch Market: Country Analysis .......... 69 China Plastics Bag and Pouch Market ......................................................................................................... 69 China Plastics Bag and Pouch Market Overview ..................................................................................... 69 China Plastics Bag and Pouch Historic Market, 2012–2016 .................................................................... 70 China Plastics Bag and Pouch Forecast Market, 2016-2020 ................................................................... 71 China Market Size, By Segment ............................................................................................................... 73 China Plastics Bag and Pouch Market, 2012-2020, Historic and Forecast, By Segment ........................
Recommended publications
  • 3. Film Extrusion and Conversion
    FILM EXTRUSION AND CONVERSION 03 – TECHNICAL GUIDE Front Cover The Qenos Technical Centre operates a range of commercial and laboratory scale extrusion and moulding equipment for the injection moulding, blow moulding, fi lm extrusion (pictured), pipe extrusion and rotational moulding markets. Qenos manufactures a full range of fi lm grades for applications such as food contact, packaging and agriculture, including Alkamax metallocene mLLDPE resin for applications where superior performance is required at a thinner gauge. Qenos, the Qenos brandmark, Alkathene, Alkatuff, Alkamax, Alkadyne and Alkatane are trade marks of Qenos Pty Ltd. FILM EXTRUSION AND CONVERSION 3 3 FILM EXTRUSION AND CONVERSION TABLE OF CONTENTS PART A. FILM EXTRUSION 6 GRADE SELECTION FOR FILM EXTRUSION 6 Comparison of Product Types and Classes 6 Blending of LLDPE, mLLDPE and LDPE 7 Blending of HDPE with LLDPE and LDPE 8 Coextrusion 8 FILM EXTRUSION TECHNOLOGY 8 Process Description 8 Blown Film Parameters 9 RHEOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS 10 Flow in Shear 10 Extensional Flow 11 Melt Relaxation 11 Surface Melt Fracture 11 THE EXTRUSION PROCESS 12 Extruder Drive System 12 Heating and Cooling the Barrel 12 SCREW DESIGN 13 Conventional Screw Design 13 Modified and High Performance Screws 13 Barrier Flighted Screws 13 Extruder Head 14 Grooved Feed Section 14 FILM EXTRUSION DIES 14 Types of Film Die 15 Spiral Mandrel Dies 15 Coextrusion Film Dies 16 Die Design Principles for LDPE Polymers 16 Die Design Principles for LLDPE and mLLDPE Polymers 16 Wide Die Gap Extrusion 16 Narrow
    [Show full text]
  • Cortec Packaging.Pdf
    ™ VpCI VpCI™ VpCI™ ™ ™ VpCI VpCI Compostable VpCI™ SOLUTION Corrosion is a constant, indiscriminate and costly enemy of metal parts, especially when packaged for storage and transportation. Traditional anti-corrosion methods are messy, costly, and can be hazardous to personnel and the environment. Too often, they’re ineffective as well. Cortec® VpCI™ technology represents a breakthrough solu- tion in corrosion prevention. Our VpCI™ products protect metals with a chemically adsorbed molecular layer that pro- vides multimetal corrosion protection. The coverage is com- plete – all surfaces, including crevices, cavities and other inaccessible void areas receive total protection. The VpCI™ barrier is self-replenishing, even for packaging that’s repeat- edly opened, and typically protects for up to 24 months. The industry proven result is exceptional product protection without the labor-intensive clean-up required with convention- al oil coatings or other inhibiting products – even for previ- ously corroded, painted or coated surfaces. Cortec® VpCIs are environmentally safe, and are not based on nitrites. Cortec® VpCI™ technology. The safety net your products and systems deserve. Anode e Cathod VpCI™ Benefits VpCIs Fight Dissolved® ions VpCI Cost Effective Corrosion at the • Saves costly time and labor Molecules of – no surface preparation required VpCI™ in gaseous phase Molecular Level for application Anode – no cleaning/degreasing required e for product use Cathod Cortec® Vapor phase Corrosion Inhibitors™ • Reduces raw material requirements (VpCI™) provide multimetal protection with cor- – need for oil is eliminated – desiccants are eliminated ® rosion inhibiting vapors that condense onto the Dissolved ions • Eliminates disposal costs VpCI surface of your products and form a thin, uniform, – products are fully recyclable economical and extremely effective corrosion – no hazardous waste disposal costs Molecules of inhibiting layer.
    [Show full text]
  • Download the Course Outline
    Fundamentals of Packaging Technology Seminar Course Outline Semester 1 Day One • Course Introduction • Course Overview 1-3 Market Research • Course Logistics • Why perform market studies • Market study tools 1-1 Perspective on Packaging • Broad based studies • Demographic Workshop: Part One • Focused studies • A definition of packaging • Updating persona through market • The historical evolution of packaging research and packaging materials • The industrial revolution and packaging 1-4 Graphic Design • Growth of modern packaging roles • Demographic Workshop: Part Two • The modern packaging industry • Technical and communication roles compared 1-2 Package Development • The importance of demographic and Process psychographic information • Management of the packaging function • The modern retail environment • The package as the purchase motivator • Project Scope and objectives • Fundamental messages: Cords of • The package development process familiarity and points of difference • The package design brief • Equity and brand names • Specifications • Emotional aspects of color • Basics of graphic design: balance, unity, direction, typography and Day Two illustrations 1-5 Introduction to Printing 1-6 Printing Methods and Printing Methods • Preparing the artwork, prepress proofing Flexographic and Related Relief Printing Processes • Package printing methods and printing presses • Nature and production of the printing plate • Line art, color selection and Pantone Matching System • Configuration of the printing station • Halftone art, screens and
    [Show full text]
  • View the 2018 Sustainability Report
    2018 Sustainability Initiatives A GRI-Referenced Report Table of Contents Leadership Message INDEVCO Plastics Overview Environmental Sustainability Social Responsibility GRI Content Index 2 Table of Contents A MESSAGE FROM LEADERSHIP 3 SPECIFIC DISCLOSURES GENERAL DISCLOSURES 5 Environmental Sustainability 18 Management Appproach 19 Organizational Profile 6 Energy Reduction 20 Beliefs 13 Raw Materials 22 Strategy & Analysis 14 Waste 22 Governance 15 How We Report 16 Supplier Assessment 23 Social Responsibility 24 Management Appproach 25 Occupational Health & Safety 26 Employee Diversity & Inclusion 29 Local Community 30 GRI Content Index 31 APPENDIX A: INDEVCO North America Code of Conduct 33 Table of Contents Leadership Message INDEVCO Plastics Overview Environmental Sustainability Social Responsibility GRI Content Index 3 102-14 A Message from Our Leadership We feel fortunate to work in an industry that We invested in recycling equipment that will allow us produces packaging of incomparable function and to unleash the value of plastic scrap next year, while convenience. Our products impact the economic considering recoverability options of our packaging vitality of manufacturers and the lives of consumers ultimately used by consumers. every day. At the same time, plastic has become Within our plants, INDEVCO Plastics coordinated one of the most problematic and misunderstood of employee health and wellness screening and packaging materials. Plastic waste has captured the sponsored team members in a community sports Robert Laird world’s attention, and we think that’s a good thing. league. In the wider community, we engaged with Division President In 2018, INDEVCO Plastics introduced sustainability organizations like Greater Longview United Way and INDEVCO North America reporting for the first time.
    [Show full text]
  • Blow Molding Solutions Selection Guide
    FRESH SOLUTIO FOR BLOW NS MOLDE D CO NTA INE RS YOUR BEST SOURCE FOR BLOW MOLDING SOLUTIONS As the world’s leading polyethylene producer, The Dow Chemical Company (Dow) is uniquely positioned to be your supplier of choice for blow molding materials. By collaborating with customers and other key members throughout the value chain, Dow helps drive innovation and promote sustainability with solutions that successfully address the needs of virtually every blow molding market, including: • Water Juice Dairy (WJD) • Pharmaceuticals (Pharma) • Household & Industrial Chemicals (HIC) • Large Part Blow Molding (LPBM) • Agricultural Chemicals (Ag Chem) • Durable Goods • Personal Care Our rich portfolio of sustainable solutions is backed by industry-leading technical expertise, deep understanding of the marketplace, a highly responsive supply chain, and an unmatched set of global resources. In addition to offering excellent performance and processing, Dow solutions are integral to developing containers that help reduce costs, improve retail visibility, and enhance shelf life. 1 The following pages provide an overview of Dow plastic resins designed for use in blow molded rigid packaging applications: • UNIVAL™ High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) Resins are industry standard, “workhorse” materials for everything from food and beverages to household, industrial, and agricultural chemicals. • CONTINUUM™ Bimodal Polyethylene Resins offer opportunities for increased competitive advantage with enhanced performance that creates the potential for lightweighting, incorporation of post-consumer recycle (PCR) content, and more. • DOW HEALTH+™ Polyethylene Resins deliver the high levels of quality, compliance, and commitment needed to meet the stringent requirements of healthcare and pharmaceutical applications. • DOW™ HDPE Resins are available in bimodal and monomodal grades that offer Dow customers in Latin America excellent top load strength, ESCR, and more for a wide range of applications.
    [Show full text]
  • Thinwall Packaging High Performance Systems for High Performance Parts
    Thinwall Packaging High performance systems for high performance parts Benefits • High performance production systems— fast, repeatable • Lighter, more sustainable high performance parts • Consistent part quality • High productivity, low scrap • Complete melt delivery systems with all elements optimized for each application: - machine - hot runner - Altanium® controller With more than 50 years of experience in Our dedicated global thinwall team sup- • Single point of contact for the thinwall packaging industry, Husky is ports customers on multiple levels offering integrated workcell a leader in developing high performance skills, software and services that ensure packaging solutions. Our complete high- the best return on investment. In the early speed systems are optimized to meet our product development stages, we offer • In-mold labeling solutions customers’ specific packaging needs while a wide range of services, including part that help parts stand out on lowering overall part costs. design, flow simulation analysis, finite ele- store shelves ment analysis and resin validation tests. We are committed to being a long-term Once in production, our locally-based partner to help thinwall packaging custom- Service and Sales network is accessible for ers grow their business. To achieve this, 24/7 spare parts and technical support to we maintain collaborative relationships keep systems running efficiently and with with other industry-leading companies to maximum uptime. deliver integrated, best-in-class thinwall packaging systems. Thinwall systems tailored for performance requirements HyPAC two-stage injection HyPAC with two-stage injection is ideal for customers running the highest cavitation molds with the largest shot weights at fast cycles. HyPAC reciprocating-screw injection The unique HyPAC injection unit design offers 30% more throughput and more than twice the melt acceleration for a given screw size.
    [Show full text]
  • Solutions for Injection Molding Applications Selection Guide
    TOUGH, RELIABLE SOLUTIONS FOR INJECTIONMOLDING APPLICATIONS YOUR ONE-STOP SHOP FOR INJECTION MOLDING SOLUTIONS As the world’s top producer of polyethylene, • CONTINUUM™ Bimodal Polyethylene The Dow Chemical Company (Dow) is uniquely Resins offer opportunities for enhanced qualified to meet your needs for injection closure performance and increased molding solutions. Our product portfolio competitive advantage with the potential covers everything from industry standards for lightweighting, incorporation of post- to the latest breakthroughs – all backed by consumer recycle (PCR) content, and more. a singular understanding of material science • DOW HEALTH+™ Polyethylene Resins and processing, plus global manufacturing deliver the high levels of quality, compliance, capabilities. By working closely with customers and commitment needed to meet the and other key members of the value chain, stringent requirements of healthcare and Dow helps drive innovation and promote pharmaceutical applications. sustainability in applications such as: • DOW™ HDPE Resins feature excellent • Caps & Closures (C&C) flow, impact strength, rigidity, ESCR, and downgauging capabilities – plus low warpage • Industrial Containers and taste/odor contributions – making • Thin-wall Containers (TWC) them a solid choice for injection molded and • Lids extruded/thermoformed applications like The following pages provide an overview of tubs, pails, and single-serve containers. Dow plastic resins designed for use in injection • DOWLEX™ IP HDPE Resins offer the high molded rigid
    [Show full text]
  • A Guide to Polyolefin Blow Molding Z Bellows-Shaped Shields and Doublewall Instrument and Tool Carrying Cases
    A Guide to Polyolefin Blow Molding z Bellows-shaped shields and doublewall instrument and tool carrying cases. Polyolefins for Blow Molding H H This book contains extensive Polyolefins are the most widely used information on polyolefin blow molding; plastic for blow molding. This book, “A C = C however, it makes no specific Guide to Polyolefin Blow Molding,” recommendations for the processing of contains general information LyondellBasell Chemicals’ resins for H H concerning materials, methods and specific applications. For more detailed equipment for producing high quality information, please contact your polyolefin blow molded products at LyondellBasell polyolefins sales optimum production rates. Figure 1. Ethylene monomer representative. molecular structure Blow-Moldable Polyolefins and Other Products from LyondellBasell Applications Chemicals offers an extensive range of Polyolefins that can be blow polyolefin resins, plus polyolefin-based molded include: tie-layer resins not only for blow z Low density polyethylene (LDPE) molding, but also for: z Linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) z Injection Molding z Medium density polyethylene z Film Extrusion (MDPE) z Extrusion Coating z High density polyethylene (HDPE) z Sheet and Profile Extrusion z Ethylene copolymers, such as H H H H H H H H H H z Wire and Cable Coating ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) z Rotational Molding and Powder z Polypropylene and propylene coating C C C C C C C C C C copolymers (PP) z Blending and Compounding In general, the advantages of z Flame Retardant Applications H H H H H H H H H H polyolefin blow molding resins are good z Pipe processability, light weight, good toughness, outstanding chemical LyondellBasell also produces Figure 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Silicone Molding with FDM Patterns
    TECHNICAL APPLICATION GUIDE Silicone Molding With FDM Patterns Silicone molding, also known as room temperature vulcanized (RTV) molding, is a fast and affordable solution for prototyping and short-run production. Offering lead APPLICATION times of three to seven days at just a fraction of the cost of an aluminum tool for COMPATIBILITY injection molding, silicone molding is an attractive alternative for the production of TECHNOLOGY IDEA DESIGN PRODUCTION plastic parts. FDM 2 3 3 PolyJet NA 5 5 A silicone mold is made by pouring liquid silicone rubber over a pattern. After the rubber cures, it becomes firm, yet flexible. The result is a mold that can hold tight (0 – N/A, 1 – Low, 5 – High) tolerances while reproducing extremely complex geometries, intricate details, COMPANION AND and undercuts. REFERENCE MATERIALS By replacing machined patterns with FDM® patterns, the mold-making process Technical • Document can be completed in two to three days. And unlike machining, complex and application guide intricate shapes have little effect on the time or cost of the FDM pattern. Application brief • Document • Commercial An important consideration, which is often overlooked, is that FDM patterns can Video • Success story endure the mold-making process. They can withstand the weight of the rubber • How It’s Used and heat from an accelerated curing process. Additionally, the strength of the Case Studies • ScanMed FDM material makes it possible to extract complex patterns from the silicone mold • Best Practice: without breaking, which means that patterns can be reused to make Referenced processes Orienting for multiple molds. Strength, Speed or Surface Finish • Best Practice: CAD to STL • Best Practice: Sectioning an Oversized Part • Best Practice: Applying Custom Toolpaths for Thin • Walls and Bosses • Best Practice: Bonding • Best Practice: Optimizing Seam Location • Best Practice: Media Blasting Silicone molded MRI cover and tooling.
    [Show full text]
  • Howto Print on Corrugatedplastic
    How to Print on Corrugated Plastic An explanation of how to print on polypropylene corrugated plastic boards. 1 © Copyright 2018 HP Development Company, L.P. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. How to Print on Corrugated Plastic What you will need What you will need PP corrugated board Cutting device A clean cloth Gloves (optional) Before Preparing the substrate printing Preparing the job SW tools Printer Isopropyl alcohol Surface tension test (RIP, edition, etc.) (optional) inks/pens (optional) Printing The printing process After Post-print finishing printing Drill and metal drill bits Finishing parts: Plastic eyelet press (optional) H-stakes, nylon clamps, (optional) plastic eyelets, plastic 2 © Copyright 2018 HP Development Company, L.P. The information contained herein is subject to change without notice. clips… How to Print on Corrugated Plastic Preparing the substrate What you will need 1. Substrate check 2. Substrate handling 3. Table grounding A corona treatment is often applied to PP boards tend to hold static charge. Ensure that substrate tables are boards to increase ink adhesion. This Avoid sliding the substrate over the attached and secured to the printer to treatment will diminish over time. Use stack / carrying it across carpeted provide a grounding surface for static- Before Preparing the substrate surfaces. printing fresh material to ensure the best results. loaded materials. NOTE: Latex inks wet materials with a surface energy of at least 30 dynes/cm. Surface energy can be measured with a special set of calibrated pens or inks. Preparing the job Printing The printing process 4. Substrate cutting 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Fabrication of Nanostructures by Roll-To-Roll Extrusion Coating
    View metadata,Downloaded citation and from similar orbit.dtu.dk papers on:at core.ac.uk Dec 21, 2017 brought to you by CORE provided by Online Research Database In Technology Fabrication of Nanostructures by Roll-to-Roll Extrusion Coating Murthy, Swathi; Matschuk, Maria; Huang, Qian; Mandsberg, N.K.; Feidenhans'l, Nikolaj Agentoft; Johansen, P.; Christensen, L.; Pranov, H.; Kofod, G.; Pedersen, Henrik Chresten; Hassager, Ole; Taboryski, Rafael J. Published in: Advanced Engineering Materials Link to article, DOI: 10.1002/adem.201500347 Publication date: 2015 Document Version Peer reviewed version Link back to DTU Orbit Citation (APA): Murthy, S., Matschuk, M., Huang, Q., Mandsberg, N. K., Feidenhans'l, N. A., Johansen, P., ... Taboryski, R. J. (2015). Fabrication of Nanostructures by Roll-to-Roll Extrusion Coating. Advanced Engineering Materials, 18(4), 484-489. DOI: 10.1002/adem.201500347 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.
    [Show full text]
  • Packaging with Topas® Coc Packaging with Topas® Coc
    PACKAGING WITH TOPAS® COC PACKAGING WITH TOPAS® COC TOPAS Advanced Polymers TOPAS Advanced Polymers is the world’s leading maker of COC (cyclic TOPAS Advanced Polymers also supplies the chemical raw material nor- olefin copolymer), a glass-clear plastic for healthcare, optics, packag- bornene. A joint venture of Polyplastics Co., Ltd. and Daicel Corporation, ing, and electronics applications. From insulin delivery, to food contact the company is headquartered in Frankfurt, Germany. It operates the films, to tablet and smartphone displays, TOPAS is the high performance world's largest COC plant in Oberhausen, Germany. TOPAS® is a regis- material of choice. The broad global regulatory compliance of TOPAS tered trademark of TOPAS Advanced Polymers for its family of cyclic can make your next development a simpler task. olefin copolymer resins. Important The properties of articles can be affected by a variety of factors, includ- specified, the numerical values given in this literature are for reference ing choice of material, additives, part design, processing conditions, purposes only and not for use in product design. Without exception, and exposure to the environment. Customers should take responsibility please follow the information and other procedures explained in this as to the suitability of a particular material or part design for a spe- literature. This literature does not guarantee specific properties for our cific application. In addition, before commercializing a product that company’s products. Please take the responsibility to verify intellectual incorporates TOPAS, customers should take the responsibility of car- property rights of third parties. rying out performance evaluations. The products mentioned herein are not designed or promoted for use in medical or dental implants.
    [Show full text]